| | 宣公十一... : |
十有一年春，王正月。 |
| | In the eleventh year of Shou [ruler's name], spring, the first month of the king.
|
| | 宣公十一... : |
夏，楚子、陳侯、鄭伯盟于辰陵。 |
| | In summer, Lord Chu, Marquis Chen, and Duke Zheng formed an alliance at Chenling.
|
| | 宣公十一... : |
公孫歸父會齊人伐莒。 |
| | Gongsun Guifu joined the Qi people in attacking Ju.
|
| | 宣公十一... : |
秋，晉侯會狄于櫕函。 |
| | In autumn, Duke Jin met with the Di at Shenhan.
|
| | 宣公十一... : |
冬，十月，楚人殺陳夏徵舒。此楚子也，其稱人何？貶。曷為貶？不與外討也。不與外討者，因其討乎外而不與也，雖內討亦不與也。曷為不與？實與而文不與。文曷為不與？諸侯之義，不得專討也。諸侯之義不得專討，則其曰實與之何？上無天子，下無方伯，天下諸侯有為無道者，臣弒君，子弒父，力能討之，則討之可也。 |
| | In winter, the tenth month, the Chu people killed Chen Xiazhengshu. This was Duke Chu. Why is he referred to as "the people of Chu"? It is a demotion in status. Why is it considered a demotion? Because it does not support external punitive expeditions. Not supporting an external punitive expedition means that one does not endorse a campaign launched against someone outside the state; even if the expedition is directed internally, it is still not endorsed. Why is there no endorsement? In reality, support was given, but in terms of wording, it was not endorsed. Why is there no endorsement in the wording? It is the principle of feudal lords that they may not launch punitive expeditions without authorization. If it is indeed the principle that feudal lords must not launch punitive expeditions on their own initiative, then what does it mean when we say "in reality, support was given"? When there is no Son of Heaven above and no regional hegemon below, among the feudal lords of the world who act without morality—ministers killing their rulers, sons killing their fathers—if one has the strength to launch a punitive expedition against them, then it is acceptable to do so.
|
| | 宣公十一... : |
丁亥，楚子入陳，納公孫甯、儀行父于陳。此皆大夫也，其言納何？納公黨與也。 |
| | On the Dinghai day, Duke Chu entered Chen and installed Gongsun Ning and Yixingfu in Chen. These were all high-ranking officials; why is the term "installed" used? It indicates support for their faction.
|
