| | 天文志: |
凡天文在圖籍昭昭可知者，經星常宿中外官凡百一十八名，積數七百八十三星，皆有州國官宮物類之象。其伏見蚤晚，邪正存亡，虛實闊骥，及五星所行，合散犯守，陵歷鬥食，彗孛飛流，日月薄食，暈適背穴，抱珥鸶蜺，迅雷風祅，怪雲變氣：此皆陰陽之精，其本在地，而上發于天者也。政失於此，則變見於彼，猶景之象形，鄉之應聲。是以明君睹之而寤，飭身正事，思其咎謝，則禍除而福至，自然之符也。 |
| | All celestial phenomena recorded in maps and documents that are clearly known include the fixed stars, the twenty-eight lunar mansions, and all external and internal officials, totaling 118 names, with a cumulative number of 783 stars; each corresponds to images representing states, regions, official positions, palaces, and material categories. Their appearances and disappearals, early or late occurrences, the existence or demise of proper or improper phenomena, whether empty or real, wide or narrow, as well as the movements of the Five Planets—when they converge, disperse, intrude upon, or guard positions; when they cross constellations or approach dangerous stars; comets and unusual celestial bodies flying or streaming; solar and lunar eclipses; halos, appropriate or inappropriate phenomena, back-illuminated holes; embracing pendants, hawks' beards, and rainbows; sudden thunderstorms, ominous winds, strange clouds, and changing atmospheric conditions—all of these are the essence of yin and yang. Their origins lie in the earth but manifest above in the heavens. If governance fails here, changes will appear there; it is like a shadow reflecting an object's form or an echo responding to sound. Therefore, a wise ruler who observes these phenomena becomes aware and awakens; he disciplines himself, corrects his affairs, reflects on the causes of misfortune and offers apologies. Then calamities are removed and blessings arrive—this is the natural omen.
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| | 天文志: |
中宮天極星，其一明者，泰一之常居也，旁三星三公，或曰子屬。後句四星，末大星正妃，餘三星後官之屬也。環之匡衛十二星，藩臣。皆曰紫宮。 |
| | The central palace, Tianji Xing (the North Pole Star), among which the one that is bright is the permanent residence of Taiyi. The three stars beside it represent the Three Dukes; some say they are the sons' subordinates. Behind them are four stars, with the last large star representing the principal queen consort; the remaining three stars belong to the ranks of the palace ladies. The twelve stars surrounding and guarding them represent vassal ministers. All are called Zi Gong (the Purple Palace).
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| | 天文志: |
前列直斗口三星，隨北耑銳，若見若不見，曰陰德，或曰天一。紫宮左三星曰天槍，右四星曰天棓。後十七星絕漢抵營室，曰閣道。 |
| | Three stars in front, aligned straight at the mouth of Dou (the Dipper), following the northern end and sharp in shape—sometimes visible, sometimes not—are called Yinde, or alternatively Tianshi. Three stars to the left of Zi Gong are called Tianqiang; four stars to its right are called Tianbai. Seventeen stars behind, crossing the Milky Way and reaching Ying Shi (the Chamber of the Phoenix), are called Gedaoo (the Overpass).
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| | 天文志: |
北斗七星，所謂「旋、璣、玉衡以齊七政」。杓攜龍角，衡殷南斗，魁枕參首。用昏建者杓；杓，自華以西南。夜半建者衡；衡，殷中州河、濟之間。平旦建者魁；魁，海岱以東北也。斗為帝車，運于中央，臨制四海。分陰陽，建四時，均五行，移節度，定緒紀，皆繫於斗。 |
| | The Seven Stars of Beidou, so-called "Xuan, Ji, and Yu Heng to regulate the seven policies." The Shao (handle) carries Longjiao; the Heng aligns with Nandou; and the Kui (head of the Dipper) rests at the head of Shen. At dusk, the Shao is used to establish direction; The Shao points southwest from Hua. At midnight, the Heng is used to establish direction; The Heng establishes direction at midnight; The Heng points between the central states of He and Ji. At dawn, the Kui is used to establish direction; Direction at dawn is established by the Kui; The Kui points northeast of Hai and Dai. Dou (the Dipper) is the emperor's chariot, moving in the center, overseeing all four seas. Dividing yin and yang, establishing the four seasons, balancing the Five Elements, shifting seasonal rhythms, fixing order and records—all are connected to Dou.
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| | 天文志: |
斗魁戴筐六星，曰文昌宮：一曰上將，二曰次將，三曰貴相，四曰司命，五曰司祿，六曰司災。在魁中，貴人之牢。魁下六星兩兩而比者，曰三能。三能色齊，君臣和；不齊，為乖戾。柄輔星，明近，輔臣親彊；斥小，疏弱。 |
| | Six stars forming a basket on the head of Dou's Kui are called Wenchang Gong (the Hall of Literature and Virtue): the first is Shangjiang, the second Cijiang, the third Guixiang, the fourth Siming, the fifth Silu, and the sixth Sizai. Within the Kui, there is a prison for noble persons. Six stars beneath the Kui that are paired and adjacent are called San Neng. When the colors of San Neng are harmonious, ruler and minister are in harmony; If they are not harmonious, it signifies discord. The stars near the handle (Bing Fu Xing), if bright and close, indicate that ministerial advisors are loyal and powerful; If distant and small, they signify sparse and weak support.
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| | 天文志: |
杓端有兩星：一內為矛，招搖；一外為盾，天蜂。有句圜十五星，屬杓，曰賤人之牢。牢中星實則囚多，虛則開出。 |
| | At the end of the Shao are two stars: one inside is Mao (spear), called Zhaoyao; one outside is a shield, Tianfeng. Fifteen stars in a curved formation belong to the Shao; they are called Jieren Zhi Lao (the Prison of Lowly People). When the stars within the prison are bright, prisoners are numerous; when dim or absent, they escape.
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| | 天文志: |
天一、槍、棓、矛、盾動搖，角大，兵起。 |
| | If Tianshi, Tianqiang, Tianbai, Mao (spear), and shield stars move or shake violently, with their angles expanding greatly, war will arise.
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| | 天文志: |
東宮蒼龍，房、心。心為明堂，大星天王，前後星子屬。不欲直；直，王失計。房為天府，曰天駟。其陰，右驂。旁有兩星曰衿。衿北一星曰鳜。東北曲十二星曰旗。旗中四星曰天市。天市中星眾者實，其中虛則耗。房南眾星曰騎官。 |
| | The Eastern Palace is the Azure Dragon, represented by Fang and Xin. Xin represents Mingtang (the Hall of Light), with its brightest star being Tiwang (the Celestial King); the stars before and after it represent his sons. They should not be straight; If they are straight, the king has lost his strategy. Fang represents Tianfu (the Celestial Treasury), called Tiansi. Its yin side is Youcan (the right hind horse). Two stars beside it are called Jin. One star north of Jin is called Gui. Twelve stars curving to the northeast are called Qi (banner). Four stars within Qi are called Tianshi (Celestial Market). When the stars in Tianshi are numerous, it is prosperous; when sparse or empty, it indicates decline. A cluster of stars to the south of Fang are called Qiguan (the Equestrian Office).
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| | 天文志: |
左角，理；右角，將。大角者，天王帝坐廷。其兩旁各有三星，鼎足句之，曰攝提。攝提者，直斗杓所指，以建時節，故曰「 |
| | The left horn, Li; the right horn, Jiang. The large horn is the celestial throne of the heavenly king and emperor's court. On each side are three stars, forming a tripod-like triangle with it; they are called She Ti. She Ti points directly to where the Shao of Dou is pointing, establishing the seasons and times, hence it is said "
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| | 天文志: |
攝提格」。亢為宗廟，主疾。其南北兩大星，曰南門。氐為天根，主疫。尾為九子，曰君臣；斥絕，不和。箕為敖客，后妃之府，曰口舌。火犯守角，則有戟。房、心，王者惡之。 |
| | She Tige." Kang represents the ancestral temple and governs diseases. The two large stars to its north and south are called Nanmen (the Southern Gate). Di is the root of heaven, governing epidemics. Wei represents nine sons, symbolizing ruler and minister; If they are distant or disconnected, it signifies disharmony. Ji represents Aoke (the wandering guest), the residence of empresses and consorts, called Koushe (gossip or disputes). If fire stars intrude upon or guard a horn, it signifies the presence of halberds. Fang and Xin are considered ominous by the king.
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| | 天文志: |
南宮朱鳥，權、衡。衡、太微，三光之廷。筐衛十二星，藩臣：西，將；東，相；南四星，執法；中，端門；左右，掖門。掖門內六星，諸侯。其內五星，五帝坐。後聚十五星，曰哀烏郎位；旁一大星，將位也。月、五星順入，軌道，司其出，所守，天子所誅也。其逆入，若不軌道，以所犯名之；中坐，成形，皆群下不從謀也。金、火尤甚。廷藩西有隨星四，名曰少微，士大夫。權，軒轅，黃龍體。前大星，女主象；旁小星，御者後宮屬。月、五星守犯者，如衡占。 |
| | The Southern Palace is Zhu Niao (the Vermilion Bird), represented by Quan and Heng. Heng and Taiwei are the courts of the three lights. Twelve stars forming a basket-like guard represent vassal ministers: to the west, Jiang (generals); to the east, Xiang (counsellors); four stars to the south represent Zhifa (executive law enforcers); in the center is Duanmen (the Gate of Ceremony); on both sides are Yimen (attendant gates). Six stars inside Yimen represent the feudal lords. Within them, five stars are called Wudi Zu (the thrones of the Five Emperors). Fifteen clustered stars behind it are called Aiwulang Wei; A large star beside them marks the position of a general. When the Moon and Five Planets enter in an orderly manner, following their orbital paths, they oversee departures, what is guarded—these are targets for imperial punishment. If they move against the order or deviate from their orbits, they are named according to what they have violated; When they appear in the center and form distinct shapes, it signifies that subordinates refuse to follow plans. Metal and Fire stars are especially significant in this regard. To the west of the court's outer walls, four accompanying stars are named Shaowei, representing scholars and officials. Quan is Xuan Yuan (the 轩辕), the body of Huanglong (the Yellow Dragon). The large star in front represents a female ruler. Small stars beside it represent attendants and the inner palace ranks. When the Moon or Five Planets guard or intrude upon these positions, their omens are interpreted as with Heng's observations.
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| | 天文志: |
東井為水事。火入之，一星居其左右，天子且以火為敗。東井西曲星曰戉；北，北河；南，南河；兩河、天闕間為關梁。輿鬼，鬼祠事；中白者為質。火守南北河，兵起，穀不登。故德成衡，觀成潢，傷成戉，禍成井，誅成質。 |
| | Dongjing governs water affairs. If a fire star enters it, with one star on either side, the Son of Heaven will suffer defeat due to fire. To the west of Dongjing, curved stars are called Yue; to the north is Beihe (Northern River); to the south is Nanhe (Southern River); The area between the two rivers and Tianque (Celestial Gate) is called Guanliang. Yugui governs ancestral temple rituals; The white star in the center is called Zhi. If a fire star guards the northern or southern river, war will arise and crops will fail to mature. Therefore, virtue is perfected in Heng; observation is perfected in Huang; injury occurs with Yue; calamity arises from Jing; punishment manifests as Zhi.
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| | 天文志: |
柳為鳥喙，主木草。七星，頸，為員宮，主急事。張，嗉，為廚，主觴客。翼為羽翮，主遠客。 |
| | Liu represents the bird's beak, governing trees and grasses. Qi Xing (Seven Stars) forms the neck, representing Yuangong (the Round Palace), which governs urgent affairs. Zhang represents the crop of a bird, forming the kitchen, governing banquets and guests. Yi represents wings, governing distant travelers or guests.
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| | 天文志: |
軫為車，主風。其旁有一小星，曰長沙，星星不欲明；明與四星等，若五星入軫中，兵大起。軫南眾星曰天庫，庫有五車。車星角，若益眾，及不具，亡處車馬。 |
| | Zhen is the chariot, governing wind. A small star beside it is called Changsha; stars should not be too bright; if its brightness equals that of four other stars, or if the Five Planets enter Zhen's area, great war will arise. A cluster of stars south of Zhen is called Tianku (the Celestial Granary), which contains five chariots. If the star representing a chariot forms an angle, increases in number, or is incomplete, it signifies loss of carriages and horses.
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| | 天文志: |
西宮咸池，曰天五潢。五潢，五帝車舍。火入，旱；金，兵；水，水。中有三柱；柱不具，兵起。 |
| | The Western Palace Xianti is called Tian Wu Huang. Wu Huang represents the chariot houses of the Five Emperors. If fire enters, there will be drought; if metal appears, war will follow; water signifies water-related events. There are three pillars within it; if the pillars are incomplete, war will arise.
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| | 天文志: |
奎曰封豨，為溝瀆。婁為聚眾。胃為天倉。其南眾星曰廥積。 |
| | Kui is called Fengxi, representing ditches and canals. Lou represents the gathering of people. Wei is the Celestial Granary. The cluster of stars to its south is called Kuang Ji (the granary accumulation).
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| | 天文志: |
昴曰旄頭，胡星也，為白衣會。畢曰罕車，為邊兵，主弋獵。其大星旁小星為附耳。附耳搖動，有讒亂臣在側。昴、畢間為天街。其陰，陰國；陽，陽國。 |
| | Mao, also known as Maotou, is a Hu star and represents the gathering of commoners. Bi, called Hancha, represents border troops and governs hunting with bows. The small stars beside its main star are called Fuer (attached ears). If the attached ears move, it indicates that there is a treacherous and seditious minister nearby. Between Mao and Bi lies Tianjie (the Celestial Street). Its southern side represents Yin Guo (Yin State); its northern side, Yang Guo (Yang State).
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| | 天文志: |
參為白虎。三星直者，是為衡石。下有三星，銳，曰罰，為斬艾事。其外四星，左右肩股也。小三星隅置，曰觜觿，為虎首，主葆旅事。其南有四星，曰天廁。天廁下一星，曰天矢。矢黃則吉；青、白、黑，凶。其西有句曲九星，三處羅列：一曰天旗，二曰天苑，三曰九斿。其東有大星曰狼，狼角變色，多盜賊。下有四星曰弧，直狼。比地有大星，曰南極老人。老人見，治安；不見，兵起。常以秋分時候之南郊。 |
| | Shen represents the White Tiger. The three stars aligned straight are called Hengshi (the balance stone). Beneath them, there are three sharp-pointed stars named Fa, representing executions and punitive actions. The four stars outside represent the left and right shoulders and thighs. Three small stars placed at the corners are called Zui Xi, representing the tiger's head and governing military protection and travel affairs. To its south there are four stars known as Tianci (Celestial Latrines). One star beneath the Celestial Latrines is called Tienshi (the celestial arrow). If the arrow appears yellow, it is auspicious; if green, white, or black, it is inauspicious. To its west are nine curved stars forming a hook, arranged in three groups: the first is Tianqi (Celestial Banner), the second is Tianyuan (Celestial Park), and the third is Jiuyou (Nine Streamers). To its east there is a large star called Lang; if the wolf's horns change color, it indicates an increase in thieves and bandits. Beneath it are four stars named Hu, aligned straight toward Lang. Compared to the ground, there is a large star known as Nanji Lao Ren (the Southern Pole Old Man). If the Southern Pole Old Man appears, it indicates good governance and peace; if he does not appear, war will arise. It is usually observed in the southern suburbs during the Autumnal Equinox.
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| | 天文志: |
北宮玄武，虛、危。危為蓋屋；虛為哭泣之事。其南有眾星，曰羽林天軍。軍西為壘，或曰戉。旁一大星，北落。北落若微亡，軍星動角益稀，及五星犯北落，入軍，軍起。火、金、水尤甚。火入，軍憂；水，水患；木、土，軍吉。危東六星，兩兩而比，曰司寇。 |
| | The Northern Palace Xuanwu includes Xu and Wei. Wei represents the roof of a house; Xu governs matters related to weeping and mourning. To its south are many stars known as Yulin Tianjun (the Celestial Army of the Feathered Forest). To the west of the army is a formation called Lei, or possibly Yue. A large star beside it is Bei Luo (Northern Drop). If Bei Luo appears faint or disappears, and the stars of the military formation move with their horns becoming more sparse, or if the Five Planets invade Bei Luo and enter the military constellation, war will erupt. Fire, metal, and water are especially significant in this context. If fire enters, the army will be troubled; if water appears, there will be a flood disaster; wood and earth indicate good fortune for the army. Six stars to the east of Wei, paired in twos, are called Sikou (the Office of Punishment).
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| | 天文志: |
營室為清廟，曰離宮、閣道。漢中四星，曰天駟。旁一星，曰王梁。王梁策馬，車騎滿野。旁有八星，絕漢，曰天橫。天橫旁，江星。江星動，以人涉水。 |
| | Yingshi represents the Clear Temple, also known as Ligung and Gedaodao. Four stars in its center are called Tiangui (Celestial Horses). One star beside them is called Wangliang. When Wangliang urges the horse, chariots and cavalry fill the fields. Beside them are eight stars that cross over the Milky Way, called Tianheng (Celestial Transverse). Near Tianheng is Jiang Xing. If the Jiang star moves, it signifies people crossing water.
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| | 天文志: |
杵、臼四星，在危南。匏瓜，有青黑星守之，魚鹽貴。 |
| | Chu and Jiu (four stars representing pestle and mortar) are located south of Wei. Paogua; if a green or black star guards it, fish and salt will become expensive.
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| | 天文志: |
南斗為廟，其北建星。建星者，旗也。牽牛為犧牲，其北河鼓。河鼓大星，上將；左，左將；右，右將。婺女，其北織女。織女，天女孫也。 |
| | Nandou represents the temple, with Jian Xing to its north. Jian Xing is a banner. Qianniu represents sacrificial animals, with Hedou to its north. The main star of Hedou is the supreme general; the left side, the Left General; the right side, the Right General. Wuniu, to its north is Zhinv. Zhinv is the daughter of Tiannü (the Celestial Woman).
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| | 天文志: |
歲星曰東方春木，於人五常仁也，五事貌也。仁虧貌失，逆春令，傷木氣，罰見歲星。歲星所在，國不可伐，可以伐人。超舍而前為贏，退舍為縮。贏，其國有兵不復；縮，其國有憂，其將死，國傾敗。所去，失地；所之，得地。一曰，當居不居，國亡；所之，國昌；已居之，又東西去之，國凶，不可舉事用兵。安靜中度，吉。出入不當其次，必有天祅見其舍也。 |
| | The planet Suixing, known as the Eastern Spring Wood, corresponds to "ren" (benevolence) among the five moral virtues in human conduct and to "mao" (appearance or demeanor) among the Five Affairs. If benevolence is lacking and appearance is lost, it defies spring's command and harms the Wood Qi; punishment will be seen in Suixing. When Suixing resides in a region, that state should not be attacked, but others may be attacked instead. If it moves ahead of its expected position, it is called Ying; if it lags behind, it is Shuo. Ying indicates that the country will have war without return; Shuo signifies that the state will face troubles, its general will die, and the nation will collapse. Where it departs from, land is lost; where it moves to, land is gained. One interpretation says: if it should reside in a position but does not, the country will be lost; wherever it moves to, that state prospers. If it has already occupied a position and then departs east or west from it, the country will suffer misfortune; military campaigns should not be undertaken. Remaining calm and moving at moderate pace is auspicious. If it enters or exits a position not according to its proper order, there will certainly be an omen of heavenly disorder appearing in that constellation.
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| | 天文志: |
歲星贏而東南，石氏「見彗星」，甘氏「不出三月乃生彗，本類星，末類彗，長二丈」。贏東北，石氏「見覺星」，甘氏「不出三月乃生天棓，本類星，末銳，長四尺」。縮西南，石氏「 |
| | If Suixing is ahead and moves southeast, Shi Shu says "a comet appears," Gan Shu states "within three months a comet will appear, its head resembling a star, its tail like a comet, two zhang in length." If Suixing is ahead to the northeast, Shi Shu says "a bright star appears," Gan Shu states "within three months a Tiandai (celestial spear) will appear, its head like a star and sharp at the end, four chi in length." If Suixing lags to the southwest, Shi Shu says "
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| | 天文志: |
見欃雲，如牛」，甘氏「不出三月乃生天槍，左右銳，長數丈」。縮西北，石氏「見槍雲，如馬」，甘氏「不出三月乃生天欃，本類星，末銳，長數丈」。石氏「槍、欃、棓、彗異狀，其殃一也，必有破國亂君，伏死其辜，餘殃不盡，為旱、凶、飢、暴疾」。至日行一尺，出二十餘日乃入，甘氏「其國凶，不可舉事用兵」。出而易，「所當之國，是受其殃」。又曰「祅星，不出三年，其下有軍，及失地，若國君喪」。 |
| | a dark cloud appears like an ox," Gan Shu states "within three months a Tianqiang (celestial lance) will appear, sharp on both sides, several zhang in length." If Suixing lags northwest, Shi Shu says "a lance-shaped cloud appears, like a horse," Gan Shu states "within three months a Zhan (celestial spear) will arise, its head resembling a star and sharp at the tip, several zhang in length." Shi Shu says, "Although the lance, spear, spear-stick, and comet appear in different forms, their ill omens are the same. There will certainly be a destroyed state and rebellious ruler; those who commit crimes will fall secretly to their punishment. Any remaining ill omen not fully exhausted will result in drought, disaster, famine, or sudden disease." If it moves one chi per day and takes over twenty days to re-enter its proper position, Gan Shu says "the state will suffer misfortune; no military campaigns or important undertakings should be initiated." If it appears easily and clearly, "the country that is in its path will bear the ill omen." It also says, "Ominous stars: within three years they appear; beneath them there will be an army, or loss of territory, as if the ruler of a state has died."
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| | 天文志: |
熒惑曰南方夏火，禮也，視也。禮虧視失，逆夏令，傷火氣，罰見熒惑。逆行一舍二舍為不祥，居之三月國有殃，五月受兵，七月國半亡地，九月地太半亡。因與俱出入，國絕祀。熒惑為亂為 |
| | Yinghuo is called the Southern Summer Fire; it corresponds to "li" (ritual propriety) among human virtues and to "shi" (inspection or observation) among the Five Functions. If ritual is lacking and observation is lost, it defies summer's command and harms Fire Qi; punishment will appear in Yinghuo. If it moves backward by one or two she (positions), it is an ill omen. If it remains in a position for three months, the country will suffer disaster; after five months, it will face war; after seven months, half of its territory will be lost; and after nine months, most of its land will be gone. If it moves in and out together with another celestial body, the state's ancestral sacrifices will cease. Yinghuo represents chaos and
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| | 天文志: |
成，為疾為喪，為飢為兵，所居之宿國受殃。殃還至者，雖大當小；居之久殃乃至者，當小反大。已去復還居之，若居之而角者，若動者，繞環之，及乍前乍後，乍左乍右，殃愈甚。一曰，熒惑出則有大兵，入則兵散。周還止息，乃為其死喪。寇亂在其野者亡地，以戰不勝。東行疾則兵聚于東方，西行疾則兵聚于西方；其南為丈夫喪，北為女子喪。熒惑，天子理也，故曰雖有明天子，必視熒惑所在。 |
| | completion, it signifies disease, funerals, famine, and war; the country where it resides in a constellation will suffer disaster. If the calamity returns to its origin, even if great, it should be treated as minor; if it resides there for a long time and disaster eventually arrives, what was thought to be minor will instead become major. If it has already departed but returns to reside there again, or if while residing there it points with its horns, moves, circles around, or shifts back and forth, left and right, the disaster will become even more severe. One saying is: When Yinghuo appears, there will be a great military campaign; when it disappears, the troops will disband. If it circles around and then stops to rest, this signifies death or mourning. If bandits and chaos are present in its region, territory will be lost, and battles will end in defeat. If it moves rapidly eastward, troops will gather to the east; if it moves rapidly westward, troops will gather to the west; its southern direction signifies the death of a man, while its northern direction signifies the death of a woman. Yinghuo represents the emperor's governance; therefore it is said that even with an enlightened sovereign, one must always observe where Yinghuo resides.
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| | 天文志: |
太白曰西方秋金，義也，言也。義虧言失，逆秋令，傷金氣，罰見太白。日方南太白居其南，日方北太白居其北，為贏，侯王不寧，用兵進吉退凶。日方南太白居其北，日方北太白居其南，為縮，侯王有憂，用兵退吉進凶。當出不出，當入不入，為失舍，不有破軍，必有死王之墓，有亡國。一曰，天下匽兵，野有兵者，所當之國大凶。當出不出，未當入而入，天下匽兵，兵在外，入。未當出而出，當入而不入，天下起兵，有至破國。未當出而出，未當入而入，天下舉兵，所當之國亡。當期而出，其國昌。出東為東方，入為北方；出西為西方，入為南方。所居久，其國利；易，其鄉凶。入七日復出，將軍戰死。入十日復出，相死之。入又復出，人君惡之。已出三日而復微入，三日乃復盛出，是為耎而伏，其下國有軍，其眾敗將北。已入三日，又復微出，三日乃復盛入，其下國有憂，帥師雖眾，敵食其糧，用其兵，虜其帥。出西方，失其行，夷狄敗；出東方，失其行，中國敗。一曰，出蚤為月食，晚為天祅及彗星，將發於亡道之國。 |
| | Taibai is called the Western Autumn Metal; it corresponds to "yi" (righteousness) among human virtues and "yan" (speech or expression) among the Five Functions. If righteousness is lacking and speech is lost, it defies autumn's command and harms Metal Qi; punishment will appear through Taibai. When the sun is in the south and Taibai resides to its south, or when the sun is in the north and Taibai resides to its north, it is called "ying"; marquises and kings will be restless; advancing with military campaigns brings good fortune, while retreating brings misfortune. When the sun is in the south but Taibai resides to its north or when the sun is in the norther but Taibai resides to the south, it is called "suo"; marquises and kings have worries; retreating with military campaigns brings good fortune while advancing brings misfortune. If it should appear but does not appear, or if it should disappear but does not disappear, this is called "sheshedan"; there will either be a defeated army or the tomb of a dead king, and a state will fall. One saying is: When Taibai appears in the heavens with no war, but there are troops on earth, the country it faces will suffer great misfortune. If it should appear but does not, or if it enters before it is due to enter, there will be no war in the world; troops are outside and will retreat inward. If it appears before its time or should disappear but does not, wars will erupt across the world, leading to the destruction of states. If it appears before its due time or enters before its due time, wars will be raised throughout the world; the country in its path will perish. If it appears at its proper time, that state will flourish. Emerging in the east signifies the eastern direction; entering signifies the northern direction; emerging in the west signifies the western direction; entering signifies the southern direction. If it resides for a long time, that country will benefit; if it appears easily or changes frequently, the direction it faces is ill-omened. If it enters and reappears after seven days, a general will die in battle. If it enters and emerges again after ten days, the prime minister will die as a result. If it enters and then reappears, the ruler will suffer misfortune from it. If after emerging for three days, it faintly disappears and then reappears strongly on the third day again, this is called "ruan er fu" (soft and concealed); beneath it there will be an army in that country, whose forces will suffer defeat and retreat. If after disappearing for three days, it weakly emerges and then strongly disappears again on the third day, this indicates that beneath it there is a country in distress; although its general commands many troops, the enemy will consume their provisions, use their forces, and capture their commander. If Taibai emerges from the west but deviates from its normal course, the barbarians of Yi and Di will be defeated; If it emerges in the east but strays from its proper path, the Central States will suffer defeat. One saying is: If it appears too early, there will be a lunar eclipse; if too late, an ill omen or comet will appear, and these signs will arise from a state on the path to destruction.
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| | 天文志: |
太白出而留桑榆間，病其下國。上而疾，未盡期日過參天，病其對國。太白經天，天下革，民更王，是為亂紀，人民流亡。晝見與日爭明，彊國弱，小國彊，女主昌。 |
| | If Taibai appears and lingers between Sangyu (a reference to the western horizon at sunset), it will bring illness or misfortune to the country beneath it. If it rises rapidly and before its full period has passed, it surpasses the height of the heavens (i.e., reaches a high position in the sky), then the country opposite to it will suffer illness or disaster. If Taibai traverses across the heavens, a great transformation occurs in the world; people change rulers; this is called disordering the calendar system, and it causes the populace to flee and become displaced. If Taibai is visible during the day and competes with the sun in brightness, strong states will weaken, weak states will grow stronger, and female rulers will flourish.
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| | 天文志: |
太白，兵象也。出而高，用兵深吉淺凶；埤，淺吉深凶。行疾，用兵疾吉遲凶；行遲，用兵遲吉疾凶。角，敢戰吉，不敢戰凶；擊角所指吉，逆之凶。進退左右，用兵進退左右吉，靜凶。圜以靜，用兵靜吉趮凶。出則兵出，入則兵入。象太白吉，反之凶。赤角，戰。 |
| | Taibai represents the image of military forces. When it appears high in the sky, deep military campaigns bring good fortune while shallow ones bring misfortune; when low, shallow campaigns are auspicious but deep ones are ominous. If it moves quickly, swift military action brings good fortune while slow action brings misfortune; if it moves slowly, delayed military campaigns are auspicious while hasty ones bring disaster. If it points with its horns (i.e., appears sharp or angular), bold warfare brings good fortune; cowardice in battle brings misfortune; attacking in the direction its horns point is auspicious, while opposing it is ominous. If it moves forward and backward or to left and right, military campaigns that advance, retreat, move left, or move right are auspicious; remaining still is ominous. If it appears round and motionless, a stationary military campaign brings good fortune while one that moves suddenly brings misfortune. When it emerges, troops go out; when it disappears, they return. If the military action mirrors Taibai's appearance, it is auspicious; if opposite, it is inauspicious. A red-horned (red-tinged) Taibai signifies war.
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| | 天文志: |
太白者，猶軍也，而熒惑，憂也。故熒惑從太白，軍憂；離之，軍舒。出太白之陰，有分軍；出其陽，有偏將之戰。當其行，太白還之，破軍殺將。 |
| | Taibai is like an army; Yinghuo represents worry or disaster. Therefore, if Yinghuo follows Taibai, the army will suffer from distress; if they separate, the military forces will relax. If it appears in Taibai's shadow (i.e., to its west), there will be divided armies; If it emerges on the sunny side of Taibai (i.e., to the east), a battle involving subordinate generals will occur. When its path intersects with that of Taibai and Taibai turns back, it signifies the destruction of an army and the death of a general.
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| | 天文志: |
辰星，殺伐之氣，戰鬥之象也。與太白俱出東方，皆赤而角，夷狄敗，中國勝；與太白俱出西方，皆赤而角，中國敗，夷狄勝。 |
| | Chenxing represents the qi of killing and warfare; it is the image of battle and combat. If Chenxing appears together with Taibai in the east, both red-hued and horned, the Yi and Di barbarians will be defeated while the Central States will triumph; if they appear together in the west with both red-hued and horned features, the Central States will be defeated while Yi and Di forces will prevail.
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| | 天文志: |
五星分天之中，積于東方，中國大利；積于西方，夷狄用兵者利。 |
| | When the Five Planets are distributed in the heavens and gather in the east, it brings great benefit to the Central States; if they congregate in the west, those who wage war as Yi or Di barbarians will gain advantage.
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| | 天文志: |
辰星不出，太白為客；辰星出，太白為主人。辰星與太白不相從，雖有軍不戰。辰星出東方，太白出西方。若辰星出西方，太白出東方，為格，野雖有兵，不戰。辰星入太白中，五日乃出，及入而上出，破軍殺將，客勝；下出，客亡地。辰星來抵，太白不去，將死。正其上出，破軍殺將，客勝；下出，客亡地。視其所指，以名破軍。辰星繞環太白，若鬥，大戰，客勝，主人吏死。辰星過太白，間可椷劍，小戰，客勝；居太白前旬三日，軍罷；出太白左，小戰；歷太白右，數萬人戰，主人吏死；出太白右，去三尺，軍急約戰。 |
| | If Chenxing does not appear and Taibai alone emerges, it signifies an invading force (the guest army); if Chenxing appears, then Taibai represents the defending side (the host). If Chenxing and Taibai do not appear together, even if there is an army, no battle will take place. Chenxing appears in the east while Taibai appears in the west. If Chenxing emerges from the west and Taibai from the east, this is called "ge"; although there may be troops in the field, no battle will occur. If Chenxing enters Taibai and takes five days to emerge again, or if it disappears while rising above Taibai, this signifies the destruction of an army, death of a general, and victory for the invading force; if Chenxing exits below Taibai, then the invading side will lose territory. If Chenxing approaches and Taibai does not move away, a general will die. If it rises directly above in the proper position, an army will be destroyed and a general killed; the invading force wins; if it emerges from below, the invading side loses territory. Observe where it points to determine which army will be destroyed. If Chenxing circles around Taibai or confronts it in a "fight," a great battle will occur; the invading force will win, and officials of the defending side will die. If Chenxing passes by Taibai with a narrow gap between them (as if one could hold a sword between them), there will be minor battles, and the invading force will prevail; if it appears three days before Taibai for ten consecutive days, military campaigns will end; if it emerges to the left of Taibai, there will be minor battles; if it passes through the right side of Taibai, tens of thousands will fight and officials on the defending side will die; If Chenxing appears to the right of Taibai at a distance of three chi (about 75 cm), troops will urgently prepare for battle.
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| | 天文志: |
凡太白所出所直之辰，其國為得位，得位者戰勝。所直之辰順其色而角者勝，其色害者敗。太白白比狼，赤比心，黃比參右肩，青比參左肩，黑比奎大星。色勝位，行勝色，行得盡勝之。 |
| | In general, the state where Taibai appears or directly faces in its zodiacal position is said to "obtain its proper place"; those who obtain their proper place will win battles. If the zodiacal sign it faces matches its color and it appears horned, then victory is assured; if the color is inauspicious or harmful, defeat will follow. Taibai's white hue corresponds to Lang; its red hue corresponds to Xin; its yellow hue corresponds to the right shoulder of Shen; its blue hue corresponds to the left shoulder of Shen; and its black hue corresponds to Kui's major star. If color dominates position, movement dominates color, and if movement is fully favorable, then complete victory will be achieved.
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| | 天文志: |
辰星曰北方冬水，知也，聽也。知虧聽失，逆冬令，傷水氣，罰見辰星。出蚤為月食，晚為彗星及天祅。一時不出，其時不和；四時不出，天下大饑。失其時而出，為當寒反溫，當溫反寒。當出不出，是謂擊卒，兵大起。與它星遇而鬥，天下大亂。出於房、心間，地動。 |
| | Chenxing is called the Northern Winter Water; it corresponds to "zhi" (knowledge) among human virtues and "ting" (hearing or listening) among the Five Functions. If knowledge is lacking and hearing is lost, it defies winter's command and harms Water Qi; punishment will be seen in Chenxing. Appearing too early signifies a lunar eclipse; appearing too late indicates the appearance of comets or ill omens. If it does not appear for one season, that season will be disharmonious; if it fails to appear in all four seasons, there will be great famine across the world. If it appears at an improper time, it indicates that when cold should prevail, warmth instead occurs, and when warmth is expected, cold prevails instead. If it fails to appear when it should, this is called "jicu"; great wars will erupt. If it meets and confronts another star in the heavens, great chaos will arise throughout the world. If it appears between Fang and Xin (constellations), there will be an earthquake.
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| | 天文志: |
填星曰中央季夏土，信也，思心也。仁義禮智以信為主，貌言視聽以心為正，故四星皆失，填星乃為之動。填星所居，國吉。未當居而居之，若已去而復還居之，國得土，不乃得女子。當居不居，既已居之，又東西去之，國失土，不乃失女，不，有土事若女之憂。居宿久，國福厚；易，福薄。當居不居，為失填，其下國可伐；得者，不可伐。其贏，為王不寧；縮，有軍不復。一曰，既已居之又東西去之，其國凶，不可舉事用兵。失次而上一舍三舍，有王命不成，不乃大水；失次而下二舍，有后慼，其歲不復，不乃天裂若地動。 |
| | Tianxing is called the Central Late Summer Earth; it corresponds to "xin" (trustworthiness) among human virtues and "sixin" (thought or contemplation) among the Five Functions. Benevolence, righteousness, propriety, and wisdom are all governed by trustworthiness; appearance, speech, sight, and hearing are regulated by the mind. Therefore, if the four stars (Jupiter, Venus, Mercury, and Mars) are out of order, Tianxing will be moved accordingly. Wherever Tianxing resides, the state enjoys good fortune. If it resides in a position where it should not be, or if it has already departed but returns to reside there again, the state will gain territory; otherwise, it may gain a woman. If it should reside in a position but does not, or if having already resided there, it departs to the east or west, the state will lose territory; otherwise, it may lose a woman. If neither occurs, there will still be concerns related to land matters or women. If it resides in its constellation for a long time, the state's blessings are abundant; if it changes positions easily, the blessings will be shallow. If it should reside in its position but does not do so, this is called "shitian"; the state beneath it may be attacked; if a state possesses Tianxing, however, it cannot be conquered. If it is too bright (yin), the king will not find peace; if it appears dimmed or shrunken, troops sent out will not return. One interpretation says: if after having already resided in its position it departs to the east or the west, that state will suffer misfortune and should not undertake any military actions. If it loses its position and moves up by one or three lodgings (constellations), a royal decree will not be fulfilled, or there may instead be great floods; if it loses its position and descends by two lodgings, the queen will suffer sorrow, the year's harvest will not recover, or there may be a tear in the sky or an earthquake.
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| | 天文志: |
凡五星，歲與填合則為內亂，與辰合則為變謀而更事，與熒惑合則為飢，為旱，與太白合則為白衣之會，為水。太白在南，歲在北，名曰牡牡，年穀大孰。太白在北，歲在南，年或有或亡。熒惑與太白合則為喪，不可舉事用兵；與填合則為憂，主孽卿；與辰合則為北軍，用兵舉事大敗。填與辰合則將有覆軍下師；與太白合則為疾，為內兵。辰與太白合則為變謀，為兵憂。凡歲、熒惑、填、太白四星與辰鬥，皆為戰，兵不在外，皆為內亂。一曰，火與水合為淬，與金合為鑠，不可舉事用兵。土與金合國亡地，與木合則國饑，與水合為雍沮，不可舉事用兵。木與金合鬥，國有內亂。同舍為合，相陵為鬥。二星相近者其殃大，二星相遠者殃無傷也，從七寸以內必之。 |
| | In general, when any of the Five Planets—Jupiter (Suixing), Saturn (Tianxing), Venus (Chenxing), Mars (Yinghuo), and Mercury (Taibai)—conjoin with Jupiter (Sui Xing), it signifies internal disorder; if they conjoin with Chenxing, it indicates a change in plans or new affairs; if they conjoin with Yinghuo, there will be famine or drought; if they conjoin with Taibai, it means the gathering of commoners dressed in white and water-related events. If Taibai is in the south while Sui Xing is in the north, it is called "mumu," and there will be a great harvest of grain. If Taibai is located to the north while Sui Xing resides in the south, it signifies that the year may either yield a harvest or suffer loss. If Yinghuo and Taibai conjoin, it indicates mourning; military campaigns should not be initiated at this time; if they conjoin with Tianxing, it brings worry and signifies the rise of a rebellious minister or noble. If they conjoin with Chen Xing, it indicates the northern army; initiating military campaigns at this time will result in great defeat. If Tianxing and Chenxing conjoin, there will be a defeated army and a commander who falls from power; if they conjoin with Taibai (Mercury), it indicates illness or internal military conflict. If Chenxing and Taibai conjoin, this signifies a change in plans and brings concern over military affairs. Whenever Sui Xing (Jupiter), Yinghuo (Mars), Tianxing (Saturn), or Taibai (Mercury) conjoin with Chenxing in the heavens, it signifies war; if such conjunctions occur and military forces are not deployed externally, they will instead lead to internal disorder. One interpretation says: when Fire (Mars) and Water (Mercury) conjoin, it is called "cui"; when they conjoin with Metal (Jupiter or Mercury), it is called "shuo"—in such cases, military campaigns should not be undertaken. When Earth (Saturn) and Metal conjoin, the state will lose land; when they conjoin with Wood (Jupiter), there will be famine in the country; when they conjoin with Water (Mercury), it results in obstruction and stagnation—military campaigns should not be launched at such times. When Wood (Jupiter) and Metal (Saturn or Mercury) conjoin and clash, there will be internal disorder in the state. Being in the same constellation is called "he" (conjunction), while one overpowering another is termed "dou" (clash). When two stars are close together, the calamity will be great; when they are far apart, the calamity does not cause harm. If their distance is within seven cun (approximately 23 centimeters), it must certainly happen.
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| | 天文志: |
凡月食五星，其國必亡：歲以飢，熒惑以亂，填以殺，太白彊國以戰，辰以女亂。月食大角，王者惡之。 |
| | Whenever a lunar eclipse occurs in conjunction with any of the Five Planets, the corresponding state will certainly suffer: an eclipse with Sui Xing (Jupiter) brings famine; with Yinghuo (Mars) brings disorder; with Tianxing (Saturn) brings killing or death; with Taibai (Mercury)—a strong nation—brings war; and with Chenxing (Venus) brings chaos caused by women. If a lunar eclipse occurs near Dajiao, the ruler will suffer ill fortune from it.
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| | 天文志: |
凡五星所聚宿，其國王天下：從歲以義，從熒惑以禮，從填以重，從太白以兵，從辰以法。以法者，以法致天下也。三星若合，是謂驚立絕行，其國外內有兵與喪，民人乏飢，改立王公。四星若合，是謂大湯，其國兵喪並起，君子憂，小人流。五星若合，是謂易行：有德受慶，改立王者，掩有四方，子孫蕃昌；亡德受罰，離其國家，滅其宗廟，百姓離去，被滿四方。五星皆大，其事亦大；皆小，其事亦小也。 |
| | Whenever the Five Planets gather in a particular constellation, the state corresponding to that position will rule over all under heaven: following Sui Xing signifies governance through righteousness; following Yinghuo signifies governance through propriety; following Tianxing signifies governance with emphasis on weight or stability; following Taibai signifies governance by military might; and following Chenxing signifies governance according to law. Governance through law means governing the entire world in accordance with legal principles. If three of the stars conjoin, it is said to be "jingli juexing," meaning sudden upheaval and severed conduct; in such a case, there will be war and mourning both within and beyond the state's borders, the people will suffer from famine, and kings or nobles may be deposed or replaced. If four of the stars conjoin, this is called "dangtang," meaning great turmoil; in such a case, war and mourning will arise simultaneously within the state, the virtuous will be distressed, and the wicked will scatter. If all five stars conjoin, this is termed "yixing," meaning a change in the course of affairs: those with virtue will receive blessings; rulers may be replaced or established anew; they will dominate all directions and their descendants will flourish. Those lacking virtue, however, will suffer punishment: they will lose their homeland, have their ancestral temples destroyed, and the people will scatter; their disgrace will spread in all directions. If all five stars appear especially bright, the events associated with them will also be significant; if they are dim, then the events will be minor as well.
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| | 天文志: |
凡五星色：皆圜，白為喪為旱，赤中不平為兵，青為憂為水，黑為疾為多死，黃吉；皆角，赤犯我城，黃地之爭，白哭泣之聲，青有兵憂，黑水。五星同色，天下匽兵，百姓安寧，歌舞以行，不見災疾，五穀蕃昌。 |
| | In general, the colors of the Five Planets indicate the following: if they all appear round and white, it signifies mourning or drought; red with an uneven center indicates war; green (or blue) signifies sorrow or floods; black means illness or many deaths; yellow is auspicious. If they all appear angular: red indicates an enemy attacking our city; yellow signifies a land dispute; white represents weeping and lamentation; green (or blue) brings military concern; black indicates water-related events. If all five stars share the same color, it signifies peace throughout the land; the people will live in tranquility, dancing and singing freely without encountering disasters or illness, and the five grains will flourish abundantly.
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| | 天文志: |
凡五星，歲，緩則不行，急則過分，逆則占。熒惑，緩則不出，急則不入，違道則占。填，緩則不建，急則過舍，逆則占。太白，緩則不出，急則不入，逆則占。辰，緩則不出，急則不入，非時則占。五星不失行，則年穀豐昌。 |
| | In general, for all Five Planets: if Sui Xing moves slowly, it does not proceed; if too quickly, it exceeds its bounds; and if moving in the wrong direction (retrograde), it should be recorded as an omen. For Yinghuo: if it moves slowly, it will not emerge; if too quickly, it will not enter its proper position; and if it deviates from its path, it should be recorded as an ill omen. For Tianxing: if it moves slowly, the foundation will not be established; if too quickly, it passes beyond its lodgings; and if moving retrograde, it should be recorded as a portent. For Taibai: if it moves slowly, it does not emerge; if too quickly, its entry is hindered; and if moving in reverse (retrograde), this should be recorded as an ominous sign. For Chenxing: if it moves slowly, it fails to emerge; if too quickly, entry is obstructed; and if appearing at an improper time (season), this should be recorded as a significant omen. If the Five Planets do not deviate from their proper courses, then there will be abundant and prosperous harvests of grain in that year.
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| | 天文志: |
凡以宿星通下之變者，維星散，句星信，則地動。有星守三淵，天下大水，地動，海魚出。紀星散者山崩，不即有喪。龜、鱉星不居漢中，川有易者。辰星入五車，大水。熒惑入積水，水，兵起；入積薪，旱，兵起；守之，亦然。極後有四星，名曰句星。斗杓後有三星，名曰維星。散者，不相從也。三淵，蓋五車之三柱也。天紀屬貫索。積薪在北戍西北。積水在北戍東北。 |
| | Generally speaking, when the positions of stars correspond to changes below on earth: if Weixing disperses and Gouxing appears trustworthy, an earthquake will occur. If a star remains stationed over the Three Depths (San Yuan), there will be great floods across the land, earthquakes, and sea fish emerging on shore. When Jixing disperses, it signifies a mountain collapse; if not immediately so, there will be mourning. If Guixing and Bie Xing do not reside in the Hanzhong region, it indicates a change or disturbance in the rivers. When Chenxing enters Wu Che (Five Chariots), there will be great flooding. If Yinghuo enters Jishui, it signifies water-related calamities and the outbreak of war; if it enters Jixun (heap of firewood), there will be drought and military conflict; If Yinghuo remains stationed in these positions, the same consequences will occur. Behind Ji (the North Pole) there are four stars, named Gouxing. Behind the Doushao (handle of the Dipper) there are three stars, called Weixing. "San" means they do not follow one another in formation. The Three Depths are presumably the three pillars of Wu Che (the Five Chariots). Tianji belongs to Guansuo. Jixun is located in the northwest of Bei Shu (Northern Garrison). Jishui is situated to the northeast of Bei Shu.
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| | 天文志: |
角、亢、氐，沇州。房、心，豫州。尾、箕，幽州。斗，江、湖。牽牛、婺女，揚州。虛、危，青州。營室、東壁，并州。奎、婁、胃，徐州。昂、畢，冀州。觜觿、參，益州。東井、輿鬼，雍州。柳、七星、張，三河。翼、軫，荊州。 |
| | Jiao, Kang, and Di correspond to Yan Zhou (Yan State). Fang and Xin correspond to Yu Zhou. Wei and Ji correspond to You Zhou. Dou corresponds to the rivers and lakes (Jianghu). Qianniu and Wuniu correspond to Yang Zhou. Xu and Wei correspond to Qing Zhou. Yingshi and Dongbi correspond to Bing Zhou. Kui, Lou, and Wei correspond to Xu Zhou. Ang and Bi correspond to Ji Zhou. Zui Xi and Shen correspond to Yi Zhou. Dongjing and Yugui correspond to Yong Zhou. Liu, Qixing, and Zhang correspond to San He (Three Rivers). Yi and Zhen correspond to Jing Zhou.
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| | 天文志: |
甲乙，海外，日月不占。丙丁，江、淮、海、岱。戊己，中州河、濟。庚辛，華山以西。壬癸，常山以北。一曰，甲齊，乙東夷，丙楚，丁南夷，戊魏，己韓，庚秦，辛西夷，壬燕、趙，癸北夷。子周，丑翟，寅趙，卯鄭，辰邯鄲，巳衛，午秦，未中山，申齊，酉魯，戌吳、越，亥燕、代。 |
| | Jia and Yi belong to the regions beyond the seas, where the sun and moon are not recorded as omens. Bing and Ding correspond to the rivers Jiang and Huai, the sea, and Mount Dai. Wu and Ji belong to Zhong Zhou (Central State), corresponding to the Yellow River and the Ji River. Geng and Xin correspond to areas west of Mount Hua. Ren and Gui belong to regions north of Changshan. One interpretation says: Jia corresponds to Qi, Yi to the eastern barbarians (Dongyi), Bing to Chu, Ding to the southern barbarians (Nanyi), Wu to Wei, Ji to Han, Geng to Qin, Xin to the western barbarians (Xiyi), Ren to Yan and Zhao, Gui to the northern barbarians (Beiyi). Zi corresponds to Zhou, Chou to Di, Yin to Zhao, Mao to Zheng, Chen to Handan, Si to Wei, Wu to Qin, Wei to Zhongshan, Shen to Qi, You to Lu, Xu to Wu and Yue, Hai to Yan and Dai.
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| | 天文志: |
秦之疆，候太白，占狼、弧。吳、楚之疆，候熒惑，占鳥衡。燕、齊之疆，候辰星，占虛、危。宋、鄭之疆，候歲星，占房、心。晉之疆，亦候辰星，占參、罰。及秦并吞三晉、燕、代，自河、山以南者中國。中國於四海內則在東南，為陽，陽則日、歲星、熒惑、填星，占於街南，畢主之。其西北則胡、貉、月氏旃裘引弓之民，為陰，陰則月、太白、辰星，占於街北，昴主之。故中國山川東北流，其維，首在隴、蜀，尾沒於勃海碣石。是以秦、晉好用兵，復占太白。太白主中國，而胡、貉數侵掠，獨占辰星。辰星出入趮疾，常主夷狄，其大經也。 |
| | For the territory of Qin, observe Taibai; omens are taken from Langxing and Huxing. For the territories of Wu and Chu, observe Yinghuo; omens are drawn from Niaoheng. For the territories of Yan and Qi, observe Chenxing; omens are derived from Xu and Wei. For the territories of Song and Zheng, observe Suixing; omens are determined by Fang and Xin. For the territory of Jin, also observe Chenxing; omens come from Shen and Fa. When Qin annexed the three states of Jin (Han, Zhao, Wei), Yan, and Dai, all regions south of the Yellow River and Taihang Mountains became part of China. Within the four seas, China is located in the southeast; this corresponds to Yang energy. The Yang aspect includes the sun, Suixing (Jupiter), Yinghuoxing (Mars), and Tianxing (Saturn). Omens for these are observed south of Jie Nan, with Bi Xing as their master. The northwest is inhabited by the Hu, Mo, and Yuezhi peoples who wear felt and fur and use bows; this corresponds to Yin energy. The Yin aspect includes the moon, Taibai (Venus), and Chenxing (Mercury). Omens for these are taken north of Jie Bei, with Mao Xing as their master. Therefore, the rivers and mountains of China flow northeastward; its axis begins in Long (Gansu) and Shu (Sichuan), ending at Bohai Jieshi. Therefore, Qin and Jin favored the use of military force and also observed Taibai for omens. Taibai governs China, while the Hu and Mo peoples frequently raided it; they were uniquely associated with Chenxing. Chenxing moves in and out rapidly and is often associated with the Yi and Di peoples, which is its fundamental principle.
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| | 天文志: |
凡五星，早出為贏，贏為客；晚出為縮，縮為主人。五星贏縮，必有天應見杓。 |
| | In general, when any of the five planets appear early, it is called Ying; Ying signifies an invader or guest force; when they appear late, it is termed Suo; Suo signifies the defending host. Whenever there are gains or losses in the appearances of the five planets, there must be a corresponding celestial omen visible at the Diao (the handle of the Dipper).
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| | 天文志: |
太歲在寅曰攝提格。歲星正月晨出東方，石氏曰名監德，在斗、牽牛。失次，杓，早水，晚旱。甘氏在建星、婺女。太初曆在營室、東壁。 |
| | When Tai sui is in Yin, it is called She Tige. In the first month of spring, Suixing appears at dawn in the east; Shi Shi said its name is Jiande, located in Dou and Qianniu. If it deviates from its proper position, omens appear at Diao: early appearances bring floods, late ones bring droughts. Gan Shi placed it in Jianxing and Wuniu. The Taichu calendar places it in Yingshi and Dongbi.
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| | 天文志: |
在卯曰單閼。二月出，石氏曰名降入，在婺女、虛、危。甘氏在虛、危。失次，杓，有水災。太初在奎、婁。 |
| | When Tai sui is in Mao, it is called Danye. It appears in the second month; Shi Shi named it Jiangru, located in Wuniu, Xu, and Wei. Gan Shi placed it in Xu and Wei. If it deviates from its position, omens at Diao indicate a water disaster. The Taichu calendar placed it in Kui and Lou.
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| | 天文志: |
在辰曰執徐。三月出，石氏曰名青章，在營室、東壁。失次，杓，早旱，晚水。甘氏同。太初在胃、昴。 |
| | When Tai sui is in Chen, it is called Zhixu. It appears in the third month; Shi Shi named it Qingzhang, located in Yingshi and Dongbi (Eastern Wall). If it deviates from its order, omens at Diao appear: early appearances bring droughts, late ones bring floods. Gan Shi's placement is the same. The Taichu calendar placed it at Wei and Mao.
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| | 天文志: |
在巳曰大荒落。四月出，石氏曰名路踵，在奎、婁。甘氏同。太初在參、罰。 |
| | When Tai sui is in Si, it is called Dahuangluo. It appears in the fourth month; Shi Shi named it Luzhong, located at Kui and Lou. Gan Shi's placement was the same. The Taichu calendar placed it on Shen and Fa.
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| | 天文志: |
在午曰敦牂。五月出，石氏曰名啟明，在胃、昴、畢。失次，杓，早旱，晚水。甘氏同。太初在東井、輿鬼。 |
| | When Tai sui is in Wu, it is called Dunzang. It appears in the fifth month; Shi Shi named it Qiming, located at Wei, Mao, and Bi. If it deviates from order, omens appear at Diao: early appearances bring droughts; late ones bring floods. Gan Shi's placement is identical. The Taichu calendar placed it east of Jing and Yuguǐ.
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| | 天文志: |
在未曰協洽。六月出，石氏曰名長烈，在觜觿、參。甘氏在參、罰。太初在注、張、七星。 |
| | When Tai sui is in Wei, it is called Xieqia. It appears in the sixth month; Shi Shi named it Changlie, located at Zui Xi and Shen. Gan Shi placed it on Shen and Fa (the Punishment Star). The Taichu calendar located it in Zhu, Zhang, and Qixing.
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| | 天文志: |
在申曰涒灘。七月出。石氏曰名天晉，在東井、輿鬼。甘氏在弧。太初在翼、軫。 |
| | When Tai sui is in Shen, it is called Hutan. It appears in the seventh month. Shi Shi named it Tianjin, located at Dongjing and Yuguǐ. Gan Shi placed it at Hu (the Bow Star). The Taichu calendar positioned it in Yi and Zhen.
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| | 天文志: |
在酉曰作詻。爾雅作作噩。八月出，石氏曰名長壬，在柳、七星、張。失次，杓，有女喪、民疾。甘氏在注、張。失次，杓，有火。太初在角、亢。 |
| | When Tai sui is in You, it is called Zuojian. The Erya records it as Zuoe. It appears in the eighth month; Shi Shi named it Zhangren, located at Liu, Qixing, and Zhang. If it deviates from its place, omens appear at Diao: there will be female deaths or diseases among the people. Gan Shi placed it in Zhu and Zhang. If it deviates from position, omens at Diao suggest a fire disaster. The Taichu calendar placed it within Jiao and Kang.
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| | 天文志: |
在戌曰掩茂。九月出，石氏曰名天睢，在翼、軫。失次，杓，水。甘氏在七星、翼。太初在氐、房、心。 |
| | When Tai sui is in Xu, it is called Yanmao. It appears in the ninth month; Shi Shi named it Tiansui, located at Yi and Zhen. If it deviates from its course, omens appear at Diao: there will be a flood disaster. Gan Shi placed it in Qixing and Yi. The Taichu calendar situated it at Di, Fang, and Xin.
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| | 天文志: |
在亥曰大淵獻。十月出，石氏曰名天皇，在角、亢始。甘氏在軫、角、亢。太初在尾、箕。 |
| | When Tai sui is in Hai, it is called Dayuanxian. It appears in the tenth month; Shi Shi named it Tianhuang, beginning at Jiao and Kang. Gan Shi placed it within Zhen, Jiao, and Kang. The Taichu calendar set it at Wei and Ji.
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| | 天文志: |
在子曰困敦。十一月出，石氏曰名天宗，在氐、房始。甘氏同。太初在建星、牽牛。 |
| | When Tai sui is in Zi, it is called Kundi. It appears in the eleventh month; Shi Shi named it Tianzong, beginning at Di and Fang. Gan Shi's placement is also the same. The Taichu calendar placed it between Jianxing and Qianniu.
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| | 天文志: |
在丑曰赤奮若。十二月出，石氏曰名天昊，在尾、箕。甘氏在心、尾。太初在婺女、虛、危。 |
| | When Tai sui is in Chou, it is called Chifanruo. It appears in the twelfth month; Shi Shi named it Tianhao, located at Wei and Ji. Gan Shi placed it between Xin and Wei. The Taichu calendar situates it at Wuniu, Xu, andwei.
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| | 天文志: |
甘氏、太初曆所以不同者，以星贏縮在前，各錄後所見也。其四星亦略如此。 |
| | The differences between Gan Shi's records and the Taichu calendar arise because they recorded the positions of stars after their gains or losses, each according to what was observed later. The four other planets also follow this pattern roughly.
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| | 天文志: |
古曆五星之推，亡逆行者，至甘氏、石氏經，以熒惑、太白為有逆行。夫曆者，正行也。古人有言曰：「天下太平，五星循度，亡有逆行。日不食朔，月不食望。」夏氏日月傳曰：「日月食盡，主位也；不盡，臣位也。」星傳曰：「日者德也，月者刑也，故曰日食修德，月食修刑。」然而曆紀推月食，與二星之逆亡異。熒惑主內亂，太白主兵，月主刑。自周室衰，亂臣賊子師旅數起，刑罰失中，雖其亡亂臣賊子師旅之變，內臣猶不治，四夷猶不服，兵革猶不寢，刑罰猶不錯，故二星與月為之失度，三變常見；及有亂臣賊子伏尸流血之兵，大變乃出。甘、石氏見其常然，因以為紀，皆非正行也。《》云：「彼月而食，則惟其常；此日而食，于何不臧？」詩傳曰：「月食非常也，比之日食猶常也，日食則不臧矣。」謂之小變，可也；謂之正行，非也。故熒惑必行十六舍，去日遠而顓恣。太白出西方，進在日前，氣盛乃逆行。及月必食於望，亦誅盛也。 |
| | In ancient calendars, the five planets were calculated without retrograde motion; it was not until the records of Gan Shi and Shi Shi that Yinghuo (Mars) and Taibai (Venus) were recognized as having retrograde movement. A calendar is about regular motion. Ancient people said: "When the world is at peace, the five planets follow their proper paths and do not exhibit retrograde motion." "The sun does not eclipse on new moon days, and the moon does not eclipse on full moon nights." The Xia Shi's treatise on solar and lunar eclipses says: "When a total eclipse of the sun or moon occurs, it signifies the emperor's position; if it is not complete, it indicates the position of ministers." The treatise on stars says: "The sun represents virtue; the moon represents punishment. Hence it is said, 'When a solar eclipse occurs, cultivate virtue; when a lunar eclipse occurs, correct punishment.'" However, the calendar records of lunar eclipses are no different from the retrograde motions of these two stars. Yinghuo signifies internal disorder; Taibai signifies military affairs; and the moon governs punishment. Since the decline of the Zhou dynasty, rebellious ministers and traitorous sons have repeatedly raised armies; punishments have been unjust. Even when there are no actual changes involving such ministers or military uprisings, internal officials remain uncontrolled, the four barbarian groups still 不服 (remain 不服), warfare does not cease, and punishments remain misapplied. Therefore, these two stars and the moon deviate from their proper courses; these three kinds of changes are commonly observed; and when there is actual bloodshed caused by rebellious ministers or traitorous sons, a major celestial change occurs. Gan Shi and Shi Shi observed these regular occurrences and thus used them as records; however, none of these pertain to the normal motion. The "Shijing" says: "When a lunar eclipse occurs, it is but its usual course; this solar eclipse, in what way is it not ominous?" The commentary on the "Shijing" says: "A lunar eclipse is abnormal, but compared to a solar eclipse it is still normal; only a solar eclipse truly signifies misfortune." To call it a minor change is acceptable; to call it regular motion, however, is incorrect. Therefore, Yinghuo must traverse sixteen mansions before moving far from the sun and acting recklessly. Taibai appears in the west; when it advances ahead of the sun, its energy is strong enough to exhibit retrograde motion. And a lunar eclipse must occur at full moon, also indicating excessive punishment.
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| | 天文志: |
國皇星，大而赤，狀類南極。所出，其下起兵。兵彊，其衝不利。 |
| | The Guohuang Xing is large and red in color, resembling the South Pole Star in appearance. Wherever it appears, military forces will rise below it. If the army is strong, its opposing side will suffer misfortune.
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| | 天文志: |
昭明星，大而白，無角，乍上乍下。所出國，起兵多變。 |
| | The Zhaoming Xing is large and white in color, without horns, appearing suddenly high or low. The country where it appears will experience frequent changes in military campaigns.
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| | 天文志: |
五殘星，出正東，東方之星。其狀類辰，去地可六丈，大而黃。 |
| | The Wucan Xing emerges from the due east, being a star of the eastern direction. Its appearance resembles that of Chen (a constellation), located about six zhang above the ground, large and yellow in color.
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| | 天文志: |
六賊星，出正南，南方之星。去地可六丈，大而赤，數動，有光。 |
| | The Liuzei Xing emerges from due south, being a star of the southern direction. It is about six zhang above ground level, large and red in color; it moves frequently and has brightness.
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| | 天文志: |
司詭星，出正西，西方之星。去地可六丈，大而白，類太白。 |
| | The Siguǐ Xing emerges from due west, being a star of the western direction. lòng It is about six zhang away from the ground, large and white in color, resembling Taibai.
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| | 天文志: |
咸漢星，出正北，北方之星。去地可六丈，大而赤，數動，察之中青。 |
| | The Xihan Xing emerges from due north, being a star of the northern direction. It is about six zhang from the ground, large and red in color, moving frequently; upon close observation, it appears bluish-green at its center.
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| | 天文志: |
此四星所出非其方，其下有兵，衝不利。 |
| | If these four stars appear not in their respective directions, there will be military forces below them, and the opposing side will suffer misfortune as a result.
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| | 天文志: |
四填星，出四隅，去地可四丈。地維臧光，亦出四隅，去地可二丈，若月始出。所見下，有亂者亡，有德者昌。 |
| | The Sizhen Xing appear at the four corners of the sky, about four zhang above ground level. Dwei Zangguang also appears in the four corners, about two zhang from the ground; it resembles the moon at its initial appearance. Wherever they are seen below, those who cause chaos will perish, and those with virtue will flourish.
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| | 天文志: |
燭星，狀如太白，其出也不行，見則滅。所燭，城邑亂。 |
| | The Zhu Xing resembles Taibai in appearance; when it appears, it does not move, and disappears as soon as it is seen. Wherever the Zhu Xing shines, cities and towns will fall into chaos.
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| | 天文志: |
如星非星，如雲非雲，名曰歸邪。歸邪出，必有歸國者。 |
| | It looks like a star but is not a star; it resembles clouds but is not clouds. It is called Guiye. Whenever Guiye appears, there will certainly be someone who returns to their homeland or surrenders the country.
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| | 天文志: |
星者，金之散氣，其本曰人。星眾，國吉，少則凶。漢者，亦金散氣，其本曰水。星多，多水，少則旱，其大經也。 |
| | Stars are scattered qi of metal; their origin is called Ren. An abundance of stars bodes well for the state, while a scarcity indicates misfortune. The Han (a celestial phenomenon) is also scattered qi of metal, and its origin is water. An abundance of stars indicates frequent floods; a scarcity foretells drought—this is the fundamental principle.
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| | 天文志: |
天鼓，有音如雷非雷，音在地而下及地。其所住者，兵發其下。 |
| | Tianggu produces a sound like thunder but not actual thunder, with the sound originating from above and reaching down to the earth. Wherever it is heard, military forces will be mobilized below that location.
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| | 天文志: |
天狗，狀如大流星，有聲，共下止地，類狗。所墜及，望之如火光炎炎中天。其下圜如數頃田處，上銳見則有黃色，千里破軍殺將。 |
| | Tiangou appears like a large shooting star with sound; when it falls to the ground, its shape resembles a dog. Wherever it falls, looking at it from afar appears like blazing fire burning in mid-heaven. The area beneath it is round, resembling a field of several qing in size; its upper part is pointed and appears yellow when visible. Wherever this occurs, the enemy's army will be defeated and generals killed within a thousand li.
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| | 天文志: |
格澤者，如炎火之狀，黃白，起地而上，下大上銳。其見也，不種而穫。不有土功，必有大客。 |
| | Geze appears in the shape of blazing fire, yellowish-white in color; it rises from the ground upward, broad at the base and pointed at the top. When this phenomenon is observed, crops will be harvested without being sown. If there are no earthworks or construction projects, then a great guest (such as an invading army) must arrive.
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| | 天文志: |
蚩尤之旗，類彗而後曲，象旗。見則王者征伐四方。 |
| | The Chiyou Zhi Qi resembles a comet but curves backward at the end, like a banner. When it appears, the Son of Heaven will launch military campaigns in all directions.
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| | 天文志: |
旬始，出於北斗旁，狀如雄雞。其怒，青黑色，象伏鱉。 |
| | Xunshi emerges beside the Big Dipper and has a shape resembling a rooster. When it is agitated, its color turns dark blue or black, resembling a crouching turtle.
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| | 天文志: |
枉矢，狀類大流星，蛇行而倉黑，望如有毛目然。 |
| | Wangshi resembles a large meteor, moving like a snake in a dark gray color; when observed from afar, it appears as if covered with hairy eyes.
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| | 天文志: |
長庚，廣如一匹布著天。此星見，起兵。 |
| | Changgeng is broad and stretches across the sky like a piece of cloth one pǔ in width. When this star appears, military campaigns will be launched.
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| | 天文志: |
星蕴至地，則石也。 |
| | If a star descends all the way to the ground, it becomes stone.
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| | 天文志: |
天蛲而見景星。景星者，德星也，其狀無常，常出於有道之國。 |
| | When the sky is clear and bright, the Jing Xing can be seen. The Jing Xing is a star of virtue; its appearance has no fixed form and usually appears in a country governed by moral principles.
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| | 天文志: |
日有中道，月有九行。 |
| | The sun follows a central path, while the moon travels along nine different courses.
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| | 天文志: |
中道者，黃道，一曰光道。光道北至東井，去北極近；南至牽牛，去北極遠；東至角，西至婁，去極中。夏至至於東井，北近極，故晷短；立八尺之表，而晷景長尺五寸八分。冬至至於牽牛，遠極，故晷長；立八尺之表，而晷景長丈三尺一寸四分。春秋分日至婁、角，去極中，而晷中；立八尺之表，而晷景長七尺三寸六分。此日去極遠近之差，晷景長短之制也。去極遠近難知，要以晷景。晷景者，所以知日之南北也。日，陽也。陽用事則日進而北，晝進而長，陽勝，故為溫暑；陰用事則日退而南，晝退而短，陰勝，故為涼寒也。故日進為暑，退為寒。若日之南北失節，晷過而長為常寒，退而短為常燠。此寒燠之表也。故曰為寒暑。一曰，晷長為潦，短為旱，奢為扶。扶者，邪臣進而正臣疏，君子不足，姦人有餘。 |
| | The central path is called the Huangdao; it is also known as Guangdao. Guangdao extends northward to Dongjing, and is close to the North Pole. It extends southward to Qianniu, far from the North Pole; It reaches eastward to Jiao and westward to Lou, at a moderate distance from the pole. At summer solstice, the sun arrives at Dongjing; since it is near the North Pole, the shadow of the gnomon is short; When an eight chi tall gnomon is set up, its shadow measures one chi five cun and eight fen in length. lòng At winter solstice, the sun reaches Qianniu; since it is far from the North Pole, the gnomon's shadow is long; When an eight chi tall gnomonic staff is set up, its solar shadow measures one zhang three chi one cun and four fen in length. At the spring and autumn equinoxes, the sun reaches Lou and Jiao; since it is at a moderate distance from the North Pole, its shadow length is also moderate; When an eight chi tall gnomone is set up, the solar shadow measures seven chi three cun and six fen in length. This represents the difference in distance from the celestial pole to the sun at different times, as well as the standard for the variation in shadow lengths of gnomons. It is difficult to determine how far or near the sun is from the celestial pole; the key lies in measuring the length of the solar shadow. The measurement of a gnomon's shadow indicates whether the sun is north or south at that time. The sun represents yang. When yang is active, the sun moves northward and days become longer; yang prevails, hence it brings warmth and heat. When yin is active, the sun retreats southward and days become shorter; yin prevails, hence it brings coolness and cold. Therefore, when the sun moves northward, it brings heat, and when it retreats southward, it brings cold. If the sun's movement between north and south deviates from its proper seasonal pattern, an excessively long shadow indicates prolonged cold, while an abnormally short shadow signifies persistent warmth. This is how one can observe the signs of cold and heat. Hence it is said to bring about cold and heat. Another saying goes: a long shadow foretells floods, a short one indicates drought, and an excessively long or abnormal shadow is called Fu (a sign of disaster). Fu refers to the situation where corrupt ministers rise while upright officials are sidelined, when virtuous men are insufficient and wicked people abound.
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| | 天文志: |
月有九行者：黑道二，出黃道北；赤道二，出黃道南；白道二，出黃道西；青道二，出黃道東。立春、春分，月東從青道；立秋，秋分，西從白道；立冬、冬至，北從黑道；立夏、夏至，南從赤道。然用之，一決房中道。青赤出陽道，白黑出陰道。若月失節度而妄行，出陽道則旱風，出陰道則陰雨。 |
| | The moon has nine courses: two black paths, located north of the Huangdao; two red paths, located south of the Huangdao; two white paths, located west of the Huangdao; and two green paths, located east of the Huangdao. At Lichun and Chunjie (spring equinox), the moon follows the eastern green path; at Liqiu and Qiujie (autumn equinox), it follows the western white path; at Lidong and Dongzhi, it follows the northern black path; and at Lixia and Xiazhi, it follows the southern red path. However, in practice, its movement is determined by one central passage through the constellation Fang. The green and red paths emerge from yang courses, while the white and black paths emerge from yin courses. If the moon deviates from its seasonal pattern and moves erratically, moving along yang paths brings drought and wind, while moving along yin paths brings overcast skies and rain.
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| | 天文志: |
凡君行急則日行疾，君行緩則日行遲。日行不可指而知也，故以二至二分之星為候。日東行，星西轉。冬至昏，奎八度中；夏至，氐十三度中；春分，柳一度中；秋分，牽牛三度七分中：此其正行也。日行疾，則星西轉疾，事勢然也。故過中則疾，君行急之感也；不及中則遲，君行緩之象也。 |
| | Generally, if a ruler acts swiftly, the sun's movement appears rapid; if a ruler is slow in action, the sun's motion seems delayed. The sun's speed cannot be directly measured, so astronomers use the stars at the two solstices and two equinoxes as markers for observation. As the sun moves eastward, the stars revolve westward. At dusk on winter solstice, Kui is at eight degrees in the central position; at summer solstice, Di is at thirteen degrees in the center. At spring equinox, Liu is at one degree in the central position; at autumn equinox, Qianniu is at three degrees and seven fen in the center: this marks its regular course. If the sun moves rapidly, then the stars also revolve westward more quickly; this is a natural consequence of their motion. Therefore, if they pass through the central position too quickly, it indicates rapid movement caused by an urgent ruler's actions; if they do not reach the central position in time, it reflects a slow pace, symbolizing a sluggish ruler.
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| | 天文志: |
至月行，則以晦朔決之。日冬則南，夏則北；冬至於牽牛，夏至於東井。日之所行為中道，月、五星皆隨之也。 |
| | As for the moon's movement, its speed is determined by observing the new and full moons. In winter, the sun moves southward; in summer, it moves northward; in winter solstice it reaches Qianniu, and in summer solstice it arrives at Dongjing. The sun's path is the central course; the moon and the five planets all follow this path as well.
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| | 天文志: |
箕星為風，東北之星也。東北地事，天位也，故易曰「東北喪朋」。及巽在東南，為風；風，陽中之陰，大臣之象也，其星，軫也。月去中道，移而東北入箕，若東南入軫，則多風。西方為雨；雨，少陰之位也。月去中道，移而西入畢，則多雨。故詩云「月離于畢，俾滂沱矣」，言多雨也。星傳曰「月入畢則將相有以家犯罪者」，言陰盛也。書曰「星有好風，星有好雨，月之從星，則以風雨」，言失中道而東西也。故星傳曰「月南入牽牛南戒，民間疾疫；月北入太微，出坐北，若犯坐，則下人謀上。」 |
| | Ji Xing signifies wind, being a star in the northeast direction. The northeast region corresponds to earthly affairs and heavenly positions; hence, the Yijing says, "Loss of companions in the northeast." When Xun is located in the southeast, it also represents wind; Wind is yin within yang and symbolizes a high-ranking minister; its corresponding star is Zhen. When the moon deviates from the central path and moves northeast into Ji, or southeast into Zhen, there will be frequent winds. The west corresponds to rain; Rain is associated with the position of Shao Yin. When the moon departs from the central path and shifts westward into Bi, there will be much rain. Hence, the Shijing says, "The moon departs to Bi, and thus torrential rains come," meaning that heavy rain will occur. The Xingchuan says, "When the moon enters Bi, high officials may commit crimes for their families," indicating excessive yin. The Shang says, "Some stars favor wind, some favor rain; when the moon follows a star, it brings wind or rain," meaning that this occurs when the moon deviates from its central path and moves east or west. Therefore, the Xingchuan says: "When the moon enters south of Qianniu in the southern boundary, there will be epidemics among the people; when the moon moves north into Taiwei and exits to the north or transgresses its position, it signifies that subordinates will plot against their superiors."
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| | 天文志: |
一曰月為風雨，日為寒溫。冬至日南極，晷長，南不極則溫為害；夏至日北極，晷短，北不極則寒為害。故書曰「日月之行，則有冬有夏」也。政治變於下，日月運於上矣。日出房北，為雨為陰，為亂為兵；出房南，為旱為夭喪。水旱至衝而應，及五星之變，必然之效也。 |
| | One saying is: the moon brings wind and rain, while the sun determines cold and warmth. At winter solstice, the sun reaches its southernmost point; the shadow is longest. If it does not reach this extreme southern position, excessive warmth will be harmful; at summer solstice, the sun reaches its northernmost point; the shadow is shortest. If it does not attain this extreme northern position, excessive cold will be harmful. Hence, the Shang says: "The movement of the sun and moon brings about winter and summer." When political affairs change below, the movements of the sun and moon above also respond. If the sun rises north of Fang, it signifies rain and overcast weather, as well as disorder and military conflict; if it rises south of Fang, it indicates drought and premature death or mourning. Floods and droughts occur when there is a direct impact and response; along with changes in the five planets, these are inevitable effects.
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| | 天文志: |
兩軍相當，日暈等，力均；厚長大，有勝；薄短小，亡勝。重抱大破亡。抱為和，背為不和，為分離相去。直為自立，立兵破軍，若曰殺將。抱且戴，有喜。圍在中，中勝；在外，外勝。青外赤中，以和相去；赤外青中，以惡相去。氣暈先至而後去，居軍勝。先至先去，前有利，後有病；後至後去，前病後利；後至先去，前後皆病，居軍不勝。見而去，其後發疾，雖勝亡功。見半日以上，功太。白鸶屈短，上下銳，有者下大流血。日暈制勝，近期三十日，遠期六十日。 |
| | When two armies confront each other and solar halos appear equally, their strength is balanced; if the halo is thick, long, and large, there will be a victory; if it is thin, short, and small, there will be no victory. Multiple halos embracing the sun indicate a great defeat or destruction. A halo surrounding the sun signifies harmony, while one that appears behind it indicates disharmony and separation between forces. If a halo is straight, it means self-assertion; this portends the raising of troops to defeat an army or, as if saying, the killing of a general. A halo that both surrounds and crowns the sun indicates good news or joyous events. If the halo encircles the center, the central force will prevail; if it appears outside, the external force will triumph. A halo with a blue outer part and red center signifies peaceful separation; a halo with a red outer part and blue center indicates hostile or violent separation. If the atmospheric halo appears first and then disappears, the army that remains will win. If a halo appears early and departs early, there is advantage at the beginning but misfortune later on; if it arrives late and leaves late, there will be hardship initially but benefit in the end. If a halo arrives late but departs early, both beginning and end are unfavorable; the army that remains cannot win. If a halo appears and then disappears quickly, misfortune will follow afterward; even if victory is achieved, no lasting success will be gained. If the halo remains visible for more than half a day, it indicates excessive achievement or overreach in accomplishments. A white solar halo that is bent and short with sharp upper and lower ends signifies great bloodshed among the common people. The victory indicated by a solar halo occurs in the near term within thirty days, or in the distant term within sixty days.
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| | 天文志: |
其食，食所不利；復生，生所利；不然，食盡為主位。以其直及日所躔加日時，用名其國。 |
| | When an eclipse occurs, it affects what is unfavorable; when the sun or moon reappears after the eclipse, it brings benefit to what was previously favorable. Otherwise, if an eclipse is total, it signifies the position of the ruler. By aligning its direction with the sun's zodiacal position and adding the date and hour, one can name the affected state or country accordingly.
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| | 天文志: |
凡望雲氣，仰而望之，三四百里；平望，在桑榆上，千餘里，二千里；登高而望之，下屬地者居三千里。雲氣有戰居上者，勝。 |
| | Generally, when observing clouds and vapors, looking upward allows visibility for three to four hundred li; when viewed at eye level, over the mulberry or elm trees, it can be seen for more than a thousand li, up to two thousand li; from an elevated position looking down, one may observe as far as three thousand li. Clouds and vapors that appear above the battlefield indicate a victory for those who hold them.
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| | 天文志: |
自華以南，氣下黑上赤。嵩高、三河之郊，氣正赤。常山以北，氣下黑上青。勃、碣、海、岱之間，氣皆黑。江、淮之間，氣皆白。 |
| | South of Hua, the vapor is black below and red above. In the vicinity of Songgao and the Three Rivers, the vapors are purely red. North of Changshan, the vapor is black below and blue above. Between Bo, Jie, Hai, and Dai, all vapors are black. Between the Yangtze and Huai rivers, all vapors appear white.
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| | 天文志: |
徒氣白。土功氣黃。車氣乍高乍下，往往而聚。騎氣卑而布。卒氣摶。前卑而後高者，疾；前方而後高者，銳；後銳而卑者，卻。其氣平者其行徐。前高後卑者，不止而反。氣相遇者，卑勝高，銳勝方。氣來卑而循車道者，不過三四日，去之五六里見。氣來高七八尺者，不過五六日，去之十餘二十里見。氣來高丈餘二丈者，不過三四十日，去之五六十里見。 |
| | The vapor over Tu is white. Vapors from earthworks are yellow. The vapor of chariots rises and falls suddenly, gathering in clusters here and there. The vapor from cavalry is low-lying and spreads out. The vapor of infantry troops is compact and concentrated. If the vapor is low in front but high at the back, it indicates speed; if it extends forward and rises behind, it signifies sharpness or aggression; if the rear is pointed but low, it indicates retreat. If the vapor appears level, the movement will be slow. If the vapor is high in front and low at the back, the force will not advance but turn back instead. When vapors meet, the lower one defeats the higher, and the pointed form defeats the square. If the vapor comes in low and follows the chariot road, it will not last more than three or four days; it can be seen within five to six li. If the vapor rises high by seven or eight chi, it will not last beyond five or six days; it can be observed from more than ten to twenty li away. If the vapor rises over one zhang to two zhang, it will not persist for more than thirty or forty days; it can be seen from fifty to sixty li away.
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| | 天文志: |
捎雲精白者，其將悍，其士怯。其大根而前絕遠者，戰。精白，其芒低者，戰勝；其前赤而卬者，戰不勝。陳雲如立垣。杼雲類杼。柚雲摶而耑銳。杓雲如繩者，居前竟天，其半半天。蜺雲者，類鬥旗故。銳鉤雲句曲。諸此雲見，以五色占。而澤摶密，其見動人，乃有占；兵必起。占鬥其直。 |
| | If the cloud is slender and pure white, its general will be fierce but its soldiers timid. Those with broad roots extending far forward indicate an impending battle. If the cloud is pure white and its rays are low, it signifies a victorious battle; if its front is red and uplifted, it indicates an unsuccessful battle. Clouds resembling standing walls indicate troop formations. Zhu Yun resembles a loom shuttle. You Yun is compact and pointed at the end. Biao Yun resembling a rope stretches ahead across the sky, with half of it reaching halfway up the heavens. Ne Yun resembles the banner of an army formation. Rui Gou Yun is curved like a hook. All these clouds, when seen, are interpreted according to their five colors. If they appear dense and compact with a lustrous sheen that moves people emotionally, then there is an omen; war will certainly arise. To interpret the battle, observe its straightness.
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| | 天文志: |
王朔所候，決於日旁。日旁雲氣，人主象。皆如其形以占。 |
| | Wang Shuo's observations depend on what appears beside the sun. Clouds and vapors appearing near the sun symbolize the image of a sovereign ruler. They are all interpreted according to their forms.
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| | 天文志: |
故北夷之氣如群畜穹閭，南夷之氣類舟船幡旗。大水處，敗軍場，破國之虛，下有積泉，金寶上，皆有氣，不可不察。海旁蜃氣象樓臺，廣野氣成宮闕然。雲氣各象其山川人民所聚積。故侯息秏者，入國邑，視封疆田疇之整治，城郭室屋門戶之潤澤，次至車服畜產精華。實息者吉，虛秏者凶。 |
| | Therefore, the vapors of northern barbarians resemble herds of livestock and yurts, while those of southern barbarians are like boats, banners, and flags. In areas with great floods, on battlefields where armies have been defeated, in the ruins of destroyed states, and below places with accumulated springs and treasures of gold, there are always vapors present; these must not be overlooked. Along the seashore, mirage-like vapors resemble towers and pavilions, while in vast plains, vapors form images like palaces and gates. Clouds and vapors each take forms resembling the mountains, rivers, and concentrations of people where they gather. Therefore, those who observe omens and changes should enter a state or city to examine the management of borders and fields, the luster of walls, houses, doors, and windows; next, they should inspect carriages, clothing, livestock, and other signs of prosperity. Prosperity and vitality indicate good fortune, while emptiness and decline signify misfortune.
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| | 天文志: |
若煙非煙，若雲非雲，郁郁紛紛，蕭索輪囷，是謂慶雲。慶雲見，喜氣也。若霧非霧，衣冠不濡，見則其城被甲而趨。 |
| | If it resembles smoke but is not smoke, or clouds but is not clouds; if it appears dense and scattered, drifting in a desolate yet coiled manner, this is called qingyun (auspicious cloud). The appearance of qingyun signifies an omen of joy. If it resembles mist but is not mist, and does not dampen clothing or hats, its appearance indicates that the city's soldiers are donning armor and rushing into action.
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| | 天文志: |
夫雷電、赮鸶、辟歷、夜明者，陽氣之動者也，春夏則發，秋冬則藏，故候書者亡不司。 |
| | Thunder, lightning, auroras, and sudden flashes of light at night are all manifestations of yang energy in motion. They appear in spring and summer but remain hidden in autumn and winter; therefore, those who observe celestial phenomena never fail to record them.
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| | 天文志: |
天開縣物，地動坼絕。山崩及鲶，川塞谿垘；水澹地長，澤竭見象。城郭門閭，潤息槁枯；宮廟廊第，人民所次。謠俗車服，觀民飲食。五穀草木，觀其所屬。倉府廄庫，四通之路。六畜禽獸，所產去就；魚鱉鳥鼠，觀其所處。鬼哭若謼，與人逢槞。訛言，誠然。 |
| | When the heavens open and hang objects, when the earth trembles and cracks, it is a sign of great change. Mountains collapse or crumble, rivers become blocked by gullies and ridges; Water levels drop while the land expands, marshes dry up, revealing ominous signs. The walls and gates of cities and towns either become moist and thriving or wither and decay; Palaces, temples, halls, and dwellings are where the people reside. Songs, customs, carriages, and clothing reflect the way of life; observe the people's food and drink to understand their condition. Grains, grasses, and trees should be observed in terms of what they belong to or represent. Granaries, treasuries, stables, and storage houses are the four key points along the roads connecting all directions. The six domestic animals and wild beasts indicate their places of origin or migration; Fish, turtles, birds, and rats should be observed according to the environments they inhabit. If ghosts are heard weeping or shouting, it is an omen that will meet people with misfortune. False words may indeed come true.
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| | 天文志: |
凡候歲美惡，謹候歲始。歲始或冬至日，產氣始萌。臘明日，人眾卒歲，壹會飲食，發陽氣，故曰初歲。正月旦，王者歲首；立春，四時之始也。四始者，候之日。 |
| | To determine whether a year will be prosperous or poor, one must carefully observe the beginning of the year. The start of the year may coincide with the winter solstice, when vital energies begin to sprout. On the day after the winter solstice (Lanming), people gather at year's end, hold a final feast, and release yang energy; thus it is called the beginning of the new year. The first day of the first lunar month marks the beginning of the ruler's reign for the year; Lichun (the Beginning of Spring) is the start of the four seasons. These four beginnings are the days on which observations should be made.
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| | 天文志: |
而漢魏鮮集臘明正月旦決八風。風從南，大旱；西南，小旱；西方，有兵；西北，戎叔為，小雨，趣兵；北方，為中歲；東北，為上歲；東方，大水；東南，民有疾疫，歲惡。故八風各與其衝對，課多者為勝。多勝少，久勝亟，疾勝徐。旦至食，為麥；食至日跌，為疾；跌至晡，為黍；晡至下晡，為叔；下晡至日入，為麻。欲終日有雲，有風，有日，當其時，深而多實；亡雲，有風日，當其時，淺而少實；有雲風，亡日，當其時，深而少實；有日，亡雲，不風，當其時者稼有敗。如食頃，小敗；孰五斗米頃，大敗。風復起，有雲，其稼復起。各以其時用雲色占種所宜。雨雪，寒，歲惡。 |
| | The Han and Wei dynasties rarely gathered to determine the eight winds on the day of Lanming or the first day of the lunar year. If the wind comes from the south, it indicates a great drought; from the southwest, a minor drought; from the west, there will be military conflict; from the northwest, Rongshu will act, bringing light rain and hastening troop movements; from the north, it signifies an average year; from the northeast, it indicates a good year; from the east, there will be great floods; from the southeast, people will suffer from epidemics and it will be a poor year. Therefore, each of the eight winds corresponds to its opposite direction; the one with more occurrences is considered dominant. The wind that occurs frequently overpowers the infrequent one; the long-lasting overcomes the sudden, and the swift defeats the slow. From dawn until mid-morning, it is favorable for wheat; from mid-morning to noon, it indicates illness; from noon until late afternoon, it is favorable for millet; from late afternoon to dusk, it relates to Rongshu (a term possibly referring to a specific region or people); from dusk until sunset, it is favorable for hemp. If clouds, wind, and sunlight persist throughout the day at their respective times, then the result will be deep and abundant in produce; if there are no clouds but only wind and sun at their proper times, the yield will be shallow and meager; if there are clouds and wind but no sunlight at their respective times, it results in deep conditions but little produce; if there is only sunlight with no clouds or wind during the appropriate time, then crops will suffer damage. If this lasts for a short while like the duration of a meal, it causes minor damage; if it continues as long as the time needed to cook five dou of rice, it results in great damage. If the wind rises again and clouds appear, then the crops will recover. At each respective time, use the color of the clouds to determine what crops are suitable for planting. Rain and snow, cold weather—these indicate a poor year.
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| | 天文志: |
是日光明，聽都邑人民之聲。聲宮，則歲美，吉；商，有兵；徵，旱；羽，水；角，歲惡。 |
| | On this day, if the light is bright, listen to the voices of the people in the capital cities. If their voices sound like the gong tone (palace tone), it indicates a prosperous year and good fortune; if they sound like the shang tone, there will be military conflicts; if they sound like the zhi tone, it indicates drought; if they sound like the yu tone, it means floods; if they sound like the jue tone, it signifies a poor year.
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| | 天文志: |
或從正月旦比數雨。率日食一升，至七升而極；過之，不占。數至十二日，直其月，占水旱。為其環域千里內占，即為天下候，竟正月。月所離列宿，日、風、雲，占其國。然必察太歲所在。金，穰；水，毀；木，飢；火，旱。此其大經也。 |
| | Some people begin counting the number of rains from the first day of the first lunar month. Generally, one sheng (about 1 liter) is measured per day, reaching a maximum of seven sheng; If it exceeds this amount, no prediction can be made. Counting up to the twelfth day of the month allows one to predict floods or droughts for that month. Observations made within a thousand-li radius around its surrounding area can be used as omens for the entire realm, and this process continues throughout the first lunar month. The moon's position among the constellations, along with the sun, wind, and clouds, are used to predict conditions for a particular state or region. However, one must always determine where the Tai sui (the Year Star) is located. Metal: abundant harvest; Water: destruction; Wood: famine; Fire: drought. These are the fundamental principles.
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| | 天文志: |
正月上甲，風從東方來，宜蠶；從西方來，若旦有黃雲，惡。 |
| | 藟 On the first day of the month corresponding to the heavenly stem Jia, if the wind comes from the east, it is favorable for silkworms; if the wind comes from the west or there are yellow clouds at dawn, it will be unfavorable.
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| | 天文志: |
冬至短極，縣土炭，炭動，麋鹿解角，蘭根出，泉水踊，略以知日至，要決晷景。 |
| | On the winter solstice when daylight is at its shortest, hang a piece of charcoal and observe it; if the charcoal moves, sika deer shed their antlers, orchid roots emerge, spring water surges upward—these are rough indicators to know the solar term. The key lies in measuring the shadow cast by the sun's position.
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| | 天文志: |
夫天運三十歲一小變，百年中變，五百年大變，三大變一紀，三紀而大備，此其大數也。 |
| | The movement of Heaven undergoes a minor change every thirty years, a moderate change every hundred years, and a major transformation every five hundred years. Three major transformations make one ji (a period), and three jis complete the full cycle—this is its general pattern.
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| | 天文志: |
春秋二百四十二年間，日食三十六，彗星三見，夜常星不見，夜中星隕如雨者各一。當是時，禍亂輒應，周室微弱，上下交怨，殺君三十六，亡國五十二，諸侯奔走不得保其社稷者不可勝數。自是之後，眾暴寡，大并小。秦、楚、吳、粵，夷狄也，為彊伯。田氏篡齊，三家分晉，並為戰國，爭於攻取，兵革遞起，城邑數屠，因以飢饉疾疫愁苦，臣主共憂患，其察禨祥候星氣尤急。近世十二諸侯七國相王，言從橫者繼踵，而占天文者因時務論書傳，故其占驗鱗雜米鹽，亡可錄者。 |
| | During the 242 years of the Spring and Autumn period, there were thirty-six solar eclipses, three appearances of comets; once at night all stars disappeared from view, and once in the middle of the night meteors rained down like rain. At that time, calamities and chaos always followed. The Zhou royal house was weak, with mutual resentment between the upper and lower classes; thirty-six kings were killed, fifty-two states perished, and the number of feudal lords who fled in panic and could not preserve their ancestral lands was too numerous to count. Since then, the many have oppressed the few, and the strong have swallowed up the weak. 龙头 Qin, Chu, Wu, and Yue were originally Yi Di (barbarian) peoples but became powerful hegemons. The Tian clan usurped Qi, and the three families divided Jin; thus arose the Warring States, which vied with one another in military conquests. Armies rose up continuously, cities were repeatedly razed, leading to famine, plague, sorrow, and suffering. Both subjects and rulers shared in these hardships, so they paid especially urgent attention to omens, celestial phenomena, and atmospheric signs. In recent times, among the twelve feudal lords of the Seven Warring States who declared themselves kings, those advocating vertical and horizontal alliances followed one after another. Those who interpreted celestial omens wrote in accordance with contemporary affairs, citing historical records; thus their predictions were scattered like fish scales or grains of salt, with nothing worth recording.
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| | 天文志: |
周卒為秦所滅。始皇之時，十五年間彗星四見，久者八十日，長或竟天。後秦遂以兵內兼六國，外攘四夷，死人如亂麻。又熒惑守心，及天市芒角，色赤如雞血。始皇既死，適庶相殺，二世即位，殘骨肉，戮將相，太白再經天。因以張楚並興，兵相跆籍，秦遂以亡。 |
| | In the end, the Zhou dynasty was destroyed by Qin. During Emperor Qin Shi Huang's reign, comets appeared four times within fifteen years; some lasted as long as eighty days, and their tails stretched across the entire sky. Later, Qin used military force to conquer the six states internally and repel the four Yi (barbarian) groups externally; people died as if cut down like tangled hemp. Also, Mars remained stationed at the Heart constellation, and the Tian Shi (Heavenly Market) exhibited sharp angles with a red color like chicken blood. After Emperor Qin Shi Huang died, legitimate and illegitimate heirs killed each other; when the Second Emperor ascended the throne, he cruelly slaughtered his own family members and executed generals and ministers. Meanwhile, Venus passed across the sky twice. As a result, Zhang Han and Xiang Yu rose up simultaneously, their armies trampling over each other, and Qin was thus destroyed.
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| | 天文志: |
項羽救鉅鹿，枉矢西流，枉矢所觸，天下之所伐射，滅亡象也。物莫直於矢，今蛇行不能直而枉者，執矢者亦不正，以象項羽執政亂也。羽遂合從，阬秦人，屠咸陽。凡枉矢之流，以亂伐亂也。 |
| | Xiang Yu rescued Ju Lu; a crooked arrow flew westward, and wherever it struck was destined to be attacked by all under heaven—this was an omen of destruction. Nothing is straighter than an arrow; now it moves like a snake, crooked and not upright—this symbolizes that Xiang Yu, who held the bow, was also corrupt in governance. Xiang Yu then formed a coalition, buried alive Qin soldiers, and razed Xianyang to the ground. In general, the appearance of crooked arrows signifies that chaos is used to destroy further chaos.
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| | 天文志: |
漢元年十月，五星聚於東井，以曆推之，從歲星也。此高皇帝受命之符也。故客謂張耳曰：「東并秦地，漢王入秦，五星從歲星聚，當以義取天下。」秦王子嬰降於枳道，漢王以屬吏，寶器婦女亡所取，閉宮封門，還軍次于霸上，以候諸侯。與秦民約法三章，民亡不歸心者，可謂能行義矣，天之所予也。五年遂定天下，即帝位。此明歲星之崇義，東井為秦之地明效也。 |
| | In October of the first year of the Han dynasty, the five planets gathered in the constellation Dongjing; according to calculations based on the calendar, they followed the movement of the planet Jupiter. This was an omen signifying Emperor Gaozu's receipt of his mandate. Therefore, a guest told Zhang Er: "Marching eastward to unite the former Qin territories, when King Wu of Han entered Qin and the five planets gathered with Jupiter, it was an omen indicating that he should take the world through righteousness." Qin Wang Ziying surrendered at Zhidao, and King Wu of Han handed him over to the officials. He took nothing from the treasures or women, sealed off the palace gates, withdrew his troops to Bashi, and waited for the feudal lords there. He made a three-chapter legal agreement with the people of Qin, and none of them failed to be loyal—this can truly be said to be an embodiment of righteousness; it was what Heaven granted him. After five years he finally stabilized the world and ascended the imperial throne. This clearly demonstrates Jupiter's reverence for righteousness, with Dongjing as an evident symbol of Qin territory.
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| | 天文志: |
三年秋，太白出西方，有光幾中，乍北乍南，過期乃入。辰星出四孟。是時，項羽為楚王，而漢已定三秦，與相距滎陽。太白出西方，有光幾中，是秦地戰將勝，而漢國將興也。辰星出四孟，易主之表也。後二年，漢滅楚。 |
| | In the third year, during autumn, Venus appeared in the west with a bright light nearly reaching the zenith; it moved erratically between north and south before entering its orbit after an extended period. The planet Mercury emerged at the beginning of four seasons. At that time, Xiang Yu was King of Chu, while Han had already pacified the Three Qins and confronted each other at Yingyang. Venus appearing in the west with a light nearly reaching the zenith indicated that the generals of Qin territory would be victorious, while the Han state was destined to rise. Mercury emerging at the beginning of four seasons is a sign of changing rulership. Two years later, Han destroyed Chu.
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| | 天文志: |
七年，月暈，圍參、畢七重。占曰：「畢、昴間，天街也；街北，胡也；街南，中國也。昴為匈奴，參為趙，畢為邊兵。」是歲高皇帝自將兵擊匈奴，至平城，為冒頓單于所圍，七日乃解。 |
| | In the seventh year, a lunar halo formed, surrounding the constellations Shen and Bi in seven layers. The divination said: "Between Bi and Mao is the Heavenly Street; the area north of it belongs to the Hu peoples; the area south of it is Zhongguo (China). Mao represents the Xiongnu, Shen represents Zhao, and Bi represents border troops." In this year Emperor Gaozu personally led his army to attack the Xiongnu, reaching Pingcheng, where he was surrounded by Modu Chanyu and it took seven days before the siege was lifted.
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| | 天文志: |
十二年春，熒惑守心。四月，宮車晏駕。 |
| | In spring of the twelfth year, Mars remained stationary over the constellation Xin (Heart). In April, the imperial carriage departed late, indicating the emperor's death.
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| | 天文志: |
孝惠二年，天開東北，廣十餘丈，長二十餘丈。地動，陰有餘；天裂，陽不足：皆下盛彊將害上之變也。其後有呂氏之亂。 |
| | In the second year of Emperor Xiaohui's reign, a celestial phenomenon opened in the northeast, ten zhang wide and more than twenty zhang long. The earth trembled, indicating excessive yin; the sky split open, indicating insufficient yang: both were omens of subordinates growing too powerful and threatening their superiors. After this came the chaos caused by the Lu clan.
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| | 天文志: |
孝文後二年正月壬寅，天欃夕出西南。占曰：「為兵喪亂。」其六年十一月，匈奴入上郡、雲中，漢起三軍以衛京師。其四月乙巳，水、木、火三合於東井。占曰：「外內有兵與喪，改立王公。東井，秦也。」八月，天狗下梁野，是歲誅反者周殷長安市。其七年六月，文帝崩。其十一月戊戌，土、水合於危。占曰：「為雍沮，所當之國不可舉事用兵，必受其殃。一曰將覆軍。危，齊也。」其七月，火東行，行畢陽，環畢東北，出而西，逆行至昴，即南乃東行。占曰：「為喪死寇亂。畢、昴，趙也。」 |
| | On the Renyin day of the first month in the second year after Emperor Xiaowen's reign, a celestial spear appeared at dusk in the southwest. The divination said: "This signifies war, mourning, and chaos." In the sixth year, in the eleventh month, the Xiongnu invaded Shangjun and Yunzhong, prompting Han to mobilize three armies to defend the capital. In April on the Yisi day, the planets Water (Mercury), Wood (Jupiter), and Fire (Mars) converged in Dongjing. The divination said: "There will be war and mourning both within and beyond the borders, as well as the replacement of kings and dukes." "Dongjing represents Qin." In August, a celestial dog fell in Liangye; that year, the rebel Zhou Yin was executed in Chang'an marketplace. In the seventh year of his reign, on the sixth month, Emperor Xiaowen died. On the Wuxu day of the eleventh month, Earth (Saturn) and Water (Mercury) converged in Wei. The divination said: "This signifies stagnation and obstruction; the state where it occurs should not initiate military campaigns or actions, for it will surely suffer misfortune. One interpretation says that an army is about to be destroyed. "Wei represents Qi." In the seventh month, Mars moved eastward, passing through Biyang, circling around the northeast of Bi, then emerging westward and moving retrograde to Mao. It turned south before resuming its eastward motion. The divination said: "This signifies mourning, death, bandits, and chaos." "Bi and Mao represent Zhao."
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| | 天文志: |
孝景元年正月癸酉，金、水合於婺女。占曰：「為變謀，為兵憂。婺女，粵也，又為齊。」其七月乙丑，金、木、水三合於張。占曰：「外內有兵與喪，改立王公。張，周地，今之河南也，又為楚。」其二年七月丙子，火與水晨出東方，因守斗。占曰：「其國絕祀。」至其十二月，水、火合於斗。占曰：「為淬，不可舉事用兵，必受其殃。」一曰：「為北軍，用兵舉事大敗。斗，吳也，又為粵。」是歲彗星出西南。其三月，立六皇子為王，淮陽、汝南、河間、臨江、長沙、廣川。其三年，吳、楚、膠西、膠東、淄川、濟南、趙七國反。吳、楚兵先至攻梁，膠西、膠東、淄川三國攻圍齊。漢遣大將軍周亞夫等戍止河南，以候吳楚之敝，遂敗之。吳王亡走粵，粵攻而殺之。平陽侯敗三國之師于齊，咸伏其辜，齊王自殺。漢兵以水攻趙城，城壞，王自殺。六月，立皇子二人、楚元王子一人為王，王膠西、中山、楚。徙濟北為淄川王，淮陽為魯王，汝南為江都王。七月，兵罷。天狗下，占為：「破軍殺將。狗又守禦類也，天狗所降，以戒守禦。」吳、楚攻梁，梁堅城守，遂伏尸流血其下。 |
| | On the Kuiyou day of the first month in Year One of Emperor Xiaojing's reign, Venus and Mercury converged in Wuniu. The divination said: "This signifies plots and changes, as well as military worries." "Wuniu represents Yue, and also Qi." In the seventh month on the Yichou day, Venus, Jupiter, and Mercury converged in Zhang. The divination said: "This signifies war and mourning both within and outside the borders, as well as changes in the establishment of kings and dukes." "Zhang represents Zhou territory, which is now Henan, and also Chu." In the second year on the Bingzi day of the seventh month, Mars and Mercury appeared at dawn in the east, then remained stationary over Dou. The divination said: "This signifies that the state will lose its ancestral rites." By the twelfth month, Mercury and Mars converged in Dou. The divination said: "This signifies a quenching event; military campaigns or major undertakings should not be initiated, for misfortune will surely follow." One interpretation says: "This signifies the northern army; using troops or initiating actions will result in a great defeat." "Dou represents Wu, and also Yue." In this year a comet appeared in the southwest. In March of that year, six sons of the emperor were enfeoffed as kings: Huaiyang, Runan, Hejian, Linjiang, Changsha, and Guangchuan. In the third year of his reign, Wu, Chu, Jiaoxi, Jiaodong, Zichuan, Jinan, and Zhao—seven states—rebelled. The armies of Wu and Chu arrived first to attack Liang, while the three states of Jiaoxi, Jiao dong, and Zichuan encircled Qi. Han dispatched the Grand General Zhou Yafu and others to defend Henan, waiting for Wu and Chu's strength to wane, and eventually defeated them. The King of Wu fled to Yue, where the people of Yue attacked and killed him. Pingyang Hou defeated the armies of the three states at Qi; all were made to suffer their due punishment, and the King of Qi committed suicide. Han forces used water to attack Zhao's city walls, which collapsed, leading the king to commit suicide. In June, two imperial sons and one son of King Yuan of Chu were enfeoffed as kings: Jiaoxi, Zhongshan, and Chu. The king of Jinbei was transferred to become King of Zichuan; the king of Huaiyang became King of Lu, and the king of Runan became King of Jiangdu. In July, the military campaign ended. A celestial dog descended; it was interpreted as: "The destruction of an army and the killing of a general." Dogs are also symbols of defense and protection; where the celestial dog descends, it serves as a warning to those responsible for defense. Wu and Chu attacked Liang, but Liang held its city walls firmly; thus, corpses and blood flowed beneath them.
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| | 天文志: |
三年，填星在婁，幾入，還居奎。奎，魯也。占曰：「其國得地為得填。」是歲魯為國。 |
| | In the third year, Saturn was near Lou, nearly entering it before retreating to stay in Kui. Kui represents Lu. The divination said: "A state gaining territory is considered a gain of Saturn." In this year, Lu became an independent state.
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| | 天文志: |
四年七月癸未，火入東井，行陰，又以九月己未入輿鬼，戊寅出。占曰：「為誅罰，又為火災。」後二年，有栗氏事。其後未央東闕災。 |
| | On the Kuwei day of the seventh month in the fourth year, Mars entered Dongjing and moved through yin regions; then on the Jiwei day of September it entered Yugu, emerging again on the Wuyin day. The divination said: "This signifies punishment and execution, as well as fire disasters." Two years later, the Lishu incident occurred. After that, a fire disaster struck the eastern gate of Weiyang Palace.
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| | 天文志: |
中元年，填星當在觜觿、參，去居東井。占曰：「亡地，不乃有女憂。」其三年正月丁亥，金、木合於觜觿，為白衣之會。三月丁酉，彗星夜見西北，色白，長丈，在觜觿，且去益小，十五日不見。占曰：「必有破國亂君，伏死其辜。觜觿，梁也。」其五月甲午，金、木俱在東井。戉，金去木留，守之二十日。占曰：「傷成於戉。木為諸侯，誅將行於諸侯也。」其六月壬戌，蓬星見西南，在房南，去房可二丈，大如二斗器，色白；癸亥，在心東北，可長丈所；甲子，在尾北，可六丈；丁卯，在箕北，近漢，稍小，且去時，大如桃。壬申去，凡十日。占曰：「蓬星出，必有亂臣。房、心間，天子宮也。」是時梁王欲為漢嗣，使人殺漢爭臣袁盎。漢桉誅梁大臣，斧戉用。梁王恐懼，布車入關，伏斧戉謝罪，然後得免。 |
| | In the first year of Zhongyuan, Saturn should have been in Zuixi and Shen but instead remained in Dongjing. The divination said: "Loss of territory; otherwise, there will be female-related worries." In the third year on the Dinghai day of the first month, Venus and Jupiter converged in Zuixi, forming a meeting of commoners. On the Dingyou day of March, a white comet appeared at night in the northwest; it was one zhang long and located in Zuixi. As it moved away, it gradually became smaller and disappeared after fifteen days. The divination said: "There will certainly be a state destroyed by chaos, with its ruler perishing for his crimes." "Zuixi represents Liang." On the Jiawu day of May, Venus and Jupiter were both in Dongjing. Yue: Venus moved away while Jupiter remained stationary for twenty days. The divination said: "Damage will be caused by Yue." "Jupiter represents feudal lords; this indicates that executions or punishments will occur among them." On the Renxu day of June, a peng star appeared in the southwest, south of Fang. It was about two zhang away from Fang and as large as a container holding two dou; its color was white; On the Guihai day, it appeared in the northeast of Xin, about one zhang long; On the Jiayin day, it was located north of Wei and measured approximately six zhang; On the Dingmao day, it appeared north of Ji, near Han. It was slightly smaller and, as it moved away, its size resembled that of a peach. It disappeared on the Renshen day; in total, it remained visible for ten days. The divination said: "When a peng star appears, there will certainly be rebellious ministers." "The area between Fang and Xin is the palace of the Son of Heaven." At that time, King Liang wished to become heir to Han and sent someone to kill the Han official Yuan Ang. Han investigated and executed ministers of Liang, using axes and halberds. King Liang was terrified, drove his carriage into the pass, knelt before axes and halberds to apologize for his crimes, and only then was he spared.
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| | 天文志: |
中三年十一月庚午夕，金、火合於虛，相去一寸。占曰：「為鑠，為喪。虛，齊也。」 |
| | On the evening of the Gengwu day of November in the third year of Zhong, the planets Venus and Mars conjoined in Xū, about one cun apart. The divination said: "This portends destruction and mourning." "Xū corresponds to Qi."
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| | 天文志: |
四年四月丙申，金、木合於東井。占曰：「為白衣之會。非，秦也。」其五年四月乙巳，水、火合於參。占曰：「國不吉。參，梁也。」其六年四月，梁孝王死。五月，城陽王、濟陰王死。六月，成陽公主死。出入三月，天子四衣白，臨邸第。 |
| | On the Bingshen day of April in the fourth year, Venus and Jupiter conjoined in Dongjing. The divination said: "This portends an assembly of commoners." "No, this corresponds to Qin." On the Yisi day of April in the fifth year, Mercury and Mars conjoined in Shen. The divination said: "This portends misfortune for the state." "Shen corresponds to Liang." In April of the sixth year, King Xiao of Liang died. In May, Wang Chengyang and Wang Jiyin died. In June, Princess Chengyang died. Within three months, the Son of Heaven wore white four times and visited their mansions in person.
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| | 天文志: |
後元年五月壬午，火、金合於輿鬼之東北，不至柳，出輿鬼北可五寸。占曰：「為鑠，有喪。輿鬼，秦也。」丙戌，地大動，鈴鈴然，民大疫死，棺貴，至秋止。 |
| | On the Renshen day of May in the first year of Houyuan, Mars and Venus conjoined northeast of Yugu, not reaching Liu. They appeared about five cun north of Yugu. The divination said: "This portends destruction and mourning." "Yugu corresponds to Qin." On the Bingxiu day, there was a great earthquake; it sounded like bells ringing. A severe plague killed many people, and coffins became very expensive, lasting until autumn.
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| | 天文志: |
孝武建元三年三月，有星孛於注、張，歷太微，干紫宮，至於天漢。春秋「星孛於北斗，齊、魯、晉之君皆將死亂」。今星孛歷五宿，其後濟東、膠西、江都王皆坐法削黜自殺，淮陽、衡山謀反而誅。 |
| | In the third year of Jianyuan during the reign of Emperor Xiaowu, in March, a comet appeared near Zhu and Zhang, passed through Taiwei, intruded into Zigong, and reached Tianhan. The Spring and Autumn Annals says: "A comet appeared in the Big Dipper; the rulers of Qi, Lu, and Jin will all die in chaos." Now the comet passed through five constellations; afterward, the kings of Jidong, Jiaoxi, and Jiangdu were all stripped of their titles and committed suicide for breaking laws, while Huyang and Hengshan plotted rebellion and were executed.
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| | 天文志: |
三年四月，有星孛於天紀，至織女。占曰：「織女有女變，天紀為地震。」至四年十月而地動，其後陳皇后廢。 |
| | In April of the third year, a comet appeared in Tianji, reaching Zhinv. The divination said: "Zhinv portends female calamity; Tianji indicates an earthquake." In October of the fourth year, there was an earthquake. Afterward, Empress Chen was deposed.
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六年，熒惑守輿鬼。占曰：「為火變，有喪。」是歲高園有火災，竇太后崩。 |
| | In the sixth year, Mars remained stationed in Yugu. The divination said: "This portends a fire disaster and mourning." In this year, there was a fire at Gaoyuan; Empress Dowager Dou passed away.
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元光元年六月，客星見于房。占曰：「為兵起。」其二年十一月，單于將十萬騎入武州，漢遣兵三十餘萬以待之。 |
| | In June of the first year of Yuanguang, a guest star appeared in Fang. The divination said: "This portends the outbreak of war." In November of the second year, the Chanyu led 100,000 cavalry into Wuzhou; Han dispatched more than 300,000 troops to await him.
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元光中，天星盡搖，上以問候星者。對曰：「星搖者，民勞也。」後伐四夷，百姓勞于兵革。 |
| | During the middle of Yuanguang, all the heavenly stars appeared to tremble; the emperor asked those who observed celestial phenomena about it. They replied: "When stars appear to shake, it indicates that the people are overburdened with labor." Later, when campaigns were launched against the four foreign tribes, the common people suffered from military service and warfare.
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| | 天文志: |
元鼎五年，太白入于天苑。占曰：「將以馬起兵也。」一曰：「 |
| | In the fifth year of Yuanding, Tai Bai entered Tianyuan. The divination said: "This indicates that a general will raise an army by horse." One interpretation says:
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| | 天文志: |
馬將以軍而死秏。」其後以天馬故誅大宛，馬大死於軍。 |
| | "Horses will be lost and perished due to military campaigns." Later, because of the heavenly horses, Dayuan was attacked; many horses died in the campaign.
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| | 天文志: |
元鼎中，熒惑守南斗。占曰：「熒惑所守，為亂賊喪兵；守之久，其國絕祀。南斗，越分也。」其後越相呂嘉殺其王及太后，漢兵誅之，滅其國。 |
| | During Yuanding, Mars remained stationed at Nandou. The divination said: "Where Mars remains stationed, there will be rebels, mourning, and loss of military strength; the longer it stays, the more certain it is that the state will lose its ancestral rites." "Nandou corresponds to the region of Yue." Later, Lu Jia, the prime minister of Yue, killed his king and empress dowager; Han forces punished him, destroying the state.
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| | 天文志: |
元封中，星孛于河戍。占曰：「南戍為越門，北戍為胡門。」其後漢兵擊拔朝鮮，以為樂浪、玄菟郡。朝鮮在海中，越之象也；居北方，胡之域也。 |
| | During Yuanfeng, a comet appeared at Heshu in the Yellow River region. The divination said: "Nanshu represents the gate of Yue; Beishu represents the gate of Hu." Later, Han forces attacked and captured Chaoxian, establishing it as Lelang and Xuantu commanderies. Chaoxian lies across the sea; it is an omen of Yue; it resides in the north, within the territory of Hu.
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太初中，星孛于招搖。傳曰：「客星守招搖，蠻夷有亂，民死君。」其後漢兵擊大宛，斬其王。招搖，遠夷之分也。 |
| | During Taichu, a comet appeared at Zhaoyao. The commentary says: "When a guest star remains stationed in Zhaoyao, there will be chaos among the southern and northern barbarians, and people will die for their ruler." Later, Han forces attacked Dayuan and killed its king. Zhaoyao corresponds to the distant barbarian regions.
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| | 天文志: |
孝昭始元中，漢宦者梁成恢及燕王候星者吳莫如見蓬星出西方天市東門，行過河鼓，入營室中。恢曰：「蓬星出六十日，不出三年，下有亂臣戮死於市。」後太白出西方，下行一舍，復上行二舍而下去。太白主兵，上復下，將有戮死者。後太白出東方，入咸池，東下入東井。人臣不忠，有謀上者。後太白入太微西藩第一星，北出東藩第一星，北東下去。太微者，天廷也，太白行其中，宮門當閉，大將被甲兵，邪臣伏誅。熒惑在婁，逆行至奎，法曰「當有兵」。後太白入昴。莫如曰：「蓬星出西方，當有大臣戮死者。太白星入東井、太微廷，出東門，漢有死將。」後熒惑出東方，守太白。兵當起，主人不勝。後流星下燕萬載宮極，東去，法曰「國恐，有誅」。其後左將軍桀、票騎將軍安與長公主、燕剌王謀亂，咸伏其辜。兵誅烏桓。 |
| | During the middle of Shiyuan in the reign of Emperor Xiaozhao, Han eunuch Liang Chenghui and Yanwang star observer Wu Moxu observed a peng star emerging from the western gate of Tian Shi, passing over Hedou, and entering Yingshi. Chenghui said: "Sixty days after the peng star appears, or within three years at most, there will be rebellious ministers executed in public." Later, Tai Bai emerged from the west, moved downward for one she (a unit of distance), then upward for two she before descending. Tai Bai governs military affairs; its movement up and down again indicates that there will be executions or deaths by punishment. Later, Tai Bai emerged in the east, entered Xianchi, moved downward to the east and then into Dongjing. Ministers are disloyal; there is someone plotting against the ruler. Later, Tai Bai entered the first star of the western fence of Taiwei and exited northward from the first star of its eastern fence before descending to the northeast. Taiwei is the celestial court; when Tai Bai moves through it, palace gates should be closed. Generals will don armor and arms, while wicked ministers are executed. Mars was in Lou, moving retrograde to Kui; according to the law of omens, this indicates "there will be military conflict." Later, Tai Bai entered Mao. Wu Moxu said: "When a peng star emerges in the west, there will be high-ranking ministers executed." "When Tai Bai enters Dongjing and the court of Taiwei, exits through its eastern gate, a Han general will be killed." Later, Mars emerged in the east and remained stationed with Tai Bai. War will break out, but the host side will not prevail. Later, a falling star descended toward the extreme of Wanzai Palace in Yan and moved eastward; according to the law, this indicates "the state will be fearful, with executions." Later, General Zuo Jie and 骠骑将军 An, along with the Crown Princess and Prince Yan La, plotted rebellion; they were all executed for their crimes. Military forces punished Wuhuan.
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| | 天文志: |
元鳳四年九月，客星在紫宮中斗樞極間。占曰：「為兵。」其五年六月，發三輔郡國少年詣北軍。五年四月，燭星見奎、婁間。占曰「有土功，胡人死，邊城和。」其六年正月，築遼東、玄菟城。二月，度遼將軍范明友擊烏桓還。 |
| | In September of the fourth year of Yuanfeng, a guest star was located between the central axis and the pole in Zigong. The divination said: "This portends war." In June of the fifth year, young men from the three Fu commanderies and states were conscripted to join the northern army. In April of the fifth year, a zhu star appeared between Kui and Lou. The divination said: "This indicates earthworks will be carried out; Hu people will die, and border cities will achieve peace." In January of the sixth year, walls were built in Liaodong and Xuantu. In February, General Duoliao Fan Mingyou returned after attacking Wuhuan.
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元平元年正月庚子，日出時有黑雲，狀如焱風亂鬊，轉出西北，東南行，轉而西，有頃亡。占曰：「有雲如眾風，是謂風師，法有大兵。」其後兵起烏孫，五將征匈奴。 |
| | On the Gengzi day of January in the first year of Yuanping, at sunrise there was black cloud resembling a swirling firestorm with disheveled hair. It turned out from the northwest, moved southeastward, then turned westward; after a short while, it disappeared. The divination said: "Clouds resembling many winds are called Fengshi; this indicates the presence of a great army." Later, war broke out with Wusun, and five generals were dispatched to campaign against the Xiongnu.
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| | 天文志: |
二月甲申，晨有大星如月，有眾星隨而西行。乙酉，牂雲如狗，赤色，長尾三枚，夾漢西行。大星如月，大臣之象，眾星隨之，眾皆隨從也。天文以東行為順，西行為逆，此大臣欲行權以安社稷。占曰：「太白散為天狗，為卒起。卒起見，禍無時，臣運柄。牂雲為亂君。」到其四月，昌邑王賀行淫辟，立二十七日，大將軍霍光白皇太后廢賀。 |
| | On the Jia Shen day of February, in the morning there was a large star as big as the moon, with many stars following it westward. On the Yi You day, dark clouds resembling dogs appeared, red in color, each with a long tail; three of them moved westward along the Milky Way. A large star as big as the Moon symbolizes a high-ranking minister, and other stars following it indicate that many people follow him. In celestial phenomena, movement to the east is considered auspicious, while movement to the west is inauspicious; this indicates that a high minister intends to exercise authority for the stability of the state. The divination said: "Tai Bai disperses as Tiangou, indicating sudden military action." When sudden military action appears, disaster strikes without warning; ministers seize power. Dark clouds resembling dogs indicate a rebellious ruler." By April, King Changyi Wang He engaged in licentious and deviant behavior. After reigning for only twenty-seven days, Grand General Huo Guang reported to Empress Dowager Huang and had He deposed.
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| | 天文志: |
三月丙戌，流星出翼、軫東北，干太微，入紫宮。始出小，且入大，有光。入有頃，聲如雷，三鳴止。占曰：「流星入紫宮，天下大凶。」其四月癸未，宮車晏駕。 |
| | On the Bingxu day of March, a shooting star emerged from northeast of Yi and Zhen, intruding into Taiwei, then entering Zigong. Initially small when it appeared, it grew larger as it entered, with a bright glow. After entering for a short while, there was a sound like thunder, which echoed three times and then ceased. The divination said: "A shooting star entering Zigong signifies great misfortune for the realm." In April, on the Gengwei day, the imperial carriage departed late.
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| | 天文志: |
孝宣本始元年四月壬戌甲夜，辰星與參出西方。其二年七月辛亥夕，辰星與翼出，皆為蚤。占曰：「大臣誅。」其後熒惑守房之鉤鈐。鉤鈐，天子之御也。占曰：「不太僕，則奉車，不黜即死也。房、心，天子宮也。房為將相，心為子屬也。其地宋，今楚彭城也。」四年七月甲辰，辰星在翼，月犯之。占曰：「兵起，上卿死，將相也。」是日，熒惑入輿鬼天質。占曰：「大臣有誅者，名曰天賊在大人之側。」 |
| | On the night of the Ren Xu day in April of the first year of Ben Shi during the reign of Emperor Xuan, the planet Shen emerged from the west together with the constellation Shen. On the evening of the Xin Hai day in July of the second year, the planet Shen appeared along with Yi; both were early risings. The divination said: "A minister will be executed." After that, Ying Huo remained stationed at the hook of Fang. The hook of Fang is the emperor's chariot. The divination said: "If not Tai Pu, then Fu Che; either dismissed or dead." Fang and Xin are the palaces of the Son of Heaven. Fang represents generals and ministers, while Xin represents sons and descendants. Its location is Song, which is now Pengcheng in Chu." On the Jia Chen day of July in the fourth year, the planet Shen was at Yi, and the Moon passed over it. The divination said: "War will break out; a high-ranking official will die—this refers to generals and ministers." On this day, Ying Huo entered Yugu Tiangui. The divination said: "A minister will be executed; it is called 'Tian Zei' (heavenly bandit) near a great person."
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地節元年正月戊午乙夜，月食熒惑，熒惑在角、亢。占曰：「憂在宮中，非賊而盜也。有內亂，讒臣在旁。」其辛酉，熒惑入氐中。氐，天子之宮，熒惑入之，有賊臣。其六月戊戌甲夜，客星又居左右角間，東南指，長可二尺，色白。占曰：「有姦人在宮廷間。」其丙寅，又有客星見貫索東北，南行，至七月癸酉夜入天市，芒炎東南指，其色白。占曰：「有戮卿。」一曰：「有戮王。期皆一年，遠二年。」是時，楚王延壽謀逆自殺。四年，故大將軍霍光夫人顯、將軍霍禹、范明友、奉車霍山及諸昆弟賓婚為侍中、諸曹、九卿、郡守皆謀反，咸伏其辜。 |
| | On the night of Wu Wu day in January of the first year of Di Jie, the Moon occulted Ying Huo; at that time, Ying Huo was located in Jiao and Kang. The divination said: "Trouble lies within the palace; it is not a rebel but a thief." There will be internal unrest, with sycophantic ministers at his side." On the Xin You day, Ying Huo entered Di Zhong. Di is the palace of the Son of Heaven; when Ying Huo enters it, there are traitorous ministers. On the night of Wu Xu day in June, a guest star again appeared between the left and right horns (Jiao), pointing southeast, about two chi long, with white color. The divination said: "There is an untrustworthy person within the palace." On the Bing Yin day, another guest star appeared northeast of Guansuo, moving southward; by the night of Geng You day in July, it entered Tian Shi. It had a bright flame pointing southeast and was white in color. The divination said: "There will be an executed high-ranking official." Another interpretation says: "There will be a slain king." The time frame is within one year, at most two years." At that time, Prince of Chu Yuan Shou plotted rebellion and committed suicide. In the fourth year, Lady Xian, the former Grand General Huo Guang's wife, General Huo Yu, Fan Mingyou, Fengche Huo Shan, and various uncles, brothers, in-laws, and relatives who held positions as Shizhong, Zhucou, Jiuchang, and governors of commanderies all conspired to rebel; they were all duly punished.
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黃龍元年三月，客星居王梁東北可九尺，長丈餘，西指，出閣道間，至紫宮。其十二月，宮車晏駕。 |
| | In March of the first year of Huanglong, a guest star appeared about nine chi northeast of Wangliang, more than one zhang long, pointing westward; it emerged from between the palace roads and reached Zigong. In December, the imperial carriage departed later than usual.
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| | 天文志: |
元帝初元元年四月，客星大如瓜，色青白，在南斗第二星東可四尺。占曰：「為水飢。」其五月，勃海水大溢。六月，關東大飢，民多餓死，琅邪郡人相食。 |
| | In April of the first year of Chuyuan during Emperor Yuan's reign, a guest star as large as a melon appeared, with bluish-white color, about four chi east of the second star in Nandou. The divination said: "This signifies water and famine." In May, the waters of Bohai overflowed greatly. In June, there was a great famine in Guandong; many people starved to death, and in Langya commandery, people resorted to cannibalism.
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二年五月，客星見昴分，居卷舌東可五尺，青白色，炎長三寸。占曰：「天下有妄言者。」其十二月，鉅鹿都尉謝君男詐為神人，論死，父免官。 |
| | In May of the second year, a guest star appeared in Mao Fen, about five chi east of Juanshe, bluish-white in color with a flame three cun long. The divination said: "There will be people spreading false words throughout the realm." In December, Xie Junnan, son of a Duwei officer in Julu, fraudulently pretended to be a divine being; he was sentenced to death and his father was dismissed from office.
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五年四月，彗星出西北，赤黃色，長八尺所，後數日長丈餘，東北指，在參分。後二歲餘，西羌反。 |
| | In April of the fifth year, a comet emerged in the northwest, reddish-yellow in color, about eight chi long; several days later it grew more than one zhang in length, pointing northeast, and was located in Shen Fen. Two years later, the western Qiang rebelled.
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| | 天文志: |
孝成建始元年九月戊子，有流星出文昌，色白，光燭地，長可四丈，大一圍，動搖如龍蛇形。有頃，長可五六丈，大四圍所，詘折委曲，貫紫宮西，在斗西北子亥間。後詘如環，北方不合，留一合所。占曰：「文昌為上將貴相。」是時帝舅王鳳為大將軍，其後宣帝舅子王商為丞相，皆貴重任政。鳳妒商，譖而罷之。商自殺，親屬皆廢黜。 |
| | On the Wu Zi day of September in the first year of Jianshi during Emperor Cheng's reign, a shooting star emerged from Wenchang; it was white in color, its light illuminated the ground, about four zhang long and one wei wide, moving like a dragon or snake. After a short while, it was about five to six zhang long and four wei wide; its path bent and twisted as it passed through the western part of Zigong, located between Zi and Hai in the northwest of Dou. Later, it curved like a ring; its northern end did not close completely, leaving an opening about one he wide. The divination said: "Wenchang represents high-ranking generals and noble ministers." At that time, Wang Feng, the emperor's maternal uncle, was Grand General; later, Wang Shang, the nephew of Emperor Xuan and son-in-law of the emperor, became Chancellor—both held high positions and bore great responsibilities in governance. Feng envied Shang and slandered him, leading to his dismissal. Shang committed suicide, and all of his relatives were dismissed from office.
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四年七月，熒惑隃歲星，居其東北半寸所如連李。時歲星在關星西四尺所，熒惑初從畢口大星東東北往，數日至，往疾去遲。占曰：「熒惑與歲星鬥，有病君飢歲。」至河平元年三月，旱，傷麥，民食榆皮。二年十二月壬申，太皇太后避時昆明東觀。 |
| | In July of the fourth year, Ying Huo overtook Su Xing, located about half an inch northeast of it, appearing like a cluster of li fruits. At that time, Su Xing was about four chi west of Guanxing; Ying Huo initially moved northeast from the east of a large star at Bi Kou and reached this position in several days, moving quickly toward it but slowly away. The divination said: "When Ying Huo contends with Su Xing, the ruler will fall ill and there will be a year of famine." By March of the first year of Heping, there was drought; crops were damaged, wheat failed, and people ate elm bark for sustenance. On the Ren Shen day in December of the second year, Empress Dowager Tai Huang Tai Hou moved to the eastern pavilion at Kunming for shelter.
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十一月乙卯，月食填星，星不見，時在輿鬼西北八九尺所。占曰：「月食填星，流民千里。」河平元年三月，流民入函谷關。 |
| | On the Yi Mao day of November, the Moon occulted Tian Xing; the star was not visible at that time and was located about eight to nine chi northwest of Yugu. The divination said: "When the Moon occults Tian Xing, thousands of displaced people will flee over a thousand li." In March of the first year Heping, displaced people entered the Hangu Pass.
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| | 天文志: |
河平二年十月下旬，填星在東井軒轅南耑大星尺餘，歲星在其西北尺所，熒惑在其西北二尺所，皆從西方來。填星貫輿鬼，先到歲星次，熒惑亦貫輿鬼。十一月上旬，歲星、熒惑西去填星，皆西北逆行。占曰：「三星若合，是謂驚位，是謂絕行，外內有兵與喪，改立王公。」其十一月丁巳，夜郎王歆大逆不道，牂柯太守立捕殺歆。三年九月甲戌，東郡莊平男子侯母辟兄弟五人群黨為盜，攻燔官寺，縛縣長吏，盜取印綬，自稱將軍。三月辛卯，左將軍千秋卒，右將軍史丹為左將軍。四年四月戊申，梁王賀薨。 |
| | In the latter half of October in the second year of Heping, Tian Xing was located more than one chi south of a large star at the southern end of Dongjing Xuanyuan; Su Xing was about one chi northwest of it, and Ying Huo was two chi to its northwest. All three stars had come from the west. Tian Xing passed through Yugu, arriving at Su Xing's position first; Ying Huo also passed through Yugu. In the early part of November, Su Xing and Ying Huo moved westward away from Tian Xing; both traveled northwest in retrograde motion. The divination said: "When three stars align, it is called 'Jing Wei,' meaning a disruption of order; this signifies military conflict and mourning both within and outside the realm, as well as the replacement of kings and dukes." On the Ding Si day in November, Wang Xin, King of Yelang, committed a great act of treason and impiety; Taike Taishou immediately captured and killed him. On the Jia Xu day in September of the third year, five brothers from Zhuangping, Dongjun, formed a gang and became bandits. They attacked and burned official temples, bound county officials, stole seals and sashes, and proclaimed themselves generals. On the Xin Mao day in March, General Qianqiu died; You Jiangjun Shi Dan became Zuo Jiangjun. On the Wu Shen day in April of the fourth year, King Liang He passed away.
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陽朔元年七月壬子，月犯心星。占曰：「其國有憂，若有大喪。房、心為宋，今楚地。」十一月辛未，楚王友薨。 |
| | On the Ren Zi day in July of the first year Yingsuo, the Moon approached Xin Xing. The divination said: "There will be trouble or a great mourning event in that state." Fang and Xin represent Song, which is now part of Chu." On the Xin Wei day in November, King Chuyou passed away.
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四夫閏月庚午，飛星大如缶，出西南，入斗下。占曰：「漢使匈奴。」明年，鴻嘉元年正月，匈奴單于雕陶莫皋死。五月甲午，遣中郎將楊興使弔。 |
| | In the fourth year of the reign, on the Geng Wu day of the intercalary month, a flying star as large as an earthen jar emerged from the southwest and entered beneath Dou. The divination said: "Han will send envoys to Xiongnu." The following year, in January of the first year Hongjia, the Xiongnu Chanyu Diaotao Mogao died. On the Jia Wu day in May, Zhonglangjiang Yang Xing was sent as an envoy to pay respects and offer condolences.
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| | 天文志: |
永始二年二月癸未夜，東方有赤色，大三四圍，長二三丈，索索如樹，南方有大四五圍，下行十餘丈，皆不至地滅。占曰：「東方客之變氣，狀如樹木，以此知四方欲動者。」明年十二月己卯，尉氏男子樊並等謀反，賊殺陳留太守嚴普及吏民，出囚徒，取庫兵，劫略令丞，自稱將軍，皆誅死。庚子，山陽鐵官亡徒蘇令等殺傷吏民，篡出囚徒，取庫兵，聚黨數百人為大賊，踰年經歷郡國四十餘。一日有兩氣同時起，並見，而並、令等同月俱發也。 |
| | On the night of Geng Wei day in February of the second year Yongshi, there was a red object to the east, about three or four wei wide and two or three zhang long; it moved like branches of a tree. To the south, another large object appeared, five or six wei wide and more than ten zhang long moving downward, both disappearing before reaching the ground. The divination said: "This red phenomenon to the east is an omen of change from a foreign guest, appearing like trees; this indicates unrest in all directions." The following year, on the Ji Mao day in December, Fan Bing and others from Weishi plotted rebellion, killing Chenliu Taishou Yan Pu as well as officials and civilians, releasing prisoners, seizing weapons from the treasury, robbing magistrates and county officers, and proclaiming themselves generals; they were all executed. On the Geng Zi day, Su Ling and others from Tuguan in Shanyang, who were escaped convicts, killed or injured officials and civilians, freed prisoners, seized weapons from the treasury, gathered hundreds of followers to become major bandits, and over a year they passed through more than forty commanderies and states. On one day, two omens appeared simultaneously; both were visible at the same time, corresponding to Fan Bing, Ling and others who launched their uprisings in the same month.
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| | 天文志: |
元延元年四月丁酉日餔時，天蛲晏，殷殷如雷聲，有流星頭大如缶，長十餘丈，皎然赤白色，從日下東南去。四面或大如盂，或如雞子，燿燿如雨下，至昏止。郡國皆言星隕。春秋星隕如雨為王者失勢諸侯起伯之異也。其後王莽遂顓國柄。王氏之興萌於成帝，是以有星隕之變。後莽遂篡國。 |
| | At the Bi time on the Ding You day in April of the first year Yuanyan, the sky was clear and bright; there was a deep rumbling sound like thunder. A shooting star with a head as large as an earthenware jar appeared, more than ten zhang long, shining brightly red-white in color, moving southeast from beneath the Sun. On all sides, some were as large as bowls or eggs; they shone brightly like rain falling until dusk. Commanderies and states all reported that stars had fallen. In the Spring and Autumn Annals, a rain of falling stars signifies an unusual event in which a king loses power and feudal lords rise to dominance. After this, Wang Mang eventually seized control of the state's authority. The rise of the Wang family began during Emperor Cheng's reign; thus, there was an omen of falling stars. Later, Mang usurped the throne.
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| | 天文志: |
綏和元年正月辛未，有流星從東南入北斗，長數十丈，二刻所息。占曰：「大臣有繫者。」其年十一月庚子，定陵侯淳于長坐執左道下獄死。 |
| | On the Xin Wei day of January in the first year Suíhuò, a shooting star moved from the southeast into Beidou, dozens of zhang long, and lasted for about two ke before disappearing. The divination said: "A high-ranking minister will be imprisoned." In November of that year, on the Geng Zi day, Dingling Hou Chunyu Chang was put in prison and died after being convicted for practicing false doctrines.
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| | 天文志: |
二年春，熒惑守心。二月乙丑，丞相翟方進欲塞災異，自殺。 |
| | In spring of the second year, Yinghuo remained stationed at Xin. On the Yi Chou day in February, Chancellor Di Fangjin, wishing to avert an ominous celestial event, committed suicide.
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| | 天文志: |
二月丙戌，宮車晏駕。 |
| | On the Bing Xu day of February, the imperial carriage departed later than expected.
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| | 天文志: |
哀帝建平元年正月丁未日出時，有著天白氣，廣如一匹布，長十餘丈，西南行，讙如雷，西南行一刻而止，名曰天狗。傳曰：「言之不從，則有犬禍詩妖。」到其四年正月、二月、三月，民相驚動，讙譁奔走，傳行詔籌祠西王母，又曰「從目人當來」。十二月，白氣出西南，從地上至天，出參下，貫天廁，廣如一疋布，長十餘丈，十餘日去。占曰：「天子有陰病。」其三年十一月壬子，太皇太后詔曰：「皇帝寬仁孝順，奉承聖緒，靡有解怠，而久病未瘳。夙夜惟思，殆繼體之君不宜改作。春秋大復古，其復甘泉泰畤、汾陰后土如故。」 |
| | On the Ding Wei day of January, Emperor Ai's Jianping first year, at sunrise, a white vapor appeared across the sky, as wide as a bolt of cloth and more than ten zhang long. It moved toward the southwest, accompanied by a sound like thunder, and lasted for one ke before stopping; this phenomenon was called Tiangou (heavenly dog). The Commentary says: "If words are not heeded, there will be an omen of canine calamity and poetic portents." By the fourth year, in January, February, and March, the people were alarmed and stirred up, shouting and running about, spreading proclamations to worship the goddess Xi Wangmu; it was also said that "a person with three eyes will come." In December, a white vapor emerged from the southwest, rising from the ground to the sky, appearing below Shen and passing through Tiance. It was as wide as a bolt of fabric and more than ten zhang in length, lasting for over ten days before disappearing. The divination said: "The Son of Heaven has an illness related to yin." In the third year, on the Ren Zi day of November, the Taihuangtaihou issued an edict stating: "The emperor is broad-minded, kind, filial and obedient, upholding the sacred legacy without any slackening; yet his prolonged illness has not improved. Day and night I ponder this matter, and it seems that a successor king should not make changes. The Spring and Autumn Annals greatly advocate returning to antiquity; therefore, the rites at Ganquan Taichi and Fenyin Houtu should be restored as before."
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| | 天文志: |
二年二月，彗星出牽牛七十餘日。傳曰：「彗所以除舊布新也。牽牛，日、月、五星所從起，曆數之元，三正之始。彗而出之，改更之象也。其出久者，為其事大也。」其六月甲子，夏賀良等建言當改元易號，增漏刻。詔書改建平二年為太初元將元年，號曰陳聖劉太平皇帝，刻漏以百二十為度。八月丁巳，悉復蠲除之，賀良及黨與皆伏誅流放。其後卒有王莽篡國之禍。 |
| | In February of the second year, a comet appeared near Qianniu and remained visible for more than seventy days. The Commentary says: "A comet appears to clear away the old and bring forth the new." Qianniu is where the sun, moon, and five planets originate; it marks the beginning of calendrical calculations and the start of the three calendar systems. The appearance of a comet from this region signifies an omen for change and renewal. A long-lasting appearance indicates that the matter is significant." In June, on the Jia Zi day, Xia Heliang and others proposed that the era name should be changed, a new title adopted, and the number of ke in the day increased. An edict was issued changing Jianping second year to Taichu Yuanjiang first year, with the title "Chen Sheng Liu Taiping Huangdi," and the water clock adjusted to 120 ke as its measure. On the Bing Si day of August, all these changes were completely abolished; He Liang and his associates were all executed or exiled. After this came the calamity of Wang Mang usurping the throne.
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| | 天文志: |
元壽元年十一月，歲星入太微，逆行干右執法。占曰：「大臣有憂，執法者誅，若有罪。」二年十月戊寅，高安侯董賢免大司馬位，歸第自殺。 |
| | In November, first year Yuanshou, the planet Suixing entered Taiwei and moved in retrograde motion to interfere with Youzhifa. The divination said: "High-ranking ministers will suffer worries; those enforcing the law will be executed, as if they had committed crimes." On the Wu Yin day of October in the second year, Gao'an Hou Dong Xian was removed from his position as Da Sima and returned home to commit suicide.
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