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惠公入而背外內之賂。輿人誦之曰：「佞之見佞，果喪其田。詐之見詐，果喪其賂。得國而狃，終逢其咎。喪田不懲，禍亂其興。」既里、丕死，禍，公隕于韓。郭偃曰：「善哉！夫眾口禍福之門。是以君子省眾而動，監戒而謀，謀度而行，故無不濟。內謀外度，考省不倦，日考而習，戒備畢矣。」 |
| | Hui Gong entered and accepted bribes from both inside and outside. The common people recited, "When a flatterer meets another flatterer, indeed he loses his fields." "When a deceiver encounters another deceiver, indeed he loses his bribes." "He who gains the state and grows complacent will ultimately encounter misfortune." "Losing fields without punishment, calamity and disorder will arise." After Jili and Pi died, disaster struck; the ruler perished in Han. Guo Yan said, "Excellent!" "The many voices are the gate of misfortune and fortune." Therefore, a gentleman examines public opinion before acting, observes warnings to make plans, measures the situation before proceeding, and thus nothing fails. "Contemplating internally and measuring externally, examining without fatigue, daily reviewing and becoming familiar with it—thus complete preparedness is achieved."
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| | 晉語三: |
惠公即位，出共世子而改葬之，臭達于外。國人誦之曰：「貞之無報也。孰是人斯，而有是臭也？貞為不聽，信為不誠。國斯無刑，偷居倖生。不更厥貞，大命其傾。威兮懷兮，各聚爾有，以待所歸兮。猗兮違兮，心之哀兮。歲之二七，其靡有徵兮。若狄公子，吾是之依兮。鎮撫國家，為王妃兮。」郭偃曰：「甚哉，善之難也！君改葬共君以為榮也，而惡滋章。夫人美于中，必播于外，而越于民，民實戴之。惡亦如之。故行不可不慎也。必或知之，十四年，君之冢嗣其替乎？其數告于民矣。公子重耳其入乎？其魄兆于民矣。若入，必伯諸侯以見天子，其光耿于民矣。數，言之紀也。魄，意之術也。光，明之曜也。紀言以敘之，述意以導之，明曜以昭之。不至何待？欲先導者行乎，將至矣！」 |
| | Hui Gong ascended the throne, exiled the Crown Prince Gong, and reburied him; the stench reached outside. The people of the state recited: "There is no reward for loyalty." "Who is this person, and yet he has such a stench?" "Loyalty becomes unheeded, trust becomes insincere." "The state has no punishment; the wicked dwell in 侥幸 and live by chance." "If they do not change their loyalty, the great mandate will collapse." "Powerful and reverent, each gathers what he possesses, awaiting his destined return." "Ah, how distant! How sorrowful the heart is!" "In two cycles of seven years, there will be no sign of it." "If only the Di noble son were here, on whom I could rely!" "Stabilizing and pacifying the state, as a queen for the king." Guo Yan said: "How difficult it is to be good!" "The ruler reburied Gong Jun as an act of honor, yet evil grew more prominent." "If a person is virtuous within, it will surely spread outward and reach the people; the people indeed revere him." "Evil is also like this." "Therefore, one cannot be too careful in conduct." Someone must have known it. Fourteen years later, will the ruler's eldest heir be replaced? The numbers have already been revealed to the people. Will Gongzi Chonger enter [the state]? His spirit's omen has already appeared among the people. If he enters, he will surely become a hegemon among the feudal lords to present himself before the Son of Heaven; his glory will shine brightly upon the people. Numbers are the record of words. The spirit is the method of intention. Light is the brilliance of clarity. Record words to narrate, express intentions to guide, and illuminate with brightness to clarify. If it does not come, what else should we await? "He who wishes to lead the way will act; he is coming now!"
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| | 晉語三: |
惠公既殺里克而悔之，曰：「芮也，使寡人過殺我社稷之鎮。」郭偃聞之，曰：「不謀而諫者，冀芮也。不圖而殺者，君也。不謀而諫，不忠。不圖而殺，不祥。不忠，受君之罰。不祥，罹天之禍。受君之罰，死戮。罹天之禍，無後。志道者勿忘，將及矣！」及文公入，秦人殺冀芮而施之。 |
| | After Hui Gong had killed Li Ke and regretted it, he said: "Rui, you have caused me to wrongly kill the pillar of my state." Guo Yan heard this and said: "One who advises without planning is Ji Rui. "He who kills without deliberation is the ruler." "To advise without planning is disloyalty." "To kill without deliberation is an ill omen." "Disloyalty will be punished by the ruler." "An ill omen brings calamity from heaven." "Punished by the ruler, one meets death and disgrace." "Affected by heavenly calamity, there will be no descendants." "Those who take the path of righteousness must not forget; it is about to happen!" When Duke Wen entered, the Qin people killed Ji Rui and displayed his body.
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惠公既即位，乃背秦賂。使丕鄭聘于秦，且謝之。而殺里克，曰：「子殺二君與一大夫，為子君者，不亦難乎？」 |
| | After Hui Gong ascended the throne, he betrayed the gifts from Qin. He sent Pi Zheng to pay a courtesy visit to Qin and also to apologize. Yet he killed Li Ke, saying: "You have killed two rulers and a great official; for you to become ruler would not be difficult?"
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| | 晉語三: |
丕鄭如秦謝緩賂，乃謂穆公曰：「君厚問以召呂甥、郤稱、冀芮而止之，以師奉公子重耳，臣之屬內作，晉君必出。」穆公使泠至報問，且召三大夫。鄭也與客將行事，冀芮曰：「鄭之使薄而報厚，其言我于秦也，必使誘我。弗殺，必作難。」是故殺丕鄭及七輿大夫：共華、賈華、叔堅、騅歂、縲虎、特宮、山祁，皆里、丕之黨也。丕豹出奔秦。 |
| | Pi Zheng went to Qin to apologize for the delayed gifts and told Duke Mu: "If you send generous envoys to summon Lü Sheng, Xi Cheng, Ji Rui, and stop them, then with your army supporting Gongzi Chonger, if my faction rises up internally, the ruler of Jin will surely flee." Duke Mu sent Ling Zhi to respond with a message and summoned the three officials. Zheng acted together with his guests to carry out affairs, and Ji Rui said: "Zheng's envoy was humble but the reply from Qin was generous; when he spoke of us to Qin, he must have used words to entice them." "If we do not kill him, there will surely be trouble." Therefore, they killed Pi Zheng and seven other officials: Gong Hua, Jia Hua, Shu Jian, Zhuan Chuan, Lei Hu, Te Gong, Shan Qi; all were partisans of Jili and Pi. Pi Bao fled to Qin.
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丕鄭之自秦反也，聞里克死，見共華曰：「可以入乎？」共華曰：「二三子皆在而不及，子使于秦，可哉！」丕鄭入，君殺之。共賜謂共華曰：「子行乎？其及也！」共華曰：「夫子之入，吾謀也，將待也。」賜曰：「孰知之？」共華曰：「不可。知而背之不信，謀而困人不智，困而不死無勇。任大惡三，行將安入？子其行矣，我姑待死。」 |
| | When Pi Zheng returned from Qin, he heard that Li Ke had died and asked Gong Hua: "Is it possible to enter [the capital]?" Gong Hua said: "Your fellow officials are all here but were not chosen; you went as an envoy to Qin. Is that acceptable?" Pi Zheng entered, and the ruler killed him. Gong Ci said to Gong Hua: "Shall you go?" "It will catch up with you!" Gong Hua said: "The master's entry was my plan; I shall wait for it." Ci said: "Who knows about it?" Gong Hua said: "It cannot be done." "To know and yet betray is dishonesty; to plan and yet trap others is lack of wisdom; to be trapped and not die is lack of courage." "Carrying three great evils, how can one find a place to go?" "You had better leave; I will await death."
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丕鄭之子曰豹，出奔秦，謂穆公曰：「晉君大失其眾，背君賂，殺里克，而忌處者，眾固不說。今又殺臣之父及七輿大夫，此其黨半國矣。君若伐之，其君必出。」穆公曰：「失眾安能殺人？且夫禍唯無斃，足者不處，處者不足，勝敗若化。以禍為違，孰能出君？爾俟我！」 |
| | Pi Zheng's son, named Bao, fled to Qin and told Duke Mu: "The ruler of Jin has greatly lost the support of his people. He betrayed your gifts, killed Li Ke, and resents those who remain in power; naturally, the people are unhappy." "Now he has also killed my father and seven other officials; half the state is part of their faction. "If you attack him, his ruler will surely flee." Duke Mu said: "If he has lost the people's support, how can he kill others?" "And furthermore, disaster arises only when there is no end; those with enough do not dwell in hardship, while those who dwell in hardship have never had enough. Victory and defeat transform like changing seasons." "To regard disaster as something to avoid—how can anyone drive out the ruler?" "Wait for me!"
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| | 晉語三: |
晉饑，乞糴于秦。丕豹曰：「晉君無禮于君，眾莫不知。往年有難，今又薦饑。已失人，又失天，其有殃也多矣。君其伐之，勿予糴！」公曰：「寡人其君是惡，其民何罪？天殃流行，國家代有。補乏薦饑，道也，不可以廢道于天下。」謂公孫枝曰：「予之乎？」公孫枝曰：「君有施于晉君，晉君無施于其眾。今旱而聽于君，其天道也。君若弗予，而天予之。茍眾不說其君之不報也，則有辭矣。不若予之，以說其眾。眾說，必咎于其君。其君不聽，然後誅焉。雖欲御我，誰與？」是故泛舟于河，歸糴于晉。 |
| | Jin suffered from famine and requested grain purchases from Qin. Pi Bao said: "The ruler of Jin has been disrespectful to you, a fact known by all." "In previous years there was disaster; now famine strikes again. "He has already lost the people's favor and now loses Heaven's blessing; surely many calamities will follow." "You should attack him, do not allow grain purchases!" The duke said: "I despise his ruler; what crime have the people committed?" "Calamities from Heaven are widespread, and states take turns suffering them." "To provide for shortages during recurring famine is the way; we cannot abandon this principle before all under heaven." He said to Gongsun Zhi: "Shall we give it to them?" Gongsun Zhi said: "You have shown kindness to the ruler of Jin, but the ruler has shown no kindness to his people." "Now there is drought and they listen to you; this follows Heaven's way. "If you do not give it, Heaven will provide it for them." "If the people are dissatisfied with their ruler's failure to repay kindness, then they will have a just cause." "It is better to give it to them in order to satisfy their people." "If the people are satisfied, they will surely hold their ruler accountable." "If their ruler does not listen, then we may punish him afterward." "Even if they wish to resist us, who will support them?" Therefore, boats were sent down the Yellow River to provide grain for Jin.
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秦饑，公令河上輸之粟。虢射曰：「弗予賂地而予之糴，無損于怨而厚于寇，不若勿予。」公曰：「然。」慶鄭曰：「不可。已賴其地，而又愛其實，忘善而背德，雖我必擊之。弗予，必擊我。」公曰：「非鄭之所知也。」遂不予。 |
| | When Qin suffered from famine, Duke Hui ordered the transport of grain across the river. Guoye said: "To give them grain without granting land as a gift will not reduce our resentment but strengthen the enemy; it is better not to give." The duke said, "Indeed." Qing Zheng said: "No, it cannot be done. "We have already relied on their land and now we are stingy with its produce; to forget kindness and betray virtue, even if it is us who do so, we must strike them." "If we do not give, they will surely attack us." The duke said: "That is beyond Zheng's knowledge." So they did not give it.
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| | 晉語三: |
六年，秦歲定，帥師侵晉，至于韓。公謂慶鄭曰：「秦寇深矣，奈何？」慶鄭曰：「君深其怨，能淺其寇乎？非鄭之所知也，君其訊射也。」公曰：「舅所病也？」卜右，慶鄭吉。公曰：「鄭也不遜。」以家仆徒為右，步揚御戎；梁由靡御韓簡，虢射為右，以承公。 |
| | In the sixth year, when Qin had recovered from its famine, it led an army to invade Jin and reached Han. The duke said to Qing Zheng: "The Qins have invaded deeply; what should we do?" Qing Zheng replied, "If you have deepened their resentment, how can you expect them to shallow their invasion? This is beyond my knowledge; the duke should consult Guoye." The duke said: "Is this what troubles you, my uncle?" When divining for a charioteer, Qing Zheng was auspicious. The duke said: "Zheng is not humble." He appointed Jiaputu as the charioteer and Bu Yang as the driver; Liang Youmi drove Han Jian, Guoye was the charioteer, to accompany the duke.
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公御秦師，令韓簡視師，曰：「師少于我，鬭士眾。」公曰：「何故？」簡曰：「以君之出也處己，入也煩己，饑食其糴，三施而無報，故來。今又擊之，秦莫不慍，晉莫不怠，鬭士是故眾。公曰：「然。今我不擊，歸必狃。一夫不可狃，而況國乎！」公令韓簡挑戰，曰：「昔君之惠也，寡人未之敢忘。寡人有眾，能合之弗能離也。君若還，寡人之愿也。君若不還，寡人將無所避。」穆公衡雕戈出見使者，曰：「昔君之未入，寡人之憂也。君入而列未成，寡人未敢忘。今君既定而列成，君其整列，寡人將親見。」 |
| | The duke faced the Qin army and ordered Han Jian to observe their forces, saying: "Their troops are fewer than ours, but their fighting men are numerous." The duke asked, "Why is that?" Jian replied: "Because when you left, they treated themselves as superior; when you returned, they troubled us. We fed them grain during their famine and gave three favors without receiving any repayment, so they have come." "Now we strike them again; no one in Qin will be unresentful and no one in Jin will not be weary, which is why the fighting men are so numerous." The duke said: "Indeed. "If we do not strike now, they will surely become complacent when they return." "One man cannot be allowed to grow complacent, let alone a whole country!" The duke ordered Han Jian to issue a challenge, saying: "In the past, your kindness, O lord, is something I have not dared forget. "I may have many people, but what I can unite them and cannot divide them. "If you withdraw, that would be my wish." "If you do not withdraw, I will have nowhere to go." Duke Mu of Qin held a carved halberd and came out to meet the envoy, saying: "In the past when your lord had not yet entered [the state], that was my concern. "When you entered but did not yet establish ranks, I have never dared to forget." "Now that your lord has already stabilized and established his ranks, you should arrange the formation properly; I shall personally witness it."
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客還，公孫枝進諫曰：「昔君之不納公子重耳而納晉君，是君之不置德而置服也。置而不遂，擊而不勝，其若為諸侯笑何？君盍待之乎？」穆公曰：「然。昔吾之不納公子重耳而納晉君，是吾不置德而置服也。然公子重耳實不肯，吾又奚言哉？殺其內主，背其外賂，彼塞我施，若無天乎？若有天，吾必勝之。」君揖大夫就車，君鼓而進之。晉師潰，戎馬濘而止。公號慶鄭曰：「載我！」慶鄭曰：「忘善而背德，又廢吉卜，何我之載？鄭之車不足以辱君避也！」梁由靡御韓簡，輅秦公，將止之，慶鄭曰：「釋來救君！」亦不克救，遂止于秦。 |
| | After the envoy returned, Gongsun Zhi advised: "In the past, when you did not accept Gongzi Chonger but accepted Duke Hui of Jin, that was because you valued submission rather than virtue. "To place your trust in them without following through and to attack without victory—how will we face the ridicule of other feudal lords?" "Why not wait for a better opportunity, my lord?" Duke Mu said: "Indeed. "In the past, when I did not accept Gongzi Chong'er but accepted Duke Hui of Jin was because I valued submission rather than virtue. " "But it was actually Gongzi Chonger who refused, so what else could I say?" "He killed his internal host and betrayed the external gifts; he has blocked my benevolence, as if there were no Heaven!" "If there is Heaven, I must defeat him." The duke bowed to the officials and they mounted their chariots; he struck the drum and advanced them. The Jin army was routed, and the war horses sank into the mud and stopped. The duke called out to Qing Zheng: "Carry me!" Qing Zheng said, "To forget kindness and betray virtue and yet disregard the auspicious divination—why should I carry you?" "My chariot is not worthy of being used to help you escape!" Liang Youmi was driving Han Jian, who was about to intercept Duke Mu of Qin. Qing Zheng said: "Let the one coming rescue the duke!" They were also unable to save him and so halted in Qin.
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穆公歸，至于王城，合大夫而謀曰：「殺晉君與逐出之，與以歸之，與復之，孰利？」公子縶曰：「殺之利。逐之恐搆諸侯，以歸則國家多慝，復之則君臣合作，恐為君憂，不若殺之。」公孫枝曰：「不可。恥大國之士于中原，又殺其君以重之，子思報父之仇，臣思報君之讎。雖微秦國，天下孰弗患？」公子縶曰：「吾豈將徒殺之？吾將以公子重耳代之。晉君之無道莫不聞，公子重耳之仁莫不知。戰勝大國，武也。殺無道而立有道，仁也。勝無後害，智也。」公孫枝曰：「恥一國之士，又曰余納有道以臨女，無乃不可乎？若不可，必為諸侯笑。戰而取笑諸侯，不可謂武。殺其弟而立其兄，兄德我而忘其親，不可謂仁。若弗忘，是再施不遂也，不可謂智」。君曰：「然則若何？」公孫枝曰：「不若以歸，以要晉國之成，復其君而質其適子，使子父代處秦，國可以無害。」是故歸惠公而質子圉，秦始知河東之政。 |
| | After Duke Mu of Qin returned, he arrived at Wangcheng and convened the officials to deliberate: "Which is more advantageous—killing Duke Hui of Jin, expelling him, returning him, or restoring him?" Gongzi Zhi said: "It would be beneficial to kill him. "Expelling him might provoke the feudal lords; returning him would lead to many evils within our state. Restoring him would mean that ruler and minister work together, which I fear will cause trouble for you, my lord. It is better to kill him." Gongsun Zhi said: "No, it cannot be done." "To humiliate the men of a great state in Central China and then kill their ruler to add insult, sons will think of avenging their fathers' grudges, and ministers will think of repaying their lords' grievances. "Even if Qin is small, who in the world would not resent it?" Gongzi Zhi said: "Would I merely kill him without reason? I will replace him with Gongzi Chonger." The tyranny of Duke Hui of Jin is known to all, and the benevolence of Gongzi Chonger is known by everyone. "To defeat a great state in battle is valor." "To kill the tyrant and establish one of virtue is benevolence. "A victory without subsequent harm is wisdom." Gongsun Zhi said: "To humiliate the men of one state and then say 'I will accept a virtuous ruler to face you'—would that not be unacceptable? "If it is not acceptable, we shall surely be laughed at by the feudal lords. "To fight and yet invite ridicule from the feudal lords cannot be called valor." "To kill his younger brother to install his elder brother, who then shows virtue toward me but forgets his own kin, cannot be called benevolence." "If he does not forget [his brother], it would mean our second act of kindness has failed; this cannot be called wisdom." The duke asked: "Then what should we do?" Gongsun Zhi replied: "It would be better to return him, in order to secure a settlement with the state of Jin. Restore his lordship and take his legitimate son as hostage; let father and son alternate residing in Qin so that our country may avoid harm." Therefore, Duke Mu of Qin sent back Duke Hui and took his son Yu as hostage. From then on, Qin began to exercise authority over Hedong.
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公在秦三月，聞秦將成，乃使郤乞告呂甥。呂甥教之言，令國人于朝曰：「君使乞告二三子曰：『秦將歸寡人，寡人不足以辱社稷，二三子其改置以代圉也。』」且賞以悅眾，眾皆哭，焉作轅田。 |
| | While the duke was in Qin for three months and learned that a settlement with Qin was about to be reached, he sent Xi Qi to inform Lü Sheng. Lü Sheng instructed him on what to say, and ordered the people in court: "The lord sent Qi to inform you all: 'Qin is about to return me. I am not worthy enough to disgrace our state; you should replace me with Yu instead.'" Moreover, he gave rewards to please the people, and they all wept. Thus, the 辕田 (Yuantian) was established.
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呂甥致眾而告之曰：「吾君慚焉其亡之不恤，而群臣是憂，不亦惠乎？君猶在外，若何？」眾曰：「何為而可？」呂甥曰：「以韓之病，兵甲盡矣。若征繕以輔孺子，以為君援，雖四鄰之聞之也，喪君有君，群臣輯睦，兵甲益多，好我者勸，惡我者懼，庶有益乎？」眾皆說，焉作州兵。 |
| | Lü Sheng gathered the people and told them: "Our lord is ashamed that he did not care about his own exile, yet worries about his ministers; isn't this generous? "Our lord is still outside. What should we do?" The people asked: "What can be done?" Lü Sheng said, "Because of Han's illness, our weapons and armor are exhausted. "If we raise and prepare troops to support the young master, as a support for our lord, even if neighboring states hear of it, they will see that although we have lost one ruler, we now have another; the ministers are united. Our weapons and armor will increase further. Those who favor us will be encouraged, and those who oppose us will fear. Perhaps this would be beneficial?" The people were all pleased, so the Zhaobing (state militia) was established.
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呂甥逆君于秦，穆公訊之曰：「晉國和乎？」對曰：「不和。」公曰：「何故？」對曰：「其小人不念其君之罪，而悼其父兄子弟之死喪者，不憚征繕以立孺子，曰：『必報讎，吾寧事齊、楚，齊、楚又交輔之。其君子思其君，且知其罪，曰：『必事秦，有死無他。』故不和。比其和之而來，故久。」公曰：「而無來，吾固將歸君。國謂君何？」對曰：「小人曰不免，君子則否。」公曰：「何故？」對曰：「小人忌而不思，愿從其君而與報秦，是故云。其君子則否，曰：『吾君之入也，君之惠也。能納之，能執之，則能釋之。德莫厚焉，惠莫大焉，納而不遂，廢而不起，以德為怨，君其不然？』」秦君曰：「然。」乃改館晉君，饋七牢焉。 |
| | Lü Sheng went to Qin to meet his lord. Duke Mu of Qin asked him: "Is the state of Jin at peace?" He replied, "No, it is not." The duke asked: "Why?" He replied: "Because the common people do not think of their lord's crimes, but mourn for their fathers, elder brothers, younger brothers, and sons who died or were lost. They are undeterred in raising troops to support the young master and say: 'We must avenge our grudge; we would rather serve Qi and Chu,' and both Qi and Chu will also assist them." "The virtuous men think of their lord, yet they know his crimes. They say: 'We must serve Qin; we will die rather than do otherwise.'" Therefore, the state is not at peace." "We have delayed because we are waiting for them to reconcile before coming." The duke said: "Even if you had not come, I would still return your lord. "What does the state say about your lord?" He replied: "The common people say he cannot be spared, but the virtuous men disagree." The duke asked: "Why?" He replied: "Because the common people are resentful and do not think rationally; they wish to follow their lord in repaying Qin, hence they say so. The virtuous men disagree and say: 'Our lord's return is due to your kindness, my lord." "You were able to accept him, able to hold him, so you are also able to release him. "No virtue could be thicker than this; no kindness greater. To accept but not follow through, to abandon and not restore—it would turn virtue into resentment. Surely you would not do that, my lord?"' The Duke of Qin said: "Indeed." So he changed the accommodations for Duke Hui of Jin and presented him with seven sets of sacrificial animals as a gift.
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惠公未至，蛾析謂慶鄭曰：「君之止，子之罪也。今君將來，子何俟？」慶鄭曰：「鄭也聞之曰：『軍敗，死之；將止，死之。』」二者不行，又重之以誤人，而喪其君，有大罪三，將安適？君若來，將待刑以快君志；君若不來，將獨伐秦。不得君，必死之。此所以待也。臣得其志，而使君瞢，是犯也。君行犯，猶失其國，而況臣乎？「 |
| | Before Duke Hui arrived, E Xi said to Qing Zheng: "The reason the duke is detained is your fault. "Now that the duke will come, what are you waiting for?" Qing Zheng said: "Zheng has heard it said: 'When an army is defeated, one dies for it; when a commander is stopped, one also dies for him.'" Since neither of these can be carried out and I have further erred by misleading others, thus causing the loss of our lord, I now bear three great crimes. Where could I possibly go? If you come, I shall await punishment to satisfy your will; if you do not come, I alone will attack Qin. If I cannot find our lord, I shall surely die for him. This is why I await my fate. If a minister achieves his purpose but causes the lord confusion, that is an offense. If a lord commits an offense, he still loses his state; how much more so for a minister? "
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公至于絳郊，聞慶鄭止，使家仆徒召之，曰：「鄭也有罪，猶在乎？」慶鄭曰：「臣怨君始入而報德，不降；降而聽諫，不戰；戰而用良，不敗。既敗而誅，又失有罪，不可以封國。臣是以待即刑，以成君政。」君曰：「刑之！」慶鄭曰：「下有直言，臣之行也；上有直刑，君之明也。臣行君明，國之利也。君雖弗刑，必自殺也？」蛾析曰：「臣聞奔刑之臣，不若赦之以報讎。君盍赦之，以報于秦？」梁由靡曰：「不可。我能行之，秦豈不能？且戰不勝，而報之以賊，不武；出戰不克，入處不安，不智；成而反之，不信；失刑亂政，不威。出不能用，入不能治，敗國且殺孺子，不若刑之。」君曰：「斬鄭，無使自殺！」家仆徒曰：「有君不忌，有臣死刑，其聞賢于刑之。」梁由靡曰：「夫君政刑，是以治民。不聞命而擅進退，犯政也；快意而喪君，犯刑也。鄭也賊而亂國，不可失也！且戰而自退，退而自殺；臣得其志，君失其刑，後不可用也。」君令司馬說刑之。司馬說進三軍之士而數慶鄭曰：「夫《韓之誓》曰：失次犯令，死；將止不面夷，死；偽言誤眾，死。今鄭失次犯令，而罪一也；鄭擅進退，而罪二也；女誤梁由靡，使失秦公，而罪三也；君親止，女不面夷，而罪四也；鄭也就刑！」慶鄭曰：「說，三軍之士皆在，有人能坐待刑，而不能面夷？趣行事乎！」丁丑，斬慶鄭，乃入絳。 |
| | When the duke arrived at the outskirts of Jiang, he heard that Qing Zheng had stopped [his departure], and sent his household servant Tu to summon him, saying: "Zheng has committed a crime; is he still there?" Qing Zheng said: "I resented your initial return and the repayment of kindness, so I did not descend [to submit]; after descending to listen to advice, I did not fight; when fighting, I used capable men and thus did not suffer defeat. After a defeat to be punished, and then losing those who are guilty, one cannot govern the state properly. Therefore I await immediate punishment in order to complete your administration." The lord said: "Punish him!" Qing Zheng said: "To speak frankly to one's superior is the conduct of a minister; to impose just punishment on an inferior is the wisdom of a lord. When a minister acts and a lord is wise, it benefits the state. Even if you do not punish me, I will surely kill myself?" E Xi said: "I have heard that a minister fleeing punishment is not as good as one who is pardoned to repay an enemy. Why don't you pardon him, my lord, in order to take revenge on Qin?" Liang Youmi said: "No. If I am able to carry it out, how could Qin not be able to?" Moreover, if we do not win the battle and then retaliate with bandits, that is not valor; to fight externally without victory and to dwell internally without peace is not wisdom; to achieve something and then turn against it is not trustworthiness; to lose punishment and disorder government is not authority. To be unable to use men when going out, and unable to govern when returning in—this will ruin the state and kill the young master. It is better to punish him." The lord said: "Cut down Zheng, do not let him commit suicide!" Jia Puzu said: "To have a lord who is fearless and a minister subject to capital punishment, it would be better for him to hear of this than actually suffer the punishment." Liang Youmi said: "A lord's administration and punishment are what govern the people. To advance or retreat without receiving orders is to violate governance; To satisfy one's own desires and lose the lord is to break the law. Zheng is a bandit who has caused chaos in the state; he cannot be spared! Moreover, to retreat from battle on one's own and then commit suicide; the minister achieves his purpose while the lord loses his punishment—this cannot be allowed in the future." The lord ordered Sima Yue to execute the punishment. Sima Yue brought forward soldiers from all three armies and accused Qing Zheng, saying: "The Oath of Han says: To lose one's position and violate orders is death; to stop a commander without facing the enemy, death; to speak falsely and mislead the people, death. "Now Zheng has lost his position and violated orders—this is one crime; Zheng advanced or retreated on his own initiative—this is a second crime; you misled Liang Youmi, causing him to lose the Duke of Qin—and this is a third crime; the lord himself stopped [the army], yet you did not face the enemy—and this is a fourth crime; Zheng should accept punishment!" Qing Zheng said: "Shuo, all the soldiers of the three armies are here. Is there anyone who can sit and await punishment yet cannot face the enemy? Hurry up and carry out your duty!" On the Dingchou day, Qing Zheng was beheaded, and they then entered Jiang.
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十五年，惠公卒，懷公立，秦乃召重耳于楚而納之。晉人殺懷公于高梁，而授重耳，實為文公。 |
| | In the fifteenth year, Duke Hui died, and Duke Huai ascended the throne. Qin summoned Chong'er from Chu and admitted him into Jin. The people of Jin killed Duke Huai at Gaoliang and handed over power to Chong'er, who became Duke Wen.
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