| | 顯宗孝明... : |
顯宗孝明皇帝諱莊，光武第四子也。母陰皇后。帝生而豐下，十歲能通春秋，光武奇之。建武十五年封東海公，十七年進爵為王，十九年立為皇太子。師事博士桓榮，學通尚書。 |
| | Xianzong Xiaoming Huangdi, given name Zhuang, was the fourth son of Guangwu. His mother was Empress Yin. The emperor had a broad face from birth, and at the age of ten he could understand The Spring and Autumn Annals; Guangwu was amazed by him. In the fifteenth year of Jianwu, he was enfeoffed as Gong of Donghai; in the seventeenth year, his title was elevated to Wang; and in the nineteenth year, he was established as Crown Prince. He studied under Doctor Huan Rong, and mastered The Book of Documents.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
中元二年二月戊戌，即皇帝位，年三十。尊皇后曰皇太后。 |
| | On the Wuxu day of the second month in the second year of Zhongyuan, he ascended to the imperial throne at the age of thirty. The empress was honored as Empress Dowager.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
三月丁卯，葬光武皇帝於原陵。有司奏上尊廟曰世祖。 |
| | On the Dingmao day of the third month, Emperor Guangwu was buried in Yuanling. The officials submitted a proposal to bestow the temple name Shizu on him.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
夏四月丙辰，詔曰：「予末小子，奉承聖業，夙夜震畏，不敢荒寧。先帝受命中興，德侔帝王，協和萬邦，假於上下，懷柔百神，惠於鰥寡。朕承大運，繼體守文，不知稼穡之艱難，懼有廢失。聖恩遺戒，顧重天下，以元元為首。公卿百僚，將何以輔朕不逮？其賜天下男子爵，人二級；三老、孝悌、力田人三級；爵過公乘，得移與子若同產、同產子；及流人無名數欲自占者人一級；鰥、寡、孤、獨、篤缮粟，人十斛。其施刑及郡國徒，在中元元年四月己卯赦前所犯而後捕繫者，悉免其刑。又邊人遭亂為內郡人妻，在己卯赦前，一切遣還邊，恣其所樂。中二千石下至黃綬，貶秩贖論者，悉皆復秩還贖。方今上無天子，下無方伯，若涉淵水而無舟楫。夫萬乘至重而壯者慮輕，實賴有德左右小子。高密侯禹元功之首，東平王蒼寬博有謀，並可以受六尺之託，臨大節而不撓。其以禹為太傅，蒼為驃騎將軍。太尉憙告謚南郊，司徒訢奉安梓宮，司空魴將校復土。其封憙為節鄉侯，訢為安鄉侯，魴為楊邑侯。」 |
| | In summer, on the Bingchen day of the fourth month, an edict was issued: "I, this humble and young one, have inherited the sacred cause. Day and night I am filled with awe and fear, daring not to indulge in idleness or peace. The late emperor was entrusted by Heaven with the revival of our dynasty, his virtue equaling that of emperors and kings. He harmonized all nations, received blessings from above and below, pacified a hundred deities, and showed kindness to widowers and widows. I have inherited the great mandate, continuing the legacy as a ruler who upholds culture rather than waging war. I do not know the hardships of farming and harvesting, and fear that there may be neglect or mistakes. The late emperor's benevolent grace and legacy instructions emphasized the importance of the world, placing the common people first. Ministers and officials, how can you assist me in areas where I fall short?" Therefore, bestow a rank of nobility upon every man throughout the empire, two ranks per person; three ranks for Sanlao, filial and fraternal individuals, and those who diligently cultivate their fields; those whose rank exceeds Gongcheng may transfer it to their sons or full siblings' children; and one rank for those stateless individuals without official records who wish to register themselves; Ten hu of millet shall be given to widowers, widows, orphans, the elderly without children, and those with serious illnesses. Those who were sentenced to corporal punishment or imprisonment in the commanderies and states, whose crimes were committed before the Jiyou day of the fourth month in the first year of Zhongyuan but were captured and detained afterward, shall all be exempted from their punishments. Furthermore, those border people who had been taken in disorder to become wives of residents in the interior commanderies before the Jiyou day shall all be sent back to the borders, allowing them to pursue their own happiness. All officials ranked Zhong Erqianshi down to those with Huangshou, who had been demoted or punished by fines for their offenses, shall have their ranks restored and the fines returned. Nowadays, above there is no Son of Heaven, below there are no regional lords; it is like crossing a deep river without boats or rafts. The imperial throne is extremely important, yet the young and vigorous may act recklessly; it truly relies on virtuous men to assist this humble ruler. Gao Mi Hou Yu was the foremost among those who rendered great service; Dongping Wang Cang is broad-minded and strategic. Both can be entrusted with the responsibility of six chi, remaining steadfast in times of critical junctures. Therefore, appoint Yu as Taifu and Cang as Piaoqi Jiangjun. Taivue Xi announced the posthumous title at Naijiao, Siku Xu escorted and placed the coffin in its resting place, Sikong Fang led the troops to return it to the earth. Therefore, enfeoff Xi as Jieliang Hou, Xu as Anxiang Hou, and Fang as Yangyi Hou."
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
秋九月，燒當羌寇隴西，敗郡兵於允街。赦隴西囚徒，減罪一等，勿收今年租調。又所發天水三千人，亦復是歲更賦。遣謁者張鴻討叛羌於允吾，鴻軍大敗，戰歿。冬十一月，遣中郎將竇固監捕虜將軍馬武等二將軍討燒當羌。 |
| | In autumn, on the ninth month, Shaochang Qiang raided Longxi and defeated the local troops at Yunjie. Grant amnesty to prisoners in Longxi, reduce their crimes by one degree, and do not collect this year's taxes or levies. Also, the 3,000 people conscripted from Tianshui shall be exempt from their annual corvée labor for this year. Sent Yezhe Zhang Hong to campaign against the rebellious Qiang at Yunwu; Hong's army was heavily defeated, and he died in battle. In winter, on the eleventh month, sent Zhonglangjiang Dou Gu to supervise General Ma Wu and another general as they campaigned against Shaochang Qiang.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
十二月甲寅，詔曰：「方春戒節，人以耕桑。其敕有司務順時氣，使無煩擾。天下亡命殊死以下，聽得贖論：死罪入縑二十匹，右趾至髡鉗城旦舂十匹，完城旦舂至司寇作三匹。其未發覺，詔書到先自告者，半入贖。今選舉不實，邪佞未去，權門請託，殘吏放手，百姓愁怨，情無告訴。有司明奏罪名，并正舉者。又郡縣每因徵發，輕為姦利，詭責羸弱，先急下貧。其務在均平，無令枉刻。」 |
| | On the Jiyin day of the twelfth month, an edict was issued: "Now is the season to prepare for spring; people should be engaged in farming and sericulture. Therefore, order the officials to ensure that all matters follow the seasonal climate, so as not to cause disturbances or troubles. All those who have fled from justice, with crimes ranging below death by strangulation, may be allowed to redeem their sentences: for capital punishment, twenty bolts of silk; for crimes punishable by amputation of the right foot down to 髡钳城旦舂, ten bolts; and for crimes down to servitude as a Chengdan Chong or Siku Zuo, three bolts. Those who have not yet been discovered and who confess themselves before the arrival of this edict may pay half the redemption amount. Now, the selection and recommendation system is not genuine; wicked flatterers have not been removed. Powerful families make requests for favors, corrupt officials act with impunity, and the people are distressed and resentful, having no recourse to appeal their grievances. The officials shall clearly report the crimes involved, and hold both the offenders and those responsible for the recommendations accountable. Moreover, commanderies and counties often take advantage of conscriptions to act corruptly, falsely imposing burdens on the weak and frail, and first pressuring the poor. Their duty must be fairness and balance; do not allow unjust levies or harsh treatment."
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
永平元年春正月，帝率公卿已下朝於原陵，如元會儀。 |
| | In the first month of spring in the first year of Yongping, the emperor led ministers and officials to pay homage at Yuanling, following the ceremony of the New Year's audience.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
夏五月，太傅鄧禹薨。 |
| | In summer, on the fifth month, Taifu Deng Yu died.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
戊寅，東海王彊薨，遣司空馮魴持節視喪事，賜升龍旄頭、鑾輅、龍旂。 |
| | On the Wuyin day, Donghai Wang Qiang died; Sikong Feng Fang was sent with an imperial token to oversee funeral arrangements and was granted a dragon-standard flagpole, a decorated carriage, and a dragon banner.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
六月乙卯，葬東海恭王。 |
| | On the Yimao day of the sixth month, the Duke Gong of Donghai was buried.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
秋七月，捕虜將軍馬武等與燒當羌戰，大破之。募士卒戍隴右，賜錢人三萬。 |
| | In autumn, on the seventh month, General Ma Wu and others defeated Shaochang Qiang in battle. Recruit soldiers to garrison Longyou, granting 30,000 coins per person as a reward.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
八月戊子，徙山陽王荊為廣陵王，遣就國。 |
| | On the Wuzi day of the eighth month, Shanyang Wang Jing was transferred to become Guangling Wang and sent to his fief.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
是歲，遼東太守祭肜使鮮卑擊赤山烏桓，大破之，斬其渠帥。越巂姑復夷叛，州郡討平之。 |
| | In this year, the governor of Liaodong, Jia Rong, sent the Xianbei to attack the Chishan Wuhuan; they were heavily defeated and their chieftain was beheaded. The Guifu Yi of Yuegong rebelled, but the regional authorities suppressed them and restored peace.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
二年春正月辛末，宗祀光武皇帝於明堂，帝及公卿列侯始服冠冕、衣裳、玉佩、絇屨以行事。禮畢，登靈臺。使尚書令持節詔驃騎將軍、三公曰：「今令月吉日，宗祀光武皇帝於明堂，以配五帝。禮備法物，樂和八音，詠祉福，舞功德，其班時令，敕群后。事畢，升靈臺，望元氣，吹時律，觀物變。群僚藩輔，宗室子孫，眾郡奉計，百蠻貢職，烏桓、濊貊咸來助祭，單于侍子、骨都侯亦皆陪位。斯固聖祖功德之所致也。朕以闇陋，奉承大業，親執珪璧，恭祀天地。仰惟先帝受命中興，撥亂反正，以寧天下，封泰山，建明堂，立辟雍，起靈臺，恢弘大道，被之八極；而胤子無成康之質，群臣無呂旦之謀，盥洗進爵，踧踖惟慚。素性頑鄙，臨事益懼，故『君子坦蕩蕩，小人長戚戚』。其令天下自殊死已下，謀反大逆，皆赦除之。百僚師尹，其勉修厥職，順行時令，敬若昊天，以綏兆人。」 |
| | In the first month of spring, on the Xinwei day in the second year, ancestral rites were performed for Emperor Guangwu at Mingtang. The emperor and ministers, as well as marquises, began to wear ceremonial caps, crowns, robes, jade pendants, and embroidered shoes during the ceremony. After the rites were completed, they ascended Lingtai. The emperor sent the Shangshu Ling with an imperial token to summon Piaoqi Jiangjun and the Three Dukes, saying: "Today is a favorable day of this auspicious month; we have performed ancestral rites for Emperor Guangwu in Mingtang, matching him with the Five Emperors. All ritual objects and ceremonial items are complete; music harmonizes the eight tones, songs praise blessings, dances depict virtue and merit. Now issue timely decrees and command all officials." After the ceremony was completed, they ascended Lingt'ai to observe the primordial qi, sounded the seasonal pitch pipes, and observed changes in nature. Ministers, vassal lords, and descendants of the imperial family, as well as officials from all commanderies submitting reports, barbarian tribes offering tribute, Wuhuan and Huimo all came to assist in the sacrifice; Chanyu's son-in-law and Gudu Hou also attended. This is indeed a result of the virtue and merit of our holy ancestor. I, being obscure and unlearned, have inherited this great cause, personally holding jade tablets to solemnly worship Heaven and Earth. Looking up to the late emperor, who was entrusted by Heaven to revive our dynasty, he quelled chaos and restored order, bringing peace to the world. He sealed Mount Tai, built Mingtang, established Biyong, constructed Lingtai, expanded the great Way, and extended it across all directions; yet my descendants lack the virtue of Cheng and Kang, and my ministers lack the wisdom of Lu Dan. As I wash my hands and present offerings, I feel only embarrassment and unease. My nature is stubborn and vulgar; as matters arise, my fear increases. Hence the saying: "A gentleman is broad-minded, while a petty person is always anxious." Therefore, issue an order to all under Heaven: for crimes ranging from death by strangulation downward, including treason and great rebellion, they shall all be pardoned and removed. All officials and ministers should diligently perform their duties, follow the seasonal decrees, revere Heaven as they would a great sky, to bring peace to all people."
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
三月，臨辟雍，初行大射禮。 |
| | In March, he visited Biyong and performed the grand archery ceremony for the first time.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
秋九月，沛王輔、楚王英、濟南王康、淮陽王延、東海王政來朝。 |
| | In autumn, on the ninth month: Pei Wang Fu, Chu Wang Ying, Jining Wang Kang, Huaiyang Wang Yan, and Donghai Wang Zheng came to court.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
冬十月壬子，幸辟雍，初行養老禮。詔曰：「光武皇帝建三朝之禮，而未及臨饗。眇眇小子，屬當聖業。閒暮春吉辰，初行大射；令月元日，復踐辟雍。尊事三老，兄事五更，安車狈輪，供綏執授。侯王設醬，公卿饌珍，朕親袒割，執爵而酳。祝哽在前，祝噎在後。升歌鹿鳴，下管新宮，八佾具脩，萬舞於庭。朕固薄德，何以克當？易陳負乘，詩刺彼己，永念慚疚，無忘厥心。三老李躬，年耆學明。五更桓榮，授朕尚書。《》曰：『無德不報，無言不酬。』其賜榮爵關內侯，食邑五千戶。三老、五更皆以二千石祿養終厥身。其賜天下三老酒人一石，肉四十斤。有司其存耆环，恤幼孤，惠鰥寡，稱朕意焉。」 |
| | In winter, on the tenth month, on the Renzi day, he visited Biyong, where the ceremony honoring the elderly was performed for the first time. An edict stated: "Emperor Guangwu established rites for three palaces, but did not have the opportunity to personally attend them. This humble and insignificant one now inherits this sacred cause. On a favorable day in late spring, the grand archery rite was performed for the first time; On the first day of this auspicious month, I once again visited Biyong. With reverence, treat Sanlao as honored elders and regard Wugeng as elder brothers; provide them with carriages on padded wheels, and offer guidance and instruction. Marquises and kings prepared sauces, while the Three Dukes and ministers presented delicacies; I personally removed my upper garment to cut meat, holding a cup of wine for them. Wishes were expressed before and after: may there be no obstruction in the throat, nor choking when swallowing. Songs of "Luming" were sung above; below, flutes played at Xingong. The eight rows of dancers performed in order, and thousands danced in the courtyard. I am truly lacking virtue—how can I be worthy? The Yi warns of those who ride without merit, and the Shi criticizes self-centeredness. I will forever remember my shame and guilt, never forgetting this lesson in my heart. Sanlao Li Gong was an elderly man with profound learning. Wugeng Huan Rong taught me The Book of Documents. The Shi says: "No virtue goes unrewarded, no word goes unanswered." Therefore, bestow Huan Rong with the title Guannei Hou and grant him 5,000 households as his fief. Sanlao and Wugeng shall both be granted a salary of Erqianshi for the rest of their lives. Therefore, grant each Sanlao throughout the empire one dan of wine and forty jin of meat. The officials should care for the elderly, show compassion to orphans, and provide kindness to widows and widowers, in accordance with my wishes."
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
中山王焉始就國。 |
| | Zhongshan Wang Yan began his journey to his fief.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
甲子，西巡狩，幸長安，祠高廟，遂有事於十一陵。歷覽館邑，會郡縣吏，勞賜作樂。十一月甲申，遣使者以中牢祠蕭何、霍光。帝謁陵園，過式其墓。進幸河東，所過賜二千石、令長已下至於掾史，各有差。癸卯，車駕還宮。 |
| | On the Jiazi day, he conducted a western inspection tour, visiting Chang'an, where he paid homage at Gao Miao and performed rites at the eleven mausoleums. He visited various halls and towns, met with officials from commanderies and counties, and rewarded them while holding musical performances. On the Jia Shen day of the eleventh month, envoys were sent to offer medium sacrifices at the shrines of Xiao He and Huo Guang. The emperor visited the mausoleum complex and passed by their tombs, paying respects. He then proceeded to Hedong, where along the way he bestowed gifts upon officials ranked Erqianshi and below, including magistrates and clerks, with distinctions according to their ranks. On the Gaimao day, the imperial procession returned to the palace.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
十二月，護羌校尉竇林下獄死。 |
| | In December, Huqiang Jiao Wei Dou Lin was imprisoned and died.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
是歲，始迎氣於五郊。少府陰就子豐殺其妻酈邑公主，就坐自殺。 |
| | In this year, ceremonies were first held at the five suburbs to welcome the seasonal qi. Shaofu Yin Jiu's son Yin Feng killed his wife, Princess Liyi, and Jiu committed suicide as punishment.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
三年春正月癸巳，詔曰：「朕奉郊祀，登靈臺，見史官，正儀度。夫春者，歲之始也。始得其正，則三時有成。比者水旱不節，邊人食寡，政失於上，人受其咎。有司其勉順時氣，勸督農桑，去其螟蜮，以及蝥賊；詳刑慎罰，明察單辭，夙夜匪懈，以稱朕意。」 |
| | In the first month of spring on the Guisi day in the third year, an edict was issued: "I have performed sacrifices at the suburbs and ascended Lingtai; I have consulted with historians to correct rituals and measurements. Spring is the beginning of the year. If one begins with correctness, then the three seasons will yield success. Recently, floods and droughts have occurred without regularity; border people suffer from food shortages. The fault lies in the governance above, and the common people bear the consequences. Therefore, officials should diligently follow seasonal conditions, encourage farming and sericulture, eliminate pests such as mingshu and maocai; administer punishments carefully, scrutinize single testimonies thoroughly, and work diligently day and night to meet my expectations."
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
二月甲寅，太尉趙憙、司徒李訢免。丙辰，左馮翊郭丹為司徒。己未，南陽太守虞延為太尉。 |
| | On the Jiyin day in February, Taivue Zhao Xi and Sikou Li Xin were dismissed. On the Bingchen day, Guo Dan of Zuofengyi was appointed as Sikou. On the Gweiwu day, Yu Yan, Taishou of Nanyang, became Taivue.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
甲子，立貴人馬氏為皇后，皇子炟為皇太子。賜天下男子爵，人二級；三老、孝悌、力田人三級；流人無名數欲占者人一級；鰥、寡、孤、獨、篤缮、貧不能自存者粟，人五斛。 |
| | On the Jiazi day, Noble Lady Ma was established as empress, and Crown Prince Da was made heir apparent to the throne. The emperor bestowed ranks of nobility upon all men in the empire; two ranks per person; three ranks for Sanlao, filial sons and brothers, and those who diligently cultivate fields; one rank for displaced people without official records who wish to register; five hu of grain were given to widowers, widows, orphans, the elderly without family, those with serious illnesses, and the poor who could not support themselves.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
夏四月辛酉，封皇子建為千乘王，羨為廣平王。 |
| | In summer on the Xinyou day of the fourth month, Crown Prince Jian was enfeoffed as Qiansheng Wang and Xian as Guangping Wang.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
六月丁卯，有星孛于天船北。 |
| | On the Dingmao day of the sixth month, a comet appeared north of Tianchuan.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
秋八月戊辰，改大樂為大予樂。 |
| | In autumn on the Wuchen day of the eighth month, Daliye was renamed Dayu Yue.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
壬申晦，日有蝕之。詔曰：「朕奉承祖業，無有善政。日月薄蝕，彗孛見天，水旱不節，稼穡不成，人無宿儲，下生愁墊。雖夙夜勤思，而智能不逮。昔楚莊無災，以致戒懼；魯哀禍大，天不降譴。今之動變，儻尚可救。有司勉思厥職，以匡無德。古者卿士獻詩，百工箴諫。其言事者，靡有所諱。」 |
| | On the Renshen day at the end of the month, there was a solar eclipse. An edict stated: "I have inherited my ancestors' legacy but have not achieved good governance. Solar and lunar eclipses occur, comets appear in the sky; floods and droughts are irregular, crops fail to mature, people have no stored provisions, and commoners suffer from distress. Although I think diligently day and night, my wisdom is insufficient. In the past, Lord Zhuang of Chu had no calamities but still remained cautious; Duke Ai of Lu suffered great misfortune, yet Heaven did not send punishment. Now these changes and disturbances may still be salvaged. Officials should diligently consider their duties to assist in correcting my lack of virtue. In ancient times, high officials presented poems and artisans offered advice. Those who speak on affairs should not hold back anything."
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
冬十月，蒸祭光武廟，初奏文始、五行、武德之舞。 |
| | In winter in the tenth month, a zeng sacrifice was performed at Guangwu Temple; for the first time, the Wen Shi, Wu Xing, and Wude dances were presented.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
甲子，車駕從皇太后幸章陵，觀舊廬。十二月戊辰，至自章陵。 |
| | On the Jiazi day of this year, the emperor accompanied Empress Dowager to visit Zhangling, where he viewed the old dwellings. In December on the Wuchen day, they returned from Zhangling.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
是歲，起北宮及諸官府。京師及郡國七大水。 |
| | In this year, Beigong and various government offices were constructed. There was a great flood in the capital city and seven commanderies and states.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
四年春二月辛亥，詔曰：「朕親耕藉田，以祈農事。京師冬無宿雪，春不燠沐，煩勞群司，積精禱求。而比再得時雨，宿麥潤澤。其賜公卿半奉。有司勉遵時政，務平刑罰。」 |
| | In spring on the Xinhai day of the second month in the fourth year, an edict stated: "I have personally tilled the jietian fields to pray for a good harvest. Last winter, there was no snow in the capital; this spring has been neither warm nor moist. I have burdened all officials and accumulated efforts to pray for relief. Recently, timely rains have fallen again, nourishing the overwintering wheat with moisture. Therefore, I shall grant half of their salaries to the high officials and ministers. Officials should diligently follow proper governance and ensure fair administration of punishments."
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
秋九月戊寅，千乘王建薨。 |
| | In autumn on the Wuyin day of the ninth month, Qiansheng Wang Jian died.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
冬十月乙卯，司徒郭丹、司空馮魴免。丙辰，河南尹范遷為司徒，太僕伏恭為司空。 |
| | In winter on the Yimao day of the tenth month, Sikou Guo Dan and Sikong Feng Fang were dismissed from office. On the Bingchen day, Fan Qian of Henan Yin was appointed as Sikou and Taifu Fu Gong became Sikong.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
十二月，陵鄉侯梁松下獄死。 |
| | In December, Lingxiang Hou Liang Song died in prison.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
五年春二月庚戌，驃騎將軍東平王蒼罷歸藩；琅邪王京就國。 |
| | In spring on the Gengxu day of the second month of the fifth year, Biaoqi Jiangjun Dongping Wang Cang was dismissed and returned to his fief; Langya Wang Jing went to his fief.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
冬十月，行幸鄴。與趙王栩會鄴。常山三老言於帝曰：「上生於元氏，願蒙優復。」詔曰：「豐、沛、濟陽，受命所由，加恩報德，適其宜也。今永平之政，百姓怨結，而吏人求復，令人愧笑，重逆此縣之拳拳，其復元氏縣田租更賦六歲，勞賜縣掾史，及門闌走卒。」至自鄴。 |
| | In winter in the tenth month, he made a tour of Ye. He met with Zhao Wang Xu at Ye. The Sanlao of Changshan said to the emperor: "Your Majesty was born in Yuanshi; we wish for special exemptions and benefits." An edict stated: "Feng, Pei, and Ji Yang were the places from which I received my mandate; bestowing grace to repay virtue is entirely appropriate. Now, under the rule of Yongping, the people harbor resentment and grievances; yet officials request exemptions. This is both a source of shame and ridicule. I deeply appreciate the sincerity of this county's petitioners. Therefore, the land tax and additional levies for Yuanshi Xian will be suspended for six years. Rewards shall also be given to the xian yuanshi and gatekeepers." He returned from Ye.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
十一月，北匈奴寇五原；十二月，寇雲中，南單于擊卻之。 |
| | In November, the Northern Xiongnu raided Wuyuan; in December they raided Yunzhong, but were repelled by Nan Chanyu.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
是歲，發遣邊人在內郡者，賜裝錢人二萬。 |
| | In this year, those border people who had been relocated to interior commanderies were sent back and each was granted 20,000 coins for travel expenses.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
六年春正月，沛王輔、楚王英、東平王蒼、淮陽王延、琅邪王京、東海王政、趙王盱、北海王興、齊王石來朝。 |
| | In spring in the first month of the sixth year, Pei Wang Fu, Chu Wang Ying, Dongping Wang Cang, Huaiyang Wang Yan, Langya Wang Jing, Donghai Wang Zheng, Zhao Wang Xu, Beihai Wang Xing, and Qi Wang Shi came to court.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
二月，王雒山出寶鼎，廬江太守獻之。夏四月甲子，詔曰：「昔禹收九牧之金，鑄鼎以象物，使人知神姦，不逢惡氣。遭德則興，遷于商、周；周德既衰，鼎乃淪亡。祥瑞之降，以應有德。方今政化多僻，何以致茲？易曰鼎象三公，豈公卿奉職得其理邪？太常其以礿祭之日，陳鼎於廟，以備器用。賜三公帛五十匹，九卿、二千石半之。先帝詔書，禁人上事言聖，而閒者章奏頗多浮詞，自今若有過稱虛譽，尚書皆宜抑而不省，示不為諂子蚩也。」 |
| | In February, a precious tripod emerged from Wanglei Shan; the Taishou of Lujiang presented it as an offering. In summer on the Jiazi day of the fourth month, an edict stated: "Long ago, Yu collected metal from the nine regions and cast tripods to represent things; this enabled people to recognize divine forces and avoid evil influences. When virtuous rulers reigned, they flourished, passing through the Shang and Zhou dynasties; when virtue declined in the Zhou dynasty, the tripods were lost. Ominous or auspicious signs appear to correspond with those who possess virtue. At present, governance and moral influence are often misguided; how then can such a thing have occurred? The Yijing says the tripod symbolizes the three dukes. Could it be that high officials and ministers are fulfilling their duties properly? The Taichang should, on the day of yue sacrifices, display the tripod in the temple to serve as ceremonial equipment. Grant fifty bolts of silk to the three dukes and half that amount to the nine high officials and those holding posts with a rank of 2,000 dou. The late emperor's edict forbade people from submitting petitions that claimed sainthood. Yet recently, many memorials have contained excessive and exaggerated language. From now on, if any submissions contain overpraise or false praise, the Shangshu should suppress them without review to demonstrate disapproval of flattery."
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
冬十月，行幸魯，祠東海恭王陵；會沛王輔、楚王英、濟南王康、東平王蒼、淮陽王延、琅邪王京、東海王政。十二月，還，幸陽城，遣使者祠中岳。壬午，車駕還宮。東平王蒼、琅邪王京從駕來朝皇太后。 |
| | In winter in October, he made a tour to Lu and paid homage at the mausoleum of Gong Wang of Donghai; meeting with Pei Wang Fu, Chu Wang Yi, Jinan Wang Kang, Dongping Wang Cang, Huiyang Wang Yan, Langya King Jing, and Donghai King Zheng. In December, he returned and visited Yangcheng, sending envoys to perform sacrifices at the Central Peak. On the Renwu day, the emperor's procession returned to the palace. Dongping Wang Cang and Langya King Jing followed the imperial procession to court Empress Dowager.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
七年春正月癸卯，皇太后陰氏崩。二月庚申，葬光烈皇后。 |
| | In spring on the Guimo day of the first month in the seventh year, Empress Dowager Yin passed away. On the Genshen day in February, Guanglie Huanghou was buried.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
秋八月戊辰，北海王興薨。 |
| | In autumn on the Wuchen day in August, Beihai Wang Xing died.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
是歲，北匈奴遣使乞和親。 |
| | In this year, the Northern Xiongnu sent envoys to request a marriage alliance.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
八年春正月己卯，司徒范遷薨。三月辛卯，太尉虞延為司徒，衛尉趙憙行太尉事。 |
| | In spring on the Jimou day of the first month in Year Eight, Sikou Fan Qian died. On the Xinmou day in March, Taiwei Yu Yan became Sikou, and Weiwei Zhao Xi assumed the duties of Taiwei.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
遣越騎司馬鄭眾報使北匈奴。初置度遼將軍，屯五原曼柏。 |
| | An envoy was sent: Zheng Zhong, a Shima of Yueqi, returned to serve as an ambassador to the Northern Xiongnu. The position of Duliaojiangjun was first established, with troops stationed at Manbo in Wuyuan.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
秋，郡國十四雨水。 |
| | In autumn, fourteen commanderies and states experienced heavy rains.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
冬十月，北宮成。 |
| | In winter in October, Beigong was completed.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
丙子，臨辟雍，養三老、五更。禮畢，詔三公募郡國中都官死罪繫囚，減罪一等，勿笞，詣度遼將軍營，屯朔方、五原之邊縣；妻子自隨，便占著邊縣；父母同產欲相代者，恣聽之。其大逆無道殊死者，一切募下蠶室。亡命者令贖罪各有差。凡徙者，賜弓弩衣糧。 |
| | On the Bingzi day, he visited Linpikong and honored Sanlao and Wugeng. After the ceremony, an edict was issued to the three dukes: recruit convicts with capital punishment from commanderies, states, and central government offices; reduce their sentences by one rank, do not use caning, and send them to the camp of Duliao Jiangjun for garrison duty in border counties of Shuofang and Wuyuan; their families may accompany them and settle in these border counties; parents or siblings who wish to substitute for one another are free to do so. Those guilty of great treason and heinous crimes, whose punishment is death by special means, shall all be castrated as convicts. Fugitives were allowed to redeem their crimes with varying amounts of payment. All those relocated received bows, crossbows, clothing, and food supplies.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
壬寅晦，日有食之，既。詔曰：「朕以無德，奉承大業，而下貽人怨，上動三光。日食之變，其災尤大，春秋圖讖所為至譴。永思厥咎，在予一人。群司勉修職事，極言無諱。」於是在位者皆上封事，各言得失。帝覽章，深自引咎，乃以所上班示百官。詔曰：「群僚所言，皆朕之過。人冤不能理，吏黠不能禁；而輕用人力，繕修宮宇，出入無節，喜怒過差。昔應門失守，關雎刺世；飛蓬隨風，微子所歎。永覽前戒，竦然兢懼。徒恐薄德，久而致怠耳。」 |
| | On the Renyin day at month's end, there was a total solar eclipse. An edict stated: "I am unworthy and have inherited this great legacy, yet the people below harbor resentment, and Heaven above has responded by disturbing the three lights. The change of a solar eclipse is especially severe; it represents the most serious condemnation as recorded in Chunqiu and divination texts. I deeply reflect on these faults, which lie solely with me alone. All officials should diligently perform their duties and speak frankly without holding back." As a result, those in office all submitted sealed memorials, each commenting on the merits and faults of governance. The emperor read these submissions, deeply reflecting upon his own failings, and then showed them to all government officials. An edict stated: "What the officials have said is entirely my fault. I cannot clear people's grievances, nor can I restrain corrupt officials; and yet I have lightly used the labor of the people to build and repair palaces, entered and exited without restraint, and allowed my anger or joy to be excessive. In ancient times, when palace gates were neglected, the poem Guanju criticized the world; the drifting tumbleweed follows the wind—this was what Wei Zi lamented. Forever reflecting on these past warnings, I am deeply alarmed and fearful. I only fear that my shallow virtue may lead to complacency over time."
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
北匈奴寇西河諸郡。 |
| | The Northern Xiongnu raided the various commanderies of Xihe.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
九年春三月辛丑，詔郡國死罪囚減罪，與妻子詣五原、朔方占著，所在死者皆賜妻父若男同產一人復終身；其妻無父兄獨有母者，賜其母錢六萬，又復其口筭。 |
| | In spring, the third month, on the Xichou day of the ninth year, an edict was issued: convicts in commanderies and states sentenced to death were to have their punishments reduced; they and their wives would be sent to Wuyuan or Shuofang for registration. To each family where a member died at the place of assignment, one relative—either the wife's father or a male sibling—was granted lifelong exemption from corvée labor; if the wife had no father or brothers but only a mother, six wans of money were granted to her mother, and also exemption from head tax for the family.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
夏四月甲辰，詔郡國以公田賜貧人各有差。令司隸校尉、部刺史歲上墨綬長吏視事三歲已上理狀尤異者各一人，與計偕上。及尤不政理者，亦以聞。 |
| | In summer, the fourth month, on the Jichen day, an edict was issued: commanderies and states were to grant public land to poor people in varying amounts. An order was given: the Sili Jiaoyi and regional Cishi were to annually submit, along with their annual reports, one outstanding official holding a black sash who had served for three years or more and demonstrated particularly exceptional governance. Those officials who were especially negligent in administration should also be reported.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
是歲，大有年。為四姓小侯開立學校，置五經師。 |
| | In this year, there was a great harvest. Schools were established for the four surnamed minor marquises, and teachers of the Five Classics were appointed.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
十年春二月，廣陵王荊有罪，自殺，國除。 |
| | In spring, the second month of the tenth year, Guangling Wang Jing committed a crime and took his own life; his fief was abolished.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
夏四月戊子，詔曰：「昔歲五穀登衍，今茲蠶麥善收，其大赦天下。方盛夏長養之時，蕩滌宿惡，以報農功。百姓勉務桑稼，以備災害。吏敬厥職，無令愆墯。」 |
| | In summer, the fourth month on the Wuzi day, an edict stated: "Last year's five grains were abundant, and this year's silkworms and wheat have yielded well. Therefore, a general pardon is granted throughout the empire. Now that it is the season of summer growth and cultivation, let us cleanse past wrongdoings to repay the efforts of farmers. The people should diligently cultivate mulberry trees and crops in order to prepare for disasters. Officials must respect their duties, and must not commit negligence or failure."
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
閏月甲午，南巡狩，幸南陽，祠章陵。日北至，又祠舊宅。禮畢，召校官弟子作雅樂，奏鹿鳴，帝自御塤篪和之，以娛嘉賓。還，幸南頓，勞饗三老、官屬。 |
| | On the Jiwu day of the intercalary month, he embarked on a southern tour, visited Nanyang, and paid homage at Zhangling. When the sun reached its northernmost point, he again offered sacrifices at his ancestral home. After the ceremony was completed, he summoned school officials and students to perform elegant music, played Luming, while the emperor personally played the xun and chi flutes in harmony with them, entertaining distinguished guests. On his return journey, he visited Nandun and honored and entertained the Three Elders and officials.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
冬十一月，徵淮陽王廷會平輿，徵沛王輔會睢陽。 |
| | lou In winter, the eleventh month, Huaiyang Wang Ting was summoned to Pingyu for an audience, and Pei Wang Fu was summoned to Suixang.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
十二月甲午，車駕還宮。 |
| | On the Jiawu day of the twelfth month, the imperial procession returned to the palace.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
十一年春正月，沛王輔、楚王英、濟南王康、東平王蒼、淮陽王延、中山王焉、琅邪王京、東海王政來朝。 |
| | In spring, the first month of the eleventh year, Pei Wang Fu, Chu Wang Ying, Jian'nan Wang Kang, Dongping Wang Cang, Huaiyang Wang Yan, Zhongshan Wang Yan, Langya Wang Jing, and Donghai Wang Zheng came to court.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
秋七月，司隸校尉郭霸下獄死。 |
| | In autumn, the seventh month, Sili Jiaoyue Guo Ba was imprisoned and died.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
是歲，漅湖出黃金，廬江太守以獻。時麒麟、白雉、醴泉、嘉禾所在出焉。 |
| | In this year, gold was found in Youhu; the governor of Lujiang presented it as a tribute. At that time, qilin, white pheasants, sweet springs, and auspicious grains were found in various places.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
十二年春正月，益州徼外夷哀牢王相率內屬，於是置永昌郡，罷益州西部都尉。 |
| | In spring, the first month of twelfth year, the Ailao King, a non-Han chieftain beyond the borders of Yizhou, led his people to submit and become subjects. As a result, Yongchang Commandery was established, and the western commander of Yizhou was abolished.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
夏四月，遣將作謁者王吳修汴渠，自滎陽至于千乘海口。 |
| | In summer, the fourth month, Jianzuo Ye Zhe Wang Wu was dispatched to repair the Bian Canal from Yingyang to Qiucheng's sea mouth.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
五月丙辰，賜天下男子爵，人二級，三老、孝悌、力田人三級，流民無名數欲占者人一級；鰥、寡、孤、獨、篤缮、貧無家屬不能自存者粟，人三斛。詔曰：「昔曾、閔奉親，竭觀致養，仲尼葬子，有棺無槨。喪貴致哀，禮存寧儉。今百姓送終之制，競為奢靡。生者無擔石之儲，而財力盡於墳土。伏臘無糟糠，而牲牢兼於一奠。糜破積世之業，以供終朝之費，子孫飢寒，絕命於此，豈祖考之意哉！又車服制度，恣極耳目。田荒不耕，游食者眾。有司其申明科禁，宜於今者，宣下郡國。」 |
| | On the Bingchen day of May, ranks were bestowed upon all men in the empire: two grades per person; three grades for the Three Elders, filial and fraternal exemplars, and those who worked diligently on farming; one grade each for displaced people without official records wishing to register. Widowers, widows, orphans, the elderly without family, those with serious illnesses, and the poor who could not support themselves were each granted three hu of grain. An edict stated: "In the past, Zengzi and Minzi served their parents with utmost devotion, providing for them in every way. Confucius buried his son with a coffin but no outer casket. Mourning should emphasize sincere grief; rites should be observed with peace and frugality. Now, the people's customs for funerals are competing in extravagance and wastefulness. The living have no more than a dan or shi of grain stored, yet their wealth is exhausted on tomb construction. During the cold winter months they lack even bran and chaff to eat, yet they offer multiple sacrificial animals in a single offering. They squander the accumulated wealth of generations to spend on a single day's expenses, leaving their descendants starving and cold, even causing them to die from it. Is this what one's ancestors would have wished?!" Moreover, the regulations for carriages and clothing are indulged to satisfy sight and hearing. Fields lie fallow without cultivation, and many people wander about without means of support. The responsible officials should clarify the regulations and prohibitions; those suitable for implementation now should be issued to commanderies and states."
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
秋七月乙亥，司空伏恭罷。乙未，大司農牟融為司空。 |
| | In autumn, on the Yihai day of the seventh month, Sikong Fu Gong was dismissed. On the Yiwei day, Dasi Nong Mou Rong became Sikong.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
冬十月，司隸校尉王康下獄死。 |
| | In winter, on the tenth month, Sili Jiaoye Wang Kang was imprisoned and died.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
是歲，天下安平，人無傜役，歲比登稔，百姓殷富，粟斛三十，牛羊被野。 |
| | In this year, the empire enjoyed peace; there were no corvée duties for the people. Harvests were abundant year after year, and the common folk became prosperous. A hu of grain cost thirty coins, and cattle and sheep filled the fields.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
十三年春二月，帝耕於藉田。禮畢，賜觀者食。 |
| | In spring, on the second month of the thirteenth year, the emperor plowed in the ceremonial field. After the ceremony was completed, food was granted to those who had watched.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
三月，河南尹薛昭下獄死。 |
| | In March, Henan Yin Xue Zhao was imprisoned and died.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
夏四月，汴渠成。辛巳，行幸滎陽，巡行河渠。乙酉，詔曰：「自汴渠決敗，六十餘歲，加頃年以來，雨水不時，汴流東侵，日月益甚，水門故處，皆在河中，漭瀁廣溢，莫測圻岸，蕩蕩極望，不知綱紀。今兗、豫之人，多被水患，乃云縣官不先人急，好興它役。又或以為河流入汴，幽、冀蒙利，故曰左隄彊則右隄傷，左右俱彊則下方傷，宜任水埶所之，使人隨高而處，公家息壅塞之費，百姓無陷溺之患。議者不同，南北異論，朕不知所從，久而不決。今既築隄理渠，絕水立門，河、汴分流，復其舊跡，陶丘之北，漸就壤墳，故薦嘉玉絜牲，以禮河神。東過洛汭，歎禹之績。今五土之宜，反其正色，濱渠下田，賦與貧人，無令豪右得固其利，庶繼世宗瓠子之作。」因遂度河，登太行，進幸上黨。壬寅，車駕還宮。 |
| | In summer, on the fourth month, the Bian Canal project was completed. On the Xinsi day, he traveled to Yingyang and inspected the river canals. On the Yiyou day, an edict stated: "Since the Bian Canal collapsed and failed, it has been more than sixty years. In addition, in recent years, rainfall has been irregular; the waters of the Bian River have encroached from the east, worsening with each passing day. The old locations of water gates are now all submerged within the river. Vast floods overflow widely, making embankments unpredictable and unmeasurable. Looking out over the endless expanse, one can no longer discern boundaries or order. Now, many people in Yan and Yu commanderies suffer from floods; yet it is said that officials do not prioritize the urgent needs of the people but instead favor initiating other projects. Some also argue that the river flowing into the Bian benefits You and Ji regions, hence saying: "If one embankment is reinforced, the other will suffer; if both are reinforced, then the downstream area will be harmed. It would be better to let water follow its natural course, allowing people to settle on higher ground. This way, the state can avoid costs of blockage and the people will not face drowning." The advisors hold differing opinions; there are conflicting views from north and south. I do not know which to follow, so the matter has remained unresolved for a long time. Now that embankments have been built and the canal restored, with water cut off and gates established, the Yellow River and Bian Canal flow separately once more, returning to their original courses. To the north of Taoqiu, land is gradually becoming fertile again; therefore, I offer jade and pure sacrificial animals as a rite to honor the river god. Passing eastward through Luorui, I marveled at Yu's achievements. Now, the five types of land should be allocated according to their suitability, returning them to their proper colors. Low-lying fields along the canal shall be assigned to the poor; let no powerful or wealthy individuals monopolize these benefits. May this continue the legacy of Emperor Shizong's work at Huzi." He then crossed the Yellow River, climbed Mount Taihang, and proceeded to visit Shangdang. On the Rinyin day, the imperial procession returned to court.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
冬十月壬辰晦，日有食之。三公免冠自劾。制曰：「冠履勿劾。災異屢見，咎在朕躬，憂懼遑遑，未知其方。將有司陳事，多所隱諱，使君上壅蔽，下有不暢乎？昔衛有忠臣，靈公得守其位。今何以和穆陰陽，消伏災譴？刺史、太守詳刑理冤，存恤鰥孤，勉思職焉。」 |
| | In winter, on the last day of October (Richen), there was a solar eclipse. The Three Dukes removed their hats and self-reproached themselves. An imperial decree stated: "Do not reprimand them for removing their hats." Astronomical and natural disasters have occurred repeatedly; the fault lies with me personally. I am deeply anxious and uncertain of how to address them. Is it possible that officials in charge have concealed many matters, causing the emperor's decrees to be obstructed above and communication to be hindered below? In ancient times, Wei had loyal ministers, so Duke Ling was able to maintain his position. Now, how can we harmonize yin and yang to eliminate these calamities and condemnation? Cishi and Taishou should carefully examine criminal cases, clear grievances, care for widows and orphans, and diligently fulfill their duties."
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
十一月，楚王英謀反，廢，國除，遷於涇縣，所連及死徙者數千人。 |
| | In November, Chu Wang Ying plotted rebellion. He was deposed and his fief abolished; he was exiled to Jing Xian. Thousands of people connected to the case were executed or relocated.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
是歲，齊王石薨。 |
| | In this year, Qi Wang Shi died.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
十四年春三月甲戌，司徒虞延免，自殺。夏四月丁巳，鉅鹿太守南陽邢穆為司徒。 |
| | In spring, on the Jiuxu day of March in the fourteenth year, Situ Yu Yan was dismissed and committed suicide. In summer, on the Dingsi day of April, Nanyang Xing Mu, former governor of Julu, became Situ.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
前楚王英自殺。 |
| | Previously, Chu Wang Ying had committed suicide.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
夏五月，封故廣陵王荊子元壽為廣陵侯。 |
| | In summer, May, the son of former Guangling Wang Jing, Yuanshou, was enfeoffed as Guangling Hou.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
初作壽陵。 |
| | The construction of Shuling began.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
十五年春二月庚子，東巡狩。辛丑，幸偃師。詔亡命自殊死以下贖：死罪縑四十匹，右趾至髡鉗城旦舂十匹，完城旦至司寇五匹；犯罪未發覺，詔書到日自告者，半入贖。徵沛王輔會睢陽。進幸彭城。癸亥，帝耕于下邳。 |
| | In spring, on the Gengzi day of February in the fifteenth year, he embarked on an eastern tour. On the Xinchou day, he visited Yanshi. An edict was issued granting convicts from the crime of death down to those sentenced to corporal punishment an opportunity for redemption: forty bolts of silk for those convicted of capital crimes; ten bolts for those punished with foot amputation up to 髡钳城旦舂; five bolts for those sentenced to lesser labor punishments up to Siku. For those who had committed crimes but had not yet been discovered, if they confessed themselves on the day the edict arrived, half of the redemption amount would be required. Pei Wang Fu was summoned to meet in Suixang. He proceeded to visit Pengcheng. On the Guihai day, the emperor plowed at Xupu.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
三月，徵琅邪王京會良成，徵東平王蒼會陽都，又徵廣陵侯及其三弟會魯。祠東海恭王陵。還，幸孔子宅，祠仲尼及七十二弟子。親御講堂，命皇太子、諸王說經。又幸東平。辛卯，進幸大梁，至定陶，祠定陶恭王陵。夏四月庚子，車駕還宮。 |
| | In March, Langya Wang Jing was summoned to Liangcheng; Dongping Wang Cang was summoned to Yangdu. Additionally, Guangling Hou and his three younger brothers were summoned to Lu. He paid homage at the tomb of Gongwang of Donghai. On his return, he visited Confucius's former residence and offered sacrifices to Zhongni and his seventy-two disciples. He personally presided over the lecture hall and ordered the Crown Prince and various princes to discuss the classics. He also visited Dongping. On the Xinmao day, he proceeded to Daliang and arrived at Dingtao, where he paid homage at the tomb of the Gongwang of Dingtao. In summer, on the Gengzi day in April, the imperial procession returned to palace.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
改信都為樂成國，臨淮為下邳國。封皇子恭為鉅鹿王，黨為樂成王，衍為下邳王，暢為汝南王，疠為常山王，長為濟陰王。賜天下男子爵，人三級；郎、從官二十歲已上帛百匹，十歲已上二十匹，十歲已下十匹，官府吏五匹，書佐、小史三匹。令天下大酺五日。乙巳，大赦天下，其謀反大逆及諸不應宥者，皆赦除之。 |
| | Xindu was renamed Lecheng Guo, and Linhuai became Xupu Guo. The emperor enfeoffed his sons: Gong as Julu Wang, Dang as Lecheng Wang, Yan as Xupu Wang, Chang as Ru'nan Wang, Li as Changshan Wang, and Zhang as Jiying Wang. Ranks were bestowed upon all men throughout the empire: three grades per person; To officials of the rank Lang and those accompanying the court: those over twenty years old received one hundred bolts of silk, those ten to twenty years old twenty bolts, those under ten years old ten bolts. Officials in government offices received five bolts each, while Shuzuo and Xiaoshi received three bolts each. An imperial decree was issued allowing a nationwide public feast for five days. On the Yisi day, a general amnesty was proclaimed throughout the empire; however, those guilty of plotting rebellion, great treason, and other offenses not eligible for pardon were all granted clemency.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
冬，車騎校獵上林苑。 |
| | In winter, a grand hunting expedition was conducted in the Shanglin Garden by the Chaji (General-in-Chief).
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
十二月，遣奉車都尉竇固、駙馬都尉耿秉屯涼州。 |
| | In December, Fengche Duyi Dou Gu and Huma Duyi Geng Bing were dispatched to station troops in Liangzhou.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
十六年春二月，遣太僕祭肜出高闕，奉車都尉竇固出酒泉，駙馬都尉耿秉出居延，騎都尉來苗出平城，伐北匈奴。竇固破呼衍王於天山，留兵屯伊吾盧城。耿秉、來苗、祭肜並無功而還。 |
| | In spring, the second month of the sixteenth year, Taifu Jirong was sent out through Gaoque, Fengche Duyi Dougu through Jiuquan, Huma Duyi Gengbing through Juyan, and Qiduyi Laimiao through Pingcheng to campaign against the Northern Xiongnu. Dou Gu defeated Woyan Wang at Tianshan and left troops stationed in Yiwulu Cheng. Geng Bing, Laimiao, and Jirong all returned without achieving any notable success.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
夏五月，淮陽王延謀反，發覺。癸丑，司徒邢穆、駙馬都尉韓光坐事下獄死，所連及誅死者甚眾。 |
| | In May of summer, Huaiyang Wang Yan plotted rebellion but was discovered. On the Guichou day, Situ Xing Mu and Huma Duyi Han Guang were imprisoned and died due to their involvement in a case; many others implicated with them were executed.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
戊午晦，日有食之。 |
| | On the Wuwu day of the last day of the month, there was a solar eclipse.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
六月丙寅，大司農西河王敏為司徒。 |
| | In the sixth month on the Bingyin day, Dasi Nong Xihuo Wang Min became Situ.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
秋七月，淮陽王延徙封阜陵王。 |
| | In autumn, July, Huaiyang Wang Yan was relocated and enfeoffed as Fuling Wang.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
九月丁卯，詔令郡國中都官死罪繫囚減死罪一等，勿笞，詣軍營，屯朔方、敦煌；妻子自隨，父母同產欲求從者，恣聽之；女子嫁為人妻，勿與俱。謀反大逆無道不用此書。 |
| | On the Dingmao day of September, an imperial decree was issued ordering that convicts with capital punishment in all commanderies and states as well as central government offices be reduced by one degree from death penalty; they should not be flogged but instead sent to military camps for garrison duty in Shuofang and Dunhuang; their spouses may accompany them, and parents or siblings who wish to join them are allowed to do so freely; women already married as wives should not go with them. Those guilty of plotting rebellion, grave treason, or inhumane conduct are exempt from this decree.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
是歲，北匈奴寇雲中，雲中太守廉范擊破之。 |
| | In this year, the Northern Xiongnu raided Yunzhong, and Taihou Lian Fan of Yunzhong defeated them.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
十七年春正月，甘露降於甘陵。北海王睦薨。 |
| | In spring, first month of the seventeenth year, sweet dew fell in Ganling. Prince Mu of Beihai died.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
二月乙巳，司徒王敏薨。三月癸丑，汝南太守鮑昱為司徒。 |
| | In February on the Yisi day, Situ Wang Min died. On the Guichou day in March, Taihou Bao Yu of Ru'nan became Situ.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
是歲，甘露仍降，樹枝內附，芝草生殿前，神雀五色翔集京師。西南夷哀牢、儋耳、僬僥、槃木、白狼、動黏諸種，前後慕義貢獻；西域諸國遣子入侍。夏五月戊子，公卿百官以帝威德懷遠，祥物顯應，乃並集朝堂，奉觴上壽。制曰：「天生神物，以應王者；遠人慕化，實由有德。朕以虛薄，何以享斯？唯高祖、光武聖德所被，不敢有辭。其敬舉觴，太常擇吉日策告宗廟。其賜天下男子爵，人二級，三老、孝悌、力田人三級，流人無名數欲占者人一級；鰥、寡、孤、獨、篤缮、貧不能自存者粟，人三斛；郎、從官視事十歲以上者，帛十匹。中二千石、二千石下至黃綬，貶秩奉贖，在去年以來皆還贖。」 |
| | In this year, sweet dew continued to fall; tree branches bent inward, lingzhi grass grew in front of the palace, and five-colored divine quails gathered in the capital. The various tribes of the southwest Yi, including Ailao, Danye, Jiaoqiao, Panmu, Bailing, and Dongnian, successively showed reverence for virtue and made tributary offerings; the various states of the Western Regions sent their sons to serve in court. In May of summer on the Wuzi day, the Grand Ministers and officials gathered in court to present wine and offer longevity blessings, as they believed the emperor's authority and virtue had brought distant peoples under his rule and that auspicious signs were manifesting. The imperial decree stated: "Heaven produces divine objects to respond to the Son of Heaven; distant peoples yearn for civilization, which is indeed due to virtue. I am but a man of shallow virtue; how can I deserve such blessings? Only the holy virtue of Gaozu and Guangwu has been extended to us, so we dare not refuse. You should respectfully raise your cups; Taichang shall select an auspicious day and present a report to the ancestral temples. Ranks shall be bestowed upon all men in the empire, two grades per person; three grades for Sanlao, filial and fraternal individuals, and those who work diligently on their fields; one grade each for displaced people without official records who wish to register. Three hu of grain shall be given to widowers, widows, orphans, the elderly without family, those with serious illnesses, and the poor who cannot support themselves; Ten bolts of silk shall be given to Lang officials and attendants in service for ten years or more. Those holding ranks of Zhong Erqianshi, Erqianshi down to Huangshou who had been demoted and required to pay redemption fees since last year shall have their fines returned."
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
秋八月丙寅，令武威、張掖、酒泉、敦煌及張掖屬國，繫囚右趾已下任兵者，皆一切勿治其罪，詣軍營。 |
| | In autumn, on the Bingyin day of August, an edict was issued: convicts in Wulei, Zhangye, Jiuquan, Dunhuang, and the Zhangye Shugu Guo with crimes no worse than right foot binding who were fit for military service should all be exempted from punishment and sent to the army camps.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
冬十一月，遣奉車都尉竇固、駙馬都尉耿秉、騎都尉劉張出敦煌昆侖塞，擊破白山虜於蒲類海上，遂入車師。初置西域都護、戊己校尉。 |
| | In winter, November, Fengche Duyi Dougu, Huma Duyi GENG Bing, and Qiduyi Liu Zhang were dispatched through the Kunlun Pass of Dunhuang. They defeated the Baishan 虏 at Pulei Hai and proceeded to enter Cheshi. The office of Xiyu Duhu (Governor of the Western Regions) and Wujia Jiao Wei was first established.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
是歲，改天水為漢陽郡。 |
| | In this year, Tienshui was renamed Hanyang Jun.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
十八年春三月丁亥，詔曰：「其令天下亡命，自殊死已下贖：死罪縑三十匹，右趾至髡鉗城旦舂十匹，完城旦至司寇五匹；吏人犯罪未發覺，詔書到自告者，半入贖。」 |
| | In spring, on the Dinghai day of March in the eighteenth year, an imperial decree was issued: "Let it be known that all fugitives throughout the empire may redeem their crimes from those punishable by death and below as follows: thirty bolts of silk for capital offenses; ten bolts for crimes ranging from right foot binding to 髡钳城旦舂; five bolts for those ranging from complete 城旦 to Siku. Officials and commoners who have committed crimes but not yet discovered, if they confess themselves upon receipt of this decree, shall pay half the redemption amount."
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
夏四月己未，詔曰：「自春已來，時雨不降，宿麥傷旱，秋種未下，政失厥中，憂懼而已。其賜天下男子爵，人二級，及流民無名數欲占者人一級；鰥、寡、孤、獨、篤缮，貧不能自存者粟，人三斛。理冤獄，錄輕繫。二千石分禱五岳四瀆。郡界有名山大川能興雲雨者，長吏各絜齋禱請，冀蒙嘉澍。」 |
| | In summer, on the Jiwu day of April, an imperial decree was issued: "Since spring, timely rains have not fallen; the winter wheat has been damaged by drought and autumn planting has yet to begin. The administration has deviated from its proper course, and I am deeply worried and fearful. Therefore, ranks shall be bestowed upon all adult males throughout the empire: two grades per person, as well as one grade for displaced people without official registration who wish to settle. Three hu of grain shall be granted to widowers, widows, orphaned children, the elderly without family support, those with serious illnesses and the poor unable to sustain themselves. Investigate unjustly imprisoned cases and review those held for minor offenses. Erbianshi officials shall divide their prayers to the Five Great Mountains and Four Major Rivers. In commanderies where there are famous mountains or great rivers capable of summoning clouds and rain, local officials should purify themselves with solemn prayers in hopes of receiving timely rains."
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
六月己未，有星孛於太微。 |
| | On the Jiwu day in June, a comet appeared in Taiwei.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
焉耆、龜茲攻西域都護陳睦，悉沒其眾。北匈奴及車師後王圍戊己校尉耿恭。 |
| | Yanqi and Kucha attacked Xiyu Duhu Chen Mu, completely annihilating his forces. The Northern Xiongnu and the Later King of Cheshi besieged Wujia Jiao Wei Geng Gong.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
秋八月壬子，帝崩於東宮前殿。年四十八。遺詔無起寑廟，藏主於光烈皇后更衣別室。帝初作壽陵，制令流水而已，石槨廣一丈二尺，長二丈五尺，無得起墳。萬年之後，埽地而祭，杅水脯糒而已。過百日，唯四時設奠，置吏卒數人供給灑埽，勿開修道。敢有所興作者，以擅議宗廟法從事。 |
| | In autumn, on the Renzi day in August, the emperor passed away at Qian Dian of Donggong. He was forty-eight years old. The emperor's last will decreed that no mausoleum or temple should be built for him; his spirit tablet was to be enshrined in a separate chamber of the Guanglie Huanghou's dressing room. When the emperor first constructed his tomb, he decreed that it should be no more than a simple watercourse. The stone coffin was to measure twelve chi in width and twenty-five chi in length, with no mound or tumulus allowed. After ten thousand years, sacrifices should be conducted by sweeping the ground, offering only water, dried meat, and dry grain. After a hundred days, offerings should be made only during the four seasons; assign several officials and soldiers to provide supplies and perform sweeping duties. Do not clear or repair roads for visitors. Anyone who dares to construct or alter anything shall be treated as having violated the law regarding unauthorized discussions about ancestral temples.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
帝遵奉建武制度，無敢違者。後宮之家，不得封侯與政。館陶公主為子求郎，不許，而賜錢千萬。謂群臣曰：「郎官上應列宿，出宰百里，有非其人，則民受其殃，是以難之。」故吏稱其官，民安其業，遠近肅服，戶口滋殖焉。 |
| | The emperor strictly adhered to the regulations established during the Jianwu era, and no one dared to violate them. Members of the empresses' families were not allowed to be enfeoffed as marquises or participate in governance. Guan Tao Gongzhu requested a Lang rank for her son, but the request was denied; however, she was granted ten million coins as compensation. He said to his ministers: "The rank of Lang corresponds to the constellations above and governs a hundred li. If an unqualified person is appointed, the people will suffer; therefore, it must be carefully considered." Thus, officials fulfilled their duties and the people found stability in their livelihoods; both near and distant subjects were respectful and obedient, leading to a flourishing population.
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
論曰：明帝善刑理，法令分明。日晏坐朝，幽枉必達。內外無倖曲之私，在上無矜大之色。斷獄得情，號居前代十二。故後之言事者，莫不先建武、永平之政。而鍾離意、宋均之徒，常以察慧為言，夫豈弘人之度未優乎？ |
| | Commentary: Emperor Ming was skilled in administering justice, with clear and distinct laws and regulations. lodash Even late into the day, he sat in court to hear cases; those wrongfully accused were always brought to light. There was no favoritism or partiality within the palace or outside, and from above, there was no display of arrogance or conceit. Judging cases with fairness and discerning truth, he ranked among the top twelve of previous dynasties. Thus, those who later discussed governance always cited the policies of Jianwu and Yongping as prime examples. Yet figures like Zhongli Yi and Song Jun often emphasized wisdom in governance; could this not be due to a lack of broad-mindedness?
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| | 顯宗孝明... : |
贊曰：顯宗丕承，業業兢兢。危心恭德，政察姦勝。備章朝物，省薄墳陵。永懷廢典，下身遵道。登臺觀雲，臨雍拜老。懋惟帝績，增光文考。 |
| | Eulogy: Xianzong carried on the legacy, diligently and with utmost caution. With a cautious heart and reverent virtue, his governance was vigilant in overcoming corruption. He prepared ceremonial objects for the court with care but kept tombs simple and modest. Forever cherishing abandoned rituals, he humbled himself to follow the path of virtue. He ascended the terrace to observe clouds and personally honored elders at the academy. His great achievements shone brightly, adding luster to his father's legacy.
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