Wǔ Shìyuē (武士彠; 559–635 CE) was the father of
Wu Zetian, the only woman in the history of China to assume the title of Empress Regnant. Posthumously honored with the title of
King Zhongxiao, Wu was the son of Wu Hua and became a timber merchant. He was also known as the
Duke of Ying and
King of Wei serving as army commander of Yingyang Prefecture during the final years of
Emperor Yang of Sui (r. 605–618 CE) and subsequently as Minister of Revenue and superintendent of Jingzhou City, Hubei during the reign of
Emperor Taizong of Tang (r. 627–649 CE).
Initially, Wu married a woman from the Xiangli family, who gave birth to two sons named Wu Yuanqing and Wu Yuanshuang. Later he remarried a woman from the noble Yang family of the Hong Nong region. She was daughter, niece, and sister to several ministers and a close relation of the imperial family. By her, Wu had three daughters: Wu Shun (later the Lady of Han), Wu Zhao (Empress Wu Zetian) and the Lady of Guo.
After Wu died in 635 CE, his two sons were rude to their stepmother; after Wu Zetian came to power, she banished her half-brothers from the imperial court. At the same time she named her sister Lady of Han's son Helan Minzhi as heir to her father. However, Wu Zetian became displeased with Helan Minzhi's conduct and sent him into exile where he died. Thereafter she recalled Wu Yuanshuang's son Wu Chengsi from exile and made him Wu Shiyue's successor.
Posthumously, Wu Shiyue ("yue" being an alternate reading of 彠, and is considered to be the correct one) received the titles of Zhou Zhongxiao Emperor and Supreme Founding Emperor of the Southern Zhou Dynasty (690–705).
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This article is based on a translation of Chinese Wikipedia.
The text above has been excerpted automatically from Wikipedia - please correct any errors in the
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武士获(577年 - 635年),字
信明,隋末唐初官员,是随
李渊在晋阳起兵的功臣,亦是中国唯一的女皇帝
武则天的父亲,死后諡号魏忠孝王。
Read more...: 生平 子女 名字 读音 避讳 陵墓
生平
武士获的父亲是武华。出身于商人世家,喜欢结交。隋朝大业末年。武士获曾为鹰扬府队正。李渊屯守汾、晋之地时,曾在其家休憩。后李渊留守太原,引为行军司铠参军。
李渊募集兵士,以刘弘基和长孙顺德统领。这引起了王威、高君雅的怀疑。他们私下对武士获说:唐公所募兵壮,尽付刘宏基、长孙顺德统管,我等不能干预。为何?武士获知来者不善,便说:所募新兵,素乏训练,今委以专人,乃治兵之常法!且唐公为今之勋威,受委重责,恐无暧昧之情。王威半信半疑,又提出:「弘基等皆背征三卫,罪当死,奈何授之兵?吾且劾系之。(这刘宏基、长孙顺德都是徵高丽的逃兵,应按律逮问。)武士获则回答:「此皆唐公(李渊)客,若尔,必大有嫌。(此二人乃唐公李渊之客,而非唐公族人,且曾为皇上侍卫,当此用人之际,启用也不妨,若按治二人,必使唐公不悦,方可堪忧。所以王威等疑不发(王威一向畏惧唐公李渊威仪,听这么一说,就不敢动了。)。当时司兵参军田德平欲劝王威弹劾李渊募兵的情况,武士获胁谓说:「讨捕兵悉隶唐公,威、君雅无与,徒寄坐耳,何能为?」田德平亦止。(田德平也建议王威查查募兵的状况,也给武士获劝止了。事情摆平,武士获就将王威等人之言告诉李渊,使李渊有了防备,这是大功一件。)武士获力劝李渊起事,别再犹豫,并假托听到空中:有称唐公为天子者。俱以手扪日月。武士获又将自己所撰的兵书献给李渊,李渊大欢,意以自负。
晋阳起兵开始,武士获不与谋也。以大将军府铠曹参军从平京师,为库部郎中、光禄大夫、义原郡公。以晋阳起兵有功,可恕一次死罪。武士获曾说梦见李渊骑马而登天,李渊笑道:「尔故王威党也,以能罢系刘弘基等,其意可录,且尝礼我,故酬汝以官。今胡迂妄媚我邪?」
武德元年(618年),便以二等开国功臣得授金紫光禄大夫(正三品),封太原郡公。武德中,又升工部尚书,判六尚书,赐实封八百户,面对殊荣,武士获「固辞不受,前后三让,方遂所陈」。后加封应国公,世袭国公。
贞观元年(627年),利州都督李孝常因谋反被处决。武士获在此后出任利州都督。贞观五年(631年)十月己亥,武士获以利州都督身份与他人上表请求唐太宗封禅,太宗没有同意。武士获后又任荆州都督。贞观九年武士获逝世,享年七十六岁。后追赠礼部尚书,谥曰定。
子女
起初,他娶相里氏为妻,生子武元庆、武元爽。后来再婚娶杨氏,生有三女,长女武顺,次女即女皇武则天以及三女郭孝慎夫人武氏。由于两个儿子在他死后对后母杨氏无礼,武则天便贬谪两位兄长,并以姊姊韩国夫人武顺之子贺兰敏之为武士获的后嗣。然而贺兰敏之也行为不检,引起武则天反感,流放而死,之后遂召回元爽之子武承嗣做武士获的继承人。
武士获死后,次女武则天入宫。唐高宗永徽中,因为武则天为皇后的缘故,追赠并州都督、司徒、周国公。咸亨中,加赠太尉兼太子太师、太原郡王,配享唐高祖庙廷,列功臣上。武则天临朝,又尊为忠孝太皇,建崇先府,置官属,追王五世。武则天称帝后,东都洛阳立武氏七庙,追册为帝,为太祖无上孝明高皇帝。诸妣皆随帝号曰皇后。武士获的墓葬尊为的昊陵,昊陵就是攀龙台。先天中,有诏削帝号,仍为太原王,庙遂废。
名字
读音
获在古汉语中是一个多音字,既可以是zh-hans:yuē;zh-hk:yuē;zh-tw:ㄩㄝ也可以是zh-hans:huò;zh-hk:huò;zh-tw:ㄏㄨㄛˋ,王永平认为武士获的「获」字应该读zh-hans:yuē;zh-hk:yuē;zh-tw:ㄩㄝ,理由有二:
• 一:古籍里如《资治通鉴音注》和《太平御览》中,凡是提到武士获名字的地方,都注音为「约」,即zh-hans:yuē;zh-hk:yuē;zh-tw:ㄩㄝ之音
• 二:古人起名和字一般都有一定的讲究,名和字之意应该是相对应的,「获」应该是借用了「尺度」之意,表示「士之有规矩、有法度」或是「有规矩、有法度之士」,这和他的字「信」是有相对应的意思在里面的。
避讳
由于武士获的女儿武则天成为皇后,孙处约和韦仁约因名字读音类似武士获,为避讳,改以字行。
陵墓
天授元年武则天称帝,追封武士获为孝明高皇帝,其墓为昊陵,在今山西省文水县。武则天母杨氏的墓地称为顺陵。
The text above has been excerpted automatically from Wikipedia - please correct any errors in the
original article.