Wen Qin (died February or March 258), courtesy name
Zhongruo, was a Chinese military general and politician of the state of
Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China. He served as the Inspector of Yang Province during the reign of the third Wei emperor,
Cao Fang. In 254, when the Wei regent
Sima Shi, who effectively controlled the Wei government, deposed Cao Fang and replaced him with
Cao Mao, Wen Qin was deeply displeased because his loyalty was to the Wei emperor and not the Sima family. In the following year, he and another Wei general,
Guanqiu Jian, started a rebellion in Shouchun (present-day Shou County, Anhui) against Sima Shi. However, Sima Shi managed to suppress the rebellion within months; Guanqiu Jian was killed while Wen Qin and his family escaped and defected to Wei's rival state,
Eastern Wu. In 257, when another Wei general
Zhuge Dan started a rebellion in Shouchun against the Wei regent
Sima Zhao (Sima Shi's brother and successor), Wen Qin and some Wu forces came to Shouchun to support Zhuge Dan. Sima Zhao led Wei forces to besiege Shouchun and the siege dragged on until early 258. As the situation became more dire, relations between Wen Qin and Zhuge Dan deteriorated, especially since they did not trust each other before. Zhuge Dan eventually had Wen Qin executed. Wen Qin's sons, Wen Yang and Wen Hu , fled from Shouchun and surrendered to Sima Zhao.
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文钦3世纪? - 258年,字
仲若,豫州谯郡人,
曹魏前将军、扬州刺史、山桑侯,
东吴谯侯。
Read more...: 生平 合肥新城之战 寿春三叛 家庭 父 子 评价
生平
建安二十四年(219年),魏讽谋反,文钦因受到牵连被下狱治罪,按律应当处死,但曹操念及他是部将文稷之子所以赦免了他。
魏明帝时任五营校督,后来出任牙门将,转任庐江太守、鹰扬将军,寻加冠军将军。魏齐王时为前将军,代诸葛诞为扬州刺史。
文钦和曹爽同乡,文钦勇敢果断,数有战功,所以受曹爽器重,曹爽被杀后,文钦内心十分恐惧。由于文钦喜欢虚报俘虏人数,渴望获赏,但受司马师遏制。因此怨念也越来越重。镇东将军毌丘俭和夏侯玄、李丰感情很好,夏侯玄等人被杀后,毌丘俭内心也很不安,便依照自己的策划,拉拢、厚待文钦,于是两人关系越来越融洽。文钦心存感激,对毌丘俭忠心无贰。
嘉平二年(250年)十月,时任庐江太守的文钦假装叛离曹魏,诱惑东吴偏将军朱异,谋划让朱异亲自领兵迎接他。朱异知道有诈,就给上表章给孙权,认为不能接纳文钦。孙权说:「如今尚未统一北方,文钦想要归降,就应该去迎接。如果怀疑诈降,只要设计网罗,发重兵防备就好。」于是派遣偏将军吕据领二万军马与朱异一起前往北部边界,文钦果然没来投降。
合肥新城之战
嘉平五年(253年)五月,东吴太傅诸葛恪包围合肥新城,毌丘俭与文钦联合抵御。太尉司马孚统领中军从东部解围,诸葛恪只好撤军。诸葛恪撤军时,遭文钦追击而大败,斩万馀人首级。
寿春三叛
正元二年(255年),出现几十丈长的彗星,经往西北天空。毌丘俭和文钦大喜,两人认为这是吉兆,于是假借太后拟诏,下诏细数大将军司马师的罪状,昭告天下,举兵反叛。于是司马师亲征毌丘俭,又派诸葛诞率豫州军从安风津逼近寿春、胡遵督青、徐州军从谯、宋出兵,断绝他们的归路、王基率前锋诸军在南顿据守,同时命令各路大军不可与毌丘俭交战。毌丘俭、文钦无法进攻,退军又怕寿春被袭击。淮南将士的家属都在北方,所以士气低落,投降的士兵越来越多,只有新归附的淮南农民愿意效忠。司马师派兖州刺史邓艾率领泰山诸军万馀人前往乐嘉城(今河南项城县),让他示弱来引诱毌丘俭、文钦他们出击,司马师大军则从汝阳潜行率军与邓艾会合。文钦不知道这是计,果然夜袭邓艾,天亮后,文钦见魏军兵马强盛,于是撤军。司马师派骁骑将军率领追击,大破文钦,文钦仓皇而逃。尹大目知道司马师病情严重,追赶文钦,试图劝解文钦要他再忍让几天,但遭文钦拒绝。毌丘俭得知文钦战败的消息后慌忙弃城,乘夜逃遁,后来被平民张属射杀,毌丘秀和毌丘重二人都逃往东吴。凡是被毌丘俭、文钦所胁迫的将士,都向曹魏投降。文钦逃到东吴,东吴任命文钦为都护、幽州牧、假节、镇北大将军,封谯侯。
甘露元年(256年),文钦向吴人游说讨伐魏国能得到的利益,孙峻派文钦与骠骑将军吕据、车骑将军刘纂、镇南将军朱异、前将军唐咨等人从江都进淮水、泗水,图谋攻取青州、徐州。
甘露二年(257年),诸葛诞起兵反魏,司马昭领兵讨伐,诸葛诞派儿子诸葛靓和长史吴纲及牙门诸将向东吴求救,东吴于是派唐咨、全怿、全端和王祚等人率军三万秘密与文钦接应诸葛诞,司马昭奉帝及太后讨诸葛诞。但翌年军情告急时文钦因军见不同(文钦打算让北方人都出城投降来节省粮食,只留他与吴军坚守,诸葛诞则反对),加上文钦平时就与诸葛诞有矛盾而被诸葛诞疑有叛心,文钦进见诸葛诞商讨事情时,诸葛诞就趁机杀害文钦,文钦的两位儿子文鸯、文虎听闻父亲被杀后便投奔回魏国。
家庭
父
• 文稷,建安年间为骑将。
子
• 文虎,曹魏关内侯。
• 文鸯,本名文俶,西晋东夷校尉。
评价
• 郑袤:毌丘俭好谋而不达事情,文钦勇而无算。《资治通鉴·卷七十六》
• 锺会:文钦唐咨,为国大害,叛主雠贼,还为戎首。《檄蜀文》
• 萧常:凌俭钦诞数子,不附司马氏而甘于一死,可谓忠于所事者。《续后汉书(萧常)·卷四十四》
• 卢弼:当时勤王诸将,惟文钦父子,粗猛武夫,反覆无常。《三国志集解》
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