| | 衛青霍去... : |
衛青字仲卿。其父鄭季，河東平陽人也，以縣吏給事侯家。平陽侯曹壽尚武帝姊陽信長公主。季與主家僮衛媼通，生青。青有同母兄衛長及姊子夫，子夫自平陽公主家得幸武帝，故青冒姓為衛氏。衛媼長女君孺，次女少兒，次女則子夫。子夫男弟步廣，皆冒衛氏。 |
| | Wei Qing, courtesy name Zhongqing. His father Zheng Ji was a native of Pingyang, Hedong; he served as a county official in the household of a marquis. Pingyang Hou Cao Shou married Yangxin Changgongzhu, the elder princess and sister of Emperor Wu. Ji had an affair with Wei Ao, a servant girl in the princess's household, and they gave birth to Qing. Qing had an elder half-brother named Wei Chang and a niece, Weizi Fu. Weizi Fu gained the emperor's favor while in the household of Princess Pingyang, so Qing took on the surname Wei. Wei Ao's eldest daughter was Junru; her second daughter was Shaoer; and her third daughter was Weizi Fu. Weizi Fu had a younger brother named Buguang, who also adopted the surname Wei.
|
| | 衛青霍去... : |
青為侯家人，少時歸其父，父使牧羊。民母之子皆奴畜之，不以為兄弟數。青嘗從人至甘泉居室，有一鉗徒相青曰：「 |
| | Qing was raised in the marquis's household but when he was young returned to his father, who made him tend sheep. The sons of his mother were all treated like slaves and not counted as brothers. Qing once followed someone to the residence at Ganshan, where a man who had been branded on his face and was serving as a penal laborer read Qing's fortune and said: "
|
| | 衛青霍去... : |
貴人也，官至封侯。」青笑曰：「人奴之生，得無笞罵即足矣，安得封侯事乎！」 |
| | You are destined for great fortune; you will attain the rank of marquis." Qing laughed and said, "A man born as a slave is fortunate if he avoids beatings and curses; how could I possibly attain the honor of being made marquis!"
|
| | 衛青霍去... : |
青壯，為侯家騎，從平陽主。建元二年春，青姊子夫得入宮幸上。皇后，大長公主女也，無子，妒。大長公主聞衛子夫幸，有身，妒之，乃使人捕青。青時給事建章，未知名。大長公主執囚青，欲殺之。其友騎郎公孫敖與壯士往篡之，故得不死。上聞，乃召青為建章監，侍中。及母昆弟貴，賞賜數日間累千金。君孺為太僕公孫賀妻。少兒故與陳掌通，上召貴掌。公孫敖由此益顯。子夫為夫人。青為太中大夫。 |
| | When Qing grew up, he became a horseman in the marquis's household and followed Princess Pingyang. In spring of Jianyuan 2nd year, Qing's niece Weizi Fu was taken into the palace and gained Emperor Wu's favor. The Empress, daughter of Grand Princess Dalchang, had no children and was jealous. Grand Princess Dalchang heard that Weizi Fu had gained the emperor's favor and was pregnant; she became envious, so she sent someone to arrest Qing. At this time, Qing was serving at Jianzhang Palace and was not yet well known. Grand Princess Dalchang seized and imprisoned Qing, intending to kill him. His friend Qilang Gongsun Ao, along with some strong men, went to rescue him; thus Qing did not die. The emperor heard about this and summoned Qing to serve as Jianzhang Jian (Supervisor of Jianzhang), with the title Shizhong. When his mother and uncles gained prominence, rewards and gifts accumulated to thousands of gold pieces within a few days. Junru became the wife of Gongsun He, Minister of War. Shaoer had previously been involved with Chen Zhang; the emperor summoned and honored Chen Zhang. Gongsun Ao thus became even more prominent. Weizi Fu was made a fu ren (lady of the palace). Qing became Taizhong Dafu.
|
| | 衛青霍去... : |
元光六年，拜為車騎將軍，擊匈奴，出上谷；公孫賀為輕車將軍，出雲中；太中大夫公孫敖為騎將軍，出代郡；衛尉李廣為驍騎將軍，出雁門：軍各萬騎。青至籠城，斬首虜數百。騎將軍敖亡七千騎，衛尉廣為虜所得，得脫歸，皆當斬，贖為庶人。賀亦無功。唯青賜爵關內侯。是後匈奴仍侵犯邊。語在匈奴傳。 |
| | In the sixth year of Yuanguang, he was appointed Cheqi Jiangjun (General of Chariots and Horses) to campaign against the Xiongnu, departing from Shanggu; Gongsun He was appointed Qingche Jiangjun (Light Chariot General), departing from Yunzhong; Taizhong Dafu Gongsun Ao was appointed Qi Jiangjun (Cavalry General), departing from Dai Jun; Weiwei Li Guang was appointed Xiaoqi Jiangjun (Valiant Cavalry General), departing from Yanmen: each army had ten thousand cavalry. Qing reached Longcheng and beheaded several hundred enemy soldiers. Qi Jiangjun Ao lost seven thousand cavalrymen, and Weiwei Guang was captured by the enemy. After escaping back, both were sentenced to death but ransomed themselves into commoner status. Gongsun He also achieved no success. Only Qing was granted the title of Guannei Hou (Marquis within the Pass). After this, the Xiongnu continued to invade the borders. Details are recorded in the biography of the Xiongnu.
|
| | 衛青霍去... : |
元朔元年春，衛夫人有男，立為皇后。其秋，青復將三萬騎出雁門，李息出代郡。青斬首虜數千。明年，青復出雲中，西至高闕，遂至於隴西，捕首虜數千，畜百餘萬，走白羊、樓煩王。遂取河南地為朔方郡。以三千八百戶封青為長平侯。青校尉蘇建為平陵侯，張次公為岸頭侯。使建築朔方城。上曰：「匈奴逆天理，亂人倫，暴長虐老，以盜竊為務，行詐諸蠻夷，造謀籍兵，數為邊害。故興師遣將，以征厥罪。詩不云乎？『薄伐獫允，至于太原』；『出車彭彭，城彼朔方』。今車騎將軍青度西河至高闕，獲首二千三百級，車輜畜產畢收為鹵，已封為列侯，遂西定河南地，案榆谿舊塞，絕梓領，梁北河，討蒲泥，破符離，斬輕銳之卒，捕伏聽者三千一十七級。執訊獲醜，敺馬牛羊百有餘萬，全甲兵而還，益封青三千八百戶。」其後匈奴比歲入代郡、雁門、定襄、上郡、朔方，所殺略甚眾。語在匈奴傳。 |
| | In spring of Yuanshuo first year, Weizi Fu gave birth to a son and was made empress. That autumn, Qing again led thirty thousand cavalrymen out from Yanmen, while Li Xi departed from Dai Jun. Qing beheaded several thousand enemy soldiers. The following year, Qing again departed from Yunzhong and moved west to Gaoque, reaching Longxi. He captured several thousand enemy soldiers, over a million livestock, and drove away the kings of Baiyang and Loufan. He then took the southern lands of the Yellow River and established them as Shuofang Jun (Shuofang Commandery). Qing was granted a fief of 3,800 households and enfeoffed as Changping Hou. Qing's jiao wei Su Jian was made Pingling Hou; Zhang Cigong was made Antou Hou. He ordered Su Jian to construct the city of Shuofang. The emperor said: "The Xiongnu defy the principles of Heaven, disrupt human relationships, oppress the elderly and abuse the weak, make theft their business, deceive among the various barbarian tribes, plot with armed forces, and repeatedly cause border troubles. Therefore, I have raised an army and sent generals to punish them for their crimes. Is it not said in the Book of Songs? "Lightly attack the Xunyuan, reaching Taiyuan"; "The war chariots rattle on, building that city of Shuofang." Now, Cheqi Jiangjun Qing crossed the Xihe River to Gaoque and captured 2,300 enemy heads. He seized all their chariots, supplies, livestock, and equipment as spoils of war. Already enfeoffed as a marquis, he then moved westward to pacify the southern lands along the Yellow River, restored the old fortifications at Yuxi, crossed the Ziling Pass, bridged the northern reaches of the Yellow River, attacked Puní, defeated Fuli, beheaded elite troops, and captured 3,017 enemy soldiers who had surrendered or were taken prisoner. He captured prisoners and took many captives, drove off over a hundred thousand horses, cattle, and sheep, returned with all his armor and troops intact, and was further granted 3,800 additional households." After this, the Xiongnu invaded Dai Jun, Yanmen, Dingxiang, Shang Jun, and Shuofang for several consecutive years, killing or capturing a large number of people. Details are recorded in the biography on the Xiongnu.
|
| | 衛青霍去... : |
元朔五年春，令青將三萬騎出高闕，衛尉蘇建為遊擊將軍，左內史李沮為彊弩將軍，太僕公孫賀為騎將軍，代相李蔡為輕車將軍，皆領屬車騎將軍，俱出朔方。大行李息、岸頭侯張次公為將軍，俱出右北平。匈奴右賢王當青等兵，以為漢兵不能至此，飲醉，漢兵夜至，圍右賢王。右賢王驚，夜逃，獨與其愛妾一人騎數百馳，潰圍北去。漢輕騎校尉郭成等追數百里，弗得，得右賢裨王十餘人，眾男女萬五千餘人，畜數十百萬，於是引兵而還。至塞，天子使使者持大將軍印，即軍中拜青為大將軍，諸將皆以兵屬，立號而歸。上曰：「大將軍青躬率戎士，師大捷，獲匈奴王十有餘人，益封青八千七百戶。」而封青子伉為宜春侯，子不疑為陰安侯，子登為發干侯。青固謝曰：「臣幸得待罪行間，賴陛下神靈，軍大捷，皆諸校力戰之功也。陛下幸已益封臣青，臣青子在繈褓中，未有勤勞，上幸裂地封為三侯，非臣待罪行間所以勸士力戰之意也。伉等三人何敢受封！」上曰：「我非忘諸校功也，今固且圖之。」乃詔御史曰：「護軍都尉公孫敖三從大將軍擊匈奴，常護軍傅校獲王，封敖為合騎侯。都尉韓說從大軍出窴渾，至匈奴右賢王庭，為戲下搏戰獲王，封說為龍哣侯。騎將軍賀從大將軍獲王，封賀為南窌侯。輕車將軍李蔡再從大將軍獲王，封蔡為樂安侯。校尉李朔、趙不虞、公孫戎奴各三從大將軍獲王，封朔為陟軹侯，不虞為隨成侯，戎奴為從平侯。將軍李沮、李息及校尉豆如意、中郎將綰皆有功，賜爵關內侯。沮、息、如意食邑各三百戶。」其秋，匈奴入代，殺都尉。 |
| | In spring of Yuanshuo fifth year, the emperor ordered Qing to lead thirty thousand cavalrymen out through Gaoque. Weiwei Su Jian was appointed Youji Jiangjun (Roving General), Zonian Shi Li Ju was made Qiangnu Jiangjun (Strong Crossbow General), Taizhong Dafu Gong Sun He became Qi Jiangjun (Cavalrygeneral), Dai Xiang Li Cai served as Qingche Jiangjun (Lightchariotgeneral); all were subordinate to Cheqijiangjun and departed together from Shuofang. Dawei Li Xi and Antou Hou Zhang Cigong were appointed as generals, departing jointly from Youbeiping. The Xiongnu Right Chanyu Wang was facing Qing's forces, believing that the Han army could not reach this far. He drank heavily and became drunk; at night, the Han troops arrived and surrounded the Right Chanyu Wang. The Right Chanyu was startled, fled at night, and with only one of his beloved concubines and several hundred horsemen broke through the encirclement and escaped northward. Han cavalry jiao wei Guo Cheng and others pursued for hundreds of miles but failed to catch him. They captured more than ten Xiongnu deputy kings, over 15,000 men and women, and several dozen million livestock; at this point they withdrew their troops and returned. Upon reaching the frontier, the Son of Heaven sent an envoy carrying the seal of Da Jiangjun (Grand General) to bestow it upon Qing in the camp. All the other generals submitted their troops to him; he was formally commissioned and returned with his title established. The emperor said: "Grand General Qing personally led the troops, achieved a great victory, captured more than ten Xiongu kings, and was further granted an additional fief of 8,700 households." His sons Kang, Buyi, and Deng were also enfeoffed: Kang as Yichun Hou, Buyi as Yin'an Hou, and Deng as Fagan Hou. Qing firmly declined, saying: "I was fortunate to serve in the field and relied on Your Majesty's divine power for our great victory; it is all due to the efforts of my subordinates. Your Majesty has already granted me additional fiefs. My sons are still in swaddling clothes, having contributed nothing; it is not my intention as a soldier to encourage troops through merit if they receive titles without effort." "How could Kang and the other two dare accept these titles!" The emperor said: "I have not forgotten the merits of your subordinates; I will certainly reward them soon." He then issued an order to the imperial historian: "Hujun Duyi Gongsun Ao has followed the Grand General on three campaigns against the Xiongnu and often protected the troops in capturing kings; enfeoff Ao as Heqi Hou. Duyi Han Yue followed the main army out from Tianhun, reaching the court of the Xiongnu Right Chanyu, and personally engaged in battle to capture a king; enfeoff Yue as Longbiao Hou. Qi Jiangjun He followed the Grand General and captured a Xiongnu king; enfeoff He as Nanjiao Hou. Qingche Jiangjun Li Cai followed the Grand General twice and captured a king; enfeoff Cai as Le'an Hou. Jiao Wei Li Shuo, Zhao Buyu, and Gongsun Rongnu each followed the Grand General three times and captured a Xion-gnu king; enfeoff Shuo as Zhizhi Hou, Buyu as Suicheng Hou, and Rongnu as Congping Hou. General Li Ju, Li Xi, and jiao wei Dou Ru yi, Zhonglang Jiang Wan all had merits; they were granted the title of Guanneihou. Ju, Xi, and Dou Ruyi each received fiefs of 300 households." That autumn, the Xiongnu attacked Dai Jun and killed its Duyi.
|
| | 衛青霍去... : |
明年春，大將軍青出定襄，合騎侯敖為中將軍，太僕賀為左將軍，翕侯趙信為前將軍，衛尉蘇建為右將軍，郎中令李廣為後將軍，左內史李沮為彊弩將軍，咸屬大將軍，斬首數千級而還。月餘，悉復出定襄，斬首虜萬餘人。蘇建、趙信并軍三千餘騎，獨逢單于兵，與戰一日餘，漢兵且盡。信故胡人，降為翕侯，見急，匈奴誘之，遂將其餘騎可八百奔降單于。蘇建盡亡其軍，獨以身得亡去，自歸青。青問其罪正閎、長史安、議郎周霸等：「建當云何？」霸曰：「自大將軍出，未嘗斬裨將，今建棄軍，可斬，以明將軍之威。」閎、安曰：「不然。兵法『小敵之堅，大敵之禽也。』今建以數千當單于數萬，力戰一日餘，士皆不敢有二心。自歸而斬之，是示後無反意也。不當斬。」青曰：「青幸得以胏附待罪行間，不患無威，而霸說我以明威，甚失臣意。且使臣職雖當斬將，以臣之尊寵而不敢自擅專誅於境外，其歸天子，天子自裁之，於以風為人臣不敢專權，不亦可乎？」軍吏皆曰「善」。遂囚建行在所。 |
| | The following spring, Grand General Qing departed from Dingxiang. Heqi Hou Ao served as Zhong Jiangjun (Central General), Taizhong Gao became Zu Jiangjun (Left General), Xi Hou Zhao Xin was Qian Jiangjun (Front General), Weiwei Su Jian served as You Jiangjun (Right General), Langzhong Ling Li Guang was Hou Jiangjun (Rear General), and Zonian Shi Li Ju acted as Qiangnu Jiangjun. All were subordinate to the Grand General, and they returned after beheading several thousand enemy soldiers. More than a month later, they all departed again from Dingxiang and beheaded over ten thousand enemies. Su Jian and Zhao Xin, with a combined force of more than 3,000 cavalrymen, encountered the Chanyu's troops alone. They fought for over a day until their Han forces were nearly exhausted. Zhao Xin, originally a Xiongnu who had surrendered and was enfeoffed as Xi Hou, seeing the dire situation, was lured by the Xiongnu and led his remaining 800 or so cavalrymen to defect to the Chanyu. Su Jian lost all of his troops, escaping alone and returning to Qing. Qing asked the officials Zheng Hong, Changshi An, Yilang Zhou Ba, and others: "What should be done with Su Jian?" Zhou Ba said: "Since the Grand General departed, he has never executed a deputy general. Now Su Jian abandoned his troops; he should be executed to demonstrate the general's authority." Zheng Hong and An said: "Not so. The military code says, 'A small force that holds fast will be captured by a larger enemy.' Now Su Jian held out with several thousand men against the Chanyu's tens of thousands, fighting for over a day; his soldiers did not dare to have any second thoughts. If we execute him now after he returns on his own, it will show future subordinates that there is no hope of redemption. He should not be executed." Qing said: "I am fortunate to serve as a general in the field, and I do not fear lacking authority. Yet Zhou Ba advised me to demonstrate my power through execution; this greatly misses the mark of what a subject should be." Moreover, even if my duty requires me to execute a general, given my rank and favor, I would not dare act unilaterally or carry out punishment beyond the borders. He should be returned to the Son of Heaven for His Majesty to decide. In doing so, it sets an example that as a subject one must not take authority upon oneself; is this not acceptable?" The military officials all said, "Well spoken." They then imprisoned Su Jian at the headquarters.
|
| | 衛青霍去... : |
是歲也，霍去病始侯。 |
| | In this year, Huo Qubing was first enfeoffed as marquis.
|
| | 衛青霍去... : |
霍去病，大將軍青姊少兒子也。其父霍仲孺先與少兒通，生去病。及衛皇后尊，少兒更為詹事陳掌妻。去病以皇后姊子，年十八為侍中。善騎射，再從大將軍。大將軍受詔，予壯士，為票姚校尉，與輕勇騎八百直棄大將軍數百里赴利，斬捕首虜過當。於是上曰：「票姚校尉去病斬首捕虜二千二十八級，得相國、當戶，斬單于大父行藉若侯產，捕季父羅姑比，再冠軍，以二千五百戶封去病為冠軍侯。上谷太守郝賢四從大將軍，捕首虜千三百級，封賢為終利侯。騎士孟已有功，賜爵關內侯，邑二百戶。」 |
| | Huo Qubing was the younger son of Qing's sister Shaoer. His father, Huo Zhongru, had previously been involved with Shaoer and gave birth to Qubing. After Empress Wei was honored, Shaoer became the wife of Chen Zhang, an official in charge of palace affairs (Zhan Shi). Qubing, as the nephew of the empress through his aunt, was appointed Shizhong at age eighteen. He was skilled in horseback riding and archery, and twice followed the Grand General on campaigns. The Grand General received an imperial order and assigned him a group of strong warriors. Qubing served as Piaoyao Jiao Wei, leading 800 light and brave cavalrymen to charge hundreds of miles ahead of the main force in pursuit of victory, killing and capturing more enemies than his own troops numbered. The emperor then said: "Jiao Wei Piaoyao Qubing beheaded and captured 2,228 enemies, captured the Xiongnu Prime Minister and Danghu, killed Chanyu's grandfather Xingjie Ruohou Chan, and captured his uncle Luogubi. Having twice led the victorious army, I now enfeoff Qubing as Guanjun Hou with a fief of 2,500 households." Shanggu Tai Shou Hao Xian followed the Grand General four times, capturing 1,300 enemies; he was enfeoffed as Zhongli Hou. Cavalry soldier Meng Yi had merits and was granted the title of Guanneihu, with a fief of two hundred households."
|
| | 衛青霍去... : |
是歲失兩將軍，亡翕侯，功不多，故青不益封。蘇建至，上弗誅，贖為庶人。青賜千金。是時王夫人方幸於上，甯乘說青曰：「將軍所以功未甚多，身食萬戶，三子皆為侯者，以皇后故也。今王夫人幸而宗族未富貴，願將軍奉所賜千金為王夫人親壽。」青以五百金為王夫人親壽。上聞，問青，青以實對。上乃拜甯乘為東海都尉。 |
| | In this year, two generals were lost and Xi Hou defected; since the achievements were not great, Qing did not receive additional fiefs. When Su Jian arrived, the emperor did not execute him but instead allowed him to redeem himself by becoming a commoner. Qing was bestowed with one thousand gold pieces. At that time, Lady Wang was favored by the emperor. Ning Cheng advised Qing: "The reason why General's achievements are not particularly numerous yet you personally hold a fief of ten thousand households and your three sons have all been enfeoffed as marquises is because of Empress Wei." "Now Lady Wang is favored, yet her clan has not yet achieved wealth or rank. I hope General will use the thousand gold pieces bestowed upon you to present a gift for Lady Wang's family as a sign of longevity and respect." Qing used five hundred gold pieces to offer a gift in honor of Lady Wang's relatives. The emperor heard about this and asked Qing, who answered truthfully. The emperor then appointed Ning Cheng as the Du Wei of Donghai.
|
| | 衛青霍去... : |
校尉張騫從大將軍，以嘗使大夏，留匈奴中久，道軍，知善水草處，軍得以無飢渴，因前使絕國功，封騫為博望侯。 |
| | Jiao Wei Zhang Qian followed the Grand General. Having once been an envoy to Dayu, he had remained in the Xiongnu for a long time and was familiar with the route of the army, knowing where good water and grass were located; thus, the troops did not suffer from hunger or thirst. Because of his previous mission that connected distant states, Qian was enfeoffed as Bohuang Hou.
|
| | 衛青霍去... : |
去病侯三歲，元狩三年春為票騎將軍，將萬騎出隴西，有功。上曰：「票騎將軍率戎士隃烏盭，討遫濮，涉狐奴，歷五王國，輜重人眾攝讋者弗取，幾獲單于子。轉戰六日，過焉支山千有餘里，合短兵，鏖皋蘭下，殺折蘭王，斬盧侯王，銳悍者誅，全甲獲醜，執渾邪王子及相國、都尉，捷首虜八千九百六十級，收休屠祭天金人，師率減什七，益封去病二千二百戶。」 |
| | After being enfeoffed for three years, in spring of Yuanshou 3rd year Qubing became the General Piaoji and led ten thousand cavalrymen out from Longxi, achieving notable success. The emperor said: "General Piaoji led the troops across Wuli, pacified Shupu, crossed Hunu, passed through five Xiongnu kingdoms. He did not pursue or capture those who were frightened and abandoned their supplies and people, nearly capturing Chanyu's son." "For six days of continuous battle, he advanced more than a thousand li beyond Yanzhi Mountain. Engaging in close combat at Gaolan, he killed Zelan Wang and Luhou Wang; the most fierce warriors were eliminated, full armor was captured along with their enemies, and he seized Hunshe's prince as well as the Xiongnu Prime Minister, Du Wei. He beheaded 8,960 enemies. He also captured the golden man used by Qiutu for sacrifices to heaven. Although his forces suffered a loss of about seventy percent, Qubing was granted an additional fief of 2,200 households."
|
| | 衛青霍去... : |
其夏，去病與合騎侯敖俱出北地，異道。博望侯張騫、郎中令李廣俱出右北平，異道。廣將四千騎先至，騫將萬騎後。匈奴左賢王將數萬騎圍廣，廣與戰二日，死者過半，所殺亦過當。騫至，匈奴引兵去。騫坐行留，當斬，贖為庶人。而去病出北地，遂深入，合騎侯失道，不相得。去病至祁連山，捕首虜甚多。上曰：「票騎將軍涉鈞耆，濟居延，遂臻小月氏，攻祁連山，揚武乎鱳得，得單于單桓、酋涂王，及相國、都尉以眾降下者二千五百人，可謂能舍服知成而止矣。捷首虜三萬二百，獲五王，王母、單于閼氏、王子五十九人，相國、將軍、當戶、都尉六十三人，師大率減什三，益封去病五千四百戶。賜校尉從至小月氏者爵左庶長。鷹擊司馬破奴再從票騎將軍斬遫濮王，捕稽且王，右千騎將王、王母各一人，王子以下四十一人，捕虜三千三百三十人，前行捕虜千四百人，封破奴為從票侯。校尉高不識從票騎將軍捕呼于耆王王子以下十一人，捕虜千七百六十八人，封不識為宜冠侯。校尉僕多有功，封為煇渠侯。」合騎侯敖坐留不與票騎將軍會，當斬，贖為庶人。諸宿將所將士馬兵亦不如去病，去病所將常選，然亦敢深入，常與壯騎先其大軍，軍亦有天幸，未嘗困絕也。然而諸宿將常留落不耦。由此去病日以親貴，比大將軍。 |
| | That summer, Qubing and Heqi Hou Ao both departed from Beidi but took different routes. Bohuang Hou Zhang Qian, Langzhongling Li Guang, and others both departed from Youbeiping but took different routes. Li Guang led four thousand cavalrymen and arrived first; Zhang Qian led ten thousand cavalrymen later. The Xiongnu Zuxian Wang led tens of thousands of cavalry to surround Guang, who fought for two days. More than half of his men were killed, but he also inflicted casualties exceeding the number of his own losses. When Qian arrived, the Xiongnu withdrew their troops. Qian was found guilty of delay and should have been executed; he redeemed himself by becoming a commoner instead. Meanwhile, Qubing departed from Beidi and advanced deep into enemy territory, but Heqi Hou lost his way and the two forces did not meet. Qubing reached Qilian Mountain and captured a large number of enemies. The emperor said: "General Piaoji crossed Junqi, passed Juyan, and reached the Xiao Yuezhi. He attacked Qilian Mountain, displayed military might at Dade, captured Chanyu Danhuan, Qiutu Wang, as well as the Prime Minister and Du Wei, with 2,500 others surrendering in total. This can truly be called an ability to achieve victory through wisdom and know when to stop." "He beheaded 30,200 enemies and captured five kings, a queen mother, Chanyu Yezhi, and fifty-nine princes; he also captured sixty-three Prime Ministers, generals, Danghu, and Du Wei. Although the army suffered losses of about thirty percent, Qubing was further granted an additional fief of 5,400 households." Those Jiao Wei who followed him to Xiao Yuezhi were bestowed the title Zushangchang. Yingji Sima Po Nu, having followed General Piaoji twice, killed Shupu Wang and captured Jiqu Wang, one Right Qianqi Jiang Wang, a queen mother each, forty-one princes below the rank of prince, captured 3,330 enemies in total, including 1,400 ahead of the main force. Po Nu was enfeoffed as Congpiao Hou. Jiao Wei Gao Bushi, following General Piaoji, captured eleven people including the son of Huyuqi Wang and below, as well as 1,768 enemies; he was enfeoffed with the title Yiguan Hou. Jiao Wei Pu Duo had merits and was enfeoffed as Huiqu Hou." Heqi Hou Ao was found guilty of delaying and failing to meet with General Piaoji; he should have been executed but instead redeemed himself by becoming a commoner. The veteran generals' troops and horses were not as good as those under Qubing's command. The forces that Qubing led were always carefully selected, yet he was also brave enough to advance deep into enemy territory. He often led the strong cavalry ahead of his main force, and by fortune, his army never faced total defeat or desperation. However, these veteran generals were often left behind and failed to coordinate effectively. From this point on, Qubing gradually became as favored and esteemed as the Grand General himself.
|
| | 衛青霍去... : |
其後，單于怒渾邪王居西方數為漢所破，亡數萬人，以票騎之兵也，欲召誅渾邪王。渾邪王與休屠王等謀欲降漢，使人先要道邊。是時大行李息將城河上，得渾邪王使，即馳傳以聞。上恐其以詐降而襲邊，乃令去病將兵往迎之。去病既度河，與渾邪眾相望。渾邪裨王將見漢軍而多欲不降者，頗遁去。去病乃馳入，得與渾邪王相見，斬其欲亡者八千人，遂獨遣渾邪王乘傳先詣行在所，盡將其眾度河，降者數萬人，號稱十萬。既至長安，天子所以賞賜數十鉅萬。封渾邪王萬戶，為漯陰侯。封其裨王呼毒尼為下摩侯，雁疪為煇渠侯，禽黎為河綦侯，大當戶調雖為常樂侯。於是上嘉去病之功，曰：「票騎將軍去病率師征匈奴，西域王渾邪王及厥眾萌咸奔於率，以軍糧接食，并將控弦萬有餘人，誅獟悍，捷首虜八千餘級，降異國之王三十二。戰士不離傷，十萬之眾畢懷集服。仍興之勞，爰及河塞，庶幾亡患。以千七百戶益封票騎將軍。減隴西、北地、上郡戍卒之半，以寬天下繇役。」乃分處降者於邊五郡故塞外，而皆在河南，因其故俗為屬國。其明年，匈奴入右北平、定襄，殺略漢千餘人。 |
| | Later, Chanyu was furious that Hunxie Wang in the western region had been repeatedly defeated by Han forces, losing tens of thousands. Since it was General Piaoji's troops who had caused this, he wanted to summon and execute Hunxie Wang. Hunxie Wang conspired with Qiutu Wang and others to surrender to the Han, sending envoys ahead to secure the route along the way. At that time, Da Xing Li Xi was commanding troops by the Yellow River and captured an envoy sent by Hunxie Wang; he immediately dispatched a fast messenger to report this. The emperor feared that they might use the surrender as a ruse and attack the border, so he ordered Qubing to lead troops to meet them. After crossing the river, Qubing saw the Hunxie forces from a distance. Some of the subordinate kings and generals under Hunxie saw the Han army and many refused to surrender, some fleeing away. Qubing then rode into the midst of them, met with Hunxie Wang personally, and beheaded 8,000 who wanted to escape. He then sent Hunxie Wang ahead by imperial carriage to where the emperor was stationed, while leading all his remaining forces across the river; tens of thousands surrendered, claiming their number reached one hundred thousand. After arriving in Chang'an, the emperor bestowed rewards and gifts worth dozens of millions. Hunxie Wang was enfeoffed with a fief of ten thousand households as Laying Hou. His subordinate kings Huduni was enfeoffed as Xiamo Hou, Yanpi as Huiqu Hou, Qinli as Heqi Hou, and the Danghu Diaosui as Changle Hou. The emperor praised Qubing's achievements, saying: "General Piaoji Qubing led his troops to campaign against the Xiongnu. The western region king Hunxie Wang and all his followers surrendered voluntarily. With military provisions provided for their sustenance, he brought under control more than ten thousand archers. He eliminated fierce warriors, beheaded over 8,000 enemies, and caused thirty-two foreign kings to surrender." The soldiers did not suffer serious injuries; all ten thousand of them were united in submission. By continuing to strengthen the military and fortifying the riverfronts, it is hoped that future troubles might be avoided. The emperor further enfeoffed General Piaoji with an additional fief of one thousand seven hundred households. He reduced the number of garrison troops in Longxi, Beidi, and Shangjun by half to ease the burden on the people's labor duties." The surrendered Xiongnu were then settled in five border commanderies outside their former frontier fortresses, all located south of the Yellow River. They were organized into dependent states according to their traditional customs. The following year, the Xiongnu invaded Youbeiping and Dingxiang, killing or capturing over a thousand Han people.
|
| | 衛青霍去... : |
其明年，上與諸將議曰：「翕侯趙信為單于畫計，常以為漢兵不能度幕輕留，今大發卒，其勢必得所欲。」是歲元狩四年也。春，上令大將軍青、票騎將軍去病各五萬騎，步兵轉者踵軍數十萬，而敢力戰深入之士皆屬去病。去病始為出定襄，當單于。捕虜，虜言單于東，乃更令去病出代郡，令青出定襄。郎中令李廣為前將軍，太僕公孫賀為左將軍，主爵趙食其為右將軍，平陽侯襄為後將軍，皆屬大將軍。趙信為單于謀曰：「漢兵即度幕，人馬罷，匈奴可坐收虜耳。」乃悉遠北其輜重，皆以精兵待幕北。而適直青軍出塞千餘里，見單于兵陳而待，於是青令武剛車自環為營，而縱五千騎往當匈奴，匈奴亦從萬騎。會日且入，而大風起，沙礫擊面，兩軍不相見，漢益縱左右翼繞單于。單于視漢兵多，而士馬尚彊，戰而匈奴不利，薄莫，單于遂乘六臝，壯騎可數百，直冒漢圍西北馳去。昏，漢匈奴相紛挐，殺傷大當。漢軍左校捕虜，言單于未昏而去，漢軍因發輕騎夜追之，青因隨其後。匈奴兵亦散走。會明，行二百餘里，不得單于，頗捕斬首虜萬餘級，遂至窴顏山趙信城，得匈奴積粟食軍。軍留一日而還，悉燒其城餘粟以歸。 |
| | The next year, the emperor discussed with his generals: "Xi Hou Zhao Xin advised Chanyu that Han troops could not easily cross the desert and remain for long. Now we have mobilized a large force; this must be what he wants." This was Yuanshou 4th year. In spring, the emperor ordered Grand General Qing and General Piaoji Qubing each to lead 50,000 cavalrymen, with dozens of thousands more infantry providing logistical support. All the brave warriors willing to fight fiercely and advance deep into enemy territory were assigned to Qubing's command. Qubing first departed from Dingxiang, heading directly toward Chanyu. After capturing some prisoners, the captives reported that Chanyu was to the east; thus, Qubing was ordered to depart from Daijun while Qing departed from Dingxiang. Langzhongling Li Guang was the Vanguard General, Taifu Gongsun He the Left General, Zhujue Zhao Shiqi the Right General, and Pingyang Hou Xiang the Rear General; all were under the command of the Grand General. Zhao Xin advised Chanyu: "Once Han troops cross the desert, their men and horses will be exhausted; we can simply sit back and capture them." Therefore, he moved all supplies far to the north and stationed his elite troops in anticipation of the Han forces arriving from the northern side of the desert. At that moment, Qing's army had just advanced more than a thousand li across the frontier and encountered Chanyu's forces arrayed in formation to await them. Qing then ordered his Wugang chariots to form a circular defensive camp while sending 5,000 cavalry forward to confront the Xiongnu, who also deployed 10,000 riders in response. As the sun was about to set and a strong wind arose, sand and gravel struck their faces, making it impossible for the two armies to see each other. The Han forces then deployed their left and right wings further forward to encircle Chanyu. Seeing the large number of Han troops and still having strong soldiers and horses, Chanyu engaged in battle but found it disadvantageous. As dusk approached, he rode away on six bare steeds with about several hundred brave cavalrymen, breaking through the Han encirclement to the northwest. In the darkness, the Han and Xiongnu forces clashed in confusion, inflicting heavy casualties on each other. A Han military unit captured some Xiongnu soldiers, who reported that Chanyu had fled before dusk. Hearing this, the Han forces sent light cavalry to pursue him at night, with Qing following behind them. The Xiongnu troops also scattered and ran away. By dawn, after marching more than two hundred li, they failed to catch Chanyu but captured and beheaded over ten thousand enemies. They then reached Zhaixin Cheng on Tianyan Mountain, where they found stored Xiongnu grain supplies for the army. The troops stayed one day and then returned, burning all remaining grain in the city before heading back.
|
| | 衛青霍去... : |
青之與單于會也，而前將軍廣、右將軍食其軍別從東道，或失道。大將軍引還，過幕南，乃相逢。青欲使使歸報，令長史簿責廣，廣自殺。食其贖為庶人。青軍入塞，凡斬首虜萬九千級。 |
| | When Qing confronted Chanyu, Vanguard General Li Guang and Right General Shiqi's forces had taken a separate eastern route, some of which became lost. The Grand General returned and passed through the southern side of the desert when they finally met up. Qing wanted to send a messenger back with a report, so he ordered his chief clerk to formally reprimand Li Guang, who committed suicide. Shiqi redeemed himself and became a commoner. Qing's forces entered the frontier, having beheaded or captured 19,000 enemies in total.
|
| | 衛青霍去... : |
是時匈奴眾失單于十餘日，右谷蠡王自立為單于。單于後得其眾，右王乃去單于之號。 |
| | At that time, the Xiongnu had been without Chanyu for more than ten days, so Yougulu Wang declared himself as the new Chanyu. Later, when the original Chanyu reunited with his forces, Youwang abandoned the title of Chanyu.
|
| | 衛青霍去... : |
去病騎兵車重與大將軍軍等，而亡裨將。悉以李敢等為大校，當裨將，出代、右北平二千餘里，直左方兵，所斬捕功已多於青。 |
| | Qubing's cavalry and supply caravans were equal in strength to those of the Grand General, yet he had no subordinate generals. He appointed Li Gan and others as senior officers, serving in the roles of subordinate generals. They advanced more than two thousand li from Dai and Youbeiping to confront the left-wing Xiongnu forces, achieving greater success in killing and capturing enemies than Qing did.
|
| | 衛青霍去... : |
既皆還，上曰：「票騎將軍去病率師躬將所獲葷允之士，約輕齎，絕大幕，涉獲單于章渠，以誅北車耆，轉擊左大將雙，獲旗鼓，歷度難侯，濟弓盧，獲屯頭王、韓王等三人，將軍、相國、當戶、都尉八十三人，封狼居胥山，禪於姑衍，登臨翰海，執訊獲醜七萬有四百四十三級，師率減什二，取食於敵，卓行殊遠而糧不絕。以五千八百戶益封票騎將軍。右北平太守路博德屬票騎將軍，會興城，不失期，從至檮余山，斬首捕虜二千八百級，封博德為邳離侯。北地都尉衛山從票騎將軍獲王，封山為義陽侯。故歸義侯因淳王復陸支、樓剸王伊即靬皆從票騎將軍有功，封復陸支為杜侯，伊即靬為眾利侯。從票侯破奴、昌武侯安稽從票騎有功，益封各三百戶。漁陽太守解、校尉敢皆獲鼓旗，賜爵關內侯，解食邑三百戶，敢二百戶。校尉自為爵左庶長。」軍吏卒為官，賞賜甚多。而青不得益封，吏卒無封者。唯西河太守常惠、雲中太守遂成受賞，遂成秩諸侯相，賜食邑二百戶，黃金百斤，惠爵關內侯。 |
| | After they all returned, the emperor said: "General Piaoji Qubing personally led his troops and the surrendered Xiongnu warriors. With minimal supplies, he crossed the vast desert, captured Chanyu Zhangqu, killed Beiche Qi, and struck left general Shuang, seizing their banners and drums. He passed through Nadun Hou, crossed Gonglu, captured Tun Tou Wang, Han Wang, and three others; he also captured 83 generals, Prime Ministers, Danghu, Du Wei. On Mount Wolfu Juxu, he performed a sacrifice to heaven (feng) and to the earth (chan) at Guyan. He ascended Hanghai, captured prisoners and defeated enemies numbering 70,443 in total. Although his forces suffered losses of about twenty percent, they sustained themselves by taking supplies from the enemy, achieving an extraordinary feat by traveling far beyond normal reach without running out of provisions." The emperor further enfeoffed Piaoji General with an additional fief of five thousand eight hundred households. Tai Shou of Youbeiping Lu Bode was under the command of General Piaoji. Meeting at Xingcheng on schedule, he followed to Tao Yu Mountain and beheaded or captured 2,800 enemies; Lu Bode was enfeoffed as Pilv Hou. Du Wei of Beidi Wei Shan, following General Piaoji in capturing a Xiongnu king, was enfeoffed as Yiyang Hou. Former Guiyi Hou Yin Chun Wang Fulu Zhi, Louzhuan Wang Yijie Jian, and others who followed General Piaoji achieved merits; Fulu Zhi was enfeoffed as Du Hou, and Yijie Jian as Zhongli Hou. Congpiao Hou Po Nu and Changwu Hou An Ji, who had achieved merits following General Piaoji, were each granted an additional fief of three hundred households. Tai Shou of Yuyang Jie and Jiao Wei Gan both captured enemy drums and banners, were granted the title Guanneihu; Jie received a fief of three hundred households, and Gan two hundred. Jiao Wei Zi was bestowed the rank of Zushangchang." Many officers and soldiers were appointed to official posts, receiving numerous rewards and honors. However, Qing did not receive any additional fiefs, nor did his subordinates or soldiers receive enfeoffments. Only Tai Shou of Xihe Chang Hui and Tai Shou of Yunzhong Sui Cheng received rewards. Sui Cheng was granted the rank equivalent to a marquis's prime minister, given a fief of two hundred households and one hundred catties of gold; Hui was bestowed with the title Guanneihu.
|
| | 衛青霍去... : |
兩軍之出塞，塞閱官及私馬凡十四萬匹，而後入塞者不滿三萬匹。乃置大司馬位，大將軍、票騎將軍皆為大司馬。定令，令票騎將軍秩祿與大將軍等。自是後，青日衰而去病日益貴。青故人門下多去事去病，輒得官爵，唯獨任安不肯去。 |
| | When both armies crossed the frontier, there were a total of 140,000 official and private horses; however, fewer than thirty thousand returned to the frontier. The position of Dashima was then established, with both the Grand General and General Piaoji appointed as Dashima. An official decree was issued, setting Qubing's rank and salary equal to that of the Grand General. From then on, Qing gradually declined in influence while Qubing grew increasingly favored and powerful. Many of Qing's former friends and subordinates left to serve under Qubing, quickly obtaining official positions and titles. Only Ren An refused to leave.
|
| | 衛青霍去... : |
去病為人少言不泄，有氣敢往。上嘗欲教之吳孫兵法，對曰：「顧方略何如耳，不至學古兵法。」上為治第，令視之，對曰：「匈奴不滅，無以家為也。」由此上益重愛之。然少而侍中，貴不省士。其從軍，上為遣太官齎數十乘，既還，重車餘棄粱肉，而士有飢者。其在塞外，卒乏糧，或不能自振，而去病尚穿域鸲鞠也。事多此類。青仁，喜士退讓，以和柔自媚於上，然於天下未有稱也。 |
| | Qubing was a man of few words who kept his thoughts private, yet he possessed boldness and courage in action. The emperor once wanted to teach him the military strategies of Wu Sun, but Qubing replied: "It is only a matter of how effective one's strategy and tactics are; there is no need to study ancient military methods." The emperor had a residence built for him, and ordered him to inspect it. He replied: "Unless the Xiongnu are destroyed, there is no point in having a home." Because of this, the emperor valued and loved him even more. However, having been a Zhongshi since his youth, he was wealthy yet did not concern himself with scholars or officials. When he joined the military campaign, the emperor sent the imperial chef to supply dozens of carts. After returning, many heavily loaded wagons were left with leftover grain and meat discarded, while some soldiers suffered from hunger. While he was outside the frontier, his troops ran short of supplies and some could barely sustain themselves, yet Qubing still indulged in playing cuju (ancient Chinese football) on a specially constructed field. There were many incidents like this. Qing was kind, fond of scholars and modest in demeanor, using gentleness to please the emperor; however, he did not earn widespread acclaim among the people.
|
| | 衛青霍去... : |
去病自四年軍後三歲，元狩六年薨。上悼之，發屬國玄甲，軍陳自長安至茂陵，為冢象祁連山。諡之并武與廣地曰景桓侯。子嬗嗣。嬗字子侯，上愛之，幸其壯而將之。為奉車都尉，從封泰山而薨。無子，國除。 |
| | Three years after his military campaign of the fourth year, Qubing died in Yuanshou sixth year (June 15, 123 BC). The emperor mourned him deeply and ordered the armored troops from his vassal states to form a military procession stretching from Chang'an to Maoling, building a tomb shaped like Qilian Mountain. He was posthumously honored with the title Jinghuan Hou, combining martial valor and the expansion of territory. His son Shanshan succeeded him. lname Shanshan, courtesy name Zihou, was favored by the emperor, who admired his strength and appointed him as a general. He served as Fengche Duyi and died while accompanying the emperor on an imperial sacrifice at Mount Tai. Having no sons, his fief was abolished.
|
| | 衛青霍去... : |
自去病死後，青長子宜春侯伉坐法失侯。後五歲，伉弟二人，陰安侯不疑、發干侯登，皆坐酎伉失侯。後二歲，冠軍侯國絕。後四年，元封五年，青薨，諡曰烈侯。子伉嗣，六年坐法免。 |
| | After Qubing's death, Qing's eldest son Yichun Hou Kang lost his title for breaking the law. Five years later, two of Kang's younger brothers, Yinan Hou Buyi and Fagang Hou Deng, both lost their titles for the same offense as Kang. Two years after that, the fief of Guanjun Hou was extinguished. Four years later, in Yuangfeng fifth year (July 16, 114 BC), Qing died and was posthumously honored as Lie Hou. His son Kang succeeded him but was stripped of his title six years later for breaking the law.
|
| | 衛青霍去... : |
自青圍單于後十四歲而卒，竟不復擊匈奴者，以漢馬少，又方南誅兩越，東伐朝鮮，擊羌、西南夷，以故久不伐胡。 |
| | Fourteen years after Qing surrounded the Chanyu, he died. After that, there was no further campaign against the Xiongnu for a long time because Han horses were scarce and the empire was simultaneously engaged in campaigns to subdue the two Yue states in the south,伐伐 Joseon in the east, as well as the Qiang people and the southwestern tribes; thus, it had been a long while before launching another campaign against the Hu.
|
| | 衛青霍去... : |
初，青既尊貴，而平陽侯曹壽有惡疾就國，長公主問：「列侯誰賢者？」左右皆言大將軍。主笑曰：「此出吾家，常騎從我，柰何？」左右曰：「於今尊貴無比。」於是長公主風白皇后，皇后言之，上乃詔青尚平陽主，與主合葬，起冢象廬山云。 |
| | Initially, after Qing became honored and powerful, Pingyang Hou Cao Shou returned to his fief with a serious illness. The Crown Princess asked: "Among the marquises, who is virtuous?" Those around her all said the Grand General (Qing). The princess smiled and said: "He comes from my family, often riding with me. How can he be considered?" Those around her replied: "Nowadays, his honor and status are unparalleled." Thus, the Crown Princess discreetly informed the Empress, who then mentioned it to the emperor. The emperor then issued an edict for Qing to marry Pingyang's princess, and they were buried together, with a tomb built in the shape of Lushan Mountain.
|
| | 衛青霍去... : |
最大將軍青凡七出擊匈奴，斬捕首虜五萬餘級。一與單于戰，收河南地，置朔方郡。再益封，凡萬六千三百戶；封三子為侯，侯千三百戶，并之二萬二百戶。其裨將及校尉侯者九人，為特將者十五人，李廣、張騫、公孫賀、李蔡、曹襄、韓說、蘇建皆自有傳。 |
| | The Grand General Qing led seven campaigns against the Xiongnu, killing and capturing more than 50,000 enemy soldiers. In one campaign, he fought a battle with the Chanyu (Xiongnu leader), captured the southern bank of the Yellow River region, and established Shuofang Commandery. He was twice granted additional fiefs, totaling 16,300 households; three of his sons were enfeoffed as marquises, each with a fief of 1,300 households. Combined, the total was 20,200 households. Nine of his subordinate generals and commanders were enfeoffed as marquis, fifteen became special generals. Li Guang, Zhang Qian, Gongsun He, Li Cai, Cao Xiang, Han Yue, and Su Jian all have their own biographies.
|
| | 衛青霍去... : |
李息，郁郅人也，事景帝。至武帝立八歲，為材官將軍，軍馬邑；後六歲，為將軍，出代；後三歲，為將軍，從大將軍出朔方：皆無功。凡三為將軍，其後常為大行。 |
| | Li Xi was a native of Yuzhi and served under Emperor Jing. Eight years after the reign of Emperor Wu began, he became Cai Guan General and stationed his army at Mayi; Six years later, he was appointed as a general and led troops from Dai Commandery; Three years after that, he served again as a general, accompanying the Grand General on an expedition from Shuofang: in all these campaigns, he achieved no notable success. In total, he served three times as a general; afterward, he frequently held the position of Daxing (Minister of Ceremonies).
|
| | 衛青霍去... : |
公孫敖，義渠人，以郎事景帝。至武帝立十二歲，為騎將軍，出代，亡卒七千人，當斬，贖為庶人。後五歲，以校尉從大將軍，封合騎侯。後一歲，以中將軍從大將軍再出定襄，無功。後二歲，以將軍出北地，後票騎，失期當斬，贖為庶人。後二歲，以校尉從大將軍，無功。後十四歲，以因杆將軍築受降城。七歲，復以因杅將軍再出擊匈奴，至余吾，亡士多，下吏，當斬，詐死，亡居民間五六歲。後覺，復繫。坐妻為巫蠱，族。凡四為將軍。 |
| | Gongsun Ao was a native of Yiqu and served as an imperial attendant under Emperor Jing. Twelve years after the reign of Emperor Wu, he was appointed Qijiang General and led troops from Dai. He lost 7,000 soldiers and should have been executed but instead paid a ransom to be reduced to commoner status. Five years later, as an officer he followed the Grand General and was enfeoffed as Heqi Hou. One year later, serving as Zhongjiang General, he followed the Grand General on a second campaign from Dingxiang but achieved no success. Two years later, as a general he led troops from Beidi and arrived after General Piaoji. He was late and should have been executed, but instead paid a ransom and was reduced to commoner status. Two years later, serving as an officer under the Grand General, he again achieved no success. Fourteen years later, as Yingan General, he oversaw the construction of Shoujiang Cheng (Surrender City). Seven years later, he once again served as Yingan General and led a campaign against the Xiongnu to Yuwu. He suffered heavy losses in troops, was handed over to officials for punishment, and should have been executed. Instead, he faked his death and fled into civilian life for five or six years. Later discovered, he was once again arrested. He was executed along with his entire family for the crime of witchcraft committed by his wife. In total, he had served as a general four times.
|
| | 衛青霍去... : |
李沮，雲中人，事景帝。武帝立十七歲，以左內史為彊弩將軍。後一歲，復為彊弩將軍。 |
| | Li Ju was a native of Yunzhong and served under Emperor Jing. Seventeen years after the reign of Emperor Wu started, he became Qiangnu General while serving as Zuo Neishi (Left Minister of Interior). One year later, he again served as Qiangnu General.
|
| | 衛青霍去... : |
張次公，河東人，以校尉從大將軍，封岸頭侯。其後太后崩，為將軍，軍北軍。後一歲，復從大將軍。凡再為將軍，後坐法失侯。 |
| | Zhang Cigong was a native of Hedong and followed the Grand General as an officer, being enfeoffed as Antou Hou. After the empress dowager's death, he was appointed general and stationed at Bei Jun (Northern Army). One year later, he once again followed the Grand General. In total, he twice served as a general; later, he lost his title for breaking laws.
|
| | 衛青霍去... : |
趙信，以匈奴相國降，為侯。武帝立十八年，為前將軍，與匈奴戰，敗，降匈奴。 |
| | Zhao Xin, former Xiongnu Prime Minister who surrendered to the Han, was enfeoffed as a marquis. Eighteen years after Emperor Wu's reign began, he served as Qianjiang General and fought against the Xiongnu but was defeated and surrendered to them.
|
| | 衛青霍去... : |
趙食其，祋祤人。武帝立十八年，以主爵都尉從大將軍，斬首六百六十級。元狩三年，賜爵關內侯，黃金百斤。明年，為右將軍，從大將軍出定襄，迷失道，當斬，贖為庶人。 |
| | Zhao Shiqi was a native of Duiyi. Eighteen years after the reign of Emperor Wudi began, as Zhujue Duyi he followed the Grand General, killing 660 enemy soldiers. In Yuanshou third year (April 18, 120 BC), he was bestowed the title of Guanneihu and received one hundred catties of gold. The following year, he served as Youjiang General and followed the Grand General on an expedition to Dingxiang. He became lost along the way and should have been executed; instead, he paid a ransom and was demoted to commoner status.
|
| | 衛青霍去... : |
郭昌，雲中人，以校尉從大將軍。元封四年，以太中大夫為拔胡將軍，屯朔方。還擊昆明，無功，奪印。 |
| | Guo Chang was a native of Yunzhong who served as an officer under the Grand General. In Yuangfeng fourth year (August 10, 113 BC), he was appointed Batu General as Taizhong Dafu and stationed in Shuofang. On his return, he launched an attack on Kunming but achieved no success; consequently, his seal of office was taken away.
|
| | 衛青霍去... : |
荀彘，太原廣武人，以御見，侍中，用校尉數從大將軍。元封三年，為左將軍擊朝鮮，無功，坐捕樓船將軍誅。 |
| | Xun Zhi was a native of Guangwu, Taiyuan Prefecture. He gained favor through his skills in chariot driving and became Zhongshi (Attendant-in-Ordinary). As an officer, he frequently followed the Grand General on campaigns. In Yuangfeng third year (August 21, 114 BC), he served as Zujiang General in the campaign against Joseon but achieved no success and was executed for failing to capture Louchuan General.
|
| | 衛青霍去... : |
最票騎將軍去病凡六出擊匈奴，其四出以將軍，斬首虜十一萬餘級。渾邪王以眾降數萬，開河西酒泉之地，西方益少胡寇。四益封，凡萬七千七百戶。其校尉吏有功侯者六人，為將軍者二人。 |
| | General Piaoji Qubing led six campaigns against the Xiongnu in total, four of which he commanded as a general, killing over 110,000 enemies. The King Hunye surrendered with tens of thousands of his followers, opening up the Hexi region and the Jiuyuan area. As a result, the western frontier saw fewer Xiongnu raids. He was four times granted additional fiefs, amounting to 17,700 households in total. Six of his officers and subordinates were enfeoffed for their merits, while two became generals.
|
| | 衛青霍去... : |
路博德，西河平州人，以右北平太守從票騎將軍，封邳離侯。票騎死後，博德以衛尉為伏波將軍，伐破南越，益封。其後坐法失侯。為彊弩都尉，屯居延，卒。 |
| | Lu Bode was a native of Pingzhou, Xike Prefecture. He followed General Piaoji as Tai Shou (Governor) of Youbeiping and was enfeoffed with the title Pilv Hou. After General Piaoji's death, Bode served as Weiyi and was appointed Fubo General, leading a campaign to defeat the Nanyue Kingdom and received additional fiefs. Later, he lost his title due to breaking the law. He later served as Qiangnu Duyi (Commander of Crossbow Troops), stationed at Juyan, where he died.
|
| | 衛青霍去... : |
趙破奴，太原人。嘗亡入匈奴，已而歸漢，為票騎將軍司馬。出北地，封從票侯，坐酎金失侯。後一歲，為匈河將軍，攻胡至匈河水，無功。後一歲，擊虜樓蘭王，後為浞野侯。後六歲，以浚稽將軍將二萬騎擊匈奴左王。左王與戰，兵八萬騎圍破奴，破奴為虜所得，遂沒其軍。居匈奴中十歲，復與其太子安國亡入漢。後坐巫蠱，族。 |
| | Zhao Po'nu was a native of Taiyuan. He once fled into the Xiongnu territory but later returned to Han and served as Sima (military officer) under General Piaoji. After leading troops from Beidi, he was enfeoffed with a fief and given the title Congpiao Hou; later, however, he lost his marquisate for failing to provide proper tribute gold. One year later, as Honghe General, he attacked the Hu people up to the Honghe River but achieved no success. One year after that, he defeated the King of Loulan and was later enfeoffed as Zhuoye Hou. Six years later, as Junji General, he led 20,000 cavalry to attack the Xiongnu Left King. The Left King engaged in battle and surrounded Po'nu with 80,000 cavalry. Po'nu was captured by the Xiongnu forces and his entire army was lost. He remained in the Xiongnu for ten years, then fled back to Han with his son-in-law An Guo (the Xiongnu crown prince). Later, he was executed along with his family on charges of witchcraft.
|
| | 衛青霍去... : |
自衛氏興，大將軍青首封，其後支屬五人為侯。凡二十四歲而五侯皆奪國。征和中，戾太子敗，衛氏遂滅。而霍去病弟光貴盛，自有傳。 |
| | Since the rise of the Wei clan, Grand General Qing was first enfeoffed; afterward, five members of his branch family were made marquises. Within a span of twenty-four years, all five fiefs were revoked. During the Zhenghe period, when Crown Prince Li was defeated, the Wei clan was completely destroyed. Meanwhile, Guang, younger brother of Huo Qubing, rose to great power and has his own biography.
|
| | 衛青霍去... : |
贊曰：蘇建嘗說責「大將軍至尊重，而天下之賢士大夫無稱焉，願將軍觀古名將所招選者，勉之哉！」青謝曰：「自魏其、武安之厚賓客，天子常切齒，彼親待士大夫，招賢黜不肖者，人主之柄也。人臣奉法遵職而已，何與招士！」票騎亦方此意，為將如此。 |
| | Commentary: Su Jian once advised and urged, "The Grand General holds the highest respect, yet no virtuous scholars or officials in the empire have been recognized. I hope you will observe how ancient famous generals selected their subordinates and strive to do so as well!" Qing replied: "Since Weiqi and Wu'an treated their guests so generously, the Son of Heaven was always deeply resentful. To personally treat scholars and officials with kindness, to recruit the virtuous while dismissing the unworthy—this is a ruler's authority." "As an official, I should merely abide by laws and fulfill my duties; what have I to do with recruiting scholars!" General Piaoji also held this view. Commanders behaved in such a manner.
|
