| | 光武帝紀... : |
世祖光武皇帝諱秀，字文叔，南陽蔡陽人，高祖九世之孫也，出自景帝生長沙定王發。發生舂陵節侯買，買生鬱林太守外，外生鉅鹿都尉回，回生南頓令欽，欽生光武。光武年九歲而孤，養於叔父良。身長七尺三寸，美須眉，大口，隆準，日角。性勤於稼穡，而兄伯升好俠養士，常非笑光武事田業，比之高祖兄仲。王莽天鳳中，乃之長安，受尚書，略通大義。 |
| | Emperor Guangwu, the second emperor of the Later Han dynasty, whose personal name was Liu Xiu and courtesy name Wenshu, was a native of Caiyang, Nanyang. He was the ninth-generation grandson of Emperor Gaozu, descending from King Ding of Changsha, who was a son of Emperor Jingdi. Buyi was the father of Chunling Jiehou Liu Mai. Liu Mai was the father of Liu Wei, who served as governor of Yulin. Liu Wei was the father of Ju Lu Duwei Liu Hui. Liu Hui was the father of Liu Qin, who held the position of county magistrate in Nandun. Liu Qin was the father of Emperor Guangwu. At the age of nine, Emperor Guangwu became an orphan and was raised by his uncle Liu Liang. He was seven chi three cun tall, with a handsome beard and eyebrows, a broad mouth, a high nose bridge, and a solar angle on his forehead. By nature, he was diligent in farming and agriculture; however, his elder brother Liu Bocheng enjoyed being a patron of knights-errant and cultivating followers. He often mocked Emperor Guangwu for engaging in agricultural work, comparing him to Liu Zhong, the older brother of Emperor Gaozu. During the Tianfeng period of Wang Mang's reign, he went to Chang'an to study the Book of Documents and gained a general understanding of its main principles.
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莽末，天下連歲災蝗，寇盜鋒起。地皇三年，南陽荒饑，諸家賓客多為小盜。光武避吏新野，因賣穀於宛。宛人李通等以圖讖說光武云：「劉氏復起，李氏為輔。」光武初不敢當，然獨念兄伯升素結輕客，必舉大事，且王莽敗亡已兆，天下方亂，遂與定謀，於是乃市兵弩。十月，與李通從弟軼等起於宛，時年二十八。 |
| | Toward the end of Wang Mang's rule, the empire suffered from consecutive years of disasters and locust plagues, and bandits rose up in large numbers. In the third year of Dihuang (13 AD), Nanyang suffered from famine, and many retainers of noble families became petty thieves. Emperor Guangwu fled to Xinye to avoid official persecution and thus sold grain in Wan. Li Tong of the people of Wan and others told Emperor Guangwu about a prophecy, saying: "The Liu family will rise again, and the Li family will serve as their assistants." Emperor Guangwu initially dared not accept this, but he alone realized that his elder brother Liu Bocheng had long been associating with reckless followers and would surely launch a major enterprise. Moreover, the downfall of Wang Mang was already evident, and chaos was spreading throughout the empire; thus, he decided to plot accordingly and began purchasing weapons and crossbows. In the tenth month, together with Li Tong's cousin Li Yi and others, he rose in rebellion at Wan when he was twenty-eight years old.
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十一月，有星孛于張。光武遂將賓客還舂陵。時伯升已會眾起兵。初，諸家子弟恐懼，皆亡逃自匿，曰「伯升殺我」。及見光武絳衣大冠，皆驚曰「謹厚者亦復為之」，乃稍自安。伯升於是招新市、平林兵，與其帥王鳳、陳牧西擊長聚。光武初騎牛，殺新野尉乃得馬。進屠唐子鄉，又殺湖陽尉。軍中分財物不均，眾恚恨，欲反攻諸劉。光武斂宗人所得物，悉以與之，眾乃悅。進拔棘陽，與王莽前隊大夫甄阜、屬正梁丘賜戰於小長安，漢軍大敗，還保棘陽。 |
| | On the eleventh month, a comet appeared near the constellation Zhang. Emperor Guangwu then led his retainers back to Chunling. At that time, Liu Bocheng had already gathered a crowd and raised troops. Initially, the young men of various families were afraid and all fled in hiding, saying, "Bocheng will kill me." When they saw Emperor Guangwu wearing a crimson robe and a large official hat, they were all surprised and said, "Even the cautious and upright man is doing this," and gradually began to feel at ease. Liu Bocheng then recruited troops from Xinshi and Pinglin, and with their commanders Wang Feng and Chen Mu, marched west to attack Zhangju. Initially, Emperor Guangwu rode a cow; he did not obtain a horse until after killing the magistrate of Xinye. They advanced and sacked Tangzixiang, then killed the magistrate of Huyang. The distribution of spoils within the army was unequal; as a result, the soldiers were angry and resentful and wanted to turn against the Liu family. Emperor Guangwu collected all valuables obtained by his relatives, gave them entirely away, and thus won over the soldiers' favor. They advanced and captured Jiyang, where they fought against Zhen Fu, the former Du Dafu of Wang Mang, and Liangqiu Ci, the Zhuzheng, at Xiaochangan. The Han forces suffered a major defeat and retreated to defend Jiyang.
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更始元年正月甲子朔，漢軍復與甄阜、梁丘賜戰於沘水西，大破之，斬阜、賜。伯升又破王莽納言將軍嚴尤、秩宗將軍陳茂於淯陽，進圍宛城。 |
| | On the first day of the first month, Jiazi (January 15, 23 AD) in the first year of Gengshi, the Han forces once again fought against Zhen Fu and Liangqiu Ci at the western bank of Bishui River. They decisively defeated them, killing both Zhen Fu and Liangqi Ci. Liu Bocheng also defeated Yan You, the Nayan General of Wang Mang, and Chen Mao, the Zhizong General, at Yuyang, then advanced to besiege Wancheng.
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二月辛巳，立劉聖公為天子，以伯升為大司徒，光武為太常偏將軍。 |
| | On the Xinji day of the second month (March 1, 23 AD), Liu Shenggong was enthroned as emperor. Liu Bocheng was appointed Dashi Tu, and Emperor Guangwu was made Taichang Pianjiangjun.
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三月，光武別與諸將徇昆陽、定陵、郾，皆下之。多得牛馬財物，穀數十萬斛，轉以饋宛下。莽聞阜、賜死，漢帝立，大懼，遣大司徒王尋、大司空王邑將兵百萬，其甲士四十二萬人，五月，到潁川，復與嚴尤、陳茂合。初，光武為舂陵侯家訟逋租於尤，尤見而奇之。及是時，城中出降尤者言光武不取財物，但會兵計策。尤笑曰：「是美須眉者邪？何為乃如是！」 |
| | In the third month, Emperor Guangwu separately led various generals to campaign against Kunyang, Dingling, and Yan; all were captured. They seized many cattle, horses, and valuables, as well as hundreds of thousands of hu of grain, which were then transported to supply the forces at Wancheng. Wang Mang, upon hearing of the deaths of Zhen Fu and Liangqui Ci and the establishment of a Han emperor, was greatly alarmed. He dispatched Wang Xun, the Dushi Tu, and Wang Yi, the Dushikong, to lead an army of one million troops, with 420,000 armored soldiers. In the fifth month, they arrived at Yingchuan and joined forces once again with Yan You and Chen Mao. Initially, Emperor Guangwu had petitioned Yan You on behalf of the Chunling Hou family to resolve a debt for unpaid taxes; upon meeting him, Yan You found him remarkable. At this time, those who surrendered from the city to Yan You reported that Emperor Guangwu did not seize wealth but merely gathered troops and planned strategies. Yan You laughed and said: "Is this the man with the handsome beard?" "Why would he be like that!"
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初，王莽徵天下能為兵法者六十三家數百人，並以為軍吏；選練武衛，招募猛士，旌旗輜重，千里不絕。時有長人巨無霸，長一丈，大十圍，以為壘尉；又驅諸猛獸虎豹犀象之屬，以助威武。自秦、漢出師之盛，未嘗有也。光武將數千兵，徼之於陽關。諸將見尋、邑兵盛，反走，馳入昆陽，皆惶怖，憂念妻孥，欲散歸諸城。光武議曰：「今兵穀既少，而外寇彊大，并力禦之，功庶可立；如欲分散，埶無俱全。且宛城未拔，不能相救，昆陽即破，一日之閒，諸部亦滅矣。今不同心膽共舉功名，反欲守妻子財物邪？」諸將怒曰：「劉將軍何敢如是！」光武笑而起。會候騎還，言大兵且至城北，軍陳數百里，不見其後。諸將遽相謂曰：「更請劉將軍計之。」光武復為圖畫成敗。諸將憂迫，皆曰「諾」。時城中唯有八九千人，光武乃使成國上公王鳳、廷尉大將軍王常留守，夜自與驃騎大將軍宗佻、五威將軍李軼等十三騎，出城南門，於外收兵。時莽軍到城下者且十萬，光武幾不得出。既至郾、定陵，悉發諸營兵，而諸將貪惜財貨，欲分留守之。光武曰：「今若破敵，珍寶萬倍，大功可成；如為所敗，首領無餘，何財物之有！」眾乃從。 |
| | Initially, Wang Mang summoned more than six hundred individuals from sixty-three families who were skilled in military strategy across the empire and appointed them all as military officers; he trained elite guards, recruited valiant warriors, and his banners, standards, and supply caravans stretched for thousands of miles without end. At that time there was a giant named Juwuba, who stood ten zhang tall and had a girth of ten wei; he was appointed as a Weiwei. They also drove forth fierce beasts such as tigers, leopards, rhinoceroses, and elephants to enhance their military might. Such a grand mobilization of troops since the Qin and Han dynasties had never been seen before. Emperor Guangwu led several thousand soldiers to intercept them at Yangguan. The generals, upon seeing the overwhelming strength of Wang Xun and Wang Yi's forces, fled in panic back to Kunyang. They were all terrified and anxious about their families, wanting to disband and return to their respective cities. Emperor Guangwu argued: "Now that our troops and supplies are already scarce, while the external enemy is powerful, we must unite our strength to resist them; only then can we hope for success. If we choose to disperse, none of us will remain intact." Moreover, Wancheng has not yet been captured and cannot come to our aid. If Kunyang falls, within a single day all the other forces will also be destroyed. "Now is the time for us not to unite with courage and strive for glory together, yet you would rather protect your wives, children, and possessions?" The generals angrily replied: "How dare General Liu speak in such a way!" Emperor Guangwu smiled and got up. At that moment, a scout returned with news saying the large army was about to arrive at the northern part of the city. The enemy's formation stretched for hundreds of li and could not be seen in its entirety. The generals hastily said to one another: "Let us quickly consult General Liu on what to do." Emperor Guangwu once again outlined the possible outcomes of victory and defeat. The generals, anxious and distressed, all said, "Yes." At that time, there were only about eight or nine thousand men within the city. Emperor Guangwu therefore ordered Wang Feng, the Chengguo Shanggong, and Wang Chang, the Tingwei Dajiangjun, to remain in charge of the defense. At night, he personally led Zong Tiao, the Biaoke Dajiangjun, Li Yi, the Wuwei Jiangjun, and thirteen other horsemen out through the southern gate to raise troops outside the city. At that time, Wang Mang's forces had already approached the walls of the city with nearly 100,000 troops; Emperor Guangwu barely managed to escape. After arriving at Yan and Dingling, he mobilized all the troops from the various camps; however, the generals were greedy for wealth and wanted to divide the spoils and remain behind. Emperor Guangwu said: "Now if we defeat the enemy, the treasures will be ten thousand times more valuable; a great achievement can thus be accomplished. If we are defeated by them, there won't be any heads left, let alone any treasures!" The soldiers then followed his orders.
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嚴尤說王邑曰：「昆陽城小而堅，今假號者在宛，亟進大兵，彼必奔走；宛敗，昆陽自服。」邑曰：「吾昔以虎牙將軍圍翟義，坐不生得，以見責讓。今將百萬之眾，遇城而不能下，何謂邪？」遂圍之數十重，列營百數，雲車十餘丈，瞰臨城中，旗幟蔽野，埃塵連天，鉦鼓之聲聞數百里。或為地道，衝輣橦城。積弩亂發，矢下如雨，城中負戶而汲。王鳳等乞降，不許。尋、邑自以為功在漏刻，意氣甚逸。夜有流星墜營中，晝有雲如壞山，當營而隕，不及地尺而散，吏士皆厭伏。 |
| | Yan You advised Wang Yi: "Kunyang is a small but strong city. Now the pretender to the throne is at Wancheng; we should quickly advance with our main forces, and he will surely flee in panic; Once Wancheng falls, Kunyang will surrender of its own accord." Wang Yi replied: "In the past, I was the Huya Jiangjun who besieged Zhai Yi, but because I failed to capture him alive, I was reprimanded. Now with a hundred thousand troops in my command, if we encounter a city and cannot take it, what would that be called?" He then surrounded the city in dozens of layers, setting up hundreds of camps. Towering cloud ladders over ten zhang high were used to overlook the city; banners and flags covered the fields, dust and smoke reached the heavens, and the sounds of war drums and gongs could be heard for hundreds of li. Some dug underground tunnels to ram into the city walls with battering rams. lodash They launched a barrage of crossbow bolts, which fell like rain; within the city, people had to carry doors as shields while drawing water from wells. Wang Feng and others requested surrender, but it was refused. Wang Xun and Wang Yi believed that victory would be achieved in a matter of moments, and they were full of arrogance and complacency. At night, a meteor fell into their camp; during the day, clouds resembling a collapsing mountain descended toward the camp and then scattered just a chi above the ground. The officers and soldiers were all frightened and subdued.
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六月己卯，光武遂與營部俱進，自將步騎千餘，前去大軍四五里而陳。尋、邑亦遣兵數千合戰。光武奔之，斬首數十級。諸部喜曰：「劉將軍平生見小敵怯，今見大敵勇，甚可怪也，且復居前。請助將軍！」光武復進，尋、邑兵卻，諸部共乘之，斬首數百千級。連勝，遂前。時伯升拔宛已三日，而光武尚未知，乃偽使持書報城中，云「宛下兵到」，而陽墯其書。尋、邑得之，不憙。諸將既經累捷，膽氣益壯，無不一當百。光武乃與敢死者三千人，從城西水上衝其中堅，尋、邑陳亂，乘銳崩之，遂殺王尋。城中亦鼓譟而出，中外合埶，震呼動天地，莽兵大潰，走者相騰踐，奔殪百餘里閒。會大雷風，屋瓦皆飛，雨下如注，滍川盛溢，虎豹皆股戰，士卒爭赴，溺死者以萬數，水為不流。王邑、嚴尤、陳茂輕騎乘死人度水逃去。盡獲其軍實輜重，車甲珍寶，不可勝筭，舉之連月不盡，或燔燒其餘。 |
| | On the Jimao day of the sixth month, Emperor Guangwu thus advanced with his camp forces. He personally led more than a thousand infantry and cavalry, setting up formation about four or five li ahead of the main army. Wang Xun and Wang Yi also sent out several thousand troops to engage in battle. Emperor Guangwu charged at them, beheading dozens of enemy soldiers. The various commanders were delighted and said: "General Liu has always been timid in the face of small enemies, but now he is brave against a large enemy. It's very strange! He should take the lead again." "Please allow us to assist you, General!" Emperor Guangwu advanced again. Wang Xun and Wang Yi's forces retreated, and the other commanders joined in pursuit, beheading hundreds of thousands of enemy soldiers. With consecutive victories, they continued to advance. At that time, Liu Bochen had already captured Wancheng three days earlier, but Emperor Guangwu was still unaware. He therefore sent a fake messenger carrying a letter to the city, claiming "the troops from Wancheng have arrived," and pretended to drop the letter. Wang Xun and Wang Yi found it and were displeased. After experiencing repeated victories, the generals' courage and morale grew stronger; none of them failed to fight against a hundred enemies. Emperor Guangwu then led three thousand fearless soldiers, charging from the western side of the river to strike at the enemy's central position. Wang Xun and Wang Yi were thrown into disarray; taking advantage of their confusion, he crushed them with overwhelming momentum and killed Wang Xun. Inside the city, the defenders also shouted and charged out. The combined forces inside and outside joined together in a deafening roar that shook heaven and earth. Wang Mang's troops were completely routed; those who fled trampled each other to death over more than one hundred li of territory. At the same time, a violent thunderstorm erupted; roof tiles flew through the air and rain poured down like waterfalls. The Zhi River overflowed its banks, tigers and leopards trembled in fear, and soldiers scrambled to escape, drowning by the tens of thousands until the river was clogged with bodies and could no longer flow. Wang Yi, Yan You, and Chen Mao fled on horseback by riding over the corpses to cross the river. They captured all of their military supplies and equipment, as well as carriages, armor, and treasures beyond count. The spoils were so vast that it took months to transport them all, with the remaining items being burned in some cases.
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光武因復徇下潁陽。會伯升為更始所害，光武自父城馳詣宛謝。司徒官屬迎弔光武，光武難交私語，深引過而已。未嘗自伐昆陽之功，又不敢為伯升服喪，飲食言笑如平常。更始以是慚，拜光武為破虜大將軍，封武信侯。 |
| | Emperor Guanguser then proceeded to capture Yingyang as well. At this time, Liu Bocheng was killed by Emperor Gengshi; Emperor Guangwu hurried from Fucheng to Wan to apologize. The officials of the Dushi Tu's office came out to console Emperor Guangwu, but he found it difficult to engage in private conversations and only deeply expressed his own fault. He never took credit for the victory at Kunyang, nor did he dare to mourn Liu Bocheng openly; his eating, drinking, and manner of speaking remained as usual. Emperor Gengshi felt ashamed because of this and appointed Emperor Guangwu as the Pulu Dajiangjun and bestowed upon him the title of Wuxin Hou.
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九月庚戌，三輔豪桀共誅王莽，傳首詣宛。 |
| | On the Gengxu day of the ninth month, the powerful men and heroes of the Sanfu region jointly killed Wang Mang and sent his head to Wan.
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更始將北都洛陽，以光武行司隸校尉，使前整修宮府。於是置僚屬，作文移，從事司察，一如舊章。時三輔吏士東迎更始，見諸將過，皆冠幘，而服婦人衣，諸于繡镼，莫不笑之，或有畏而走者。及見司隸僚屬，皆歡喜不自勝。老吏或垂涕曰：「不圖今日復見漢官威儀！」由是識者皆屬心焉。 |
| | Emperor Gengshi planned to move the capital northward to Luoyang and appointed Emperor Guangwu to serve as acting Sili Jiao Wei, sending him ahead to prepare and repair the palaces and government offices. At this time, he established his staff, issued official documents, and carried out inspections according to procedures exactly as prescribed by the old regulations. At that time, officials and soldiers from the Sanfu region came eastward to welcome Emperor Gengshi. Seeing how the generals passed by—wearing head coverings but dressed in women's clothing with embroidered trousers—many of them laughed at them; some even fled out of fear. When they saw the staff members of the Sili office, all were overjoyed and could hardly contain their excitement. Some elderly officials wept and said: "We never expected to see the dignity of Han officials once again today!" Because of this, those with insight all pledged their loyalty.
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及更始至洛陽，乃遣光武以破虜將軍行大司馬事。十月，持節北度河，鎮慰州郡。所到部縣，輒見二千石、長吏、三老、官屬，下至佐史，考察黜陟，如州牧行部事。輒平遣囚徒，除王莽苛政，復漢官名。吏人喜悅，爭持牛酒迎勞。 |
| | When Emperor Gengshi arrived in Luoyang, he sent Emperor Guangwu as Pulu Jiangjun to serve in the duties of Daisima Shi. In the tenth month, holding a symbol of imperial authority, he crossed the Yellow River northward to pacify and console the states and commanderies. At every county he visited, he would meet with officials of the Erqianshi rank, senior local magistrates, Sanlao elders, and other government staff; even down to assistants and clerks. He examined their conduct and decided on promotions or dismissals as if conducting a regular inspection tour by the regional governor. He would release prisoners, abolish Wang Mang's oppressive policies, and restore Han-era official titles. The officials and people were delighted and competed to bring cattle and wine to welcome and honor him.
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進至邯鄲，故趙繆王子林說光武曰：「赤眉今在河東，但決水灌之，百萬之眾可使為魚。」光武不荅，去之真定。林於是乃詐以卜者王郎為成帝子子輿，十二月，立郎為天子，都邯鄲，遂遣使者降下郡國。 |
| | Advancing to Handan, the former son of King Miu of Zhao, Liu Lin, advised Emperor Guangwu: "The Chimei rebels are now in Hedong. If you simply dam up the river and flood them, a million troops can be turned into fish." Emperor Guangwu did not respond to this suggestion but left for Zhen Ding. Liu Lin then fraudulently claimed that the fortune-teller Wang Lang was a son of Emperor Chengdi, named Zi Yu. In the twelfth month, he declared Lang as Son of Heaven and established his capital in Handan. He then sent envoys to subdue commanderies and states.
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二年正月，光武以王郎新盛，乃北徇薊。王郎移檄購光武十萬戶，而故廣陽王子劉接起兵薊中以應郎，城內擾亂，轉相驚恐，言邯鄲使者方到，二千石以下皆出迎。於是光武趣駕南轅，晨夜不敢入城邑，舍食道傍。至饒陽，官屬皆乏食。光武乃自稱邯鄲使者，入傳舍。傳吏方進食，從者飢，爭奪之。傳吏疑其偽，乃椎鼓數十通，紿言邯鄲將軍至，官屬皆失色。光武升車欲馳；既而懼不免，徐還坐，曰：「請邯鄲將軍入。」久乃駕去。傳中人遙語門者閉之。門長曰：「天下詎可知，而閉長者乎？」遂得南出。晨夜兼行，蒙犯霜雪，天時寒，面皆破裂。至呼沱河，無船，適遇冰合，得過，未畢數車而陷。進至下博城西，遑惑不知所之。有白衣老父在道旁，指曰：「努力！信都郡為長安守，去此八十里。」光武即馳赴之，信都太守任光開門出迎。世祖因發旁縣，得四千人，先擊堂陽、貰縣，皆降之。王莽和戎卒正邳彤亦舉郡降。又昌城人劉植，宋子人耿純，各率宗親子弟，據其縣邑，以奉光武。於是北降下曲陽，眾稍合，樂附者至有數萬人。 |
| | In the first month of the second year, Emperor Guangwu, considering that Wang Lang had recently gained strength, moved north to Xiji. Wang Lang issued an edict offering a reward of 100,000 households for Emperor Guangwu's capture. Meanwhile, Liu Jie, the former son of Prince Guangyang, raised troops in Xiji to support Wang Lang. The city became chaotic and people were frightened into spreading rumors that envoys from Handan were about to arrive; officials down to the Erqianshi level all went out to welcome them. Emperor Guangwu therefore hurriedly turned his carriage southward, traveling day and night without daring to enter any city or town, stopping only by the roadside for food. When he arrived at Raoyang, his officials and attendants were all short of food. Emperor Guangwu then claimed to be an envoy from Handan and entered the relay station. Just as the station official was serving food, his followers, who were starving, rushed forward to snatch it. The station official suspected them of being impostors and struck the drum dozens of times, falsely announcing that a general from Handan was arriving. His officials all turned pale with alarm. Emperor Guangwu climbed into his carriage to flee; But fearing he could not escape, he slowly returned to sit and said: "Please invite the general from Handan to enter." After a long time, they finally mounted their carriages and departed. The people inside the relay station shouted from afar to the gatekeepers to close it. The gatekeeper said: "How can one know who is right in this world, and dare we shut out a respected elder?" Thus they were allowed to leave southward. They traveled day and night, braving frost and snow; the weather was bitterly cold, and their faces all cracked from the exposure. When they arrived at the Hudu River, there were no boats available; just then, they encountered a frozen river and managed to cross. However, before all their carriages had passed, some of them sank into the ice. Advancing to the west of Xiabo Cheng, they were confused and uncertain where to go next. An old man in plain clothes by the roadside pointed and said: "Strive on! The Xindu commandery is guarding Chang'an, and it lies eighty li from here." Emperor Guangwu immediately rode off toward it, and the governor of Xindu Commandery, Ren Guang, opened the gates to welcome him. Emperor Guangwu thus mobilized forces from neighboring counties and gathered 4,000 men. He first attacked Tangyang and Shexian, both of which surrendered to him. Pi Tong, the military commander of War Peace (He Rong) under Wang Mang, also surrendered his entire commandery. Also, Liu Zhi of Changcheng and Geng Chun of Songzi each led their relatives and young men to occupy their respective counties in support of Emperor Guangwu. Thus, moving northward, they subdued Quyang, and gradually the forces began to unite; those who joyfully joined them numbered as many as tens of thousands.
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復北擊中山，拔盧奴。所過發奔命兵，移檄邊部，共擊邯鄲，郡縣還復響應。南擊新市、真定、元氏、防子，皆下之，因入趙界。 |
| | They then moved north again to attack Zhongshan, capturing Lunu. As they passed through each area, they mobilized the local conscripted troops and issued proclamations to the border regions, calling for a joint attack on Handan; many commanderies and counties responded by returning to their side. Moving south, they attacked Xinshi, Zhen Ding, Yuanshi, and Fangzi, all of which fell to them. Thus, they entered the territory of Zhao.
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時王郎大將李育屯柏人，漢兵不知而進，前部偏將朱浮、鄧禹為育所破，亡失輜重。光武在後聞之，收浮、禹散卒，與育戰於郭門，大破之，盡得其所獲。育還保城，攻之不下，於是引兵拔廣阿。會上谷太守耿況、漁陽太守彭寵各遣其將吳漢、寇恂等將突騎來助擊王郎，更始亦遣尚書僕射謝躬討郎，光武因大饗士卒，遂東圍鉅鹿。王郎守將王饒堅守，月餘不下。郎遣將倪宏、劉奉率數萬人救鉅鹿，光武逆戰於南讀，斬首數千級。四月，進圍邯鄲，連戰破之。五月甲辰，拔其城，誅王郎。收文書，得吏人與郎交關謗毀者數千章。光武不省，會諸將軍燒之，曰：「令反側子自安。」 |
| | At that time, Wang Lang's general Li Yu was stationed at Bairen. The Han forces advanced without knowing this, and their vanguard generals Zhu Fu and Deng Yu were defeated by Li Yu, losing much of their supplies and equipment. Emperor Guangwu was at the rear when he heard of this defeat, gathered the scattered troops of Fu and Yu, and fought Li Yu in a battle at Guomen. He decisively defeated him and recovered all that had been captured by the enemy. Li Yu retreated to defend the city, but Emperor Guangwu could not capture it; thus he led his troops to capture Guang'a instead. At this time, Governor Geng Kuang of Shanggu and Governor Peng Chong of Yuyang each sent their generals Wu Han and Kou Xun to lead cavalry units to assist in attacking Wang Lang. Emperor Gengshi also dispatched the Assistant Minister of the Secretariat, Xie Gong, to campaign against Wang Lang. Taking advantage of this support, Emperor Guangwu held a grand banquet for his soldiers before advancing eastward to besiege Julu. Wang Lang's defending general Wang Rao held out resolutely, and after more than a month the city could not be captured. Wang Lang sent his generals Ni Hong and Liu Feng, each leading tens of thousands of troops to relieve Julu. Emperor Guangusername met them in battle at Nandu, where he beheaded several thousand enemy soldiers. In the fourth month, they advanced to besiege Handan and defeated its defenders through a series of battles. On the Jiachen day of the fifth month, they captured the city and executed Wang Lang. They seized official documents and discovered thousands of records in which officials and commoners had conspired with Wang Lang to spread slander and defame the government. Emperor Guangwu did not review them, but gathered his generals to burn all of them, saying: "Let those who are uncertain and anxious find peace for themselves."
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更始遣侍御史持節立光武為蕭王，悉令罷兵詣行在所。光武辭以河北未平，不就徵。自是始貳於更始。 |
| | Emperor Gengshi sent a Court Censor holding an imperial token to bestow the title of Xiao Wang upon Emperor Guangwu and ordered him to disband his troops and proceed to where he was stationed. Emperor Guangwu declined, citing that the region north of the Yellow River had not yet been pacified, and did not accept the summons. From then on, he began to act independently from Emperor Gengshi.
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是時長安政亂，四方背叛。梁王劉永擅命睢陽，公孫述稱王巴蜀，李憲自立為淮南王，秦豐自號楚黎王，張步起琅邪，董憲起東海，延岑起漢中，田戎起夷陵，並置將帥，侵略郡縣。又別號諸賊銅馬、大肜、高湖、重連、鐵脛、大搶、尤來、上江、青犢、五校、檀鄉、五幡、五樓、富平、獲索等，各領部曲，眾合數百萬人，所在寇掠。 |
| | At that time, the government in Chang'an was in chaos and rebellion had broken out throughout the four directions. Liang Wang Liu Yong proclaimed himself ruler of Suixang, Gongsun Shu declared himself King of Ba and Shu, Li Xian proclaimed himself King of Huainan, Qin Feng styled himself as the "Chu Li" King, Zhang Bu rose in Langya, Dong Xian rebelled in Donghai, Yan Cen revolted from Hanzhong, and Tian Rong raised troops at Yiling. All of them appointed generals and commanders to invade commanderies and counties. In addition, various rebel groups were known by different names such as Tongma, Datong, Gaohu, Chonglian, Tiejing, Daqiang, Youlai, Shangjiang, Qingtu, Wuxiao, Tanxiang, Wufan, Wulou, Fuping, and Huosuo. Each group controlled its own forces, with a combined total of several hundred thousand men, raiding and plundering wherever they went.
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光武將擊之，先遣吳漢北發十郡兵。幽州牧苗曾不從，漢遂斬曾而發其眾。秋，光武擊銅馬於鄡，吳漢將突騎來會清陽。賊數挑戰，光武堅營自守；有出鹵掠者，輒擊取之，絕其糧道。積月餘日，賊食盡，夜遁去，追至館陶，大破之。受降未盡，而高湖、重連從東南來，與銅馬餘眾合，光武復與大戰於蒲陽，悉破降之，封其渠帥為列侯。降者猶不自安，光武知其意，敕令各歸營勒兵，乃自乘輕騎按行部陳。降者更相語曰：「蕭王推赤心置人腹中，安得不投死乎！」由是皆服。悉將降人分配諸將，眾遂數十萬，故關西號光武為「銅馬帝」。赤眉別帥與大肜、青犢十餘萬眾在射犬，光武進擊，大破之，眾皆散走。使吳漢、岑彭襲殺謝躬於鄴。 |
| | Emperor Guangwu prepared to attack them and first sent Wu Han northward to raise troops from ten commanderies. Yuzhou Shu Miao Ceng refused to comply, so Wu Han executed him and mobilized his forces. In autumn, Emperor Guangwu attacked the Tongma rebels at Qian, while Wu Han led a cavalry force to join him in Qingyang. The rebels repeatedly challenged them to battle, but Emperor Guangwu firmly held his position and defended his camp; Whenever the enemy sent out raiding parties for supplies, he would attack and capture them, cutting off their supply lines. After more than a month, the rebels ran out of food and fled at night; they were pursued to Guantao, where they were decisively defeated. Before all the rebels had surrendered, Gaohu and Chonglian arrived from the southeast and joined forces with the remaining Tongma troops. Emperor Guangwu once again engaged them in a major battle at Puyang, completely defeating and subduing them, and enfeoffed their leaders as Marquises of various ranks. The surrendered rebels still felt uneasy about their situation. Knowing this, Emperor Guangwu ordered them to return to their camps and prepare for battle, while he personally rode a light horse to inspect the troop formations. The surrendered rebels whispered among themselves: "Prince Xiao places his sincere heart in our bellies; how could we not be willing to die for him!" Because of this, they all became loyal. He distributed the surrendered rebels among his generals, and thus his forces grew to hundreds of thousands; for this reason, people in Guanxi called Emperor Guangwu the "Tongma Emperor." A separate faction of the Chimei rebels, along with Datong and Qingtu forces totaling more than 100,00 troops, were stationed at Shequan. Emperor Guangwu advanced to attack them, decisively defeating their forces, who then scattered in all directions. He sent Wu Han and Cen Peng to launch a surprise attack on Xie Gong at Ye, where they killed him.
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青犢、赤眉賊入函谷關，攻更始。光武乃遣鄧禹率六裨將引兵而西，以乘更始、赤眉之亂。時更始使大司馬朱鮪、舞陰王李軼等屯洛陽，光武亦令馮異守孟津以拒之。 |
| | The Qingtu and Chimei rebels entered the Hangu Pass and attacked Emperor Gengshi. Emperor Guangwu then dispatched Deng Yu to lead six assistant generals with troops westward, in order to take advantage of the chaos between Emperor Gengshi and the Chimei rebels. At that time, Emperor Gengshi had sent the Daisima Zhu Yi and Prince Li Yi of Wuyin to station troops in Luoyang. In response, Emperor Guangwu also ordered Feng Yi to defend Mengjin as a countermeasure.
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建武元年春正月，平陵人方望立前孺子劉嬰為天子，更始遣丞相李松擊斬之。 |
| | In the first month of spring, Jianwu Yuan Nian (25 AD), Fang Wang from Pingling declared Liu Ying, the former Ruzi, as Son of Heaven. Emperor Gengshi dispatched his Chancellor Li Song to attack and execute him.
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光武北擊尤來、大搶、五幡於元氏，追至右北平，連破之。又戰於順水北，乘勝輕進，反為所敗。賊追急，短兵接，光武自投高岸，遇突騎王豐，下馬授光武，光武撫其肩而上，顧笑謂耿弇曰：「幾為虜嗤。」弇頻射卻賊，得免。士卒死者數千人，散兵歸保范陽。軍中不見光武，或云已歿，諸將不知所為。吳漢曰：「卿曹努力！王兄子在南陽，何憂無主？」眾恐懼，數日乃定。賊雖戰勝，而素懾大威，客主不相知，夜遂引去。大軍復進至安次，與戰，破之，斬首三千餘級。賊入漁陽，乃遣吳漢率耿弇、陳俊、馬武等十二將軍追戰于潞東，及平谷，大破滅之。 |
| | Emperor Guangwu moved northward and attacked the Youlai, Daqiang, and Wufan rebels at Yuanshi. He pursued them as far as Youbeiping, defeating them repeatedly in a series of battles. He then fought another battle north of Shunshui River, but overconfident from his previous victories and advancing too lightly, he was defeated in return. The rebels pursued fiercely, and in close combat, Emperor Guangwu threw himself onto a high bank where he encountered the cavalry commander Wang Feng. Wang dismounted his horse and gave it to Emperor Guangwu, who mounted it while patting Wang's shoulder. Turning around with a smile, he said to Geng Yan: "I nearly became a laughingstock for the enemy." Geng Yan repeatedly shot at the rebels, driving them back and allowing Emperor Guangwu to escape. Thousands of soldiers were killed in this battle; the scattered troops returned to defend Fanyang for safety. When the army could not find Emperor Guangwu, some claimed he had already died, and the generals did not know what to do. Wu Han said: "All of you must strive hard! The emperor's nephew is in Nanyang; what need do we have to worry about lacking a leader?" The troops were frightened, and it took several days before order was restored. Although the rebels had won this battle, they had long been intimidated by Emperor Guangwu's great authority; since they were unfamiliar with the terrain and their enemy, they withdrew during the night. The main army advanced again to Anci and engaged in battle, defeating the rebels and beheading more than 3,000 of them. The rebels retreated into Yuyang, so Wu Han was dispatched to lead Generals Geng Yan, Chen Jun, Ma Wu, and eleven others in pursuit. They fought the rebels east of Lu and at Pinggu, where they decisively crushed them.
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朱鮪遣討難將軍蘇茂攻溫，馮異、寇恂與戰，大破之，斬其將賈彊。 |
| | Zhu Yi dispatched the General of Campaigns Su Mao to attack Wen. Feng Yi and Kou Xun engaged him in battle, decisively defeating his forces and beheading their general Jia Qiang.
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於是諸將議上尊號。馬武先進曰：「天下無主。如有聖人承敝而起，雖仲尼為相，孫子為將，猶恐無能有益。反水不收，後悔無及。大王雖執謙退，柰宗廟社稷何！宜且還薊即尊位，乃議征伐。今此誰賊而馳騖擊之乎？」光武驚曰：「何將軍出是言？可斬也！」武曰：「諸將盡然。」光武使出曉之，乃引軍還至薊。 |
| | At this time, the generals discussed bestowing a regnal title upon Emperor Guangwu. Ma Wu stepped forward first and said: "The world has no ruler now. If there were a sage who arose to take charge in this time of disorder, even if Confucius served as prime minister and Sunzi as general, one might still fear they could not achieve much. A flowing river cannot be turned back; regret will come too late." Although Your Highness insists on humility and withdrawal, what about the ancestral temples and the state?!" You should return to Xiji first and assume your imperial position before discussing any campaigns of conquest. Who are these rebels that we must rush about and attack?" Emperor Guangwu was startled and said: "Which general has spoken such words? He should be executed!" Wu replied: "All the generals feel the same way." Emperor Guangwu sent someone to explain this to them, and then led his army back to Xiji.
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夏四月，公孫述自稱天子。 |
| | In the fourth month of summer, Gongsun Shu proclaimed himself Son of Heaven.
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光武從薊還，過范陽，命收葬吏士。至中山，諸將復上奏曰：「 |
| | Emperor Guangwu returned from Xiji and passed through Fanyang, where he ordered the collection and burial of officials and soldiers who had died. When he arrived at Zhongshan, the generals once again submitted a memorial stating: "
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漢遭王莽，宗廟廢絕，豪傑憤怒，兆人塗炭。王與伯升首舉義兵，更始因其資以據帝位，而不能奉承大統，敗亂綱紀，盜賊日多，群生危蹙。大王初征昆陽，王莽自潰；後拔邯鄲，北州弭定；參分天下而有其二，跨州據土，帶甲百萬。言武力則莫之敢抗，論文德則無所與辭。臣聞帝王不可以久曠，天命不可以謙拒，惟大王以社稷為計，萬姓為心。」光武又不聽。 |
| | The Han dynasty suffered under Wang Mang; our ancestral temples were abandoned and destroyed. The heroes and outstanding men of the land grew angry, and the common people endured great suffering. You and your elder brother Liu Bo Sheng were the first to raise an army in righteous cause. Emperor Gengshi took advantage of your achievements to claim the imperial throne, but has failed to uphold the great mandate, disrupting order and discipline; bandits multiply daily, and all living beings face danger and distress. When Your Majesty first marched on Kunyang, Wang Mang's forces collapsed by themselves; later captured Handan and pacified the northern states; The empire is divided into three parts, with two of them under Your Majesty's control. You command vast territories across multiple provinces and lead a million armed soldiers. In terms of military strength, none dare to oppose you; in terms of literary virtue, there is no one who can rival your eloquence. I have heard that the throne of an emperor cannot remain vacant for long, and Heaven's mandate cannot be humbly refused. Your Majesty should consider the state as your priority and place the well-being of all the people at heart." Emperor Guangwu again did not listen.
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行到南平棘，諸將復固請之。光武曰：「寇賊未平，四面受敵，何遽欲正號位乎？諸將且出。」耿純進曰：「天下士大夫捐親戚，棄土壤，從大王於矢石之閒者，其計固望其攀龍鱗，附鳳翼，以成其所志耳。今功業即定，天人亦應，而大王留時逆眾，不正號位，純恐士大夫望絕計窮，則有去歸之思，無為久自苦也。大眾一散，難可復合。時不可留，眾不可逆。」純言甚誠切，光武深感，曰：「吾將思之。」 |
| | When he reached Nanpingji, the generals once more earnestly requested it. Emperor Guangwu said: "Bandits and rebels have not yet been pacified, and we face enemies on all sides. Why do you suddenly wish to assume the imperial title? The generals then withdrew. Geng Chun stepped forward and said: "The scholars and officials of the world have abandoned their relatives and forsaken their native lands to follow Your Majesty amidst arrows and stones. Their intention has always been to grasp the dragon's scales, attach themselves to the phoenix's wings, and thus achieve their ambitions. Now that Your Majesty's achievements are established and the will of Heaven and people has responded, yet if you delay and refuse the people's wishes by not assuming the imperial title, I fear that the scholars and officials may lose hope and feel their plans have come to naught. They might then think of leaving and returning home, no longer willing to endure hardship for long." Once the people disperse, it will be difficult to reunite them again. The time cannot be delayed, and the people's will cannot be resisted." Geng Chun spoke with great sincerity and earnestness. Emperor Guangwu was deeply moved and said: "I shall consider it carefully."
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行至鄗，光武先在長安時同舍生彊華自關中奉赤伏符，曰「劉秀發兵捕不道，四夷雲集龍鬥野，四七之際火為主」。群臣因復奏曰：「受命之符，人應為大，萬里合信，不議同情，周之白魚，曷足比焉？今上無天子，海內淆亂，符瑞之應，昭然著聞，宜荅天神，以塞群望。」光武於是命有司設壇場於鄗南千秋亭五成陌。 |
| | When he arrived at Dao, Emperor Guangwu had previously been in Chang'an and shared a dormitory with Qiang Hua. Now, Qiang Hua came from Guanzhong bearing the Chi Fu Fu (Red Seal Mandate), which stated: "Liu Xiu raises an army to punish the wicked; the four Yi peoples gather like clouds on the field where dragons fight; at the time of forty-seven, fire shall be in command." The ministers then once again submitted a memorial, saying: "The sign of receiving Heaven's mandate is so powerful that people naturally respond. The credibility spans ten thousand li and unites without debate or dissent. Even the white fish of Zhou dynasty, what could it compare to this? Now there is no emperor above, and within the seas all is confused and chaotic. The signs of auspicious omens are clearly evident to all. Your Majesty should respond to Heaven's will and gods' mandate in order to satisfy the people's expectations." Emperor Guangwu then ordered officials to set up an altar at Wucheng Mò, Qianqiu Ting in the southern part of Dao.
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六月己未，即皇帝位。燔燎告天，禋于六宗，望於群神。其祝文曰：「皇天上帝，后土神祇，眷顧降命，屬秀黎元，為人父母，秀不敢當。群下百辟，不謀同辭，咸曰：『王莽篡位，秀發憤興兵，破王尋、王邑於昆陽，誅王郎、銅馬於河北，平定天下，海內蒙恩。上當天地之心，下為元元所歸。』讖記曰：『劉秀發兵捕不道，卯金修德為天子。』秀猶固辭，至于再，至于三。群下僉曰：『皇天大命，不可稽留。』敢不敬承。」於是建元為建武，大赦天下，改鄗為高邑。 |
| | On the Jiwu day of the sixth month (June 29, 25 AD), he ascended the imperial throne. He offered sacrifices by burning incense and firewood to inform Heaven, performed sacrificial rites for the Six Ancestries, and made offerings to all deities. The prayer read: "O Supreme Deity of the Celestial Realm, O Earth God and Spirits, you have looked upon me with favor and bestowed your mandate. You have entrusted Liu Xiu to be the shepherd of the people, their father and mother. But I, Liu Xiu, dare not accept this responsibility. All the officials and subjects, without prior consultation, have spoken in unison: 'Wang Mang usurped the throne. Liu Xiu rose up with righteous anger and raised an army. He defeated Wang Xun and Wang Yi at Kunyang, eliminated Wang Lang and Tong Ma in Hebei, pacified the empire, and brought blessings to all under Heaven. He is above in harmony with Heaven and Earth's will, and below he is where the common people look for refuge.' The prophecy states: 'Liu Xiu raises an army against the wicked, and Mao Jin cultivates virtue to become Son of Heaven.' Still, Liu Xiu repeatedly refused, doing so twice, then a third time. The officials all said in unison: 'Heaven's great mandate cannot be delayed.' Daring not to respectfully accept." Thus, he established the reign title Jianwu, issued a general pardon throughout the empire, and changed the name of Dao to Gaoyi.
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
是月，赤眉立劉盆子為天子。 |
| | In this month, the Chimei rebels enthroned Liu Pensi as Son of Heaven.
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
甲子，前將軍鄧禹擊更始定國公王匡於安邑，大破之，斬其將劉均。 |
| | On the Jiazi day (June 14, 25 AD), General Deng Yu of the Former Army attacked Wang Kuang, the Duke of Dingguo under Emperor Gengshi, at Anyi and defeated him decisively, slaying his general Liu Jun.
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秋七月辛未，拜前將軍鄧禹為大司徒。丁丑，以野王令王梁為大司空。壬午，以大將軍吳漢為大司馬，偏將軍景丹為驃騎大將軍，大將軍耿弇為建威大將軍，偏將軍蓋延為虎牙大將軍，偏將軍朱祐為建義大將軍，中堅將軍杜茂為大將軍。 |
| | In the seventh month of autumn on the Xinwei day (August 12, 25 AD), Emperor Guangwu appointed General Deng Yu as Taishitu. On the Dingchou day (August 18, 25 AD), Wang Liang, former county magistrate of Yewang, was appointed as Taikong. On the Renwu day (August 23, 25 AD), Grand General Wu Han was appointed as Taishangfu; Bias General Jing Dan became Biaoqi Da Jiangjun; Grand General Geng Yan became Jianwei Da Jiangjun; Bias General Gai Yan became Huya Da Jiangjun; Bias General Zhu You became Jiandi Da Jiangjun; Zhongjian Jiangjun Du Mao became Grand General.
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時宗室劉茂自號「厭新將軍」，率眾降，封為中山王。 |
| | At this time, Liu Mao of the imperial clan had styled himself "Yanxin Jiangjun" and led his followers in surrendering. He was enfeoffed as King of Zhongshan.
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己亥，幸懷。遣耿弇率彊弩將軍陳俊軍五社津，備滎陽以東。使吳漢率朱祐及廷尉岑彭、執金吾賈復、揚化將軍堅鐔等十一將軍圍朱鮪於洛陽。 |
| | On the Ji Hai day (August 30, 25 AD), the emperor visited Huai. Geng Yan was dispatched to lead General Chen Jun of the Strong Crossbow Army at Wushejin, guarding from Yingyang eastward. Emperor Guangwu ordered Wu Han to lead Zhu You, as well as Tingwei Cen Peng, Zhijinwu Jia Fu, Yanghua Jiangjun Jian Dan and ten other generals to besiege Zhu Li in Luoyang.
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八月壬子，祭社稷。癸丑，祠高祖、太宗、世宗於懷宮。進幸河陽。更始廩丘王田立降。 |
| | In the eighth month on the Renzi day (September 13, 25 AD), sacrifices were made to Sheji (the gods of land and grain). On the Kouchou day (September 14, 25AD), ancestral rites were held at Huai Gong to honor Emperor Gaozu and the emperors Taizong and Shizong. The emperor then proceeded to Heyang. Tian Li, King of Linqiu under Emperor Gengshi, surrendered.
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九月，赤眉入長安，更始奔高陵。辛未，詔曰：「更始破敗，棄城逃走，妻子裸袒，流冗道路。朕甚愍之。今封更始為淮陽王。吏人敢有賊害者，罪同大逆。」 |
| | In the ninth month, the Chimei forces entered Chang'an, and Emperor Gengshi fled to Gaoling. On the Xinwei day (October 13, 26 AD), an imperial edict was issued: "Emperor Gengshi has suffered defeat and abandoned his city to flee. His wife and children are naked and exposed, wandering in destitution along the roads. I feel deep compassion for them." Now, Emperor Gengshi shall be enfeoffed as the King of Huaiyang. Any official or commoner who dares to harm him will bear a crime equal to high treason."
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甲申，以前高密令卓茂為太傅。 |
| | On the Jia Shen day (October 26, 25 AD), Zhuo Mao, former county magistrate of Gaomi, was appointed as Taifu.
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辛卯，朱鮪舉城降。 |
| | On the Xinmao day (November 4, 26AD), Zhu Li surrendered his city.
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冬十月癸丑，車駕入洛陽，幸南宮卻非殿，遂定都焉。 |
| | In winter, on the Gouchou day of the tenth month (November 16, 25 AD), His Majesty's carriage entered Luoyang and stayed at Qufei Palace in Nan Gong. Thus, Luoyang was established as the capital.
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遣岑彭擊荊州群賊。 |
| | Cen Peng was dispatched to attack the bandits in Jingzhou.
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十一月甲午，幸懷。 |
| | On the Jiawu day of the eleventh month (December 18, 26 AD), the emperor visited Huai again.
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
劉永自稱天子。 |
| | Liu Yong proclaimed himself Son of Heaven on his own.
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十二月丙戌，至自懷。 |
| | On the Bingxiu day (January 19, 26 AD) of the twelfth month, the emperor returned from Huai.
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
赤眉殺更始，而隗囂據隴右，盧芳起安定。破虜大將軍叔壽擊五校賊於曲梁，戰歿。 |
| | The Chimei rebels killed Emperor Gengshi. Meanwhile, Wei Xiao occupied Longyou, and Lu Fang rose up in Anding. Shu Shou, the Dalv Da Jiangjun, fought against the Wu Xiao rebels at Quliang and died in battle.
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二年春正月甲子朔，日有食之。大司馬吳漢率九將軍擊檀鄉賊於鄴東，大破降之。庚辰，封功臣皆為列侯，大國四縣，餘各有差。下詔曰：「人情得足，苦於放縱，快須臾之欲，忘慎罰之義。惟諸將業遠功大，誠欲傳於無窮，宜如臨深淵，如履薄冰，戰戰慄慄，日慎一日。其顯效未詶，名籍未立者，大鴻臚趣上，朕將差而錄之。」博士丁恭議曰：「古帝王封諸侯不過百里，故利以建侯，取法於雷，強榦弱枝，所以為治也。今封諸侯四縣，不合法制。」帝曰：「古之亡國，皆以無道，未嘗聞功臣地多而滅亡者。」乃遣謁者即授印綬，策曰：「在上不驕，高而不危；制節謹度，滿而不溢。敬之戒之。傳爾子孫，長為漢藩。」 |
| | On the first day of the first month (February 10, 26 AD) in spring of the second year, there was a solar eclipse. Taishangfu Wu Han led nine generals to attack the Tanxiang rebels east of Ye, defeating them decisively and forcing their surrender. On the Gengchen day (February 26, 26 AD), meritorious officials were all enfeoffed as Marquises. The most distinguished received four counties in their fiefs; others received varying degrees of reward accordingly. An imperial edict was issued, stating: "Human nature, once satisfied, tends to indulge in excess. People seek momentary pleasure and forget the meaning of caution and punishment. Since all the generals have achieved great and distant accomplishments, they truly wish to pass on their legacy for eternity. They should act as if standing at the edge of a deep abyss or walking on thin ice—trembling with caution each day, growing more careful every day. Those whose merits have not yet been recognized and whose names are not recorded should be urgently submitted by the Grand Registrar of Officials, for I shall personally review and record them." Doctor Ding Gong proposed: "In ancient times, emperors enfeoffed feudal lords no more than a hundred li in territory. Thus, the benefits of establishing marquises were derived from the example of thunder—strengthening the trunk while weakening the branches, which was how order was maintained. Now enfeoffing feudal lords with four counties does not conform to legal regulations." The emperor said: "All ancient states that fell did so because of their rulers' tyranny. I have never heard of a state destroyed by its meritorious ministers having too much land." He then dispatched an official to bestow the seals and jade cords, with a decree stating: "Those in high positions must not be arrogant; though lofty, they should remain unthreatened; Maintain restraint and careful conduct, so that even when full, one does not overflow. Be respectful and cautious." Pass this on to your descendants, so that they may forever serve as the Han dynasty's vassals."
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壬午，更始復漢將軍鄧曄、輔漢將軍于匡降，皆復爵位。 |
| | On the Renwu day, Deng Ye, the Fuhan Jiangjun of Emperor Gengshi's Han forces, and Yu Kuang, the Fuhans Jiangjun, surrendered. Their titles were restored to them.
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壬子，起高廟，建社稷於洛陽，立郊兆于城南，始正火德，色尚赤。 |
| | On the Renshi day (March 21, 26 AD), a high ancestral temple was built and Sheji altars were established in Luoyang. A sacrificial site for suburban rites was set up to the south of the city. The dynasty officially adopted the fire virtue, with red as its favored color.
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是月，赤眉焚西京宮室，發掘園陵，寇掠關中。大司徒鄧禹入長安，遣府掾奉十一帝神主，納於高廟。 |
| | In this month, the Chimei bandits burned the palaces of the Western Capital (Chang'an), looted and desecrated ancestral tombs, and raided Guanzhong. Taishitu Deng Yu entered Chang'an and dispatched officials to present the ancestral tablets of eleven emperors, placing them in the high temple.
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真定王楊、臨邑侯讓謀反，遣前將軍耿純誅之。 |
| | Prince Zhen Ding Yang and Marquis Linyi Rang plotted rebellion; General Geng Chun was dispatched to execute them.
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二月己酉，幸修武。 |
| | On the Jiyou day of the second month (April 1, 26 AD), His Majesty visited Xiuwu.
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大司空王梁免。壬子，以太中大夫宋弘為大司空。 |
| | Taikong Wang Liang was dismissed from office. On the Renshi day, Tai Zhong Daifu Song Hong was appointed as Taikong (Minister of Works).
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遣驃騎大將軍景丹率征虜將軍祭遵等二將軍擊弘 |
| | Biaoqi Da Jiangjun Jing Dan was dispatched to lead two generals, including Zhenglv Da Jiangjun Jizun, to attack Hong.
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農賊，破之，因遣祭遵圍蠻中賊張滿。 |
| | They defeated the Nong rebels and then sent Jizun to surround Zhang Man of the Manzhong bandits.
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漁陽太守彭寵反，攻幽州牧朱浮於薊。 |
| | T'ai-shou Peng Chong of Yuyang rebelled and attacked Zhu Fu, the governor of Youzhou, at Xiji.
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延岑自稱武安王於漢中。 |
| | Yan Cen proclaimed himself King Wu'an in Hanzhong on his own authority.
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辛卯，至自修武。 |
| | On the Xinmao day, His Majesty returned from Xiuwu.
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
三月乙未，大赦天下，詔曰：「頃獄多冤人，用刑深刻，朕甚愍之。孔子云：『刑罰不中，則民無所措手足。』其與中二千石、諸大夫、博士、議郎議省刑法。」 |
| | On the Yiwu day of March (May 13, 27 AD), a general pardon was issued throughout the empire. An imperial edict stated: "Recently, many innocent people have been wrongfully imprisoned and harsh punishments have been applied; I feel deep sorrow for this. Confucius said: "If punishment is not just, the people will be at a loss as to what to do with their hands and feet." Therefore, you shall deliberate together with officials of rank Zhong Erqianshi, various doctors, scholars, and Yilang on the reduction and revision of criminal laws."
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遣執金吾賈復率二將軍擊更始郾王尹遵，破降之。 |
| | Zhijinwu Jia Fu was dispatched to lead two generals in attacking Yin Zun, King of Yan under Emperor Gengshi; they defeated and forced his surrender.
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驍騎將軍劉植擊密賊，戰歿。 |
| | Xiaojijiangjun Liu Zhi fought against the Mi rebels and died in battle.
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遣虎牙大將軍蓋延率四將軍伐劉永。夏四月，圍永於睢陽。更始將蘇茂殺淮陽太守潘蹇而附劉永。 |
| | General Gai Yan, Huya Da Jiangjun, was dispatched to lead four generals in a campaign against Liu Yong. In the fourth month of summer (June 27, 26 AD), they surrounded Liu Yong at Suiyang. Emperor Gengshi's general Su Mao killed Tai-shou Pan Jian of Huaiyang and defected to Liu Yong.
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甲午，封叔父良為廣陽王，兄子章為太原王，章弟興為魯王，舂陵侯嫡子祉為城陽王。 |
| | On the Jiawu day (June 17, 25 AD), Liu Liang, his uncle, was enfeoffed as King Guangyang; Liu Zhang, son of his elder brother, as King Taiyuan; Liu Xing, younger brother of Liu Zhang, as King Lu; and Liu Zhi, the legitimate son of Marquis Chongling, as King Chengyang.
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
五月庚辰，封更始元氏王歙為泗水王，故真定王楊子得為真定王，周後姬常為周承休公。 |
| | On the Gengchen day of May (June 23, 25 AD), Emperor Gengshi's Yuan Shi Wang Xi was enfeoffed as Prince Sishui; Yang Zi De, son of former King Zhen Ding, as King Zhen Ding; and Ji Chang, descendant of the Zhou royal family, as Gong Zhou Chengxiu.
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癸未，詔曰：「民有嫁妻賣子欲歸父母者，恣聽之。敢拘執，論如律。」 |
| | On the Guowei day (July 6, 25 AD), an imperial edict stated: "If commoners have wives who were married off or children sold and wish to return to their parents, they shall be allowed to do so freely." Anyone who dares to detain them will be punished according to the law."
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
六月戊戌，立貴人郭氏為皇后，子彊為皇太子，大赦天下。增郎、謁者、從官秩各一等。丙午，封宗子劉終為淄川王。 |
| | On the Wuxu day of June (July 18, 25 AD), Noble Lady Guo was established as empress; her son Liu Qiang was made Crown Prince, and a general pardon was granted throughout the empire. The ranks of Lang officials, Yezhe attendants, and accompanying officials were each elevated by one grade. On the Bingwu day (August 12, 25 AD), Prince Liu Zhong of the imperial clan was enfeoffed as Wang of Zichuan.
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秋八月，帝自將征五校。丙辰，幸內黃，大破五校於羛陽，降之。 |
| | In August of autumn (September 30, 25 AD), the emperor personally led a campaign against the Five Schools rebels. On the Bingchen day (October 10, 25 AD) His Majesty visited Neihuang and decisively defeated the Five Schools rebels at Xiangyang, forcing them to surrender.
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遣游擊將軍鄧隆救朱浮，與彭寵戰於潞，隆軍敗績。 |
| | Yugui Jiangjun Deng Long was dispatched to rescue Zhu Fu; he fought against Peng Chong at Lu, but General Long's forces suffered a crushing defeat.
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蓋延拔睢陽，劉永奔譙。 |
| | Gai Yan captured Suiyang, and Liu Yong fled to Qiao.
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
破虜將軍鄧奉據淯陽反。 |
| | Dalu Jiangjun Deng Feng occupied Yuyang and rebelled.
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
九月壬戌，至自內黃。 |
| | On the Renxu day of September (October 20, 25 AD), His Majesty returned from Neihuang.
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
驃騎大將軍景丹薨。 |
| | General Jing Dan, Biaoqi Da Jiangjun, died.
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
延岑大破赤眉於杜陵。 |
| | Yan Cen decisively defeated the Chimei rebels at Dulang.
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關中饑，民相食。 |
| | There was a famine in Guanzhong, and people resorted to cannibalism.
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冬十一月，以廷尉岑彭為征南大將軍，率八將軍討鄧奉於堵鄉。 |
| | In the eleventh month of winter (December 19, 25 AD), Tingwei Cen Peng was appointed as Jiangnan Da Jiangjun and led eight generals to campaign against Deng Feng at Duliang.
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銅馬、青犢、尤來餘賊共立孫登為天子於上郡。登將樂玄殺登，以其眾五萬餘人降。 |
| | The remaining rebels of the Tongma, Qingtu, and Youlai groups jointly proclaimed Sun Deng as Son of Heaven in Shangjun. Sun Deng's general Le Xuan killed Deng and surrendered with more than 50,000 of his followers.
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遣偏將軍馮異代鄧禹伐赤眉。 |
| | Bianjiangjun Feng Yi was dispatched to replace Deng Yu in the campaign against Chimei rebels.
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使太中大夫伏隆持節安輯青徐二州，招張步降之。 |
| | Taizhong Dafu Fu Long, carrying a symbol of imperial authority, was sent to pacify the two states of Qing and Xu, and he persuaded Zhang Bu to surrender.
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十二月戊午，詔曰：「惟宗室列侯為王莽所廢，先靈無所依歸，朕甚愍之。其並復故國。若侯身已歿，屬所上其子孫見名尚書，封拜。」 |
| | On the Wumu day of December (January 21, 26 AD), an imperial edict was issued: "Those members of the royal clan and marquises who were deposed by Wang Mang have no place to honor their ancestors; I feel deep sympathy for this. Therefore, they shall all be restored to their former fiefs." If the marquis himself has already died, his descendants should report their names through local authorities to the Shangshu Office for enfeoffment and appointment."
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
是歲，蓋延等大破劉永於沛西。初，王莽末，天下旱蝗，黃金一斤易粟一斛；至是野穀旅生，麻缩尤盛，野蠶成繭，被於山阜，人收其利焉。 |
| | In this year, Gai Yan and others decisively defeated Liu Yong west of Pei. At the end of Wang Mang's reign, there was a severe drought and locust plague; one jin of gold could only exchange for one hu of grain. By this time, wild grains sprouted abundantly in the fields; especially abundant was the growth of hemp. Wild silkworms formed cocoons that covered hills and mountains, and people benefited from harvesting them.
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
三年春正月甲子，以偏將軍馮異為征西大將軍，杜茂為驃騎大將軍，大司徒鄧禹及馮異與赤眉戰於回溪，禹、異敗績。 |
| | In the first month of spring, on the Jiazi day (February 14, 26 AD), Bianjiangjun Feng Yi was appointed as Jiangxi Da Jiangjun; Du Mao became Biaoqi Da Jiangjun. Taishitu Deng Yu and Feng Yi fought against Chimei rebels at Huixi, but both Deng Yu and Feng Yi suffered a defeat.
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
征虜將軍祭遵破蠻中，斬張滿。 |
| | Jiangnan Da Jiangjun Jizun defeated the rebels in Manzhong and beheaded Zhang Man.
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
辛巳，立皇考南頓君已上四廟。 |
| | On the Xinsi day (March 1, 26 AD) four ancestral temples of His Majesty's late father, Duke Nandun Jun, were established.
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
壬午，大赦天下。 |
| | On the Renwu day (March 2, 26 AD), a general pardon was declared throughout the empire.
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
閏月乙巳，大司徒鄧禹免。 |
| | On the Yisi day of the intercalary month (April 13, 26 AD), Taishitu Deng Yu was dismissed from office.
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
馮異與赤眉戰於崤底，大破之，餘眾南向宜陽，帝自將征之。己亥，幸宜陽。甲辰，親勒六軍，大陳戎馬，大司馬吳漢精卒當前，中軍次之，驍騎、武衛分陳左右。赤眉望見震怖，遣使乞降。丙午，赤眉君臣面縛，奉高皇帝璽綬，詔以屬城門校尉。戊申，至自宜陽，己酉，詔曰：「群盜縱橫，賊害元元，盆子竊尊號，亂惑天下。朕奮兵討擊，應時崩解，十餘萬眾束手降服，先帝璽綬歸之王府。斯皆祖宗之靈，士人之力，朕曷足以享斯哉！其擇吉日祠高廟，賜天下長子當為父後者爵，人一級。」 |
| | Feng Yi fought against the Chimei rebels at Xiaodi and decisively defeated them; the remaining forces moved south toward Yiyang, prompting the emperor to personally lead a campaign against them. On the Jihai day (May 28, 26 AD), His Majesty visited Yiyang. On the Jicheng day (June 2, 26 AD)， His Majesty personally led the six armies, displaying a grand military formation. Grand Marshal Wu Han's elite troops were stationed at the front, followed by the central army; Xiaojijun and Wubei forces were deployed on the left and right flanks respectively. The Chimei rebels, upon seeing the imposing formation, were greatly frightened and sent envoys to request surrender. On the Bingwu day (June 4, 26 AD ）， the Chimei rebel leaders and their ministers came forward with bound hands, presenting the seal and sash of Emperor Gaozu. The emperor ordered them to be handed over to Chengmen Xiao Wei for custody. On the Wushen day (June 6, 26 AD ） His Majesty returned from Yiyang. On the Jiyou day (June 7, 26 AD ）， an imperial edict was issued: "Bandits have run rampant, harming innocent people; Pensi stole the title of Son of Heaven and caused chaos throughout the land. I raised my troops to suppress them, and they collapsed at once; more than 100,000 surrendered without resistance. The imperial seal and sash of the former emperor have now been returned to the royal palace." This is all due to the blessings of our ancestors and the efforts of my loyal officials. How can I, alone, deserve such success! Therefore, choose a propitious day to hold sacrifices at the temple of Emperor Gaozu and bestow ranks upon all firstborn sons who are designated as heirs by their fathers; each person shall receive one rank."
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
二月己未，祠高廟，受傳國璽。 |
| | On the Jiwei day of February (July 15, 26 AD), sacrifices were offered at the temple of Emperor Gaozhu and the imperial seal was received.
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
劉永立董憲為海西王，張步為齊王。步殺光祿大夫伏隆而反。 |
| | Liu Yong enfeoffed Dong Xian as King Haixi and Zhang Bu as King Qi. Zhang Bu killed Guanglu Dafu Fu Long and rebelled.
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
幸懷。遣吳漢率二將軍擊青犢於軹西，大破降之。 |
| | His Majesty visited Huai. Wu Han was dispatched to lead two generals against the Qingtu rebels west of Zhi, decisively defeating and subduing them.
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
三月壬寅，以大司徒司直伏湛為大司徒。 |
| | On the Renyin day of March (August 25, 26 AD), Dasi Tu Sizhi Fu Zhan was appointed as Taishitu.
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
彭寵陷薊城，寵自立為燕王。 |
| | Peng Chong captured Jicheng and declared himself King Yan.
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
帝自將征鄧奉，幸堵陽。夏四月，大破鄧奉於小長安，斬之。 |
| | The emperor personally led a campaign against Deng Feng and visited Duyang. In the fourth month of summer, the rebels of Deng Feng were decisively defeated at Xiaochangan, where he was killed.
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
馮異與延岑戰於上林，破之。 |
| | Feng Yi fought against Yan Cen at Shanglin and defeated him.
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
吳漢率七將軍與劉永將蘇茂戰於廣樂，大破之。虎牙大將軍蓋延圍劉永於睢陽。 |
| | Wu Han led seven generals to fight Su Mao, a general of Liu Yong, at Guangle, where they decisively defeated him. General Gai Yan, Huyada Jiangjun, besieged Liu Yong in Suiyang.
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
五月己酉，車駕還宮。 |
| | ões On the Jiyou day of May (September 29, 26 AD), the imperial procession returned to the palace.
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
乙卯晦，日有食之。 |
| | On the Yimao Hui day (the last day of May, October 5, 26 AD)), there was a solar eclipse.
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
六月壬戌，大赦天下。 |
| | On the Renxu day in June (October 13, 20 AD), a general pardon was proclaimed throughout the empire.
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
耿弇與延岑戰於穰，大破之。 |
| | Geng Yan fought against Yan Cen at Rang and decisively defeated him.
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
秋七月，征南大將軍岑彭率三將軍伐秦豐，戰於黎丘，大破之，獲其將蔡宏。 |
| | In the seventh month of autumn, Jiangnan Da Jiangjun Cen Peng led three generals to campaign against Qin Feng. They fought at Liqiu and decisively defeated him, capturing his general Cai Hong.
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
庚辰，詔曰：「吏不滿六百石，下至墨綬長、相，有罪先請。男子八十以上，十歲以下，及婦人從坐者，自非不道，詔所名捕，皆不得繫。當驗問者即就驗。女徒雇山歸家。」 |
| | On the Gengchen day (November 16, 27 AD ）， an imperial edict stated: "For officials with ranks below six hundred dan, down to magistrates and county administrators wearing black seals, any punishment for their crimes must first be requested from the emperor. Men aged eighty or above, children under ten years old, and women who are implicated by association shall not be detained unless they commit crimes of treason or are specifically named in an imperial decree for arrest. Those who need to be interrogated should be questioned on the spot. Female convicts may hire someone to carry their sentences so they can return home."
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
蓋延拔睢陽，獲劉永，而蘇茂、周建立永子紆為梁王。 |
| | Gai Yan captured Suiyang and captured Liu Yong, while Su Mao and Zhou Jian declared Liu Yu, son of Liu Yong, as King Liang.
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
冬十月壬申，幸舂陵，祠園廟，因置酒舊宅，大會故人父老。十一月乙未，至自舂陵。 |
| | In the tenth month of winter, on the Renshen day (January 13, 28 AD), His Majesty visited Chongling and offered sacrifices at ancestral temples. He then held a banquet at his former residence, gathering old friends and local elders for a grand reunion. On the Yiwei day of November (February 3, 28 AD) His Majesty returned from Chongling.
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
涿郡太守張豐反。 |
| | Zhuo Jun Tai-shou Zhang Feng rebelled.
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
是歲，李憲自稱天子。西州大將軍隗囂奉奏。建義大將軍朱祐率祭遵與延岑戰於東陽，斬其將張成。 |
| | In this year, Li Xian proclaimed himself Son of Heaven. General Wei Xiao of the Western Commandery submitted official reports to the imperial court. Jianyi Da Jiangjun Zhu You led Jizun in a battle against Yan Cen at Dongyang, where they beheaded his general Zhang Cheng.
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
四年春正月甲申，大赦天下。 |
| | In the first month of spring on the Jiashen day (February 23, 27 AD) a general pardon was issued across the empire.
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
二月壬子，幸懷。壬申，至自懷。 |
| | On the Renzi day in February (March 10, 27 AD)， His Majesty visited Huai. On the Renshen day, His Majesty returned from Huai.
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
遣右將軍鄧禹率二將軍與延岑戰於武當，破之。 |
| | You Jiangjun Deng Yu was dispatched to lead two generals and fight Yan Cen at Wudang, where they defeated him.
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
夏四月丁巳，幸鄴。己巳，進幸臨平。 |
| | In the fourth month of summer on the Dingsi day (May 19, 27 AD), His Majesty visited Ye. On the Jisi day, He proceeded to Linping.
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
遣大司馬吳漢擊五校賊於箕山，大破之。 |
| | Taishima Wu Han was dispatched to attack the Five Schools rebels at Jishan and decisively defeated them.
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
五月，進幸元氏。辛巳，進幸盧奴。 |
| | In May, His Majesty proceeded to Yuanshi. On the Xinsi day, He advanced to Lunu.
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
遣征虜將軍祭遵率四將軍討張豐於涿郡，斬豐。 |
| | Jiangnan Da Jiangjun Ji Zun was dispatched to lead four generals and campaign against Zhang Feng in Zhuo Jun, where they beheaded him.
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
六月辛亥，車駕還宮。 |
| | On the Xinhai day of June (August 23, 29 AD), the imperial procession returned to court.
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
七月丁亥，幸譙。遣捕虜將軍馬武、偏將軍王霸圍劉紆於垂惠。 |
| | On the Dinghai day in July (September 7, 29 AD) His Majesty visited Qiao. Bulu Jiangjun Ma Wu and Bianjiangjun Wang Ba were dispatched to besiege Liu Yu at Chuihui.
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
董憲將賁休以蘭陵城降，憲圍之。虎牙大將軍蓋延率平狄將軍龐萌救賁休，不克，蘭陵為憲所陷。 |
| | Dong Xian's general Bin You surrendered Lanling city, but Dong Xian laid siege to him. Huyada Jiangjun Gai Yan led Pingdi Jiangjun Pang Meng to rescue Bin You, but failed; Lanling was captured by Dong Xian.
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
秋八月戊午，進幸壽春。 |
| | In the eighth month of autumn on the Wuwu day (October 7, 29 AD)， His Majesty proceeded to Shouchun.
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
太中大夫徐惲擅殺臨淮太守劉度，惲坐誅。 |
| | Taizhong Dafu Xu Yun arbitrarily executed Tai-shou Liu Du of Linhuai, and was himself punished to death for his crime.
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
遣揚武將軍馬成率三將軍伐李憲。九月，圍憲於舒。 |
| | Yangwu Jiangjun Ma Cheng was dispatched to lead three generals in a campaign against Li Xian. In September, they surrounded Li Xian at Shu.
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
冬十月甲寅，車駕還宮。 |
| | On the Jiayin day of October (November 21, 30 AD), the imperial procession returned to palace.
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
太傅卓茂薨。 |
| | Tai Fu Zhuo Mao died.
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
十一月丙申，幸宛。遣建義大將軍朱祐率二將軍圍秦豐於黎丘。十二月丙寅，進幸黎丘。 |
| | On the Bingshen day of November (December 23, 30 AD) His Majesty went to Wan. Jianyi Dajiangjun Zhu You was dispatched to lead two generals in besieging Qin Feng at Liqiu. On the Bingyin day of December (January 21, 31 AD), His Majesty proceeded to Liqiu.
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
是歲，征西大將軍馮異與公孫述將程焉戰於陳倉，破之。 |
| | In this year, Zhengxi Dajiangjun Feng Yi fought against Cheng Yan, a general of Gongsun Shu, at Chen Cang and defeated him.
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
五年春正月癸巳，車駕還宮。 |
| | In the first month of spring on the Kesi day (February 13, 32 AD), the imperial procession returned to the palace.
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
二月丙午，大赦天下。 |
| | On the Bingwu day in February (March 7, 32 AD) a general pardon was granted throughout the empire.
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
捕虜將軍馬武、偏將軍王霸拔垂惠。 |
| | Bulu Jiangjun Ma Wu and Bianshuai Wang Ba captured Chuihui city.
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
乙丑，幸魏郡。 |
| | On the Yichou day (April 1, 32 AD)， His Majesty went to Wei Jun.
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
壬申，封殷後孔安為殷紹嘉公。 |
| | On the Renshen day (April 8, 32 AD), Kong An, descendant of the Yin royal family, was enfeoffed as the Duke Yinzhaogong.
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
彭寵為其蒼頭所殺，漁陽平。 |
| | Peng Chong was killed by his chavatou (a personal attendant or slave), and Yu Yang was pacified.
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
大司馬吳漢率建威大將軍耿弇擊富平、獲索賊於 |
| | Dashi Ma Wu Han led Jianwei Dajiangjun Geng Yan to attack the Fu Ping and Huosuo bandits at
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
平原，大破降之。復遣耿弇率二將軍討張步。 |
| | Pingyuan, defeating them decisively and bringing about their surrender. He was again dispatched to lead two generals to campaign against Zhang Bu.
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
三月癸未，徙廣陽王良為趙王，始就國。 |
| | In the third month on the Gweiwei day (April 2, 32 AD), Guangyang Wang Liang was transferred to be King of Zhao and began his rule in his fief.
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
平狄將軍龐萌反，殺楚郡太守孫萌而東附董憲。 |
| | Pingdi Jiangjun Pang Meng rebelled, killing Tai-shou Sun Meng of Chu Jun and then joining Dong Xian in the east.
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
遣征南大將軍岑彭率二將軍伐田戎於津鄉，大破之。 |
| | Zhengnan Dajiangjun Cen Peng was dispatched to lead two generals against Tian Rong at Jin Xiang, and defeated him decisively.
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
夏四月，旱，蝗。 |
| | In the fourth month of summer, there were droughts and locust plagues.
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
河西大將軍竇融始遣使貢獻。 |
| | Xihedajiangjun Dou Rong first sent envoys to present tribute.
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
五月丙子，詔曰：「久旱傷麥，秋種未下，朕甚憂之。將殘吏未勝，獄多冤結，元元愁恨，感動天氣乎？其令中都官、三輔、郡、國出繫囚，罪非犯殊死一切勿案，見徒免為庶人。務進柔良，退貪酷，各正厥事焉。」 |
| | On the Bingzi day of May (June 10, 32 AD), an edict was issued stating: "The prolonged drought has damaged the wheat crop and autumn planting has not yet begun; this greatly concerns me. Are corrupt officials still in power, leading to many unjust cases and imprisonments? Have the grievances of my people caused such disturbances in the heavens?" Therefore, I order all central government offices, Sanfu, commanderies, and kingdoms to release detained prisoners. For those whose crimes do not involve capital punishment, no further investigation shall be conducted; currently imprisoned convicts are hereby pardoned and restored as commoners. "Strive to promote the kind and gentle, remove the greedy and cruel, and each shall properly perform their duties."
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
六月，建義大將軍朱祐拔黎丘，獲秦豐；而龐萌、蘇茂圍桃城。帝時幸蒙，因自將征之。先理兵任城，乃進救桃城，大破萌等。 |
| | In June, Jianyi Dajiangjun Zhu You captured Liqiu city and took Qin Feng prisoner; meanwhile Pang Meng and Su Mao laid siege to Taosheng. At that time, the Emperor was visiting Meng, so he personally led an expedition against them. First organizing his troops in Rencheng, His Majesty then advanced to relieve the siege of Taosheng and decisively defeated Pang Meng et al.
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
秋七月丁丑，幸沛，祠高原廟。詔修復西京園陵。進幸湖陵，征董憲。又幸蕃，遂攻董憲於昌慮，大破之。 |
| | In autumn on the Dingchou day of July (August 18, 32 AD) His Majesty visited Pei and paid homage at Gaoyuan Temple. An edict was issued ordering the restoration of tombs and gardens in the former western capital. His Majesty proceeded to Huling to campaign against Dong Xian. He then visited Fan, and subsequently attacked Dong Xian at Changlv, decisively defeating him.
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
八月己酉，進幸郯，留吳漢攻劉紆、董憲等，車駕轉徇彭城、下邳。吳漢拔郯，獲劉紆，漢進圍董憲、龐萌於朐。 |
| | On the Jiyou day of August (September 19, 32 AD), His Majesty advanced to Tan, leaving Wu Han to attack Liu Yu and Dong Xian et al., while the imperial procession moved on to tour Pengcheng and Xiapi. Wu Han captured Tan and captured Liu Yu; Wu Han then advanced to besiege Dong Xian and Pang Meng at Qiu.
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
冬十月，還，幸魯，使大司空祠孔子。 |
| | In the tenth month of winter, His Majesty returned, visited Lu, and ordered Daskong to perform a sacrifice to Confucius.
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
耿弇等與張步戰於臨淄，大破之。帝幸臨淄，進幸劇。張步斬蘇茂以降，齊地平。 |
| | Geng Yan et al. fought against Zhang Bu at Linzi and decisively defeated him. The Emperor visited Linzi, then proceeded to Ju. Zhang Bu beheaded Su Mao and surrendered; the region of Qi was pacified.
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
初起太學。車駕還宮，幸太學，賜博士弟子各有差。 |
| | The Taixue (Imperial Academy) was first established. His Majesty returned to the palace, visited the Taixue, and bestowed rewards of varying degrees upon the bo shi (doctorial scholars) and their disciples.
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
十一月壬寅，大司徒伏湛免，尚書令侯霸為大司徒。 |
| | On the Renyin day in November (December 17, 32 AD), Daskitu Fu Zhan was dismissed from office and Shangshuliu Hou Ba was appointed as the new Daskitu.
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
十二月，盧芳自稱天子於九原。 |
| | In December, Lu Fang proclaimed himself emperor in Jiuyuan.
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
西州大將軍隗囂子恂入侍。 |
| | Xizhou Dajiangjun Wei Xiao's son Wei Xun entered court to serve as an attendant.
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
交阯牧鄧讓率七郡太守遣使奉貢。 |
| | The Inspector of Jiaozhi, Deng Rang, led Tai-shou from seven commanderies and sent envoys to offer tribute.
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
詔復濟陽二年傜役。 |
| | An edict was issued restoring the corvée labor of Ji Yang for two years.
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| | 光武帝紀... : |
是歲，野穀漸少，田畝益廣焉。 |
| | In this year, wild grains gradually decreased and cultivated fields expanded further.
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