Chinese Text Project Dictionary

Chinese Text Project	Chinese Text Project
	Simplified Chinese version

Song-Ming -> 朱子语类 -> 程子之书二 -> 44

问：“未发之前，当戒慎恐惧，提撕警觉，则亦是知觉。而伊川谓‘既有知觉，却是动’，何也？”曰：“未发之前，须常恁地醒，不是瞑然不省。若瞑然不省，则道理何在？成甚么‘大本’？”曰：“常醒，便是知觉否？”曰：“固是知觉。”曰：“知觉便是动否？”曰：“固是动。”曰：“何以谓之未发？”曰：“未发之前，不是瞑然不省，怎生说做静得？然知觉虽是动，不害其为未动。若喜怒哀乐，则又别也。”曰：“恐此处知觉虽是动，而喜怒哀乐却未发否？”先生首肯曰：“是。下面说‘复见天地之心’，说得好。复一阳生，岂不是动？”曰：“一阳虽动，然未发生万物，便是喜怒哀乐未发否？”曰：“是。”淳

Character	Composition	Variants	Reading	Meaning	Hanyu	Kangxi	Cihai
问	口+8	𠳅问	wèn ㄨㄣˋ	Ask, inquire. / Investigate, look into. / Inquire after, give regards to. / Interrogate, question. / Visit (another states). / Research, investigate. / Give, present with. / Tell. / Sound. / Same as “闻(7)” wèn ㄨㄣˋ: Reputation, fame.	v7,p4284#03	p.195#10	p.279r3c03
未	木+1		wèi ㄨㄟˋ	not yet; 8th terrestrial branch	v2,p1150#01	p.509#05	p.665r4c01
发	癶+7	発发	fā fà bō ㄈㄚㄈㄚˋ ㄅㄛ	issue, dispatch, send out, emit	v4,p2761#04	p.784#10	p.925r2c01
之	丿+3	㞢	zhī ㄓ	Towards; go to. / Demonstrative pronoun: this, these. / Third person pronoun: him, her, it. / Auxiliary word: of. / Auxiliary word: used between subject and predicate, cancels independence of a clause. / Auxiliary word: used in a sentence for aesthetic purpose only, no meaning.	v1,p0043#01	p.82#04	p.47r2c02
前	刀+7	歬𣦃	qián ㄑㄧㄢˊ	in front, forward; preceding	v1,p0248#04	p.140#15	p.184r4c01
当	田+8	𤱭当当	dāng ㄉㄤ	Suit, match. / Comply, conform to. / Administer, be in charge of. / Take charge of. / Resist, oppose. / Equal to, equivalent. / Face towards. / Should, must. / At, of (some place or time). / Cast sentence. / Will.	v4,p2546#06	p.764#18	p.917r3c03
			dàng ㄉㄤˋ	Suitable, appropriate. / As, for the purpose of, in the capacity of. / Give as security. / Bottom, base.
			tǎng ㄊㄤˇ	If, supposing.
			cháng ㄔㄤˊ	Once, previously.
戒	戈+3	𢦬	jiè ㄐㄧㄝˋ	warn, caution, admonish	v2,p1400#05	p.412#05	p.552r2c01
慎	心+10	愼	shèn ㄕㄣˋ	act with care, be cautious	v4,p2336#02	p.398#26
恐	心+6	𢖶𢙢	kǒng ㄎㄨㄥˇ	fear; fearful, apprehensive	v4,p2289#08	p.384#08	p.529r3c03
惧	心+18	惧愳𢡔	jù ㄐㄩˋ	fear, be afraid of, dread	v4,p2371#07	p.408#43	p.549r5c07
提	手+9		tí dī dǐ shí ㄊㄧˊ ㄉㄧㄉㄧˇ ㄕˊ	hold in hand; lift in hand	v3,p1915#02	p.441#22	p.583r6c04
撕	手+12		sī xī ㄙㄒㄧ	rip, tear; buy cloth	v3,p1953#06	p.454#15	p.593r5c02
警	言+13	儆	jǐng ㄐㄧㄥˇ	guard, watch; alert, alarm	v6,p4017#04	p.1183#05	p.1255r6c02
觉	见+13	覚覐𧠭斍觉	jué jiào ㄐㄩㄝˊ ㄐㄧㄠˋ	to wake up from sleep; conscious	v6,p3675#08	p.1137#23	p.1231r4c06
则	刀+7	𠟻𠟭𠞋𠟔则	zé ㄗㄜˊ	Method, rule. / Mimic, emulate. / Level, grade. / Adverb used to emphasize an assertion. / Adverb used to express scope: only. / Connective expressing continuation: then, and then. / Connective emphasizing comparison. / Connective expressing contrast. / Connective expressing allowance: yet, even so. / Connective expressing unexpected turn of events. / Connective expressing suppostion: if.	v1,p0340#06	p.139#31	p.183r5c05
亦	亠+4	𠅃	yì ㄧˋ	Original character for 腋. / Also. / Just, merely. / Again. / Modal particle at the beginning or middle of a sentence. / Accumulate.	v1,p0281#03	p.88#09	p.78r2c02
是	日+5	昰𣆞	shì ㄕˋ	Straight. / Right, correct. / Believe accurate, affirm. / Demonstrative pronoun: this. / Be (copula). / Auxiliary word, used after moving forward the object.	v2,p1497#05	p.493#26	p.639r1c01
知	矢+3	𢇻𥎿	zhī ㄓ	Know, understand. / Perception. / Recognize. / Knowledge. / Know about, make sense of. / Be friendly with. / Control, get on top of.	v4,p2581#02	p.824#01	p.955r5c02
			zhì ㄓˋ	Wisdom.
而	而+0		ér ㄦˊ	Whiskers. / Like, similar to. / Pronoun: you. / Pronoun: this, like this. / Connective: and, with. / Connective: and, then. / Connective: if, supposing. / Connective: yet, however. / Connective: therefore, hence. / Connective: expresses method or state. / Particle: of. / Expressive particle.	v4,p2810#01	p.961#18	p.1080r2c03
			néng ㄋㄥˊ	Same as “能(3)” néng ㄋㄥˊ: Able to, competent. / Same as “能(2.1)” néng ㄋㄥˊ: Ability, talent.
伊	人+4	𦯴𠈽	yī ㄧ	third person pronoun; he, she, this, that	v1,p0126#09	p.95#15	p.90r1c01
川	巛+0	巛	chuān ㄔㄨㄢ	stream, river; flow; boil	v1,p0032#02	p.323#23	p.462r2c02
谓	言+9	谓	wèi ㄨㄟˋ	To (when speaking to someone). / Say, speak. / Call, name. / Meaning, what is meant. / Discuss, comment on (a person). / How? / Same as “为(21.3)” wèi ㄨㄟˋ: Preposition: because of, due to.	v6,p3997#06	p.1173#12	p.1251r6c01
			wéi ㄨㄟˊ	Same as “为(10)” wéi ㄨㄟˊ: Count as, be considered as.
既	无+5	旣	jì xì ㄐㄧˋ ㄒㄧˋ	already; de facto; since; then	v2,p1148#01	p.485#27	p.626r3c02
有	月+2		yǒu ㄧㄡˇ	Have, possess. / Store, collect. / Occupy. / Hold on to, retain. / Have in abundance. / Good harvest. / Obtain. / Only. / Be, exist. / Occur, happen. / Make. / Particle used before a noun with no meaning. / Particle used before a monosyllabic adjective with no meaning. / Particle used before a verb with no meaning. / Still, yet. / Some people. / Region.	v3,p2041#05	p.504#20	p.656r5c01
			yòu ㄧㄡˋ	Help, assist. / Same as “又(3)” yòu ㄧㄡˋ: Moreover.
却	卩+7	却	què ㄑㄩㄝˋ	still, but; decline; retreat	v1,p0317#02	p.159#28	p.227r5c01
动	力+9	㣫𨔝动	dòng ㄉㄨㄥˋ	move, happen; movement, action	v1,p0375#06	p.148#14	p.196r4c02
何	人+5		hé ㄏㄜˊ	Ask, enquire. / What. / Who, which one. / How, in what way. / Why, for what reason. / Where, in what place. / How much, to what extent.	v1,p0130#04	p.98#15	p.97r2c04
			hē ㄏㄜ	Criticize, condemn.
			hè ㄏㄜˋ	Carry on one's back. / Bear, carry a burden.
也	乙+2	𠃟匜	yě ㄧㄝˇ	Modal particle used at the end of a sentence, expressing assertion and affirmation. / Modal particle used at the end of a question for emphasis. / Modal particle used at the end of a cause-effect sentence to express explanation. / Modal particle used in the middle of a sentence to express a pause.	v1,p0050#05	p.84#04	p.55r1c01
曰	曰+0		yuē ㄩㄝ	Say, speak. / Call, name. / Particle.	v2,p1482#02	p.502#01	p.648r3c03
须	页+3	湏须	xū ㄒㄩ	must, have to, necessary; moment; whiskers	v7,p4358#01	p.1399#23	p.1475r4c02
常	巾+8		cháng ㄔㄤˊ	common, normal, frequent, regular	v1,p0744#01	p.333#12	p.477r2c01
恁	心+6		rèn ㄖㄣˋ	that, like this, thus, so, such	v4,p2291#03	p.383#16	p.528r4c07
地	土+3	埊𨻐埅𠏂嶳	dì de ㄉㄧˋ ㄉㄜ·	earth; soil, ground; region	v1,p0420#12	p.224#06	p.312r6c01
醒	酉+9	惺	xǐng xīng chéng jīng ㄒㄧㄥˇ ㄒㄧㄥㄔㄥˊ ㄐㄧㄥ	wake up; sober up; startle	v6,p3590#01	p.1285#20	p.1354r4c01
不	一+3	不𠀚𠙐	bù ㄅㄨˋ	Not have. / To not be. / Negational adverb, used before verbs, adjectives, etc. to indicate negation. / Negational adverb expressing prohibition: do not. / Negational adverb expressing rhetorical question: is not...?	v1,p0011#06	p.76#15	p.30r1c01
			fǒu ㄈㄡˇ	Same as “否(1.2)” fǒu ㄈㄡˇ: Adverb used together with an affirmative word, expressing its negative or opposite. / Same as “否(1.3)” fǒu ㄈㄡˇ: Adverb used at the end of a question to form a yes-no question.
			fū ㄈㄨ	Sepal of a flower.
			pī ㄆㄧ	Same as “丕(1)” pī ㄆㄧ: Large.
			bǐ ㄅㄧˇ	Show disdain for.
瞑	目+10		míng mǐng mián miàn méng ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄇㄧㄥˇ ㄇㄧㄢˊ ㄇㄧㄢˋ ㄇㄥˊ	close eyes	v4,p2508#02	p.815#08	p.953r3c05
然	火+8	燃𤓉	rán ㄖㄢˊ	Burn. / Demonstrative pronoun: like this, like that. / Expresses affirmation: true, indeed so. / Believe correct, affirm. / Adverb: actually, thus. / Connective: but, however, yet. / Particle used at the end of a sentence to express comparison. Like, as if. / Particle used after an adjective or adverb to express state. / Particle used at the end of a sentence to express affirmative mode.	v3,p2213#05	p.675#12	p.852r5c01
省	目+4	省𡮀䁞	shěng xiǎn xǐng ㄕㄥˇ ㄒㄧㄢˇ ㄒㄧㄥˇ	province; save, economize	v4,p2473#01	p.802#05	p.946r6c01
若	草+5	若𦱡𦱶𧁇	ruò ㄖㄨㄛˋ	Iris. / Same as “北海若” běi hǎi ruò ㄅㄟˇ ㄏㄞˇ ㄖㄨㄛˋ: Ruo, a god of the Northern Sea. / Go by, accord with. / Choose. / Like, similar to. / Identical, the same. / As good as, comparable to. / To, arrive at. / You, your. / This way, like this. / Regarding, as regards. / If, should it be the case. / Or, alternatively. / But, yet. / Adjectival suffix.	v5,p3187#07	p.1023#12	p.1130r1c03
道	辵+9	𨕥衟𡬹	dào ㄉㄠˋ	Road, path. / Journey. / Method. / Law, reason. / Doctrine, claim. / Skill, technique. / Principle, right way. / The Dao, the origin of all things in Daoism. / Speak, talk. / Take a course of action. / Take a course of action. / Rites paid to the spirit of roads. / Ancient administrative unit. / Daoism.	v6,p3864#01	p.1262#06	p.1326r3c02
			dǎo ㄉㄠˇ	Lead. / Flow smoothly.
理	玉+7	理	lǐ ㄌㄧˇ	reason, logic; manage	v2,p1115#13	p.733#04	p.895r5c01
在	土+3		zài ㄗㄞˋ	Exist, be alive. / Be in a certain place. / Inquire after, pay one's respects to. / Preposition: due to, being that. / Preposition: specifies location or time of an action - in, at.	v1,p0418#07	p.223#10	p.312r2c07
成	戈+2	𢦩	chéng ㄔㄥˊ	completed, finished, fixed	v2,p1399#01	p.411#11
甚	甘+4	什𠯕𥱅	shén shí shèn ㄕㄣˊ ㄕˊ ㄕㄣˋ	great extent; considerably	v1,p0025#05	p.754#06	p.906r4c01
么	麻+3	麽尛庅么	me mo mǒ ma ㄇㄜ· ㄇㄛ· ㄇㄛˇ ㄇㄚ·	interrogative final particle; insignificant, small, tiny	v7,p4724#03	p.1515#05	p.1553r2c01
大	大+0	𠘲	dà ㄉㄚˋ	Large, great. / Exceed, be greater than. / Venerate, treat as being great. / Many. / Thick, coarse. / Elder. / Respectful term of address. / Adverb expressing high level or broad range.	v1,p0520#01	p.248#01	p.342r3c03
			tài ㄊㄞˋ	Most (superlative). / Too much. / Peaceful, tranquil.
本	木+1	夲楍㮺𡴡	běn ㄅㄣˇ	root, origin, source; basis	v2,p1151#01	p.509#07	p.666r3c01
便	人+7	便	biàn pián ㄅㄧㄢˋ ㄆㄧㄢˊ	convenience, ease; expedient	v1,p0157#03	p.103#32	p.105r2c05
否	口+4	𠘶	fǒu ㄈㄡˇ	Adverb expressing negative response: no. / Adverb used together with an affirmative word, expressing its negative or opposite. / Adverb used at the end of a question to form a yes-no question.	v1,p0586#05	p.178#02	p.258r1c01
			pǐ ㄆㄧˇ	Blocked, unpassable. / Difficulties, adversity. / Evil, wrong.
固	囗+5	怘	gù ㄍㄨˋ	to become solid, solidify; strength	v1,p0716#09	p.218#03	p.302r5c04
以	人+3	㠯	yǐ ㄧˇ	Use. / Believe. / Command. / Lead. / Connect, implicate. / Have. / Cause, reason. / Preposition: because. / Preposition: from, in. / Preposition: at [some time]. / Preposition: using. / Preposition: in accordance with. / Preposition: relying upon. / Preposition: in the capacity of. / Preposition: with, together with. / Connective: indicates the following action is the objective of the preceding one. / Connective: used between adverbial clause and verb to express modification. / Connective: and. / Connective: but. / Connective: and so, thus. / Particle: used together with some words expressing direction and time. / Modal particle. / Same as “已(1)” yǐ ㄧˇ: Stop, discontinue. / Same as “已(7.2)” yǐ ㄧˇ: Adverb: already. / Same as “已(7.3)” yǐ ㄧˇ: Adverb: extremely.	v1,p0105#07	p.94#01	p.87r6c01
怎	心+5		zěn ㄗㄣˇ	what? why? how?	v4,p2280#10	p.379#17	p.528r3c05
生	生+0	𤯓	shēng ㄕㄥ	life, living, lifetime; birth	v4,p2575#01	p.754#26	p.906r5c03
说	言+7	説说	shuō ㄕㄨㄛ	Explain. / Tell. / Advocate. / Oath. / A type of writing expounding upon a canon.	v6,p3979#03	p.1164#08	p.1246r4c02
			shuì ㄕㄨㄟˋ	Recommend, persuade. / Stop.
			yuè ㄩㄝˋ	Same as “悦(1)” yuè ㄩㄝˋ: Happy, pleased, like. / To please.
做	人+9		zuò ㄗㄨㄛˋ	work, make; act	v1,p0186#18	p.110#29	p.120r2c07
静	靑+8	㣏静	jìng ㄐㄧㄥˋ	quiet, still, motionless; gentle	v6,p4049#01	p.1382#03	p.1463r3c02
得	彳+8	𢔶䙷𢔨	dé ㄉㄜˊ	Get, obtain. / Plunder. / Covet. / Success. / Fitting, appropriate. / Compatible. / Satisfied, pleased. / Possible, can. / Same as “德(1)” dé ㄉㄜˊ: Morals, morality. / Same as “德(3)” dé ㄉㄜˊ: Reward kindness, thank.	v2,p0828#03	p.367#31	p.513r6c02
虽	隹+9	𨾡虽	suī ㄙㄨㄟ	Type of insect. / Even, though, even if. / Only.	v6,p4103#05	p.1368#22	p.1440r6c01
害	宀+7		hài ㄏㄞˋ	Injure, kill. / Damage, obstruct. / Disaster. / Harm, harmful effect. / Fear. / Difficult path, dangerous area. / Jealous.	v2,p0929#05	p.286#12	p.419r5c01
			hé ㄏㄜˊ	What. / Why not.
			è ㄜˋ	Stop, prevent.
其	八+6	丌亓	qí ㄑㄧˊ	Third-person possessive pronoun: his, her, its, their. / Demonstrative pronoun: that, those. / Adverb expressing estimation or guess. / Adverb expressing imperative. / Adverb expressing rhetorical question. / Adverb expressing future tense. / Connective expressing hypothesis: if, supposing. / Connective expressing choice: or. / Connective expressing concession: even if. / Particle used after an adjective. / Particle: of. / Particle used for emphasis after single-character adjectives or onomatopoeia. / Particle used in the middle of a sentence to alter the tempo.	v1,p0245#01	p.127#18	p.162r5c01
			jì ㄐㄧˋ	Particle used after bi and he.
			jī ㄐㄧ	Modal particle expressing interrogative tone. / A year.
为	火+5	爲为	wéi ㄨㄟˊ	Create, make. / Build, construct. / Do. / Plant, grow. / Govern. / Research, study. / Serve as. / Change into, become. / As, in the role of. / Count as, be considered as. / Called, named. / Expresses judgement: is. / Make, cause (to). / Have. / Take part in. / Write, author. / Connective: if. / Particle used in the middle of a sentence to move forward the object. / Modal particle used at the end of a sentence to express a rhetorical question.	v3,p2198#11	p.669#10	p.844r4c03
			wèi ㄨㄟˋ	Help, assist. / Preposition: for, on behalf of. / Preposition: by (passive). / Preposition: because of, due to. / Preposition: with, together with. / Connective: because. / Say. / False, fake.
喜	口+9	憙憘𢐭歖	xǐ ㄒㄧˇ	like, love, enjoy; joyful thing	v1,p0649#02	p.199#05	p.283r6c03
怒	心+5	怒𢘂	nù ㄋㄨˋ	anger, rage, passion; angry	v4,p2282#03	p.380#08	p.525r5c06
哀	口+6		āi ㄞ	sad, mournful, pitiful; pity	v1,p0620#10	p.188#11	p.270r4c01
乐	木+11	樂乐	yuè ㄩㄝˋ	Music. / Perform, play music. / Musical instrument. / The (now lost) classic of music. / Musician. / Yue, a surname.	v2,p1280#16	p.548#20	p.715r4c03
			lè ㄌㄜˋ	Happiness. / Make happy. / Fondness for, liking of. / Happy to, willing to. / Tranquil, contented. / Music and debauchery. / Le, a surname.
又	又+0		yòu ㄧㄡˋ	Hand. / Again, once more. / Moreover. / And, while. Expresses two situations happening at once or sequential action. / And yet. Expresses contrast. / Offer wine. / Forgive.	v1,p0390#01	p.164#43	p.233r4c03
别	刀+5	𠔁别	bié ㄅㄧㄝˊ	separate, other; do not	v1,p0328#13	p.138#12	p.179r4c01
此	止+2		cǐ ㄘˇ	This. / Like this. / Here. / Adverb: then.	v2,p1438#03	p.574#10	p.735r4c01
处	虍+5	処䖏处	chǔ ㄔㄨˇ	Stay, reside. / Settle. / Be in, located in. / Retire. / Appoint, serve in office. / Stop, rest. / Remain, stay. / Implement, carry out. / Handle, process. / Judge, form a judgement. / Decide, fix. / Distinguish, separate. / Standard, rule.	v4,p2822#12	p.1073#25	p.1183r5c02
			chù ㄔㄨˋ	Place, location. / Position, role.
先	儿+4		xiān ㄒㄧㄢ	first, former, previous	v1,p0267#02	p.124#05	p.134r3c02
首	首+0	𩠐𥃻	shǒu ㄕㄡˇ	head; first; leader, chief; a poem	v7,p4500#01	p.1427#32	p.1495r2c04
肯	肉+4	肻𣍟	kěn ㄎㄣˇ	willing; consent to, permit	v3,p2048#04	p.976#01	p.1090r3c03
下	一+2	丅厥𠄟	xià ㄒㄧㄚˋ	under, underneath, below; down; inferior; bring down	v1,p0007#01	p.76#10	p.28r1c01
面	面+0	面	miàn ㄇㄧㄢˋ	face; surface; plane; side, dimension	v7,p4398#01	p.1383#07	p.1465r2c01
复	彳+9	覆𢕛𠣸复	fù fòu ㄈㄨˋ ㄈㄡˋ	return; repeat; repeatedly	v2,p0834#02	p.369#22	p.516r2c04
见	见+0	现见	jiàn ㄐㄧㄢˋ	See, catch sight of. / Feel, perceive. / Meet, come across. / Meet with, see. / Meet in battle. / Go to see. / Have come to see, have visit. / Grant an interview. / Recommend, introduce. / Introduce, present. / Hear. / Know, understand. / Experience, insight. / Intent, plan. / Used before a verb to indicate passive tense. / Used before a verb to indicate one is the receipient of anothers actions. / Particle used after a verb to indicate simultaneous action. / Coffin clothes. / Mix, mingle.	v6,p3663#01	p.1133#01	p.1229r1c01
			xiàn ㄒㄧㄢˋ	Appear, become visible. / Manifest, make evident. / Now, at present. / Existing, ready prepared.
天	大+1	𠀡𠀘𦴞兲靝𠕹	tiān ㄊㄧㄢ	sky, heaven; god, celestial	v1,p0522#01	p.248#04	p.358r4c01
心	心+0	㣺忄	xīn ㄒㄧㄣ	heart; mind, intelligence; soul	v4,p2267#01	p.375#01	p.521r1c01
好	女+3	𡥆𡚽𩐔	hǎo ㄏㄠˇ	Attractive appearance. / Wonderful, beautiful. / Healthy, fit. / Excellent. / Harmonious. / Complete. / In order to. / Adverb: very. / Adverb: many or long.	v2,p1028#01	p.255#11	p.378r1c03
			hào ㄏㄠˋ	Like, find pleasing. / Hole in a piece of jade or a coin..
一	一+0	弌壹	yī ㄧ	one; a, an; alone	v1,p0001#01	p.75#01	p.1r1c01
阳	阜+9	昜阦氜阳𨹈𨼘𨽐𣆄	yáng ㄧㄤˊ	'male' principle; light; sun	v6,p4144#03	p.1355#15	p.1429r3c02
岂	豆+3	岂	qǐ kǎi ㄑㄧˇ ㄎㄞˇ	how? what?	v6,p3565#04	p.1191#20	p.1261r1c01
万	禸+8	万卍㸘𤍚𢁭	wàn ㄨㄢˋ	ten thousand; innumerable	v5,p3247#08	p.1042#33	p.1149r4c02
物	牛+4		wù ㄨˋ	thing, substance, creature	v3,p1805#03	p.699#09	p.869r5c01
淳	水+8	湻𤂸	chún zhūn zhǔn ㄔㄨㄣˊ ㄓㄨㄣㄓㄨㄣˇ	honest, simple, unsophisticated; cyanogen; ethane dinitrile	v3,p1658#01	p.632#05	p.806r5c01

Enjoy this site? Please help.

Site design and content copyright 2006-2025. When quoting or citing information from this site, please link to the corresponding page or to http://ctext.org/ens. Please note that the use of automatic download software on this site is strictly prohibited, and that users of such software are automatically banned without warning to save bandwidth. 沪ICP备09015720号-3

Comments? Suggestions? Please raise them here.Do not click this link