Events of Ninkōs life

Early life

Before Ninkō's ascension to the Chrysanthemum Throne, his personal name (imina) was . He was born on 16 March 1800 and was the fourth son of Emperor Kōkaku, the only child of sixteen others to survive into adulthood. Ayahito was named as crown prince in 1809, having been adopted by his father's chief wife , also known as . His birth mother was one of his father's concubines named . Ayahito's Imperial Family lived with him in the Dairi of the Heian Palace.

Reign

Prince Ayahito was enthroned as Emperor on 31 October 1817, after his father retired from the throne. Following his father the Retired Emperor's wishes, he attempted to revive certain court rituals and practices. These included, among other things, restoring the title tennō, which identified the Emperor. Among Ninkō's innovations was the establishment of the Gakushūsho (the predecessor of the Gakushūin) for the Court Nobility just outside the Imperial Palace. One major event during his reign was the Tenpō famine which lasted from 1833 to 1837. The famine was most severe in northern Honshū and was caused by flooding and cold weather. Ninkō's reign also saw some deterioration of the Shōgun's power. The Tenpō famine and other concurring natural disasters hit hard, and shook the faith of the people in the ruling Shōgun. In 1837, Ōshio Heihachirō led a revolt in Osaka against corrupt officials who refused to help feed the impoverished residents of the city. That same year also had an incident take place where an American merchant vessel was driven away by coastal artillery. While order was eventually restored, long term resentment resonated with the commoners against the ruling government. It is unclear though what role, if any, the Emperor played during this period of unrest.

Emperor Ninkō died on 21 February 1846 and was enshrined in the Imperial mausoleum, , which is at Sennyū-ji in Higashiyama-ku, Kyoto. Also enshrined in Tsuki no wa no misasagi, at Sennyū-ji are this Emperor's immediate Imperial predecessors since Emperor Go-Mizunoo – Meishō, Go-Kōmyō, Go-Sai, Reigen, Higashiyama, Nakamikado, Sakuramachi, Momozono, Go-Sakuramachi, Go-Momozono and Kōkaku. The shrine complex also encompasses the misasagi of Ninkō's immediate successor – Kōmei. Empress Dowager Yoshikō is also entombed at this Imperial mausoleum complex.

Eras and Kugyō

The years of Ninkō's reign are more specifically identified by more than one era name or nengō. While is a collective term for the very few most powerful men attached to the court of the Emperor of Japan in pre-Meiji eras. Even during those years in which the court's actual influence outside the palace walls was minimal, the hierarchic organization persisted.

The following eras occurred during Ninkō's reign:

• Bunka (1804–1818)

• Bunsei (1818–1830)

• Tenpō (1830–1844)

• Kōka (1844–1848)

During Ninkō's reign, this apex of the Daijō-kan included:

• Kampaku, Ichijō Tadayoshi, 1814–1823

• ''Kampaku, Takatsukasa Masamichi, 1823–1856

• Sadaijin

• Udaijin

• Naidaijin

• Dainagon

Genealogy

Emperor Ninkō's family included 7 sons and 8 daughters from various concubines, but only the future Emperor Komei (Komei-tennō), Princess Sumiko (Sumiko-naishinnō) and Princess Chikako (Chikako-naishinnō) survived beyond childhood.

Spouse

Concubines

Issue

Ancestry

简历

1809年，由中宫欣子内亲王（新清和院）收为养子，正式册封为太子。1817年由父皇让位，成为天皇。他沿袭光格天皇的志向，恢复朝廷仪式，尤其是恢复已断绝了近千年的汉风諡号，諡其父「光格」二字。此外，他鼓励学术研究，1847年，即仁孝天皇驾崩隔年，遵循其遗志在御所建春门外建立学习所以供公家讲学，后由孝明天皇赐名为「学习院」（京都学习院），为1877年明治天皇下令设立皇族与华族教育机关「学习院」的前身。

1846年过世，葬于京都府京都市东山区今熊野泉山泉涌寺内的后月轮陵。

世系图

光格天皇第四皇子，生母为大纳言劝修寺经逸之女劝修寺婧子（东京极院）。养母为中宫欣子内亲王（后桃园天皇的第一皇女，新清和院）。

后妃、子女

• 赠皇后：鹰司系子（新皇嘉门院）（1798-1823） - 关白鹰司政熙之女

　• 第一皇子：安仁亲王（1820-1821）

　• 第一皇女：慈悲心院宫（1823）

• 女御：鹰司祺子（新朔平门院）（1811-1847） - 鹰司政熙之女、鹰司系子之妹

　• 第四皇女：摩尼珠院宫（1829-1831）

• 典侍：正亲町雅子（新待贤门院）（1803-1856） - 正亲町实光（正二位权大纳言）

　• 第二皇子：熔宫（1825-1826）

　• 第四皇子：统仁亲王（孝明天皇）（1831-1867）

　• 第六皇子：节仁亲王（第十代桂宫）（1833-1836）

　• 第七皇女：恭宫（1837-1838）

• 典侍：甘露寺妍子（1806-1851） - 甘露寺国长（从一位权大纳言、武家传奏）

　• 第二皇女：成宫（1825-1826）

　• 第三皇女：淑子内亲王（第十一代桂宫）（1829-1881）

　• 第三皇子：三宫（1830-1831）

　• 第五皇女：总宫（1832-1833）

　• 第六皇女：经宫（1836）

• 典侍：桥本经子（1826-1865） - 桥本实久（羽林家桥本家的当主、正二位权大纳言）之女

　• 第七皇子：胤宫（1844-1845）

　• 第八皇女：亲子内亲王（皇女和宫）（1846-1877）

• 典侍：中山绩子（1795-1875） - 中山爱亲（正二位权大纳言）之女

• 掌侍：今城媋子（1809-1875） - 今城定成之女

　• 第五皇子：常寂光院宫（1832）

• 犹子

　• 贞教亲王（伏见宫）、炽仁亲王（有栖川宫）、朝彦亲王（久迩宫）、彰仁亲王（小松宫）、能久亲王（北白川宫）

在位期间年号

• 文化：1804年3月22日 - 1818年5月26日

• 文政：1818年5月26日 - 1831年1月23日

• 天保：1831年1月23日 - 1845年1月9日

• 弘化：1845年1月9日 - 1848年4月1日