| | 蓋諸葛劉... : |
蓋寬饒字次公，魏郡人也。明經為郡文學，以孝廉為郎。舉方正，對策高第，遷諫大夫，行郎中戶將事。劾奏衛將軍張安世子侍中陽都侯彭祖不下殿門，并連及安世居位無補。彭祖時實下門，寬饒坐舉奏大臣非是，左遷為衛司馬。 |
| | Gai Kuanrao courtesy name Cigong was a native of Wei Jun. He passed the Mingjing examination and became a scholar-official in his commandery, and through the filial and upright official recommendation system he was appointed as an Attendant. Recommended for integrity and uprightness, his policy responses ranked high, and he was promoted to the position of Counselor-in-Attendance. He served as an acting Director of the Household Guards under the rank of Langzhong. He impeached Wei Jiangjun Zhang Anshi's son, Shizhong Yangdu Hou Pengzu, for not descending from the palace gate as required by protocol, and also implicated Zhang Anshi in holding office without contributing to governance. At the time Pengzu had indeed descended from the gate, and Gai Kuanrao was punished for falsely impeaching a high minister; he was demoted to be a Weishi Ma.
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先是時，衛司馬在部，見衛尉拜謁，常為衛官繇使巿買。寬饒視事，案舊令，遂揖官屬以下行衛者。衛尉私使寬饒出，寬饒以令詣官府門上謁辭。尚書責問衛尉，由是衛官不復私使候、司馬。候、司馬不拜，出先置衛，輒上奏辭，自此正焉。 |
| | Previously, when the Weishi Ma held office in the ministry, upon seeing the Weiwei pay respects, he often acted as a subordinate official of the guards and sent people to buy goods for him. When Gai Kuanrao assumed office, he examined the old regulations and thus greeted officials of lower rank who were to perform duties for the guards. The Weiwei privately ordered Gai Kuanrao to go out, and Gai Kuanraо followed the regulations by going to the official office gate to pay respects and submit his resignation. The Shangshu Office reprimanded the Weiwei, and from then on, officials of the guards no longer privately ordered the Hou or the Weishi Ma to do their bidding. The Hou and Weishi Ma no longer paid respects, but instead first arranged for the guards before leaving office, and immediately submitted their resignations; from then on, this became the established practice.
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寬饒初拜為司馬，未出殿門，斷其襌衣，令短離地，冠大冠，帶長劍，躬案行士卒廬室，視其飲食居處，有疾病者身自撫循臨問，加致醫藥，遇之甚有恩。及歲盡交代，上臨饗罷衛卒，衛卒數千人皆叩頭自請，願復留共更一年，以報寬饒厚德。宣帝嘉之，以寬饒為太中大夫，使行風俗，多所稱舉貶黜，奉使稱意。擢為司隸校尉，刺舉無所迴避，小大輒舉，所劾奏眾多，廷尉處其法，半用半不用，公卿貴戚及郡國吏繇使至長安，皆恐懼莫敢犯禁，京師為清。 |
| | When Gai Kuanrao first assumed the position of Weishi Ma, before leaving the palace gate, he cut off his plain robe so that it was short enough to touch the ground, wore a large hat, carried a long sword, and personally inspected the barracks where the soldiers lived. He observed their food, drink, and living conditions, visited those who were ill in person, comforted them, and ensured they received proper medical treatment; he treated them with great kindness. When the end of the year came and it was time to hand over his duties, the emperor personally attended a banquet to bid farewell to the guardsmen. Thousands of these soldiers all knelt down and requested on their own initiative that they be allowed to remain for another year so as to repay Gai Kuanrao's great virtue. Emperor Xuan was pleased and appointed Gai Kuanrao as Taizhong Dafu, sending him to tour the regions to observe customs. He recommended many officials for commendation or censure, and his missions were carried out to everyone's satisfaction. He was promoted to Sili Jiao Wei, and in his investigations he avoided no one, reporting both minor and major offenses without fail. He impeached many officials; the Tingwei applied half of these cases according to law while ignoring the other half. High-ranking ministers, imperial relatives, and local officials who came to Chang'an on official business all feared him and dared not break laws or regulations, thus making the capital city clean and orderly.
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平恩侯許伯入第，丞相、御史、將軍、中二千石皆賀，寬饒不行。許伯請之，乃往，從西階上，東鄉特坐。許伯自酌曰：「蓋君後至。」寬饒曰：「無多酌我，我乃酒狂。」丞相魏侯笑曰：「次公醒而狂，何必酒也？」坐者皆屬目卑下之。酒酣樂作，長信少府檀長卿起舞，為沐猴與狗鬥，坐皆大笑。寬饒不說，卬視屋而歎曰：「美哉！然富貴無常，忽則易人，此如傳舍，所閱多矣。唯謹慎為得久，君侯可不戒哉！」因起趨出，劾奏長信少府以列卿而沐猴舞，失禮不敬。上欲罪少府，許伯為謝，良久，上乃解。 |
| | When Hou Pingen Xu Bo entered his new residence, the Chancellor, the Chief Censor, the Generals, and officials of the rank Zhong Erqianshi all came to congratulate him, but Gai Kuanrao did not attend. Xu Bo invited him, and then he went, ascending from the western steps and sitting facing east in a special seat. Xu Bo poured his own wine and said, "Master Gai arrived late." Gai Kuanrao replied, "Do not pour much for me; I am a drunkard when it comes to wine." The Chancellor, Wei Hou, laughed and said, "Cigong is mad even when sober; why should he need wine?" Those present all cast sidelong glances at him with lowered eyes. When the wine was flowing and music playing, Zhangxin Shaofu Tan Changqing got up to dance, performing a piece depicting a macaque fighting a dog. All those present burst into laughter. Gai Kuanrao disapproved and looked up at the ceiling while sighing, "How beautiful!" Yet wealth and rank are impermanent; they can change suddenly. This hall is like an inn where many have passed through. Only those who remain cautious may endure for long. Shouldn't you, Lord Hou, take heed!" He then rose and hurriedly left, impeaching Zhangxin Shaofu for performing a macaque dance as an official of high rank, which was disrespectful and contrary to proper etiquette. The emperor wanted to punish the Shaofu, but Xu Bo apologized on his behalf. After a long time, the emperor finally relented.
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寬饒為人剛直高節，志在奉公。家貧，奉錢月數千，半以給吏民為耳目言事者。身為司隸，子常步行自戍北邊，公廉如此。然深刻喜陷害人，在位及貴戚人與為怨，又好言事刺譏，奸犯上意。上以其儒者，優容之，然亦不得遷。同列後進或至九卿，寬饒自以行清能高，有益於國，而為凡庸所越，愈失意不快，數上疏諫爭。太子庶子王生高寬饒節，而非其如此，予書曰：「明主知君絜白公正，不畏彊禦，故命君以司察之位，擅君以奉使之權，尊官厚祿已施於君矣。君宜夙夜惟思當世之務，奉法宣化，憂勞天下，雖日有益，月有功，猶未足以稱職而報恩也。自古之治，三王之術各有制度。今君不務循職而已，乃欲以太古久遠之事匡拂天子，數進不用難聽之語以摩切左右，非所以揚令名全壽命者也。方今用事之人皆明習法令，言足以飾君之辭，文足以成君之過，君不惟蘧氏之高蹤，而慕子胥之末行，用不訾之軀，臨不測之險，竊為君痛之。夫君子直而不挺，曲而不詘。大雅云：『既明且哲，以保其身。』狂夫之言，聖人擇焉。唯裁省覽。」寬饒不納其言。 |
| | Gai Kuanrao was a man of firmness and integrity with lofty principles, whose aspirations were devoted to serving the public good. His family was poor; though he received a monthly salary of several thousand coins, half of it was given to officials and commoners who acted as informants or reported matters. While he himself held the position of Sili, his son often walked alone to serve on the northern frontier; such was his public-spirited integrity. However, he was severe and enjoyed falsely accusing others; both officials in office and imperial relatives who had dealings with him bore grudges against him. Moreover, he liked to speak out sharply and criticize, often offending the emperor's will. The emperor, considering him a Confucian scholar, treated him with leniency, but still did not promote him. Some of his contemporaries and younger officials later rose to the rank of Jiush 卿, while Gai Kuanrao considered himself upright in conduct and highly capable, believing he had contributed greatly to the state. Yet he was surpassed by mediocre men, which made him increasingly discontented and unhappy; as a result, he frequently submitted memorials offering remonstrances and arguments. The 太子 Shuzi Wang, admiring Gai Kuanrao's integrity and virtue, disagreed with his behavior. He wrote to him saying: "A wise ruler knows that you are clean, upright, and just, unafraid of the powerful or the defiant; therefore he appointed you to a position of inspection and entrusted you with authority as an imperial envoy. High rank and generous salary have already been bestowed upon you. You should day and night devote yourself to the affairs of the present age, uphold the law, spread moral influence, and worry for the welfare of the world. Even if you achieve daily benefits and monthly accomplishments, it is still insufficient to fulfill your duties or repay your debt of gratitude. Since ancient times, in well-governed eras, the methods of the Three Kings each had their own systems and regulations. Now, instead of merely fulfilling your duties as required, you wish to use the distant matters of the remote ancient past to advise and oppose the Son of Heaven. You repeatedly offer difficult-to-hear words in an attempt to admonish those around him; this is not a way to uphold a good reputation or preserve one's life. At present, those in power are all well-versed in laws and regulations; their words are sufficient to embellish your arguments, and their rhetoric is enough to magnify your faults. You do not follow the noble example of Qu Shi but instead emulate the final actions of Wu Zixu, risking a blameless body on an unpredictable peril. I secretly feel sorrow for you. A true gentleman is upright yet not unbending; he may bend but does not break. The Dàyá says: "He who is both wise and discerning preserves his life." The words of a madman are selected by the sage. Only you can judge and decide." Gai Kuanrao did not accept his advice.
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是時上方用刑法，信任中尚書宦官，寬饒奏封事曰：「方今聖道浸廢，儒術不行，以刑餘為周召，以法律為詩書。」又引韓氏易傳言：「五帝官天下，三王家天下，家以傳子，官以傳賢，若四時之運，功成者去，不得其人則不居其位。」書奏，上以寬饒怨謗終不改，下其書中二千石。時執金吾議，以為寬饒指意欲求禪，大逆不道。諫大夫鄭昌愍傷寬饒忠直憂國，以言事不當意而為文吏所詆挫，上書頌寬饒曰：「臣聞山有猛獸，藜藿為之不采；國有忠臣，姦邪為之不起。司隸校尉寬饒居不求安，食不求飽，進有憂國之心，退有死節之義，上無許、史之屬，下無金、張之託，職在司察，直道而行，多仇少與，上書陳國事，有司劾以大辟，臣幸得從大夫之後，官以諫為名，不敢不言。」上不聽，遂下寬饒吏。寬饒引佩刀自剄北闕下，眾莫不憐之。 |
| | At that time, the emperor was heavily relying on legal punishments and trusted eunuchs in the Zhongshangshi Office. Gai Kuanrao submitted a sealed memorial stating: "Nowadays, the sacred way is gradually being neglected, Confucian teachings are not practiced, and we regard those with physical defects as Zhou Shao, while treating laws and statutes as The Book of Songs and The Book of Documents." He also cited the Han School Commentary on the Yijing, saying: "The Five Emperors governed the world as officials; the Three Kings ruled it as a family. A family passes its rule to its sons, while an official system transfers power to the virtuous. Just like the four seasons in their cycle, when one's task is completed, he departs from office. If one does not find the right person, he must not hold that position." After the memorial was submitted, the emperor considered Gai Kuanrao still complained and criticized without change, so he passed the document to officials of the rank Zhongerqianshi. At that time, Zhi Jinwu proposed a discussion, arguing that Gai Kuanrao had implied intentions to seek abdication of the throne, which was an act of great treason and impiety. Jian Dafu Zheng Chang felt pity for Gai Kuanrao, whose loyalty and upright concern for the state had led to criticism and suppression by bureaucratic officials merely because his advice did not suit the emperor's mood. He submitted a memorial praising Gai Kuanrao: "Minister, I have heard that when fierce beasts dwell in the mountains, even weeds are left unharvested; When a state has loyal ministers, wicked and treacherous men cease to rise. Sili Jiao Wei Gai Kuanrao dwells without seeking comfort, eats without seeking fullness. When advancing in office he has the mind to worry for the state; when retreating from power, he upholds the righteousness of dying with integrity. He is not connected above by relatives like Xu or Shi, nor does he have below him the support of men like Jin or Zhang. In his position of inspection, he walks a straight path and thus has many enemies but few allies. Now that he submitted a memorial concerning state affairs, officials have impeached him for capital crimes. I am fortunate to follow in the footsteps of the 大夫, holding an office named after remonstration; I dare not remain silent." The emperor did not listen and thus handed Gai Kuanrao over to the officials. Gai Kuanrao took out his belt knife and committed suicide beneath the northern gate, whereupon many people felt pity for him.
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諸葛豐字少季，琅邪人也。以明經為郡文學，名特立剛直。貢禹為御史大夫，除豐為屬，舉侍御史。元帝擢為司隸校尉，刺舉無所避，京師為之語曰：「間何闊，逢諸葛。」上嘉其節，加豐秩光祿大夫。 |
| | Zhuge Feng, courtesy name Shaoji, was a native of Langya. He passed the Mingjing examination to become a scholar-official in his native commandery and was especially known for his firmness and uprightness. Gong Yu served as Chief Censor, appointed Zhuge Feng as one of his subordinates, and recommended him for the position of Shiyushi. Emperor Yuan promoted Zhuge Feng to Sili Jiao Wei; in his investigations, he showed no partiality. In the capital, people said: "How long has it been? Encounter Zhuge." The emperor praised his integrity and granted Zhuge Feng an additional salary as Guanglu Dafu.
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時侍中許章以外屬貴幸，奢淫不奉法度，賓客犯事，與章相連。豐案劾章，欲奏其事，適逢許侍中私出，豐駐車舉節詔章曰：「下！」欲收之。章迫窘，馳車去，豐追之。許侍中因得入宮門，自歸上。豐亦上奏，於是收豐節。司隸去節自豐始。 |
| | At that time, Shizhong Xu Zhang, being a relative of the imperial family and enjoying high favor, lived in luxury and indulgence without observing laws or regulations. His guests committed offenses connected to him. Zhuge Feng investigated and impeached Xu Zhang, intending to submit a report on the matter. Just then he encountered Xu Shizhong leaving in private; Zhuge Feng stopped his carriage, raised his staff, and summoned Xu Zhang, saying, "Descend!" He intended to arrest him. Xu Zhang, feeling cornered and embarrassed, drove his carriage away in haste, but Zhuge Feng pursued him. The Xu Shizhong managed to enter the palace gate and personally reported to the emperor. Zhuge Feng also submitted a memorial, and as a result, his staff of office was confiscated. The removal of the Sili Jiao Wei's staff from office began with Zhuge Feng.
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豐上書謝曰：「臣豐駑怯，文不足以勸善，武不足以執邪。陛下不量臣能否，拜為司隸校尉，未有以自效，復秩臣為光祿大夫，官尊責重，非臣所當處也。又迫年歲衰暮，常恐卒填溝渠，德無以報厚，使論議士譏臣無補，長獲素餐之名。故常願捐一旦之命，不待時而斷姦臣之首，縣於都市，編書其罪，使四方明知為惡之罰，然後卻就斧鉞之誅，誠臣所甘心也。夫以布衣之士，尚猶有刎頸之交，今以四海之大，曾無伏節死誼之臣，率盡苟合取容，阿黨相為，念私門之利，忘國家之政。邪穢濁溷之氣上感于天，是以災變數見，百姓困乏。此臣下不忠之效也，臣誠恥之亡已。凡人情莫不欲安存而惡危亡，然忠臣直士不避患害者，誠為君也。今陛下天覆地載，物無不容，使尚書令堯賜臣豐書曰：『夫司隸者刺舉不法，善善惡惡，非得顓之也。免處中和，順經術意。』恩深德厚，臣豐頓首幸甚。臣竊不勝憤懣，願賜清宴，唯陛下裁幸。」上不許。 |
| | Zhuge Feng submitted a memorial to apologize, saying: "Minister Feng is dull and timid; my words are insufficient to encourage virtue, nor am I strong enough to punish evildoers. Your Majesty did not assess my abilities or incompetence, yet appointed me as Sili Jiao Wei. I have had no opportunity to prove myself, and now you further elevated me to Guanglu Dafu with a higher rank and heavier responsibilities—this is a position unworthy of me. Moreover, as I approach old age and the twilight of my years, I often fear that I will suddenly die in obscurity without having repaid your great kindness. This would cause scholars to criticize me for being useless and leave me with a lifelong reputation of drawing an empty salary. Therefore, I have always wished to sacrifice my life in a single day, cutting off the heads of wicked ministers without waiting for the right moment and hanging them in public squares. I would record their crimes so that all under heaven might know the punishment for evil deeds; only then would I willingly accept execution by chopping block or beheading—this is truly what I desire. Even a commoner may have friends who would cut their own throats for loyalty. Now, with the vastness of the four seas under your rule, there are no ministers willing to die for righteousness and integrity; instead, they all seek only to curry favor, form factions, serve private interests, and forget the affairs of state. The corrupt and impure atmosphere rises to heaven, hence calamities frequently occur and the people suffer hardship. This is the consequence of ministers' disloyalty; I truly feel ashamed without end. It is human nature for people to desire safety and oppose danger or death, yet loyal ministers and upright men do not avoid hardship because they truly act in the interests of their sovereign. Now, Your Majesty covers all beneath heaven and supports the earth; nothing is beyond your tolerance. The Chief Secretary Yao granted me a letter saying: "The Sili Jiao Wei investigates illegal acts, rewards good conduct, and punishes evil deeds, but this power cannot be exercised solely at one's discretion. One must remain impartial and balanced, following the principles of Confucian doctrine." Your grace is profound and your virtue great; Minister Feng bows his head in deep gratitude. I secretly feel deeply indignant, and I humbly request a private audience; it is entirely at Your Majesty's discretion." The emperor did not grant the request.
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是後所言益不用，豐復上書言：「臣聞伯奇孝而棄於親，子胥忠而誅於君，隱公慈而殺於弟，叔武弟而殺於兄。夫以四子之行，屈平之材，然猶不能自顯而被刑戮，豈不足以觀哉！使臣殺身以安國，蒙誅以顯君，臣誠願之。獨恐未有云補，而為眾邪所排，令讒夫得遂，正直之路雍塞，忠臣沮心，智士杜口，此愚臣之所懼也。」 |
| | After this, the emperor no longer heeded his words. Zhuge Feng again submitted a memorial saying: "Minister has heard that Bo Qi was filial yet abandoned by his parents; Wu Zixu was loyal yet executed by his sovereign; Yin Gong was kind yet killed by his younger brother; and Shu Wu, being the younger brother, was killed by his elder sibling. With such conduct from these four men and the talent of Qu Ping, they still could not demonstrate their virtue but were subjected to punishment and death. Is this not something worth observing! If sacrificing my life would bring peace to the state, or if I were executed so as to highlight Your Majesty's virtue, then Minister sincerely desires this. I fear only that I may not yet have contributed anything, and be excluded by the many wicked men, allowing slanderers to succeed. This would block the path for upright conduct, discourage loyal ministers, and silence wise scholars—this is what a foolish minister fears."
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豐以春夏繫治人，在位多言其短。上徙豐為城門校尉，豐上書告光祿勳周堪、光祿大夫張猛。上不直豐，乃制詔御史：「城門校尉豐，前與光祿勳堪、光祿大夫猛在朝之時，數稱言堪、猛之美。豐前為司隸校尉，不順四時，修法度，專作苛暴，以獲虛威，朕不忍下吏，以為城門校尉。不內省諸己，而反怨堪、猛，以求報舉，告案無證之辭，暴揚難驗之罪，毀譽恣意，不顧前言，不信之大者也。朕憐豐之耆老，不忍加刑，其免為庶人。」終於家。 |
| | Zhuge Feng carried out punishments during spring and summer; many officials in office criticized his actions. The emperor transferred Zhuge Feng to the position of Chengmen Jiao Wei, but Zhuge Feng submitted a memorial denouncing Guangluxun Zhou Kan and Guanglu Dafu Zhang Meng. The emperor did not support Zhuge Feng and issued an edict to the Chief Censor: "Chengmen Jiao Wei Feng, before Zhou Kan of Guangluxun and Zhang Meng of Guanglu Dafu were in office, repeatedly praised their virtues. When Feng previously served as Sili Jiao Wei, he did not follow the seasons in his duties or improve legal regulations; instead, he specialized in harsh and brutal methods to gain an illusory authority. I could not bear to hand him over to officials for punishment, so I appointed him Chengmen Jiao Wei. Rather than reflecting on his own conduct, he instead resents Zhou Kan and Zhang Meng in pursuit of retaliation. He makes accusations without evidence, publicly proclaims unverifiable crimes, and shifts praise or blame at will, disregarding his previous words—this is the greatest sign of a man who cannot be trusted. I take pity on Feng's old age and do not wish to impose punishment; therefore, he shall be dismissed as a commoner." He died at home.
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劉輔，河間宗室也。舉孝廉，為襄賁令。上書言得失，召見，上美其材，擢為諫大夫。會成帝欲立趙婕妤為皇后，先下詔封婕妤父臨為列侯。輔上書言：「臣聞天之所與必先賜以符瑞，天之所違必先降以災變，此神明之徵應，自然之占驗也。昔武王、周公承順天地，以饗魚烏之瑞，然猶君臣祗懼，動色相戒，況於季世，不蒙繼嗣之福，屢受威怒之異者虖！雖夙夜自責，改過易行，畏天命，念祖業，妙選有德之世，考卜窈窕之女，以承宗廟，順神祇心，塞天下望，子孫之祥猶恐晚暮，今乃觸情縱欲，傾於卑賤之女，欲以母天下，不畏于天，不媿于人，惑莫大焉。里語曰：『腐木不可以為柱，卑人不可以為主。』天人之所不予，必有禍而無福，市道皆共知之，朝廷莫肯壹言，臣竊傷心。自念得以同姓拔擢，尸祿不忠，污辱諫爭之官，不敢不盡死，唯陛下深察。」書奏，上使侍御史收縛輔，繫掖庭祕獄，群臣莫知其故。 |
| | Liu Fu was a member of the imperial clan from Hejian. Recommended for filial piety and integrity, he became magistrate of Xiangbin. He submitted a memorial commenting on state affairs; the emperor summoned him for an audience and praised his talent, promoting him to Counselor-in-Attendance. At that time Emperor Cheng wished to appoint Zhao Jieyu as empress, and first issued an edict granting her father Lin the title of Liehou. Liu Fu submitted a memorial stating: "Minister has heard that when Heaven grants something, it first bestows auspicious omens; when Heaven opposes something, it first brings calamities and disasters. This is the divine response to human affairs, an inevitable sign of nature's will. In the past, King Wu and Zhou Gong followed Heaven and Earth in receiving auspicious signs such as fish and crows, yet still both ruler and ministers remained reverent and fearful, showing visible caution to warn each other. How much more so is this true for our declining age, when we do not enjoy the blessing of a successor and repeatedly suffer strange omens of wrath! Even if we rise early and retire late, constantly self-reproach ourselves, reform our conduct, fear Heaven's will, and think of the ancestral legacy, carefully selecting a virtuous family and divining for a modest and graceful girl to inherit the temple sacrifices, to please the gods and spirits, and satisfy the people's expectations—still we may worry that auspicious signs for descendants come too late. Now Your Majesty instead follows personal desires, is swayed by a low-born woman, wishes her to become mother of all under heaven, showing no fear of Heaven or shame before men—this is the gravest delusion possible. A folk saying goes: "Decayed wood cannot serve as a pillar, and a low-born woman cannot be empress." Heaven and the people do not support this, for it will bring disaster without benefit. This is known by all in the marketplace and officials at court yet no one dares to speak a single word—Minister feels deeply grieved. Thinking of my own position, I was elevated because of my imperial lineage. To hold office without loyalty is to disgrace the office of remonstrance; I dare not withhold even at the cost of death. May Your Majesty deeply consider this." After the memorial was submitted, His Majesty ordered Attending Censor to arrest Liu Fu and imprison him in the secret prison of Yeting; no court official knew the reason.
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於是中朝左將軍辛慶忌、右將軍廉褒、光祿勳師丹、太中大夫谷永俱上書曰：「臣聞明王垂寬容之聽，崇諫爭之官，廣開忠直之路，不罪狂狷之言，然後百僚在位，竭忠盡謀，不懼後患，朝廷無諂諛之士，元首無失道之伥。竊見諫大夫劉輔，前以縣令求見，擢為諫大夫，此其言必有卓詭切至，當聖心者，故得拔至於此。旬日之間，收下祕獄，臣等愚，以為輔幸得託公族之親，在諫臣之列，新從下土來，未知朝廷體，獨觸忌諱，不足深過。小罪宜隱忍而已，如有大惡，宜暴治理官，與眾共之。昔趙簡子殺其大夫鳴犢，孔子臨河而還。今天心未豫，災異屢降，水旱迭臻，方當隆寬廣問，褒直盡下之時也。而行慘急之誅於諫爭之臣，震驚群下，失忠直心。假令輔不坐直言，所坐不著，天下不可戶曉。同姓近臣本以言顯，其於治親養忠之義誠不宜幽囚于掖庭獄。公卿以下見陛下進用輔亟，而折傷之暴，人有懼心，精銳銷耎，莫敢盡節正言，非所以昭有虞之聽，廣德美之風也。臣等竊深傷之，唯陛下留神省察。」 |
| | At this time, the Zhongchao Left General Xin Qingji, Right General Lian Bao, Guangluxun Shi Dan, and Taizhong Dafu Gu Yong all submitted a joint memorial saying: "Ministers have heard that enlightened kings cultivate an open ear to tolerance, honor officials who remonstrate, widely open the path for loyalty and uprightness, do not punish those who speak with passion or eccentricity, and only then will all court officials in office devote their loyalty and strategies without fearing future consequences. Thus, there would be no flatterers at court, nor would the Son of Heaven suffer from misguided policies. We have secretly observed that Counselor-in-Attendance Liu Fu, previously a county magistrate who requested an audience and was promoted to his current position, must have made remarks of extraordinary insight and directness that touched the emperor's heart; thus he attained this rank. Within ten days, he was arrested and placed in the secret prison. We are foolish enough to believe that Liu Fu, fortunate as he is to be related by imperial lineage and serving among the remonstrators, newly arrived from a lowly post, does not yet understand court customs and has alone touched on sensitive taboos—this is insufficient for serious punishment. Minor offenses should be overlooked and tolerated; if there are grave crimes, they should be publicly handled by the judicial officials so that all may witness them. In former times, when Zhao Jianzi killed his minister Mingtu, Confucius came to the riverbank and turned back. Now Heaven's will is not at ease, calamities and strange omens frequently descend, floods and droughts come in succession; this is precisely the time to promote leniency and open inquiry, to commend uprightness and fully heed the words of subordinates. Yet now Your Majesty is carrying out harsh punishments against remonstrating ministers, shocking the entire court and losing the hearts of loyal and upright men. Suppose Liu Fu is not punished for speaking out directly, yet his crime remains unclear—this cannot be made known to every household in the empire. A close relative and trusted minister was originally elevated for speaking out; it is indeed inappropriate to secretly imprison him in the 掖庭 prison, contrary to the principles of governing with kinship and cultivating loyalty. Ministers of the Grand Commanders and below see that Your Majesty has quickly promoted Liu Fu, yet suddenly punished him severely. This instills fear in people; their courage wanes, and no one dares to serve with utmost loyalty or speak truthfully—this is not how to demonstrate the Son of Heaven's open ear or promote a virtuous style of governance. Ministers feel deeply grieved and respectfully request Your Majesty to pay attention and carefully consider."
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上乃徙繫輔共工獄，減死罪一等，論為鬼薪。終於家。 |
| | The emperor then transferred Liu Fu's imprisonment from Yeting to Gonggong prison, reduced his death penalty by one degree, and sentenced him to the punishment of "Gui Xin" (carrying firewood for ancestral sacrifices). He eventually died at home.
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鄭崇字子游，本高密大族，世與王家相嫁娶。祖父以訾徙平陵。父賓明法令，為御史，事貢公，名公直。崇少為郡文學史，至丞相大車屬。弟立與高武侯傅喜同門學，相友善。喜為大司馬，薦崇，哀帝擢為尚書僕射。數求見諫爭，上初納用之。每見曳革履，上笑曰：「我識鄭尚書履聲。」 |
| | Zheng Chong, courtesy name Ziyou, was originally from a prominent family in Gaomi; his family had long intermarried with the Wang clan. His grandfather moved to Pingling due to wealth. His father, Bin, was well-versed in laws and served as an imperial censor under Gong Gong; he was known for his integrity and uprightness. Zheng Chong began his career as a literary official in the commandery, later rising to become an assistant of the Chancellor's Grand Chariot Office. His younger brother Li was a fellow student with Gao Wu Hou Fu Xi and became close friends with him. When Fu Xi served as Da Sima, he recommended Zheng Chong; Emperor Ai then promoted him to Director of the Secretariat. Zheng frequently requested audiences and remonstrated with the emperor, who initially accepted his advice. Whenever he appeared, dragging his leather shoes, the emperor smiled and said, "I recognize the sound of Minister Zheng's shoes."
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久之，上欲封祖母傅太后從弟商，崇諫曰：「孝成皇帝封親舅五侯，天為赤黃晝昏，日中有黑氣。今祖母從昆弟二人已侯。孔鄉侯，皇后父；高武侯以三公封，尚有因緣。今無故欲復封商，壞亂制度，逆天人心，非傅氏之福也。臣聞師曰：『逆陽者厥極弱，逆陰者厥極凶短折，犯人者有亂亡之患，犯神者有疾夭之禍。』故周公著戒曰：『惟王不知艱難，唯耽樂是從，時亦罔有克壽。』故衰世之君夭折蚤沒，此皆犯陰之害也。臣願以身命當國咎。」崇因持詔書案起。傅太后大怒曰：「何有為天子乃反為一臣所顓制邪！」上遂下詔曰：「朕幼而孤，皇太太后躬自養育，免于襁褓，教道以禮，至於成人，惠澤茂焉。『欲報之德，皞天罔極。』前追號皇太太后父為崇祖侯，惟念德報未殊，朕甚恧焉。侍中光祿大夫商，皇太太后父同產子，小自保大，恩義最親。其封商為汝昌侯，為崇祖侯後，更號崇祖侯為汝昌哀侯。」 |
| | After some time, the emperor wished to enfeoff Shang, a cousin of Empress Dowager Fu Taihou. Zheng Chong remonstrated: "Emperor Cheng once enfeoffed his maternal uncles as Five Marquises; Heaven responded with red-yellow daylight at dusk and black clouds in the sun. Now, two of Your Majesty's paternal grandmother's cousins have already been enfeoffed as marquises. Kongxiang Hou is the father of the empress; Gao Wu Hou was enfeoffed because he held a Three-Peers position, and still had connections. Now there is no reason to enfeoff Shang again; this would disrupt the system, defy Heaven and human sentiment, and bring misfortune upon the Fu family. Minister has heard from my teacher: "Those who defy Yang will ultimately become weak; those who defy Yin will face extreme misfortune and early death. Those who offend people invite chaos and destruction, while those who offend the gods suffer illness and premature death." Therefore, Gong of Zhou wrote a warning: "Only when the king does not understand hardship and indulges in pleasure will there be no one who can enjoy longevity." Thus, kings of declining ages suffer early death; these are all harms caused by defying Yin. Minister wishes to offer my life and body as a substitute for the nation's misfortune." Zheng Chong then rose from his position holding the imperial decree. Empress Dowager Fu was greatly enraged and said, "How can a Son of Heaven be controlled by one minister!" The emperor then issued an edict saying, "Since I was young and orphaned, Grand Empress Dowager personally raised me from infancy, nurturing and educating me with propriety until adulthood; her kindness is abundant. "The desire to repay such virtue is boundless under Heaven." Previously, I posthumously honored Grand Empress Dowager's father as Chongzu Hou; yet still feel ashamed that my repayment of virtue has not been sufficient. Shi Zhong Guangluxu Shang, the son of Grand Empress Dowager's father by a full sister, has grown from small to great through my protection; our bond is most intimate in terms of grace and kinship. Therefore, Shang shall be enfeoffed as Ruchang Hou, succeeding Chongzu Hou. The title of Chongzu Hou will henceforth be changed to Ruchang Ai Hou."
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崇又以董賢貴寵過度諫，由是重得罪。數以職事見責，發疾頸癰，欲乞骸骨，不敢。尚書令趙昌佞諂，素害崇，知其見疏，因奏崇與宗族通，疑有姦，請治。上責崇曰：「君門如巿人，何以欲禁切主上？」崇對曰：「臣門如巿，臣心如水。願得考覆。」上怒，下崇獄，窮治，死獄中。 |
| | Zheng Chong again remonstrated against the excessive favor and power of Dong Xian, thus incurring serious offense. He was repeatedly reprimanded for official duties, fell ill with a neck abscess, and wished to resign but dared not. Shangshu Ling Zhao Chang, a sycophant and long resentful of Zheng Chong, knowing that he had fallen out of favor with the emperor, then reported that Zheng was in communication with his clan, suspected of treachery, and requested an investigation. The emperor rebuked Zheng Chong: "Your household is like a marketplace full of people—how dare you criticize and constrain the Son of Heaven?" Zheng replied, "My house may be as busy as a market, but my heart is as clear as water. I wish to allow an investigation." The emperor was furious, and Zheng Chong was thrown into prison. After being subjected to relentless interrogation, he died in custody.
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孫寶字子嚴，潁川鄢陵人也。以明經為郡吏。御史大夫張忠辟寶為屬，欲令授子經，更為除舍，設儲偫。寶自劾去，忠固還之，心內不平。後署寶主簿，寶徙入舍，祭灶請比鄰。忠陰察，怪之，使所親問寶：「前大夫為君設除大舍，子自劾去者，欲為高節也。今兩府高士俗不為主簿，子既為之，徙舍甚說，何前後不相副也？」寶曰：「高士不為主簿，而大夫君以寶為可，一府莫言非，士安得獨自高？前日君男欲學文，而移寶自近。禮有來學，義無往教；道不可詘，身詘何傷？且不遭者可無不為，況主簿乎！」忠聞之，甚慚，上書薦寶經明質直，宜備近臣。為議郎，遷諫大夫。 |
| | Sun Bao, courtesy name Ziyan, was a native of Yanling, Yingchuan. He began his career as an official in the commandery through his mastery of Confucian classics. When Director of Censors Zhang Zhong appointed Sun Bao as his subordinate, he wanted him to teach his son the classics and arranged a residence for him, providing supplies in advance. Sun Bao submitted a self-reprimand and resigned; Zhang Zhong insisted on recalling him, but Sun remained inwardly resentful. Later, when Zhang Zhong appointed Sun as chief clerk, Sun moved into the residence and made a sacrifice to the kitchen god, requesting not to be neighbors with him. Zhang Zhong secretly investigated and was puzzled, so he sent a close associate to ask Sun Bao: "Previously, the Director of Censors provided you with a grand residence, yet you submitted a self-reprimand to resign—was this an attempt to display lofty virtue? Now, high-ranking scholars in the two offices do not usually serve as chief clerks. You have already accepted this position and moved into your residence with great satisfaction—why is there such inconsistency between past and present?" Sun Bao replied, "High-ranking scholars do not serve as chief clerks, yet Director of Censors believes I am suitable. No one in the office has criticized this; how can a scholar alone claim to be lofty? Previously, your son wished to study literature, so you moved me closer. According to rites, one waits for students to come seeking learning; it is against propriety to go teach them personally. The Way cannot be bent—what harm is there in bending oneself? Moreover, if one does not encounter misfortune, there is no need to refuse everything; how much less so for a chief clerk!" Zhang Zhong heard this and was deeply ashamed. He submitted a memorial recommending Sun Bao for his mastery of classics, integrity, and straightforwardness, saying he should serve as an imperial official. Sun became an Yilang and later was promoted to Counselor-in-Attendance.
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鴻嘉中，廣漢群盜起，選為益州刺史。廣漢太守扈商者，大司馬車騎將軍王音姊子，軟弱不任職。寶到部，親入山谷，諭告群盜，非本造意。渠率皆得悔過自出，遣歸田里。自劾矯制，奏商為亂首，春秋之義，誅首惡而已。商亦奏寶所縱或有渠率當坐者。商徵下獄，寶坐失死罪免。益州吏民多陳寶功效，言為車騎將軍所排。上復拜寶為冀州刺史，遷丞相司直。 |
| | During the Hongjia period, when bandits rose in Guanghan, Sun Bao was selected as Cishi of Yizhou. Hu Shang, the governor of Guanghan, was the nephew of Da Sima Cheqi Jiangjun Wang Yin through his aunt; he was weak and unfit for office. When Sun Bao arrived in the region, he personally entered the mountains and valleys to inform the bandits that they were not originally responsible for instigating the rebellion. The leaders all repented and surrendered themselves, after which Sun Bao sent them back to their villages. Sun submitted a self-reprimand for acting without imperial authorization, reporting that Hu Shang was the ringleader of the disorder. According to the principles of Chunqiu, only the chief evildoer should be punished. Hu Shang also reported that some leaders among those Sun Bao had released were still guilty and deserved punishment. Hu Shang was summoned and imprisoned, while Sun Bao was exonerated from a capital offense but relieved of his post. Many officials and people in Yizhou submitted memorials praising Sun Bao's achievements, stating that he had been unfairly treated by the Cheqi Jiangjun. The emperor then reappointed Sun Bao as Cishi of Jizhou and later promoted him to Shizhi of the Chancellor.
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時帝舅紅陽侯立使客因南郡太守李尚占墾草田數百頃，頗有民所假少府陂澤，略皆開發，上書願以入縣官。有詔郡平田予直，錢有貴一萬萬以上。寶聞之，遣丞相史按驗，發其姦，劾奏立、尚懷姦罔上，狡猾不道。尚下獄死。立雖不坐，後兄大司馬衛將軍商薨，次當代商，上度立而用其弟曲陽侯根為大司馬票騎將軍。 |
| | At that time, Emperor's maternal uncle Hongyang Hou Li sent a guest to take advantage of Nanjun Taihou Li Shang to occupy hundreds of acres of uncultivated land. Much of this was land previously leased by the people from the Shaofu for ponds and wetlands; it had now been largely developed, and an edict was submitted requesting that it be transferred to county officials. An imperial decree ordered the commandery to assess the land fairly and pay its value, with the total amount of money exceeding ten million coins. Sun Bao heard about this and sent an official from the Chancellor's Office to investigate. He uncovered their treachery and submitted a report accusing Li and Li Shang of harboring deceit, deceiving the emperor, and acting with cunning and lawlessness. Li Shang was imprisoned and died there. Although Li was not punished, later when his elder brother Da Sima Wei Jiangjun Shang died and it was Li's turn to succeed him, the emperor bypassed Li and instead appointed his younger brother Quyang Hou Gen as Da Sima Piaoqi Jiangjun.
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會益州蠻夷犯法，巴蜀頗不安，上以寶著名西州，拜為廣漢太守，秩中二千石，賜黃金三十斤。蠻夷安輯，吏民稱之。 |
| | At this time, the southern barbarians in Yizhou violated laws and Ba-Shu regions were somewhat unstable. The emperor, considering Sun Bao's reputation in western regions, appointed him as Taihou of Guanghan with a salary rank of Zhongerqian Shi (1200 dan), granting 30 jin of gold. The southern barbarians were pacified, and officials and people praised him.
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徵為京兆尹。故吏侯文以剛直不苟合常稱疾不肯仕，寶以恩禮請文，欲為布衣友，日設酒食，妻子相對。文求受署為掾，進見如賓禮。數月，以立秋日署文東部督郵。入見，敕曰：「今日鷹隼始擊，當順天氣取姦惡，以成嚴霜之誅，掾部渠有其人乎？」文卬曰：「無其人不敢空受職。」寶曰：「誰也？」文曰：「霸陵杜稚季。」寶曰：「其次。」文曰：「豺狼橫道，不宜復問狐狸。」寶默然。稚季者大俠，與衛尉淳于長、大鴻臚蕭育等皆厚善。寶前失車騎將軍，與紅陽侯有卻，自恐見危，時淳于長方貴幸，友寶，寶亦欲附之，始視事而長以稚季託寶，故寶窮，無以復應文。文怪寶氣索，知其有故，因曰：「明府素著威名，今不敢取稚季，當且闔閤，勿有所問。如此竟歲，吏民未敢誣明府也。即度稚季而譴它事，眾口讙譁，終身自墮。」寶曰：「受教。」稚季耳目長，聞知之，杜門不通水火，穿舍後牆為小戶，但持鉏自治園，因文所厚自陳如此。文曰：「我與稚季幸同土壤，素無睚眥，顧受將命，分當相直。誠能自改，嚴將不治前事，即不更心，但更門戶，適趣禍耳。」稚季遂不敢犯法，寶亦竟歲無所譴。明年，稚季病死。寶為京兆尹三歲，京師稱之。會淳于長敗，寶與蕭育等皆坐免官。文復去吏，死於家。稚季子杜蒼，字君敖，名出稚季右，在游俠中。 |
| | He was summoned to serve as Jingzhao Yin. His former subordinate Hou Wen, known for his firmness and integrity and unwilling to compromise, often claimed illness and refused official posts. Sun Bao invited Hou with kindness and courtesy, wishing to be friends as commoners, setting up daily meals of wine and food where their wives and children could sit together. Hou Wen eventually requested an official appointment as yuanshi, and Sun Bao received him with the courtesy of a guest. After several months, on the day of Lichun (Start of Autumn), Sun appointed Hou Wen as eastern postal supervisor. When Hou Wen entered for an audience, Sun Bao ordered: "Today marks the beginning of hawks and falcons striking; you should follow Heaven's will to punish evildoers, completing a severe punishment like frost. Are there any such people in your jurisdiction?" Hou Wen replied: "If no one is guilty, I dare not accept the post without cause." Sun Bao asked, "Who then?" Hou Wen said: "Balin Du Zhiji." Sun Bao asked, "Who else?" Hou Wen said: "When wolves and jackals block the road, one should not inquire further about foxes." Sun Bao fell silent. Du Zhiji was a powerful local bully, and had close ties with Weiwei Chunyu Chang, Dahanlu Xiao Yu, and others. Previously, Sun Bao had fallen out with the Cheqi Jiangjun and was at odds with Hongyang Hou. Fearing danger, he now sought to align himself with Chunyu Chang, who was powerful and favored by the emperor. Chunyu Chang had previously befriended Sun Bao, and when Sun took office, Chunyu entrusted Du Zhiji to him. Thus, Sun found himself in a difficult position and could not respond to Hou Wen's inquiry. Hou Wen noticed Sun Bao's hesitation and sensed there was a reason behind it. He then said, "Your Honor has long been renowned for your prestige; now you dare not act against Du Zhiji. You should close the case for now and refrain from further inquiry. If you do this for a whole year, officials and people will not dare to falsely accuse Your Honor." "If you suddenly punish Du Zhiji for another matter, public outcry will erupt and damage your reputation permanently." Sun Bao said: "I accept your advice." Du Zhiji had many informants and soon learned of this. He shut himself in, refusing to allow the passage of water or firewood, and dug a small door through the wall at the back of his house. He merely took up a hoe to cultivate his own garden, and thus presented himself to Hou Wen as described above. Hou Wen said: "I am fortunate to share the same native soil with Du Zhiji, and we have never had any grudges. As I now hold this official responsibility, it is my duty to act impartially toward him. "If he truly wishes to reform himself, I will not pursue past matters and will treat him strictly but fairly. If he does not genuinely change his heart, yet merely alters the appearance of his household, it would only hasten disaster." Du Zhiji thus dared not break the law again, and Sun Bao remained free from censure for the entire year. The following year, Du Zhiji fell ill and died. Sun Bao served as Jingzhao Yin for three years, and the capital city praised him highly. When Chunyu Chang fell from power, Sun Bao and Xiao Yu were all implicated and dismissed from their posts. Hou Wen once again left his official post and died at home. Du Zhiji's son Du Cang, courtesy name Junao, was even more renowned than his father among the local bullies.
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哀帝即位，徵寶為諫大夫，遷司隸。初，傅太后與中山孝王母馮太后俱事元帝，有卻，傅太后使有司考馮太后，令自殺，眾庶冤之。寶奏請覆治，傅太后大怒，曰：「帝置司隸，主使察我。馮氏反事明白，故欲擿觖以揚我惡。我當坐之。」上乃順指下寶獄。尚書僕射唐林爭之，上以林朋黨比周，左遷敦煌魚澤障候。大司馬傅喜、光祿大夫龔勝固爭，上為言太后，出寶復官。 |
| | When Emperor Ai ascended the throne, he summoned Sun Bao to serve as Jian Daifu and later promoted him to Sili. Initially, Fu Taihou and Feng Taihou, the mother of Zhongshan Xiaowang, had both served Emperor Yuan. They fell out with each other, and Fu Taihou ordered officials to investigate Feng Taihou, forcing her to commit suicide; this caused widespread public sympathy for her injustice. Sun Bao submitted a memorial requesting a re-examination of the case, which greatly angered Fu Taihou, who said: "The emperor appointed the Sili to supervise me directly. "The facts regarding Feng's rebellion are clear; you wish to stir up trouble and spread my evils." "I will hold him accountable for this!" The emperor then followed her lead and had Sun Bao imprisoned. Shangshu Puye Tang Lin protested on his behalf, but the emperor accused Tang Lin of factionalism and demoted him to serve as a guard at Yuzhe Zhanghou in Dunhuang. Daisima Fu Xi and Guanglu Daifu Gong Sheng strongly protested, and the emperor relayed their arguments to the Taihou. As a result, Sun Bao was released from prison and reinstated in his post.
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頃之，鄭崇下獄，寶上書曰：「臣聞疏不圖親，外不慮內。臣幸得銜命奉使，職在刺舉，不敢避貴幸之勢，以塞視聽之明。按尚書令昌奏僕射崇，下獄覆治，榜掠將死，卒無一辭，道路稱冤。疑昌與崇內有纖介，浸潤相陷，自禁門內樞機近臣，蒙受冤譖，虧損國家，為謗不小。臣請治昌，以解眾心。」書奏，天子不說，以寶名臣不忍誅，乃制詔丞相大司空：「司隸寶奏故尚書僕射崇冤，請獄治尚書令昌。案崇近臣，罪惡暴著，而寶懷邪，附下罔上，以春月作詆欺，遂其姦心，蓋國之賊也。傳不云乎？『 |
| | Soon after, Zheng Chong was imprisoned, and Sun Bao submitted a memorial stating: "I have heard that those who are distant do not plot against the close ones, and outsiders do not consider internal affairs. I am fortunate to have been entrusted with a mission, and my duty is to investigate and report. I dare not avoid the influence of powerful favorites in order to obstruct Your Majesty's clear vision." The Shangshu Ling, Chang Zou, reported to the Puye, Zheng Chong, who was then imprisoned for re-examination. He was subjected to brutal beatings and nearly died, yet he never uttered a single word of false accusation; people on the roads lamented his injustice. I suspect that Chang Zou and Zheng Chong had minor disputes, which led to mutual accusations through insinuations. As key officials close to the imperial court, they have suffered false accusations and unjust blame, damaging the state's reputation and causing considerable disgrace. "I request that Chang Zou be punished in order to appease public sentiment." After the memorial was submitted, the emperor was displeased. However, as Sun Bao was a renowned official and thus not to be punished lightly, he issued an imperial decree to the Chancellor and Da Sikong: "The Sili, Sun Bao, has petitioned that the former Shangshu Puye Zheng Chong is wrongfully accused and requested that the Shangshu Ling Chang Zou be investigated. Zheng Chong, a close official, has committed crimes that are clearly evident. Yet Sun Bao harbors ulterior motives, supports the lower officials while deceiving his sovereign, and in springtime spreads false accusations to satisfy his own malicious intent; he is indeed a traitor to the state. Is it not said in the Classic of Documents? "
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惡利口之覆國家。』其免寶為庶人。」 |
| | 'Evil tongues and sharp mouths bring ruin to a state.' Therefore, Sun Bao shall be stripped of his title and reduced to the rank of commoner."
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哀帝崩，王莽白王太后徵寶以為光祿大夫，與王舜等俱迎中山王。平帝立，寶為大司農。會越嶲郡上黃龍游江中，太師孔光、大司徒馬宮等咸稱莽功德比周公，宜告祠宗廟。寶曰：「周公上聖，召公大賢。尚猶有不相說，著於經典，兩不相損。今風雨未時，百姓不足，每有一事，群臣同聲，得無非其美者。」時大臣皆失色，侍中奉車都尉甄邯即時承制罷議者。會寶遣吏迎母，母道病，留弟家，獨遣妻子。司直陳崇以奏寶，事下三公即訊。寶對曰：「年七十誖眊，恩衰共養，營妻子，如章。」寶坐免，終於家。建武中，錄舊德臣，以寶孫伉為諸長。 |
| | After Emperor Ai died, Wang Mang recommended to Empress Dowager Wang that Sun Bao be summoned and appointed as Guanglu Daifu. He joined Wang Shun and others in escorting the Prince of Zhongshan. When Emperor Ping ascended the throne, Sun Bao was appointed Dasi Nong. At this time, the Yue Xi Jun reported that a yellow dragon was seen swimming in the river. The Taishi Kong Guang, Dasi Tu Ma Gong, and others all praised Wang Mang's virtues and achievements as comparable to those of the Duke of Zhou, suggesting that he should be honored with sacrifices at the ancestral temples. Sun Bao said: "The Duke of Zhou was a supreme sage, and Zhao Gong was an outstanding virtuous man. Even they still had disagreements recorded in the classics, yet neither harmed the other's reputation. Now, with untimely rains and winds, and insufficient provisions for the people, whenever an event occurs, all ministers echo in unison—this may not be a sign of true virtue." At that moment, the senior officials all turned pale. The Shizhong Fengche Duyi Zhen Han immediately received imperial authority and halted further debate. At this time, Sun Bao sent officials to welcome his mother, but she fell ill on the way and stayed at her son's home. He only sent his wife and children ahead. Sizhi Chen Chong submitted a report against Sun Bao, and the matter was referred to the Three Excellencies for immediate investigation. Sun Bao replied: "At seventy years of age, I am old and confused; my filial devotion has waned. I neglected to care for my mother and instead focused on providing for my wife and children, as stated in the report." Sun Bao was dismissed from office due to this matter and eventually died at home. During the Jianwu period, in recognition of former virtuous officials, Sun Bao's grandson, Kang, was appointed as Zhuchang.
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毌將隆字君房，東海蘭陵人也。大司馬車騎將軍王音內領尚書，外典兵馬，踵故選置從事中郎與參謀議，奏請隆為從事中郎，遷諫大夫。成帝末，隆奏封事言：「古者選諸侯入為公卿，以褒功德，宜徵定陶王使在國邸，以填萬方。」其後上竟立定陶王為太子，隆遷冀州牧、潁川太守。哀帝即位，以高第入為京兆尹，遷執金吾。 |
| | Wugiang Long, courtesy name Junfang, was a native of Lanling, Donghai. Daisima Cheqi Jiangjun Wang Yin held the internal position of Shangshu and was in charge of military affairs externally. Following precedent, he selected officials for the posts of Congshi Zhonglang and Canmou Yi. He submitted a recommendation appointing Wugiang Long as Congshi Zhonglang, later promoting him to Jian Daifu. In the later years of Emperor Cheng's reign, Long submitted a sealed memorial stating: "In ancient times, feudal lords were selected to serve as gongqing (high officials) in the imperial court to honor their virtue and achievements. It is advisable to summon the King of Dingtao to reside at his princely mansion within the capital so that he may be prepared for any future needs." Later, the emperor indeed appointed the King of Dingtao as crown prince. Wugiang Long was then promoted to Jizhou Mu and later served as Taishou of Yingchuan. When Emperor Ai ascended the throne he appointed Wugiang Long to serve as Jingzhao Yin due to his outstanding performance, and later promoted him to Zhijinwu.
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時侍中董賢方貴，上使中黃門發武庫兵，前後十輩，送董賢及上乳母王阿舍。隆奏言：「武庫兵器，天下公用，國家武備，繕治造作，皆度大司農錢。大司農錢自乘輿不以給共養，共養勞賜，壹出少府。蓋不以本臧給末用，不以民力共浮費，別公私，示正路也。古者諸侯方伯得顓征伐，乃賜斧鉞。漢家邊吏，職在距寇，亦賜武庫兵，皆任其事然後蒙之。春秋之誼，家不臧甲，所以抑臣威，損私力也。今賢等便僻弄臣，私恩微妾，而以天下公用給其私門，契國威器共其家備。民力分於弄臣，武兵設於微妾，建立非宜，以廣驕僭，非所以示四方也。孔子曰：『奚取於三家之堂！』臣請收還武庫。」上不說。 |
| | At that time, Shizhong Dong Xian was in high favor. The emperor ordered Zhonghuangmen officials to dispatch weapons from the Wu Ku (military armory) on ten separate occasions and deliver them to Dong Xian and Wang A, the emperor's wet nurse. Wugiang Long submitted a memorial stating: "The weapons in the Wu Ku are public assets of the empire, and the state's military equipment is maintained and produced with funds allocated by the Dasi Nong. The funds of the Dasi Nong are not even used to support the emperor's personal expenses, let alone for the maintenance and provisions of palace attendants. The rewards given to palace staff come entirely from the Shaofu. This is because essential state funds should not be used for trivial or secondary purposes, and the labor of the people should not support unnecessary expenditures. This distinction between public and private matters sets a proper example for governance. In ancient times, regional lords (fubos) were granted the authority to wage war independently only when they received the imperial mandate and the ceremonial axes of command. In the Han dynasty, border officials were responsible for defending against invaders; they too received weapons from the Wu Ku. However, such officials would only be granted these arms after being entrusted with their duties. According to the principles of Chunqiu (Spring and Autumn Annals), a private household should not store weapons, as this serves to restrain the power of officials and prevent the misuse of personal strength. Now, however, Dong Xian, a favored and sycophantic courtier, along with his private concubines of minor status, are using the empire's public resources to supply their own households. They appropriate state weapons for personal use, undermining national authority. Diverting the labor of the people to serve sycophants and stationing armed forces at the residences of lowly concubines is inappropriate. Such actions encourage arrogance and overstepping, which does not set a proper example for all under heaven. Confucius said: "What need have they of the ancestral halls of the three families!" "I respectfully request that these weapons be retrieved and returned to the Wu Ku." The emperor was displeased.
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頃之，傅太后使謁者買諸官婢，賤取之，復取執金吾官婢八人。隆奏言賈賤，請更平直。上於是制詔丞相、御史大夫：「交讓之禮興，則虞芮之訟息。隆位九卿，既無以匡朝廷之不逮，而反奏請與永信宮爭貴賤之賈，程奏顯言，眾莫不聞。舉錯不由誼理，爭求之名自此始，無以示百僚，傷化失俗。」以隆前有安國之言，左遷為沛郡都尉，遷南郡太守。 |
| | Soon after, Fu Taihou sent a Yezhe (imperial official) to purchase female servants from various government offices at undervalued prices and took eight female attendants from the Zhijinwu office. Wugiang Long submitted a report stating that the price was too low, and requested a fairer valuation. The emperor then issued an imperial decree to the Prime Minister and the Grand Censor: "When the rites of mutual courtesy flourish, disputes like those between Yu Rui will cease. Wugiang Long holds the rank of one of the Nine Ministers; not only has he failed to correct what the court lacks, but he dares to submit a petition disputing with Yongxin Gong over trivial matters of price. His public statement is well known by all." "His actions are not guided by propriety or reason, and such a reputation for contention begins with him. This sets no example for the officials and harms moral conduct and social customs." Because Wugiang Long had previously made a statement in defense of state stability, the emperor demoted him to Duyi of Pei Jun and later transferred him to serve as Taishou of Nan Jun.
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王莽少時，慕與隆交，隆不甚附。哀帝崩，莽秉政，使大司徒孔光奏隆前為冀州牧治中山馮太后獄冤陷無辜，不宜處位在中土。本中謁者令史立、侍御史丁玄自典考之，但與隆連名奏事。史立時為中太僕，丁玄泰山太守，及尚書令趙昌譖鄭崇者為河內太守，皆免官，徙合浦。 |
| | When Wang Mang was young, he admired Wugiang Long and wished to befriend him, but Wugiang did not show much favor toward him. After Emperor Ai's death, Wang Mang took control of the government and had Dasi Tu Kong Guang submit a memorial accusing Wugiang Long of having previously served as Jizhou Mu when he wrongfully convicted the innocent in the case involving Feng Taihou of Zhongshan. It was claimed that he was therefore unfit to hold office within the central regions. The original investigation into this matter had been conducted by Zhongyezhe Ling Shi Li and Shiyushi Ding Xuan, who were directly responsible for the examination. However, they merely submitted reports jointly signed with Wugiang Long. At the time, Shi Li was Zhong Taifu and Ding Xuan was Taishou of Tai Shan. Sushuliu Zhao Chang, who had previously falsely accused Zheng Chong, was serving as Taishou of He Nei. All three were dismissed from their posts and exiled to Hepu.
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何並字子廉，祖父以吏二千石自平輿徙平陵。並為郡吏，至大司空掾，事何武。武高其志節，舉能治劇，為長陵令，道不拾遺。 |
| | He Bing, courtesy name Zilian, had a grandfather who held the rank of Lishi Erqianshi and moved from Pingyu to Pingling. He Bing served as an official in his native commandery, eventually becoming a yuanyuan of Daisikong and serving under He Wu. He Wu admired his lofty character and recommended him for a position managing difficult cases, appointing him as Taishou of Changling. During his tenure, the road was so orderly that lost items were never picked up by others.
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初，邛成太后外家王氏貴，而侍中王林卿通輕俠，傾京師。後坐法免，賓客愈盛，歸長陵上冢，因留飲連日。並恐其犯法，自造門上謁，謂林卿曰：「冢間單外，君宜以時歸。」林卿曰：「諾。」先是林卿殺婢婿埋冢舍，並具知之，以非己時，又見其新免，故不發舉，欲無令留界中而已，即且遣吏奉謁傳送。林卿素驕，慚於賓客，並度其為變，儲兵馬以待之。林卿既去，北度涇橋，令騎奴還至寺門，拔刀剝其建鼓。並自從吏兵追林卿。行數十里，林卿迫窘，乃令奴冠其冠被其襜褕自代，乘車從童騎，身變服從間徑馳去。會日暮追及，收縛冠奴，奴曰：「我非侍中，奴耳。」並心自知已失林卿，乃曰：「王君困，自稱奴，得脫死邪？」叱吏斷頭持還，縣所剝鼓置都亭下，署曰：「故侍中王林卿坐殺人埋冢舍，使奴剝寺門鼓。」吏民驚駭。林卿因亡命，眾庶讙譁，以為實死。成帝太后以邛成太后愛林卿故，聞之涕泣，為言哀帝。哀帝問狀而善之，遷並隴西太守。 |
| | Initially, Wang Shi, the maternal family of Empress Dowager Qongcheng, was powerful; among them, Shizhong Wang Linqing associated with petty bullies and local hooligans, gaining influence in the capital. Later, after being dismissed from office for breaking the law, his circle of followers grew even larger. When he returned to Changling to visit his ancestral tomb, he stayed and hosted drinking sessions for several days in a row. He Bing feared that Wang Linqing might commit further offenses, so he personally visited his residence and paid respects. He told Wang Linqing: "The tomb area is remote; you should return at the appropriate time." Wang Linqing replied: "Yes, I will." Previously, Wang Linqing had killed his maid's husband and buried him near the tomb. He Bing was fully aware of this but did not report it at that time because he considered the matter inappropriate to pursue then, especially since Wang had just been dismissed from office. His intention was merely to prevent Wang from remaining within the jurisdiction. Thus, he sent officials with a formal letter to escort and send him away. Wang Linqing had always been arrogant, and he was ashamed before his followers. He Bing anticipated that Wang might rebel, so he prepared troops and horses in readiness. After Wang Linqing left, he crossed the north of Jing Qiao Bridge and ordered his mounted servant to return to the temple gate, where he drew a sword and slashed at the ceremonial drums. He Bing personally led officials and soldiers in pursuit of Wang Linqing. After traveling for several miles, Wang Linqing became desperate and ordered his servant to wear his hat and cloak in his place. He himself disguised as a retainer and fled through a hidden path on horseback while the servant rode away with attendants in a carriage. As evening fell, He Bing's forces caught up and captured the servant wearing Wang Linqing's hat. The servant said: "I am not a Shizhong; I am merely his servant." He Bing realized he had already lost track of Wang Linqing and said: "In a desperate situation, you claim to be his servant in order to escape death?" He Bing ordered the officials to behead the servant and bring back his head, hanging it at the Du Ting (a public pavilion) along with the drum that had been slashed. He posted a notice stating: "The former Shizhong Wang Linqin was convicted of killing someone and burying him near the tomb; he sent his servant to slash the temple gate's drum." The officials and common people were greatly shocked. Wang Linqing then fled into hiding, and the public was in an uproar, believing he had actually been executed. Empress Dowager Chengdi, because Empress Dowager Qongchen loved Wang Linqing, upon hearing the news wept and spoke to Emperor Ai on his behalf. Emperor Ai inquired about the matter and commended He Bing's actions, promoting him to Taishou of Longxi.
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| | 蓋諸葛劉... : |
徙潁川太守，代陵陽嚴詡。詡本以孝行為官，謂掾史為師友，有過輒閉閤自責，終不大言。郡中亂，王莽遣使徵詡，官屬數百人為設祖道，詡據地哭。掾史曰：「明府吉徵，不宜若此。」詡曰：「吾哀潁川士，身豈有憂哉！我以柔弱徵，必選剛猛代。代到，將有僵仆者，故相弔耳。」詡至，拜為美俗使者。是時潁川鍾元為尚書令，領廷尉，用事有權。弟威為郡掾，臧千金。並為太守，故辭鍾廷尉，廷尉免冠為弟請一等之罪，願蚤就髡鉗。並曰：「罪在弟身與君律，不在於太守。」元懼，馳遣人呼弟。陽翟輕俠趙季、李款多畜賓客，以氣力漁食閭里，至姦人婦女，持吏長短，從橫郡中，聞並且至，皆亡去。並下車求勇猛曉文法吏且十人，使文吏治三人獄，武吏往捕之，各有所部。敕曰：「三人非負太守，乃負王法，不得不治。鍾威所犯多在赦前，驅使入函谷關，勿令汙民間；不入關，乃收之。趙、李桀惡，雖遠去，當得其頭，以謝百姓。」鍾威負其兄，止雒陽，吏格殺之。亦得趙、李它郡，持頭還，並皆縣頭及其具獄於市。郡中清靜，表善好士，見紀潁川，名次黃霸。性清廉，妻子不至官舍。數年，卒。疾病，召丞掾作先令書，曰：「告子恢，吾生素餐日久，死雖當得法賻，勿受。葬為小槨，亶容下棺。」恢如父言。王莽擢恢為關都尉。建武中以並孫為郎。 |
| | He Bing was later transferred to serve as Taishou of Yingchun, succeeding Lingyang Yan Xu. Yan Xu had originally been appointed to office due to his filial piety and moral conduct. He regarded his subordinates as teachers and friends, and whenever they made a mistake, he would shut himself in and self-reproach without ever making loud public accusations. When disorder broke out in the commandery, Wang Mang sent envoys to summon Yan Xu. Hundreds of his subordinates arranged a farewell procession for him, but Yan Xu fell to the ground and wept bitterly. His subordinates said: "Your honor is being summoned on favorable terms; you should not behave like this." Yan Xu replied, "I mourn for the scholars of Yingchun. How could I myself be in any danger?" "I am being summoned because of my gentle and weak nature; surely a strong and fierce official will take my place." "When the new appointee arrives, there will be those who suffer or die as a result. That is why I am mourning." When Yan Xu arrived, he was appointed as an Envoy for Promoting Good Customs. At that time, Zhong Yuan of Yingchun served as Shangshu Ling and concurrently held the position of Tingwei, wielding considerable authority. His younger brother Zhong Wei was a yuanshi in the commandery and had hidden one thousand gold pieces. He Bing, as Taishou, therefore addressed Zhong Yuan at the Tingwei office. The Tingwei removed his hat and pleaded for a lesser punishment for his brother, requesting to be subjected to castration and branding himself instead. He Bing said: "The crime lies with your younger brother and the law; it does not lie with me, the Taishou." Zhong Yuan was frightened and hurriedly sent someone to summon his brother. Zhao Ji and Li Kuan, two light-hearted ruffians from Yangzhi, harbored many guests and used their strength to exploit the common people. They even committed adultery with women and manipulated officials for personal gain, acting recklessly throughout the commandery. Upon hearing that He Bing was about to arrive, they all fled. He Bing immediately took office and sought out about ten brave and law-savvy officials. He assigned the literate ones to handle the case of three men in prison, while sending the martial ones to capture them, each group having its own responsibilities. He Bing issued an order: "These three men have not wronged me, the Taishou; they have wronged the law of King. I cannot avoid dealing with them." "Zhong Wei's crimes mostly occurred before the amnesty was issued; drive him into Hangu Pass and do not allow him to taint the common people." "If he does not enter the pass, then arrest him." "Zhao and Li are notorious evildoers. Even if they flee far away, we must obtain their heads to atone to the people." Zhong Wei relied on his brother's influence and stopped in Luoyang, but was killed by officials. They also captured Zhao and Li in other commanderies, brought back their heads, and He Bing publicly displayed the heads along with detailed records of their crimes in the marketplace. The commandery became peaceful and orderly. The good officials were praised, and He Bing was recorded among the virtuous men of Yingchun; his reputation ranked second to Huang Ba. He Bing was by nature clean and upright, and his wife and children did not reside in the official residence. After several years, he died. When illness struck, He Bing summoned the cheng yuan to draft a will in advance. He said: "Tell my son Hui, I have long been a burden on the people without contributing; even if the law provides for funeral expenses upon my death, do not accept them." "Bury me in a small coffin, just large enough to hold the casket." Hui followed his father's words. Wang Mang promoted Hui to Guan Duwei. During the Jianwu period, He Bing's grandson was appointed as Lang.
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| | 蓋諸葛劉... : |
贊曰：蓋寬饒為司臣，正色立於朝，雖詩所謂「國之司直」無以加也。若采王生之言以終其身，斯近古之賢臣矣。諸葛、劉、鄭雖云狂瞽，有異志焉。孔子曰：「吾未見剛者。」以數子之名跡，然毌將汙於冀州，孫寶橈於定陵，況俗人乎！何並之節，亞尹翁歸云。 |
| | Commentary: Gai Kuanrao, serving as an official of the court, stood upright and with a serious demeanor. Even what is described in the "Shi Jing" (Book of Songs) as "the upholder of justice for the state" could not surpass him. If he had followed Master Wang's advice to complete his life, he would have been a truly virtuous minister of ancient times. Zhuge, Liu, and Zheng are said to be mad or blind, yet they harbored different ambitions. Confucius said: "I have not seen a truly resolute person." Judging by the names and deeds of these men, yet Guanjiang was tainted in Ji Zhou, Sun Bao compromised at Dingling—how much more so for ordinary people! The integrity of He Bing ranks second only to Yin Wengui.
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