Chinese Text Project Dictionary

Chinese Text Project	Chinese Text Project
	Simplified Chinese version

Wei, Jin, and North-South -> 颜氏家训 -> 书证 -> 40

或问：“一夜何故五更？更何所训？”答曰：“汉、魏以来，谓为甲夜、乙夜、丙夜、丁夜、戊夜，又云鼓，一鼓、二鼓、三鼓、四鼓、五鼓，亦云一更、二更、三更、四更、五更，皆以五为节。西都赋亦云：‘卫以严更之署。’所以尔者，假令正月建寅，斗柄夕则指寅，晓则指午矣；自寅至午，凡历五辰。冬夏之月，虽复长短参差，然辰间辽阔，盈不过六，缩不至四，进退常在五者之间。更，历也，经也，故曰五更尔。”

Character	Composition	Variants	Reading	Meaning	Hanyu	Kangxi	Cihai
或	戈+4	𢈿	huò ㄏㄨㄛˋ	Pronoun: some, someone, something. / Have. / Sometimes. / Again. / Either, perhaps. / Expressive particle. / Confuse, be at a loss.	v2,p1402#08	p.412#18	p.552r5c01
问	口+8	𠳅问	wèn ㄨㄣˋ	Ask, inquire. / Investigate, look into. / Inquire after, give regards to. / Interrogate, question. / Visit (another states). / Research, investigate. / Give, present with. / Tell. / Sound. / Same as “闻(7)” wèn ㄨㄣˋ: Reputation, fame.	v7,p4284#03	p.195#10	p.279r3c03
一	一+0	弌壹	yī ㄧ	one; a, an; alone	v1,p0001#01	p.75#01	p.1r1c01
夜	夕+5	亱𡖍𠙑𠙇	yè ㄧㄝˋ	night, dark; in night; by night	v1,p0285#01	p.246#18	p.341r4c01
何	人+5		hé ㄏㄜˊ	Ask, enquire. / What. / Who, which one. / How, in what way. / Why, for what reason. / Where, in what place. / How much, to what extent.	v1,p0130#04	p.98#15	p.97r2c04
			hē ㄏㄜ	Criticize, condemn.
			hè ㄏㄜˋ	Carry on one's back. / Bear, carry a burden.
故	攴+5		gù ㄍㄨˋ	Cause. / State of affairs. / Event, incident. / Plot. / Old. / Past, original. / Death. / On purpose. / Originally. / Hence, thus.	v2,p1453#05	p.469#25	p.601r5c01
五	二+2	伍𠄡㐅	wǔ ㄨˇ	five; surname	v1,p0011#03	p.86#11	p.64r3c01
更	曰+3	更㪅	gèng gēng ㄍㄥˋ ㄍㄥ	more, still further, much more	v1,p0020#02	p.502#06	p.649r5c02
所	户+4	𢨷	suǒ ㄙㄨㄛˇ	Place. / Location. / A suitable place or location. / Measure word, used for counting buldings. / Used before a verb, creates a noun-like phrase. / If. Mainly used in oaths and curses. / Used together with 为 to indicate the passive tense. / Indicates an approximate number. / Number, number of times. / Meaning.	v3,p2259#01	p.415#16	p.556r1c01
训	言+3	𧥥驯训	xùn ㄒㄩㄣˋ	teach, instruct; exegesis	v6,p3942#02	p.1148#06	p.1237r6c04
答	竹+6	荅畣畗	dá dā ㄉㄚˊ ㄉㄚ	answer, reply; return; assent to	v5,p2968#01	p.883#13	p.1013r5c02
曰	曰+0		yuē ㄩㄝ	Say, speak. / Call, name. / Particle.	v2,p1482#02	p.502#01	p.648r3c03
汉	水+11	㵄𣶔汉	hàn tān ㄏㄢˋ ㄊㄢ	the Chinese people, Chinese language	v3,p1713#09	p.646#17	p.826r5c01
魏	鬼+8	巍	wèi wéi wēi ㄨㄟˋ ㄨㄟˊ ㄨㄟ	kingdom of Wei; surname	v7,p4434#10	p.1462#40	p.1523r2c03
以	人+3	㠯	yǐ ㄧˇ	Use. / Believe. / Command. / Lead. / Connect, implicate. / Have. / Cause, reason. / Preposition: because. / Preposition: from, in. / Preposition: at [some time]. / Preposition: using. / Preposition: in accordance with. / Preposition: relying upon. / Preposition: in the capacity of. / Preposition: with, together with. / Connective: indicates the following action is the objective of the preceding one. / Connective: used between adverbial clause and verb to express modification. / Connective: and. / Connective: but. / Connective: and so, thus. / Particle: used together with some words expressing direction and time. / Modal particle. / Same as “已(1)” yǐ ㄧˇ: Stop, discontinue. / Same as “已(7.2)” yǐ ㄧˇ: Adverb: already. / Same as “已(7.3)” yǐ ㄧˇ: Adverb: extremely.	v1,p0105#07	p.94#01	p.87r6c01
来	人+6	來来徕耒	lái ㄌㄞˊ	Wheat. / Come, approach, draw near. / Return. / Incur, lead to. / Will, in the future. / Since, from some time until now. / Approximate number. / Particle: used when the object of a sentence is moved forward to emphasize the object. / Particle used to alter tempo. / Modal particle expressing suggestion or encouragement.	v1,p0141#08	p.101#16	p.102r1c01
			lài ㄌㄞˋ	See 劳来.
谓	言+9	谓	wèi ㄨㄟˋ	To (when speaking to someone). / Say, speak. / Call, name. / Meaning, what is meant. / Discuss, comment on (a person). / How? / Same as “为(21.3)” wèi ㄨㄟˋ: Preposition: because of, due to.	v6,p3997#06	p.1173#12	p.1251r6c01
			wéi ㄨㄟˊ	Same as “为(10)” wéi ㄨㄟˊ: Count as, be considered as.
为	火+5	爲为	wéi ㄨㄟˊ	Create, make. / Build, construct. / Do. / Plant, grow. / Govern. / Research, study. / Serve as. / Change into, become. / As, in the role of. / Count as, be considered as. / Called, named. / Expresses judgement: is. / Make, cause (to). / Have. / Take part in. / Write, author. / Connective: if. / Particle used in the middle of a sentence to move forward the object. / Modal particle used at the end of a sentence to express a rhetorical question.	v3,p2198#11	p.669#10	p.844r4c03
			wèi ㄨㄟˋ	Help, assist. / Preposition: for, on behalf of. / Preposition: by (passive). / Preposition: because of, due to. / Preposition: with, together with. / Connective: because. / Say. / False, fake.
甲	田+0	𠇚𡴌	jiǎ ㄐㄧㄚˇ	armor, shell; fingernails; 1st heavenly stem	v4,p2525#01	p.758#01	p.910r3c01
乙	乙+0		yǐ ㄧˇ	second; 2nd heavenly stem	v1,p0047#04	p.83#15	p.48r2c02
丙	一+4		bǐng ㄅㄧㄥˇ	third; 3rd heavenly stem	v1,p0016#03	p.78#02	p.36r5c01
丁	一+1	𠆤	dīng zhēng ㄉㄧㄥㄓㄥ	male adult; robust, vigorous; 4th heavenly stem	v1,p0002#05	p.75#03	p.6r3c01
戊	戈+1		wù ㄨˋ	5th heavenly stem	v2,p1397#04	p.411#03	p.550r3c02
又	又+0		yòu ㄧㄡˋ	Hand. / Again, once more. / Moreover. / And, while. Expresses two situations happening at once or sequential action. / And yet. Expresses contrast. / Offer wine. / Forgive.	v1,p0390#01	p.164#43	p.233r4c03
云	二+2	员云	yún ㄩㄣˊ	Old form of 云。 / Say, speak. / To be. / Have, posess. / Socialize, interact with. / Move. / Thus, like this. / If. / Particle used at the beginning, middle, or end of a sentence, no meaning. / Many.	v1,p0384#02	p.86#08	p.63r6c02
鼓	鼓+0	皼𩉲皷鼔	gǔ ㄍㄨˇ	drum; beat, top, strike	v7,p4763#01	p.1526#01	p.1566r4c01
二	二+0	贰弍贰	èr ㄦˋ	two; twice	v1,p0002#01	p.86#01	p.58r6c01
三	一+2	叁弎	sān sàn ㄙㄢㄙㄢˋ	three	v1,p0004#03	p.76#05	p.11r2c01
四	囗+2	𦉭肆	sì ㄙˋ	four	v1,p0710#16	p.216#22	p.294r6c01
亦	亠+4	𠅃	yì ㄧˋ	Original character for 腋. / Also. / Just, merely. / Again. / Modal particle at the beginning or middle of a sentence. / Accumulate.	v1,p0281#03	p.88#09	p.78r2c02
皆	白+4		jiē ㄐㄧㄝ	all, every, everybody	v4,p2647#01	p.786#12	p.735r5c01
节	竹+7	罇卩节	jié jiē ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄐㄧㄝ	knot, node, joint; section	v5,p2976#04	p.891#24	p.1018r1c03
西	襾+0	覀𠧧㢴	xī ㄒㄧ	west(ern); westward, occident	v4,p2805#02	p.1128#10	p.1221r6c03
都	邑+9	都𨛷	dū dōu ㄉㄨㄉㄡ	metropolis, capital; all, the whole; elegant, refined	v6,p3776#07	p.1274#09
赋	贝+8	赋	fù ㄈㄨˋ	tax; give; endow; army; diffuse	v6,p3644#04	p.1210#03	p.1277r3c04
卫	行+9	衞卫	wèi ㄨㄟˋ	guard, protect, defend	v2,p0845#04	p.1109#29	p.1207r2c02
严	口+17	厳𡅾严	yán ㄧㄢˊ	strict, rigorous, rigid; stern	v1,p0702#02	p.214#07	p.293r3c05
之	丿+3	㞢	zhī ㄓ	Towards; go to. / Demonstrative pronoun: this, these. / Third person pronoun: him, her, it. / Auxiliary word: of. / Auxiliary word: used between subject and predicate, cancels independence of a clause. / Auxiliary word: used in a sentence for aesthetic purpose only, no meaning.	v1,p0043#01	p.82#04	p.47r2c02
署	网+8	颖	shǔ ㄕㄨˇ	public office	v4,p2918#05	p.948#37	p.1065r6c01
尔	爻+10	尔尔	ěr ㄦˇ	Second person pronoun: you. / Luxuriant growth of flowers. / Close, near. / Simple, easily understood. / Like this, in this way. / This, that. / Modal particle: merely. / Modal particle expressing statement. / Modal particle expressing affirmation. / Modal particle expressing questioning. / Suffix.	v1,p0027#01	p.691#04	p.864r6c01
者	老+4		zhě ㄓㄜˇ	Pronoun used after verbs, adjectives, etc. in place of a person or thing. / Pronoun used after numbers in place of a thing. / Pronoun used after time or negation to express "when" or "if". / Expressive particle used in a declarative sentence after the subject. / Expressive particle used in a sentence after the subject to express cause or explanation.	v4,p2780#05	p.961#01	p.1080r1c01
			zhuó ㄓㄨㄛˊ	In, located in.
假	人+9	仮	jiǎ jià xiá ㄐㄧㄚˇ ㄐㄧㄚˋ ㄒㄧㄚˊ	falsehood, deception; vacation	v1,p0196#02	p.110#03	p.116r1c02
令	人+3	令	lìng ㄌㄧㄥˋ	Order, decree / Drinking game. / Give an order, issue a command. / Cause, make. / Seasons. / Official title: top administrative official in a district. / Official title: central or local official in charge of a particular function. / Good, good looking. / Respectful term for another's family. / A short form of writing. / Words said out of politeness or diplomacy.	v1,p0111#10	p.93#12	p.87r2c01
			líng ㄌㄧㄥˊ	If. / Wagtail.
			lián ㄌㄧㄢˊ	Same as “令居” lián jū ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄩ: [Name of a place]
正	止+1	㱏𣥔𤴓𧾸	zhèng ㄓㄥˋ	Straight, not at an angle. / Appropriate. / Normal. / Decent, upstanding. / Fix, determine. / Govern, rule. / Set punishments. / Formal, primary. / Pure, unadulterated. / Son by one's official wife. / Luckily, fortuitously. / Expresses continuation of an action or state. / Officer. / Only. / Government, state affairs. / Prove, verify.	v2,p1436#01	p.574#02	p.732r5c02
			zhēng ㄓㄥ	First month in the Chinese calander. / Centre of a target. / Attack, punitive expedition.
月	月+0		yuè ㄩㄝˋ	moon; month; KangXi radical 74	v3,p2041#01	p.504#19	p.655r4c05
建	廴+6		jiàn ㄐㄧㄢˋ	build, establish, erect, found	v1,p0404#10	p.353#04	p.496r6c01
寅	宀+8	𦦚𡓵㝙𢁐𡩪	yín ㄧㄣˊ	to respect, reverence; respectfully; 3rd terrestrial branch	v2,p0936#16	p.288#05	p.423r6c01
斗	斗+0	𣂑㪷斗	dǒu dòu ㄉㄡˇ ㄉㄡˋ	Chinese peck; liquid measure	v3,p2252#01	p.477#24	p.612r3c02
柄	木+5	棅	bǐng bìng ㄅㄧㄥˇ ㄅㄧㄥˋ	handle, lever, knob; authority	v2,p1179#02	p.518#08	p.684r6c03
夕	夕+0		xī xì ㄒㄧㄒㄧˋ	evening, night, dusk; slanted	v2,p0859#01	p.246#01	p.336r4c01
则	刀+7	𠟻𠟭𠞋𠟔则	zé ㄗㄜˊ	Method, rule. / Mimic, emulate. / Level, grade. / Adverb used to emphasize an assertion. / Adverb used to express scope: only. / Connective expressing continuation: then, and then. / Connective emphasizing comparison. / Connective expressing contrast. / Connective expressing allowance: yet, even so. / Connective expressing unexpected turn of events. / Connective expressing suppostion: if.	v1,p0340#06	p.139#31	p.183r5c05
指	手+6	𢫾	zhǐ ㄓˇ	Finger. / Toe. / Point with one's finger. / Point towards, indicate. / Face towards. / Stand up, raise up. / Refer, denote. / Point out, raise. / Reprimand. / Intention, meaning.	v3,p1873#05	p.429#20	p.573r4c03
晓	日+12	暁晓	xiǎo ㄒㄧㄠˇ	dawn, daybreak; clear, explicit	v2,p1535#01	p.500#17	p.647r3c01
午	十+2		wǔ ㄨˇ	noon; 7th terrestrial branch	v1,p0406#01	p.156#04	p.214r4c01
矣	矢+2	𠤘	yǐ ㄧˇ	Modal particle used to express declaration. / Modal particle used to express exclamation. / Modal particle used to express an order or request.	v4,p2580#04	p.823#37	p.955r5c01
自	自+0	𦣹鼻	zì ㄗˋ	Oneself. / Begin, beginning. / From. / Originally. / Natural, naturally. / Supposing, if. / Even, even if.	v5,p3046#01	p.1000#07	p.1108r3c01
至	至+0	𦤳𦤴𦤵𡊏	zhì dié ㄓˋ ㄉㄧㄝˊ	reach, arrive; extremely, very	v4,p2814#01	p.1001#11	p.1111r3c04
凡	几+1	凢凣	fán ㄈㄢˊ	Summary. / Ordinary. / All, every. / In total. / Adverb: approximately. / Name of a state.	v1,p0276#03	p.134#02	p.170r4c02
历	止+12	历歴𡿌历	lì ㄌㄧˋ	take place, past, history	v2,p1445#09	p.577#14	p.739r3c01
辰	辰+0	辰𠩟𠨷𨑄	chén ㄔㄣˊ	early morning; 5th terrestrial branch	v6,p3606#01	p.1252#15	p.1310r5c01
冬	冫+3	鼕𣆼𣅈𠘀𠔙𠘗	dōng ㄉㄨㄥ	winter, 11th lunar month	v2,p0867#19	p.131#17	p.167r2c01
夏	夊+7	𡔰𠍺昰𡕾	xià jiǎ ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄐㄧㄚˇ	summer; great, grand, big	v2,p0869#10	p.245#12	p.335r1c08
虽	隹+9	𨾡虽	suī ㄙㄨㄟ	Type of insect. / Even, though, even if. / Only.	v6,p4103#05	p.1368#22	p.1440r6c01
复	彳+9	覆𢕛𠣸复	fù fòu ㄈㄨˋ ㄈㄡˋ	return; repeat; repeatedly	v2,p0834#02	p.369#22	p.516r2c04
长	长+0	镸𨱗𠤐𠑷𠔊𠑻𠑿𡕣长	cháng zhǎng zhàng ㄔㄤˊ ㄓㄤˇ ㄓㄤˋ	long; length; excel in; leader	v6,p4050#01	p.1328#07	p.1399r3c04
短	矢+7		duǎn ㄉㄨㄢˇ	short; brief; deficient, lacking	v4,p2584#03	p.824#33	p.956r4c04
参	厶+9	參𠫰朁叅薓参	cān sān shēn dēn cēn ㄘㄢㄙㄢㄕㄣㄉㄣㄘㄣ	take part in, intervene; ginseng	v1,p0387#23	p.164#28	p.232r4c05
差	工+7	嗟𢀩	chà chāi ㄔㄚˋ ㄔㄞ	to differ; different, wrong; nearly, almost; an officer	v1,p0413#04	p.326#02	p.466r4c01
然	火+8	燃𤓉	rán ㄖㄢˊ	Burn. / Demonstrative pronoun: like this, like that. / Expresses affirmation: true, indeed so. / Believe correct, affirm. / Adverb: actually, thus. / Connective: but, however, yet. / Particle used at the end of a sentence to express comparison. Like, as if. / Particle used after an adjective or adverb to express state. / Particle used at the end of a sentence to express affirmative mode.	v3,p2213#05	p.675#12	p.852r5c01
间	门+4	闲间	jiān jiàn jiǎn ㄐㄧㄢㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄐㄧㄢˇ	interval, space; place, between	v7,p4288#06	p.1333#01	p.1408r3c01
辽	辵+12	遼辽	liáo ㄌㄧㄠˊ	distant, far	v6,p3881#05	p.1265#24	p.1333r2c02
阔	门+9	濶阔	kuò ㄎㄨㄛˋ	broad, ample, wide; be apart	v7,p4310#01	p.1338#30	p.1411r1c03
盈	皿+4		yíng ㄧㄥˊ	fill; full, overflowing; surplus	v4,p2558#12	p.793#07	p.938r5c03
不	一+3	不𠀚𠙐	bù ㄅㄨˋ	Not have. / To not be. / Negational adverb, used before verbs, adjectives, etc. to indicate negation. / Negational adverb expressing prohibition: do not. / Negational adverb expressing rhetorical question: is not...?	v1,p0011#06	p.76#15	p.30r1c01
			fǒu ㄈㄡˇ	Same as “否(1.2)” fǒu ㄈㄡˇ: Adverb used together with an affirmative word, expressing its negative or opposite. / Same as “否(1.3)” fǒu ㄈㄡˇ: Adverb used at the end of a question to form a yes-no question.
			fū ㄈㄨ	Sepal of a flower.
			pī ㄆㄧ	Same as “丕(1)” pī ㄆㄧ: Large.
			bǐ ㄅㄧˇ	Show disdain for.
过	辵+9	过𨓺	guò ㄍㄨㄛˋ	Pass by, go by. / Exceed, go beyond. / Too much, excess. / Mistake, make a mistake. / Crime, commit a crime. / Lose. / Visit.	v6,p3849#08	p.1261#22	p.1325r2c01
			guō ㄍㄨㄛ	Name of a state in pre-Qin China.
六	八+2	六陆	liù lù ㄌㄧㄡˋ ㄌㄨˋ	number six	v1,p0241#09	p.127#01	p.154r5c01
缩	糸+11	缩	suō sù ㄙㄨㄛㄙㄨˋ	contract, draw in, reduce	v5,p3448#10	p.935#27	p.1056r5c04
进	辵+8	𨙟𨗃进	jìn ㄐㄧㄣˋ	advance, make progress, enter	v6,p3851#05	p.1259#30	p.1322r2c03
退	辵+6	𨓆𨑧𢓴𢓇𨔫	tuì ㄊㄨㄟˋ	step back, retreat, withdraw	v6,p3834#04	p.1256#14	p.1314r4c01
常	巾+8		cháng ㄔㄤˊ	common, normal, frequent, regular	v1,p0744#01	p.333#12	p.477r2c01
在	土+3		zài ㄗㄞˋ	Exist, be alive. / Be in a certain place. / Inquire after, pay one's respects to. / Preposition: due to, being that. / Preposition: specifies location or time of an action - in, at.	v1,p0418#07	p.223#10	p.312r2c07
也	乙+2	𠃟匜	yě ㄧㄝˇ	Modal particle used at the end of a sentence, expressing assertion and affirmation. / Modal particle used at the end of a question for emphasis. / Modal particle used at the end of a cause-effect sentence to express explanation. / Modal particle used in the middle of a sentence to express a pause.	v1,p0050#05	p.84#04	p.55r1c01
经	糸+7	経𦀇𤔕坕经	jīng jìng ㄐㄧㄥㄐㄧㄥˋ	classic works; pass through	v5,p3402#11	p.925#24	p.1045r5c01

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