Chinese Text Project Dictionary

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	Simplified Chinese version

Song-Ming -> 朱子语类 -> 历代一 -> 82

问井田阡陌。曰：“已前人都错看了。某尝考来，盖陌者，百也；阡者，千也。井田一夫百亩，则为遂，遂上有径，此是纵，为陌；十夫千亩，则为沟，沟上有畛，此是横，为阡。积此而往，百夫万亩，则为洫，洫上有涂，涂纵，又为陌；千夫十万亩，则为浍，浍上有道，道横，又为阡。商鞅开之，乃是当时井田既不存，便以此物为无用，一切破荡了。蔡泽传云‘商君决裂阡陌’，乃是如此，非谓变井田为阡陌也。”夔孙。僩录云：“人皆谓废古井田，开今阡陌云云。”

Character	Composition	Variants	Reading	Meaning	Hanyu	Kangxi	Cihai
问	口+8	𠳅问	wèn ㄨㄣˋ	Ask, inquire. / Investigate, look into. / Inquire after, give regards to. / Interrogate, question. / Visit (another states). / Research, investigate. / Give, present with. / Tell. / Sound. / Same as “闻(7)” wèn ㄨㄣˋ: Reputation, fame.	v7,p4284#03	p.195#10	p.279r3c03
井	二+2	丼	jǐng ㄐㄧㄥˇ	well, mine shaft, pit	v1,p0010#04	p.86#14	p.72r4c01
田	田+0		tián ㄊㄧㄢˊ	field, arable land, cultivated	v4,p2524#01	p.756#11	p.909r3c02
阡	阜+3	仟	qiān ㄑㄧㄢ	footpaths between fields; paths	v6,p4115#09	p.1345#16	p.1414r3c02
陌	阜+6		mò ㄇㄛˋ	foot path between rice fields	v6,p4125#05	p.1349#09	p.1421r2c01
曰	曰+0		yuē ㄩㄝ	Say, speak. / Call, name. / Particle.	v2,p1482#02	p.502#01	p.648r3c03
已	己+0		yǐ ㄧˇ	Stop, discontinue. / Complete / The past. / Recover, be cured. / Leave [a post], retire. / Value and carry out. / Adverb: shortly, before long. / Adverb: already. / Adverb: extremely. / Modal particle used at the end of a sentence. / Interjection. / Same as “以(1)” yǐ ㄧˇ: Use. / Same as “以(9)” yǐ ㄧˇ: Particle: used together with some words expressing direction and time.	v2,p0984#01	p.326#11	p.467r3c01
前	刀+7	歬𣦃	qián ㄑㄧㄢˊ	in front, forward; preceding	v1,p0248#04	p.140#15	p.184r4c01
人	人+0	𠔽亻	rén ㄖㄣˊ	Man, person. / Others, other people. / The people, ordinary men. / Talent, material. / [A man's] character. / Affairs of men, world of man. / Benevolence.	v1,p0101#10	p.91#01	p.80r2c01
都	邑+9	都𨛷	dū dōu ㄉㄨㄉㄡ	metropolis, capital; all, the whole; elegant, refined	v6,p3776#07	p.1274#09
错	金+8	䥘错	cuò cù xī ㄘㄨㄛˋ ㄘㄨˋ ㄒㄧ	error, blunder, mistake, wrong	v6,p4214#18	p.1312#12	p.1386r4c03
看	目+4		kàn kān ㄎㄢˋ ㄎㄢ	look, see; examine, scrutinize	v4,p2474#03	p.803#07	p.947r6c02
了	亅+1	了	le liǎo ㄌㄜ· ㄌㄧㄠˇ	to finish; particle of completed action	v1,p0048#06	p.85#11	p.58r1c02
某	木+5	梅厶	mǒu ㄇㄡˇ	certain thing or person	v2,p1177#04	p.519#01	p.686r1c01
尝	口+11	甞𨡔𠹉尝	cháng ㄔㄤˊ	taste; experience, experiment	v2,p1529#09	p.206#09	p.289r3c03
考	攴+2	考	kǎo káo ㄎㄠˇ ㄎㄠˊ	examine, test; investigate	v2,p1448#01	p.468#08	p.599r4c01
来	人+6	來来徕耒	lái ㄌㄞˊ	Wheat. / Come, approach, draw near. / Return. / Incur, lead to. / Will, in the future. / Since, from some time until now. / Approximate number. / Particle: used when the object of a sentence is moved forward to emphasize the object. / Particle used to alter tempo. / Modal particle expressing suggestion or encouragement.	v1,p0141#08	p.101#16	p.102r1c01
			lài ㄌㄞˋ	See 劳来.
盖	草+10	𤇁盖葢	gài gě hé ㄍㄞˋ ㄍㄜˇ ㄏㄜˊ	cover, hide, protect	v5,p3260#13	p.1051#12	p.1161r3c02
者	老+4		zhě ㄓㄜˇ	Pronoun used after verbs, adjectives, etc. in place of a person or thing. / Pronoun used after numbers in place of a thing. / Pronoun used after time or negation to express "when" or "if". / Expressive particle used in a declarative sentence after the subject. / Expressive particle used in a sentence after the subject to express cause or explanation.	v4,p2780#05	p.961#01	p.1080r1c01
			zhuó ㄓㄨㄛˊ	In, located in.
百	白+1	佰𦣻	bǎi bó mò ㄅㄞˇ ㄅㄛˊ ㄇㄛˋ	one hundred; numerous, many	v4,p2643#01	p.785#04	p.932r4c01
也	乙+2	𠃟匜	yě ㄧㄝˇ	Modal particle used at the end of a sentence, expressing assertion and affirmation. / Modal particle used at the end of a question for emphasis. / Modal particle used at the end of a cause-effect sentence to express explanation. / Modal particle used in the middle of a sentence to express a pause.	v1,p0050#05	p.84#04	p.55r1c01
千	十+1	仟	qiān ㄑㄧㄢ	thousand; many, numerous; very; (Cant.) a cheater, swindler	v1,p0059#01	p.155#19	p.212r5c01
一	一+0	弌壹	yī ㄧ	one; a, an; alone	v1,p0001#01	p.75#01	p.1r1c01
夫	大+1		fū ㄈㄨ	General term for adult men. / Adult labourers in particular. / Soldier. / Respectful term for a man. / Husband. / Unit of area equal to one hundred mu.	v1,p0521#01	p.248#11	p.367r2c01
			fú ㄈㄨˊ	Demonstrative pronoun: this, these. / Modal particle used at the start of a sentence for emphasis or to indicate an assertion. / Modal particle used in the middle of a sentence to soften the tone. / Modal particle used at the end of a sentence to express exclamation.
亩	田+5	畮𤱑畆亩	mǔ ㄇㄨˇ	Chinese land measure; fields	v4,p2538#03	p.761#14	p.913r4c01
则	刀+7	𠟻𠟭𠞋𠟔则	zé ㄗㄜˊ	Method, rule. / Mimic, emulate. / Level, grade. / Adverb used to emphasize an assertion. / Adverb used to express scope: only. / Connective expressing continuation: then, and then. / Connective emphasizing comparison. / Connective expressing contrast. / Connective expressing allowance: yet, even so. / Connective expressing unexpected turn of events. / Connective expressing suppostion: if.	v1,p0340#06	p.139#31	p.183r5c05
为	火+5	爲为	wéi ㄨㄟˊ	Create, make. / Build, construct. / Do. / Plant, grow. / Govern. / Research, study. / Serve as. / Change into, become. / As, in the role of. / Count as, be considered as. / Called, named. / Expresses judgement: is. / Make, cause (to). / Have. / Take part in. / Write, author. / Connective: if. / Particle used in the middle of a sentence to move forward the object. / Modal particle used at the end of a sentence to express a rhetorical question.	v3,p2198#11	p.669#10	p.844r4c03
			wèi ㄨㄟˋ	Help, assist. / Preposition: for, on behalf of. / Preposition: by (passive). / Preposition: because of, due to. / Preposition: with, together with. / Connective: because. / Say. / False, fake.
遂	辵+9	𨒉𨔱𨓸𨔲	suì ㄙㄨㄟˋ	Ditch between fields. / Waterway. / Pass through. / Succeed, go well. / Finished, past. / Grow up, bring up. / Favourable, as hoped. / Follow. / Not interfere with. / Advance. / Item used in archery. / Distant suburbs. / Adverb: finally, at last. / Adverb: and then, thereupon. / Part of a clock. / Distant, far off. / Name of a state in ancient China.	v6,p3862#03	p.1260#32	p.1328r5c01
			zhuì ㄓㄨㄟˋ	Fall.
上	一+2	丄𠄞	shàng ㄕㄤˋ	top; superior, highest; go up, send up	v1,p0005#04	p.76#07	p.24r2c01
有	月+2		yǒu ㄧㄡˇ	Have, possess. / Store, collect. / Occupy. / Hold on to, retain. / Have in abundance. / Good harvest. / Obtain. / Only. / Be, exist. / Occur, happen. / Make. / Particle used before a noun with no meaning. / Particle used before a monosyllabic adjective with no meaning. / Particle used before a verb with no meaning. / Still, yet. / Some people. / Region.	v3,p2041#05	p.504#20	p.656r5c01
			yòu ㄧㄡˋ	Help, assist. / Same as “又(3)” yòu ㄧㄡˋ: Moreover.
径	彳+7	俓劲径	jìng ㄐㄧㄥˋ	narrow path; diameter; direct	v2,p0824#07	p.367#19	p.513r3c01
此	止+2		cǐ ㄘˇ	This. / Like this. / Here. / Adverb: then.	v2,p1438#03	p.574#10	p.735r4c01
是	日+5	昰𣆞	shì ㄕˋ	Straight. / Right, correct. / Believe accurate, affirm. / Demonstrative pronoun: this. / Be (copula). / Auxiliary word, used after moving forward the object.	v2,p1497#05	p.493#26	p.639r1c01
纵	糸+11	𥾞纵	zòng zǒng sǒng cóng ㄗㄨㄥˋ ㄗㄨㄥˇ ㄙㄨㄥˇ ㄘㄨㄥˊ	indulge in, give free reign to	v5,p3445#02	p.935#31	p.1057r1c02
十	十+0	拾拾	shí ㄕˊ	ten, tenth; complete; perfect	v1,p0058#09	p.155#17	p.207r5c02
沟	水+10	沟	gōu gǎng kòu ㄍㄡㄍㄤˇ ㄎㄡˋ	ditch, drain, narrow waterway	v3,p1692#06	p.639#34	p.819r4c01
畛	田+5	𤱥	zhěn ㄓㄣˇ	border, boundary; raised path	v4,p2536#11	p.761#07	p.913r3c02
横	木+12	横	héng hèng ㄏㄥˊ ㄏㄥˋ	across, horizontal, lateral	v2,p1288#04	p.555#10	p.721r4c01
积	禾+11	积	jī ㄐㄧ	accumulate, store up, amass	v4,p2626#16	p.859#24	p.996r2c02
而	而+0		ér ㄦˊ	Whiskers. / Like, similar to. / Pronoun: you. / Pronoun: this, like this. / Connective: and, with. / Connective: and, then. / Connective: if, supposing. / Connective: yet, however. / Connective: therefore, hence. / Connective: expresses method or state. / Particle: of. / Expressive particle.	v4,p2810#01	p.961#18	p.1080r2c03
			néng ㄋㄥˊ	Same as “能(3)” néng ㄋㄥˊ: Able to, competent. / Same as “能(2.1)” néng ㄋㄥˊ: Ability, talent.
往	彳+5	徃𢔎𨓹	wǎng wàng ㄨㄤˇ ㄨㄤˋ	go, depart; past, formerly	v2,p0817#06	p.365#32	p.509r6c03
万	禸+8	万卍㸘𤍚𢁭	wàn ㄨㄢˋ	ten thousand; innumerable	v5,p3247#08	p.1042#33	p.1149r4c02
洫	水+6		xù yì ㄒㄩˋ ㄧˋ	to ditch; a moat	v3,p1611#02	p.621#22	p.789r5c01
涂	水+7	涂	tú ㄊㄨˊ	surname; name of certain rivers	v3,p1628#12	p.625#29	p.800r1c04
又	又+0		yòu ㄧㄡˋ	Hand. / Again, once more. / Moreover. / And, while. Expresses two situations happening at once or sequential action. / And yet. Expresses contrast. / Offer wine. / Forgive.	v1,p0390#01	p.164#43	p.233r4c03
浍	水+13	巜𣴯𣲸浍	kuài huì huá ㄎㄨㄞˋ ㄏㄨㄟˋ ㄏㄨㄚˊ	irrigation ditch, trench; river	v3,p1761#05	p.653#18	p.833r5c04
道	辵+9	𨕥衟𡬹	dào ㄉㄠˋ	Road, path. / Journey. / Method. / Law, reason. / Doctrine, claim. / Skill, technique. / Principle, right way. / The Dao, the origin of all things in Daoism. / Speak, talk. / Take a course of action. / Take a course of action. / Rites paid to the spirit of roads. / Ancient administrative unit. / Daoism.	v6,p3864#01	p.1262#06	p.1326r3c02
			dǎo ㄉㄠˇ	Lead. / Flow smoothly.
商	口+8	𡅟𠾃𡂦𠿧𡃬𡄚𠹧𧶜	shāng ㄕㄤ	commerce, business, trade	v1,p0288#06	p.194#32	p.278r1c03
鞅	革+5		yǎng yāng ㄧㄤˇ ㄧㄤ	leather strap over horse's neck	v7,p4331#01	p.1386#41	p.1466r6c05
开	门+4	𨴂𨵑开	kāi ㄎㄞ	open; initiate, begin, start	v7,p4286#02	p.1331#05	p.1405r4c01
之	丿+3	㞢	zhī ㄓ	Towards; go to. / Demonstrative pronoun: this, these. / Third person pronoun: him, her, it. / Auxiliary word: of. / Auxiliary word: used between subject and predicate, cancels independence of a clause. / Auxiliary word: used in a sentence for aesthetic purpose only, no meaning.	v1,p0043#01	p.82#04	p.47r2c02
乃	丿+1	廼𢏩𢎧乃𠄎𠧤	nǎi ㄋㄞˇ	Second person pronoun: you. / Demonstrative pronoun: like this, thus. / Adverb: expresses affirmation. / Adverb: expresses limiting of scope: only, just. / Adverb: and then. / Adverb: just. / Adverb: expresses two contradictory or contrasting states of affairs. / Adverb: expresses beginning, origin. / Connective: hence / Adverb: regarding, as for. / Connective: if. / Particle, no meaning.	v1,p0031#05	p.81#12	p.46r6c01
当	田+8	𤱭当当	dāng ㄉㄤ	Suit, match. / Comply, conform to. / Administer, be in charge of. / Take charge of. / Resist, oppose. / Equal to, equivalent. / Face towards. / Should, must. / At, of (some place or time). / Cast sentence. / Will.	v4,p2546#06	p.764#18	p.917r3c03
			dàng ㄉㄤˋ	Suitable, appropriate. / As, for the purpose of, in the capacity of. / Give as security. / Bottom, base.
			tǎng ㄊㄤˇ	If, supposing.
			cháng ㄔㄤˊ	Once, previously.
时	日+6	旹时	shí ㄕˊ	Season. / Unit of time equal to two hours. / [The passage of] time. / Time, times. / Age, period, epoch. / Occasion, opportune moment. / On time. / Then, at that time. / Always, constantly. / Same as “伺(1)” sì ㄙˋ: Wait until, wait for (a chance).	v2,p1505#05	p.494#22	p.639r3c04
既	无+5	旣	jì xì ㄐㄧˋ ㄒㄧˋ	already; de facto; since; then	v2,p1148#01	p.485#27	p.626r3c02
不	一+3	不𠀚𠙐	bù ㄅㄨˋ	Not have. / To not be. / Negational adverb, used before verbs, adjectives, etc. to indicate negation. / Negational adverb expressing prohibition: do not. / Negational adverb expressing rhetorical question: is not...?	v1,p0011#06	p.76#15	p.30r1c01
			fǒu ㄈㄡˇ	Same as “否(1.2)” fǒu ㄈㄡˇ: Adverb used together with an affirmative word, expressing its negative or opposite. / Same as “否(1.3)” fǒu ㄈㄡˇ: Adverb used at the end of a question to form a yes-no question.
			fū ㄈㄨ	Sepal of a flower.
			pī ㄆㄧ	Same as “丕(1)” pī ㄆㄧ: Large.
			bǐ ㄅㄧˇ	Show disdain for.
存	子+3	𠩯	cún ㄘㄨㄣˊ	exist, live, be; survive; remain	v2,p1009#07	p.278#02	p.398r3c01
便	人+7	便	biàn pián ㄅㄧㄢˋ ㄆㄧㄢˊ	convenience, ease; expedient	v1,p0157#03	p.103#32	p.105r2c05
以	人+3	㠯	yǐ ㄧˇ	Use. / Believe. / Command. / Lead. / Connect, implicate. / Have. / Cause, reason. / Preposition: because. / Preposition: from, in. / Preposition: at [some time]. / Preposition: using. / Preposition: in accordance with. / Preposition: relying upon. / Preposition: in the capacity of. / Preposition: with, together with. / Connective: indicates the following action is the objective of the preceding one. / Connective: used between adverbial clause and verb to express modification. / Connective: and. / Connective: but. / Connective: and so, thus. / Particle: used together with some words expressing direction and time. / Modal particle. / Same as “已(1)” yǐ ㄧˇ: Stop, discontinue. / Same as “已(7.2)” yǐ ㄧˇ: Adverb: already. / Same as “已(7.3)” yǐ ㄧˇ: Adverb: extremely.	v1,p0105#07	p.94#01	p.87r6c01
物	牛+4		wù ㄨˋ	thing, substance, creature	v3,p1805#03	p.699#09	p.869r5c01
无	火+8	𣟒𣚨𠘩无无	wú ㄨˊ	Not have. / Philosophical category referring to absence, non-existence, or vacuity. / Adverb expressing negation: not. / Adverb expressing questioning: or not. / Connective: regardless of. / Connective: even if. / Particle used at the beginning of a sentence, no meaning. / Do not. / Barren, uncultivated.	v3,p2211#15	p.673#26	p.848r2c04
用	用+0	𤰆𠛁	yòng ㄩㄥˋ	use, employ, apply, operate; use	v1,p0097#05	p.755#24	p.908r6c02
切	刀+2	切	qiē qiè qì ㄑㄧㄝㄑㄧㄝˋ ㄑㄧˋ	cut, mince, slice, carve	v1,p0320#05	p.136#09	p.176r5c01
破	石+5	𡲠	pò ㄆㄛˋ	break, ruin, destroy; rout	v4,p2426#03	p.829#28	p.964r1c04
荡	草+12	偒荡蘯荡	dàng tāng tàng ㄉㄤˋ ㄊㄤㄊㄤˋ	pond, pool; wash away, cleanse	v5,p3295#16	p.1058#42	p.1167r1c01
蔡	草+11	𣞖	cài sà cā ㄘㄞˋ ㄙㄚˋ ㄘㄚ	surname; species of tortoise	v5,p3282#10	p.1055#03	p.1164r5c02
泽	水+13	沢㚖泽	zé duó shì yì ㄗㄜˊ ㄉㄨㄛˊ ㄕˋ ㄧˋ	marsh, swamp; grace, brilliance; damp, moist; fertile	v3,p1757#01	p.652#44	p.834r1c02
传	人+11	传	chuán zhuàn ㄔㄨㄢˊ ㄓㄨㄢˋ	summon; propagate, transmit	v1,p0208#09	p.114#23	p.122r2c01
云	二+2	员云	yún ㄩㄣˊ	Old form of 云。 / Say, speak. / To be. / Have, posess. / Socialize, interact with. / Move. / Thus, like this. / If. / Particle used at the beginning, middle, or end of a sentence, no meaning. / Many.	v1,p0384#02	p.86#08	p.63r6c02
君	口+4	𠱩𠱭	jūn ㄐㄩㄣ	The son of heaven. / The ruler of a state. / Dafu (title). / To be ruler. / To rule, to govern.	v1,p0595#06	p.177#07	p.256r6c08
决	水+4	决	jué ㄐㄩㄝˊ	decide, determine, judge	v3,p1574#03	p.609#03	p.768r3c02
裂	衣+6	裂	liè liě ㄌㄧㄝˋ ㄌㄧㄝˇ	split, crack, break open; rend	v5,p3087#01	p.1116#18	p.1213r1c01
如	女+3		rú ㄖㄨˊ	Go to. / According to, in accordance with. / Like, similar to. / As good as, comparable to. / Should. / Or, alternatively. / If, should it be the case. / As for, as regards. / Adjectival suffix.	v2,p1025#09	p.255#21	p.378r5c02
非	非+0		fēi ㄈㄟ	Violate, go against (a rule). / Wrong, bad. / Not real, untrue. / Oppose, object to. / Slander, condemn. / Sarcasm, irony. / Absence of, not have. / Adverb: not, is not.	v6,p4086#01	p.1382#11	p.1463r6c02
			fěi ㄈㄟˇ	Same as “诽(2)” fěi ㄈㄟˇ: Slander.
谓	言+9	谓	wèi ㄨㄟˋ	To (when speaking to someone). / Say, speak. / Call, name. / Meaning, what is meant. / Discuss, comment on (a person). / How? / Same as “为(21.3)” wèi ㄨㄟˋ: Preposition: because of, due to.	v6,p3997#06	p.1173#12	p.1251r6c01
			wéi ㄨㄟˊ	Same as “为(10)” wéi ㄨㄟˊ: Count as, be considered as.
变	言+16	変𢒟𢒪𢒦变	biàn ㄅㄧㄢˋ	Change, alteration. / Movement. / Adapt to, accommodate. / Event, incident. / Disaster. / Unusual event.	v2,p1481#07	p.1186#12	p.1257r6c06
夔	夊+19	𣦞	kuí ㄎㄨㄟˊ	one-legged monster; walrus	v2,p0872#03	p.245#28	p.342r3c01
孙	子+7	孙	sūn xùn ㄙㄨㄣㄒㄩㄣˋ	grandchild, descendent; surname	v2,p1016#05	p.279#23	p.401r6c02
僩	人+12		xiàn ㄒㄧㄢˋ	courageous; martial; dignified	v1,p0222#08	p.117#19	p.127r1c03
录	金+8	録录	lù ㄌㄨˋ	copy, write down, record	v6,p4227#09	p.1309#11	p.1383r2c04
皆	白+4		jiē ㄐㄧㄝ	all, every, everybody	v4,p2647#01	p.786#12	p.735r5c01
废	广+12	廃废	fèi ㄈㄟˋ	abrogate, terminate, discard	v2,p0903#10	p.351#02	p.493r3c02
古	口+2	𠖠𡇣	gǔ ㄍㄨˇ	old, classic, ancient	v1,p0568#03	p.171#08	p.240r1c02
今	人+2		jīn ㄐㄧㄣ	now, today, modern era	v1,p0105#05	p.91#18	p.83r5c02

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