| | 襄公三十... : |
三十年，春，王正月，楚子使薳罷來聘。 |
| | In the thirtieth year [of the reign], spring, the first month of the king's calendar, the ruler of Chu sent Wei Bai to pay a visit.
|
| | |
夏，四月，蔡世子般弒其君固。 |
| | In summer, fourth month, the heir apparent of Cai, Ban, assassinated his lord Gu.
|
| | |
五月，甲午，宋災。 |
| | On the Jiawu day of the fifth month, a disaster occurred in Song.
|
| | |
宋伯姬卒。 |
| | Lady Boji of Song died.
|
| | |
天王殺其弟佞夫。 |
| | The Son of Heaven killed his younger brother Ningfu.
|
| | |
王子瑕奔晉。 |
| | Prince Xia fled to Jin.
|
| | |
秋，七月，叔弓如宋，葬宋共姬。 |
| | In autumn, seventh month, Shugong went to Song for the burial of Gongji of Song.
|
| | |
鄭良霄出奔許，自許入于鄭。鄭人殺良霄。 |
| | Liangxiao of Zheng fled to Xu, and then entered Zheng from Xu. The people of Zheng killed Liangxiao.
|
| | |
冬，十月，葬蔡景公。 |
| | In winter, tenth month, the Duke Jing of Cai was buried.
|
| | |
晉人，齊人，宋人，衛人，鄭人，曹人，莒人，邾人，滕人，薛人，杞人，小邾人，會于澶淵，宋災故。 |
| | The people of Jin, Qi, Song, Wei, Zheng, Cao, Ju, Zhuge, Teng, Xue, Qi, and Xiaozhu convened at Chanyuan because of the disaster in Song.
|
| | 襄公三十... : |
三十年，春，王正月，楚子使薳罷來聘，通嗣君也。穆叔問：「王子之為政何如？」對曰：「吾儕小人，食而聽事，猶懼不給命而不免於戾，焉與知政？」固問焉，不告。穆叔告大夫曰，楚令尹將有大事子蕩將與焉，助之匿其情矣。」 |
| | In the thirtieth year, spring, first month of the king's calendar, the ruler of Chu dispatched Wei Bai to visit; this was to establish communication with the new successor. Mushu asked: "How is Prince Wang governing?" He replied: "We lowly men merely eat and listen to affairs, still fearing we may not fulfill our duties and fall into wrongdoing. How could we be involved in governance?" The question was pressed further, but he did not answer. Mushu informed the ministers: "The Lord Lingyi of Chu is about to undertake a major endeavor, and Zi Dang will be involved. We have helped conceal his intentions."
|
| | |
子產相鄭伯以如晉，叔向問鄭國之政焉。對曰：「吾得見與否，在此歲也。駟、良方爭，未知所成。若有所成，吾得見，乃可知也。」叔向曰：「不既和矣乎？」對曰，伯有侈而愎，子皙好在人上，莫能相下也，雖其和也，猶相積惡也，惡至無日矣。」 |
| | Zi Chan served as the minister of Duke Bo of Zheng when he went to Jin, and Shuxiang inquired about the governance of Zheng. He replied: "Whether I will be seen or not depends on this year. The Si and Liang families are currently vying for power, and it is still unknown who will prevail." "If someone emerges victorious, then I may be seen, and only then can the situation become clear." Shuxiang said: "Have they not already reached a reconciliation?" He replied: "Bo You is extravagant and stubborn, while Zixi prefers to be above others. They cannot tolerate each other. Even if they appear harmonious now, their mutual resentment continues to accumulate; it is only a matter of time before the evil erupts."
|
| | |
三月，癸未，晉悼夫人食輿人之城杞者，絳縣人或年長矣，無子，而往與於食。有與疑年，使之年。曰：「臣小人也，不知紀年。臣生之歲，正月甲子朔，四百有四十五甲子矣。其季於今，三之一也。」吏走問諸朝。師曠曰：「魯叔仲惠伯會郤成子于承匡之歲也。是歲也，狄伐魯。叔孫莊叔於是乎敗狄于鹹，獲長狄僑如及虺也、豹也，而皆以名其子。七十三年矣。」史趙曰，亥有二首六身，下二如身，是其日數也。」士文伯曰：「然則二萬二千六百有六旬也。」趙孟問其縣大夫，則其屬也。召之，而謝過焉，曰：「武不才，任君之大事。以晉國之多虞，不能由吾子。使吾子辱在泥塗久矣，武之罪也。敢謝不才。」遂仕之，使助為政。辭以老，與之田，使為君復陶，以為絳縣師，而廢其輿尉。於是魯使者在晉，歸以語諸大夫。季武子曰，晉未可媮也，有趙孟以為大夫，有伯瑕以為佐，有史趙、師曠而咨度焉，有叔向、女齊以師保其君。其朝多君子，其庸可媮乎，勉事之而後可。」 |
| | On the Guiwei day of the third month, Lady Dou of Jin provided food to those building the city at Qi. Some people from Jiang Xian were already old and childless but went to partake in the meal. Some questioned their ages, so they made them state their years of birth. They said: "We are commoners; we do not know the official calendar years. The year I was born, on the first day of the first month it was Jiashi, and now four hundred and forty-five cycles of sixty days have passed." He added: "If we count from that time until today, this is one-third of the total." The officials hurried to inquire at court. Shikuang said: "In the year when Shu Zhong Huibo of Lu met Xie Chengzi at Chengkuang, in that year, the Di attacked Lu. At that time, Shusun Zhuangshu defeated the Di at Xian and captured Qiao Ru of the Longdi as well as Huiye and Bao. He named his sons after them. That was seventy-three years ago." Shizhao said: "Hai has two heads and six bodies, with the lower two resembling bodies; this is how its days are counted." Shi Wenbo said: "Then it would be 22,606 decades." Zhao Meng asked about the county officials and found that they were his subordinates. He summoned them and apologized, saying: "Wu is unworthy but has been entrusted with your lord's important affairs. Because of the many troubles in Jin, I have not followed your advice. To have kept you in such a low position for so long is my fault." "I dare to apologize for my lack of ability." He then appointed them, making them assist in governance. They declined on the grounds of old age and were instead given land, ordered to serve as a potter for the lord, and appointed as teacher of Jiang Xian, while their position as carriage officer was abolished. At that time, envoys from Lu who were in Jin returned and reported this to the ministers of Lu. Ji Wuzi said: "Jin is not yet a place we can take advantage of. They have Zhao Meng as their minister, Bo Xia as his assistant, and Shi Zhao and Shikuang to advise them; they also have Shuxiang and Nü Qi to serve as mentors for their lord. Their court is filled with virtuous men; how can we possibly take advantage of them? We must work hard to serve them before anything else."
|
| | |
夏，四月，己亥，鄭伯及其大夫盟，君子是以知鄭難之不已也。 |
| | In summer, fourth month, on the Jihai day, Duke Bo of Zheng and his ministers formed an alliance. The virtuous men thus knew that troubles in Zheng would not cease.
|
| | |
蔡景侯為大子般娶于楚，通焉。大子弒景侯。 |
| | Duke Jinghou of Cai married the crown prince Ban to a woman from Chu, and they became involved in an affair. The crown prince assassinated Duke Jinghou.
|
| | |
初，王儋季卒，其子括將見王而歎，單公子愆期為靈王御士，過諸廷，聞其歎，而言曰：「烏乎，必有此夫！」入以告王，且曰：「必殺之。不慼而願大，視躁而足高，心在他矣，不殺，必害。」王曰：「童子何知？」及靈王崩，儋括欲立王子佞夫。佞夫弗知。戊子，儋括圍蒍，逐成愆。成愆奔平畤。五月，癸巳，尹言多、劉毅、單蔑、甘過、鞏成殺佞夫。括瑕廖奔晉。書曰「天王殺其弟佞夫」，罪在王也。 |
| | Originally, when Wang Danji died, his son Kuo was about to present himself before the king and sighed. Gongzi Qianqi of Shan, who served as a retainer for King Ling, passed by in the court, heard his sigh, and said: "Alas! There must be such a man!" He went inside to report this to the king, adding: "We must kill him. Though not sorrowful yet ambitious, his gaze is hasty and his bearing lofty—his heart lies elsewhere. If we do not kill him, he will surely cause harm." The king said: "What does this child know?" When King Ling died, Dan Kuo wanted to install Prince Ningfu as ruler. Prince Ningfu was unaware of this. On the Wuzi day, Dan Kuo besieged Wei and drove out Cheng Qian. Cheng Qian fled to Pingzhi. In the fifth month, on the Guisi day, Yin Yanduo, Liu Yi, Shan Mie, Gan Guo, and Gong Cheng killed Prince Ningfu. Kuaxia Liao fled to Jin. The Records state, "The Son of Heaven killed his brother Ningfu," placing the blame on the king.
|
| | |
或呌于宋大廟曰，譆譆出出，鳥鳴于亳社，如曰譆譆，甲午，宋大災。宋伯姬卒，待姆也。君子謂宋共姬「女而不婦。女待人，婦義事也。」 |
| | Someone cried out in the great temple of Song, saying: "Xi xi chu chu! Birds are crying at Bao She, as if to say 'xi xi.' On the Jiawu day, a great disaster struck Song." Lady Boji of Song died; she was waiting for her nurse. The virtuous men said of Gong Ji of Song: "She was a daughter but not a wife." "A daughter waits for others, but it is the duty of a wife to act with righteousness."
|
| | |
六月，鄭子產如陳蒞盟。歸復命，告大夫曰：「陳，亡國也，不可與也。聚禾粟，繕城郭，恃此二者，而不撫其民。其君弱植，公子侈，大子卑，大夫敖，政多門，以介於大國，能無亡乎不過十年矣。」 |
| | In the sixth month, Zi Chan of Zheng went to Chen to oversee an alliance. After returning and reporting his mission, he told the ministers: "Chen is a doomed state; we cannot ally with it. They are gathering grain and repairing city walls, relying on these two things while neglecting their people. Their ruler is weak, the princes are extravagant, the crown prince is lowly, and the ministers arrogant. With so many factions in governance and being sandwiched between great states, how can they avoid destruction? No more than ten years will pass before it happens."
|
| | |
秋，七月，叔弓如宋，葬共姬也。 |
| | In autumn, seventh month, Shu Gong went to Song for the funeral of Gong Ji.
|
| | |
鄭伯有耆酒，為窟室，而夜飲酒，擊鍾焉，朝至未己，朝者曰：「公焉在？」其人曰：「吾公在壑谷。」皆自朝布路而罷。既而朝，則又將使子皙如楚，歸而飲酒，庚子，子皙以駟氏之甲，伐而焚之，伯有奔雍梁，醒而後知之，遂奔許。大夫聚謀。子皮曰，仲虺之志云：『亂者取之，亡者侮之。』推亡固存，國之利也。罕駟，豐，同生，伯有汏侈，故不免。」人謂子產就直助彊。子產曰：「豈為我徒？國之禍難，誰知所儆，或主彊直，難乃不生。姑成吾所。」辛丑，子產斂伯有氏之死者而殯之，不及謀而遂行。印段從之，子皮止之。眾曰：「人不我順，何止焉？」子皮曰：「夫子禮於死者，況生者乎？」遂自止之。壬寅，子產入。癸卯，子石入。皆受盟于子皙氏，乙巳，鄭伯及其大夫盟于大宮。盟國人于師之梁之外。伯有聞鄭人之盟己也，怒，聞子皮之甲，不與攻己也，喜，曰，子皮與我矣，癸丑，晨，自墓門之瀆入，因馬師頡介于襄庫，以伐舊北門。駟帶率國人以伐之。皆召子產。子產曰：「兄弟而及此，吾從天所與。」伯有死於羊肆，子產襚之，枕之股而哭之，斂而殯諸伯有之臣在市側者。既而葬諸斗城。子駟氏欲攻子產，子皮怒之，曰，禮，國之幹也，殺有禮，禍莫大焉。」乃止，於是游吉如晉還，聞難不入，復命于介。八月，甲子，奔晉。駟帶追之，及酸棗。與子上盟，用兩珪質于河。使公孫肸入盟大夫。己巳，復歸，書曰「鄭人殺良霄」，不稱大夫，言自外入也。於子蟜之卒也，將葬，公孫揮與裨灶晨會事焉。過伯有氏，其門上生莠。子羽曰：「其莠猶在乎？」於是歲在降婁，降婁中而旦。裨灶指之曰，猶可以終歲，歲不及此次也已。」及其亡也，歲在娵訾之口。其明年乃及降婁。僕展從伯有，與之皆死。羽頡出奔晉，為任大夫。雞澤之會，鄭樂成奔楚，遂適晉。羽頡因之，與之比而事趙文子，言伐鄭之說焉。以宋之盟故，不可。子皮以公孫鉏為馬師。 |
| | Duke You of Zheng was fond of wine; he built a hidden chamber and drank there at night, beating the bells. From morning until evening, drinking did not cease. When officials came in the morning, they asked: "Where is our lord?" His attendants replied: "Our lord is at He Gu." All of them returned from court, spreading the road behind them and then dismissed. Later, when court convened again, he planned to send Zixi to Chu. After returning from the mission, Duke You continued drinking. On the Gengzi day, Zixi led Si Shi's armored forces and attacked, setting it on fire. Duke You fled to Yongliang; upon waking up and learning of this, he then fled to Xu. The ministers gathered to discuss the matter. Zi Pi said: "According to Zhong Hui's records: 'Those who cause chaos will be taken, and those who perish will be insulted.'" To eliminate the doomed and preserve what is stable is in the interest of the state. "Han Si, Feng, and Tong were born from the same family; Bo You was extravagant and arrogant, so he could not avoid his fate." People said that Zi Chan favored the upright but assisted the strong. Zi Chan replied: "Is this for my sake alone? Who can know what will serve as a warning in the state's calamities? If someone upholds strength and righteousness, then disasters will not arise. "Let us first complete our task." On the Xichou day, Zi Chan collected and gave a temporary burial to those of Bo You's family who had died; without waiting for further discussion, he proceeded with the action. Yin Duan followed him, but Zi Pi stopped them. The crowd said: "If people do not support us, why should we stop?" Zi Pi replied: "Our master showed respect to the dead; how much more so for those who are alive?" He then stopped himself. On the Renyin day, Zi Chan entered [the city]. On the Guimao day, Zishi entered. Both accepted an oath at Zi Xishi's residence. On the Yisi day, Duke Bo of Zheng formed an alliance with his ministers in the Grand Temple. An alliance was made with the people of Zheng outside the bridge at Shi Zhi Liang. Bo You heard that the people of Zheng had allied against him and became angry. Learning that Zi Pi's forces did not join in attacking him, he was pleased and said: "Zi Pi is with me." On the Guichou day at dawn, Bo You entered from the ditch near Mumen, using Ma Shi Jie as his intermediary at Xiangku, to attack the old northern gate. Si Dai led the people of Zheng against him. Both sides summoned Zi Chan. Zi Chan said: "That brothers have come to this, I will follow what Heaven grants." Bo You died at Yangsi. Zi Chan provided him with burial clothes, placed his head on his thigh and wept for him, then had him buried among Bo You's loyal retainers who were stationed by the market side. Later he was buried in Dou Cheng. The Si Shi family wanted to attack Zi Chan, but Zi Pi was angry and said: "Ritual is the backbone of a state. To kill one who upholds ritual is no greater calamity." They then stopped. At this time, You Ji was returning from Jin to Zheng when he heard of the turmoil and did not enter; instead, he reported his mission at Jie. In August, on the Jiashi day, [he] fled to Jin. Si Dai pursued him and caught up with him at Suanzao. They formed an alliance with Zi Shang, using two jade discs as a pledge by the Yellow River. He sent Gongsun Xi to form an alliance with the ministers. On the Jisi day, he returned. The Records state: "The people of Zheng killed Liang Xiao," without mentioning his title as a minister, indicating that he had entered from outside. When Zi Jiao died and the time for burial approached, Gongsun Hui and Bi Zhao met in the morning to attend to the funeral arrangements. They passed by the Bo You family's residence, where weeds were growing on their gate. Zi Yu said: "Are those weeds still there?" At that time, the year was in Jianglu. Dawn broke as it reached the middle of Jianglu. Bi Zhao pointed to it and said: "It still seems possible for the year to end, but this will not happen again in the same year." When he died, the year was at the mouth of Juzi. The following year it reached Jianglu again. Pu Zhan followed Bo You, and both died with him. Yu Jie fled to Jin and became a minister of the Ren family. At the Ji Ze assembly, Zheng Yuecheng fled to Chu and then went on to Jin. Yu Jie took advantage of this opportunity and formed an alliance with him, serving Zhao Wenzzi together, and he spoke about the plan to attack Zheng. Because of the previous oath made at Song, it was not possible. Zi Pi appointed Gongsun Chu as the master of horses.
|
| | |
楚公子圍殺大司馬蒍掩而取其室。申無宇曰：「王子必不免。善人，國之主也。王子相楚國，將善是封殖，而虐之，是禍國也。且司馬令尹之偏，而王之四體也。絕民之主，去身之偏，艾王之體，以禍其國，無不祥大焉。何以得免？」 |
| | Prince Wei of Chu killed the Grand Marshal Wei Yan and took his wife and concubines. Shen Wuyu said: "The prince will surely not escape punishment." Righteous people are the foundation of a state. The prince, as regent of the State of Chu, should protect and promote virtue, yet he oppresses it; this is a calamity for the state. Moreover, the Grand Marshal is the deputy of the Lord Chancellor and an extension of the king's body. To sever the people's leader, remove one's own deputy, and harm the king's limbs in order to bring calamity upon his state—there can be no greater ill omen. "How could he possibly escape punishment?"
|
| | |
為宋災故，諸侯之大夫會，以謀歸宋財。冬十月，叔孫豹會晉趙武，齊公孫蠆，宋向戌，衛北宮佗，鄭罕虎，及小邾之大夫，會于澶淵。既而無歸於宋，故不書其人，君子曰：「信其不可不慎乎澶淵之會，卿不書，不信也夫。諸侯之上卿，會而不信，寵名皆棄，不信之不可也如是。《詩》曰：『文王陟降，在帝左右。』信之謂也。又曰：『淑慎爾止，無載爾偽。』不信之謂也。」書曰，某人某人會于澶淵，宋災故，尤之也，不書魯大夫，諱之也。 |
| | Because of the disaster in Song, ministers from various states convened to discuss returning property to Song. In winter, the tenth month, Shu Sun Bao met with Jin Zhao Wu, Qi Gongsun Chai, Song Xiang Xu, Wei Beigong Tuo, Zheng Han Hu, and a minister from Xiaozhu at Chanyuan. Later, no property was actually returned to Song, so the names of those present were not recorded. The gentlemen said: "Is it not clear that trust must be handled with utmost care? At the Chanyuan assembly, the ministers' names were not recorded—this is a sign of untrustworthiness." The high-ranking ministers of the feudal lords convened but failed to keep their word; they abandoned all honor and reputation. How serious is the consequence of lacking trust! The Book of Songs says: "King Wen ascends and descends, standing at the Son of Heaven's side." This is what is meant by trust. It also says: "Be virtuous and cautious in your conduct, do not bear false pretenses." This is what is meant by lack of trust. The Records state, "Certain people met at Chanyuan," because of the disaster in Song; this was a reproach. The ministers from Lu were not recorded, as it was concealed.
|
| | |
鄭子皮授子產政，辭曰，國小而偪，族大寵多，不可為也。」子皮曰：「虎帥以聽，誰敢犯子子？善相之，國無小，小能事大，國乃寬。」子產為政，有事伯石，賂與之邑。子大叔曰：「國皆其國也，奚獨賂焉？」子產曰：「無欲實難。皆得其欲，以從其事，而要其成。非我有成，其在人乎何愛於邑，邑將焉往？」子大叔曰：「若四國何？」子產曰：「非相違也，而相從也。四國何尤焉，鄭書有之曰：『安定國家，必大焉先。』姑先安大，以待其所歸。」既伯石懼而歸邑，卒與之。伯有既死，使大史命伯石為卿，辭。大史退，則請命焉。復命之，又辭。如是三，乃受策入拜。子產是以惡其為人也，使次己位，子產使都鄙有章，上下有服，田有封洫，廬井有伍。大人之忠儉者，從而與之，泰侈者因而斃之，豐卷將祭，請田焉。弗許，曰，唯君用鮮，眾給而已。」子張怒，退而徵役，子產奔晉，子皮止之，而逐豐卷。豐卷奔晉。子產請其田里，三年而復之，反其田、里及其入焉。從政一年，輿人誦之曰，取我衣冠而褚之，取我田疇而伍之。孰殺子產，吾其與之。」及三年，又誦之曰：「我有子弟，子產誨之。我有田疇，子產殖之。子產而死，誰其嗣之？」 |
| | Zi Pi of Zheng handed over governance to Zi Chan. Zi Chan declined, saying: "The state is small and threatened; the clans are large and favored excessively—it will be impossible to manage." Zi Pi said: "I, Hu, shall lead them in obedience—who dares to defy you?" "Serve as a good assistant. A state is not small; even a smaller one can serve the greater, and thus the state will find peace." When Zi Chan assumed governance, he had matters to attend to with Bo Shi and gave him a fief as a bribe. Zi Dashi said: "The whole country is his country; why give bribes to only one person?" Zi Chan replied: "To have no desires is truly difficult." "If everyone attains their desire, they will follow through with their duties and achieve success in the end." "If I do not succeed, how can it be achieved by others? Why should I be stingy with a fief when the fief has nowhere else to go?" Zi Dashi asked: "What about the four neighboring states?" Zi Chan said: "It is not a matter of going against each other, but rather following one another." "The four states have no reason to reproach us. The Zheng records say: 'To stabilize the state and country, one must first address the great matters.'" "Better to first ensure stability in major affairs and await where things will settle." After Bo Shi feared and returned the fief, he was finally given it. After Bo You died, they sent the chief historian to appoint Bo Shi as an official, but he declined. The chief historian withdrew, and then requested a formal appointment. They again conferred the title upon him, but he once more declined. After this happened three times, he finally accepted the decree and entered to perform the bow of homage. Because of this, Zi Chan disliked his character and placed him in a position below his own. Zi Chan established regulations for the capital and outlying districts, set standards for ranks from high to low, demarcated fields with ditches, and organized households around wells into groups of five. For those among the great clans who were loyal and frugal, he followed their example and gave them support; for those who were arrogant and extravagant, he let them fall into decline. Feng Juan was about to hold a sacrifice and requested land. He did not grant the request, saying: "Only the ruler uses fresh sacrificial victims; common people are provided with what is sufficient." Zi Zhang became angry, withdrew and levied laborers. Zi Chan fled to Jin, but Zi Pi stopped him and expelled Feng Juan instead. Feng Juan fled to Jin. Zi Chan requested the return of Feng Juan's fields and fief, and after three years it was restored; he returned to his original fields, fief, and income. After one year in office, the common people recited: "They took our clothes and hats to store away, divided up our fields into groups." "Whoever kills Zi Chan, I shall join him in death!" After three years, they recited again: "I have sons and younger brothers; Zi Chan taught them." "I have fields; Zi Chan cultivated them for me." "If Zi Chan were to die, who would succeed him?"
|
