| | 孝和孝殤... : |
孝和皇帝諱肇，肅宗第四子也。母梁貴人，為竇皇后所譖，憂卒，竇后養帝以為己子。建初七年，立為皇太子。 |
| | Xiaohe Huangdi, whose personal name was Zhao, was the fourth son of Suzong. His mother was Liang Guiren, who was slandered by Dou Huanghou and died of grief. Empress Dou raised the emperor as her own son. In the seventh year of Jianchu (72 AD), he was established as crown prince.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
章和二年二月壬辰，即皇帝位，年十歲。尊皇后曰皇太后，太后臨朝。 |
| | On the Rencheng day of the second month in the second year of Zhanghe (February 16, 88 AD), he ascended to the imperial throne. He was ten years old at that time. The empress was honored as Empress Dowager, and the empress dowager took power in court affairs.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
三月丁酉，改淮陽為陳國，楚郡為彭城國，西平并汝南郡，六安復為廬江郡。遺詔徙西平王羨為陳王，六安王恭為彭城王。 |
| | On the Dingyou day of the third month, Huaiyang was changed to Chen Guo, Chu Jun to Pengcheng Guo, Xiping merged into Ruzhou Jun, and Lu'an reverted back to Lüjiang Jun. By imperial decree, the King of Xiping, Xian, was transferred and made King of Chen, and the King of Lu'an, Gong, became King of Pengcheng.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
癸卯，葬孝章皇帝于敬陵。 |
| | On the Gaimao day, Emperor Xiaozhang was buried in Jingling.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
庚戌，皇太后詔曰：「先帝以明聖，奉承祖宗至德要道，天下清靜，庶事咸寧。今皇帝以幼年，煢煢在疚，朕且佐助聽政。外有大國賢王並為蕃屏，內有公卿大夫統理本朝，恭己受成，夫何憂哉！然守文之際，必有內輔以參聽斷。侍中憲，朕之元兄，行能兼備，忠孝尤篤，先帝所器，親受遺詔，當以舊典輔斯職焉。憲固執謙讓，節不可奪。今供養兩宮，宿衛左右，厥事已重，亦不可復勞以政事。故太尉鄧彪，元功之族，三讓彌高，海內歸仁，為群賢首，先帝褒表，欲以崇化。今彪聰明康彊，可謂老成黃耇矣。其以彪為太傅，賜爵關內侯，錄尚書事，百官總己以聽，朕庶幾得專心內位。於戲！群公其勉率百僚，各修厥職，愛養元元，綏以中和，稱朕意焉。」 |
| | On the Gengxu day, Empress Dowager issued an edict stating: "The late emperor was wise and saintly, carrying forward the highest virtue and essential principles of our ancestors. The realm enjoyed peace and tranquility, and all affairs were harmonious." "Now that the emperor is young and in deep sorrow, I shall assist him and oversee government affairs on his behalf." "Externally, there are great states and virtuous kings who serve as a protective barrier; internally, there are ministers and officials managing the affairs of our court. If I remain respectful and accept their accomplishments, what cause for concern could there be!" "Nevertheless, during this time of upholding established principles, it is essential to have an internal advisor to assist in deliberation and decision-making." "Shizhong Xian is my eldest brother, who possesses both virtue and ability. He is especially devoted to loyalty and filial piety, was esteemed by the late emperor, and personally received the imperial decree. According to established precedent, he should assist in this duty." Xian firmly insisted on humility and yielded his position; his integrity could not be swayed. "Now, with the responsibility of providing for both palaces and guarding the emperor's side, these duties are already heavy; it is also inappropriate to burden him further with administrative affairs." "Therefore, the former Taivue Deng Biao, a scion of an illustrious family of meritorious service, whose virtue grew even greater through three refusals of office, is revered for his benevolence throughout the realm and stands at the forefront among the virtuous. The late emperor honored him to promote moral influence." "Now, Biao is wise and vigorous; he can truly be called a venerable elder of mature judgment." "Let Biao be appointed as Taifu, granted the title of Guannei Hou, and entrusted with handling Shangshu affairs. All officials shall submit their duties to him for review; thus I hope to focus solely on internal court matters." Ah! "Ministers, you must diligently lead all officials, each fulfilling your duties, nurturing the people with care, and governing them through harmony. May this be in accordance with my wishes."
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
辛酉，有司上奏：「孝章皇帝崇弘鴻業，德化普洽，垂意黎民，留念稼穡。文加殊俗，武暢方表，界惟人面，無思不服。巍巍蕩蕩，莫與比隆。周頌曰：『於穆清廟，肅雝顯相。』請上尊廟曰肅宗，共進武德之舞。」制曰：「可。」 |
| | On the Xinyou day, an official submitted a report: "Emperor Xiaozhang greatly expanded his grand achievements; his virtue and moral influence were universally widespread. He showed concern for the common people and cherished thoughts of agriculture." "Through culture, he influenced distant customs; through martial strength, he extended his influence to the frontier. His authority reached every face of humanity, and none could resist." "Majestic and boundless, there is none who can rival his greatness." The Zhou Odes say: 'O how serene is the ancestral temple; solemn and harmonious, its grandeur shines forth.' " Please bestow upon him the honored temple name Suzong, and present together the Wude dance." The imperial decree stated: "Approved."
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
癸亥，陳王羨、彭城王恭、樂成王黨、下邳王衍、梁王暢始就國。 |
| | On the Guihai day, King Chen Xian, King Pengcheng Gong, King Lecheng Dang, King Xiapi Yi, and King Liang Chang began to take their positions in their respective fiefs.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
夏四月丙子，謁高廟。丁丑，謁世祖廟。 |
| | In summer, on the Bingzi day of the fourth month, he paid homage at Gaomiào (the temple of Emperor Gaozu). On the Dingchou day, he visited Shizu's temple.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
戊寅，詔曰：「昔孝武皇帝致誅胡、越，故權收鹽鐵之利，以奉師旅之費。自中興以來，匈奴未賓，永平末年，復修征伐。先帝即位，務休力役，然猶深思遠慮，安不忘危，探觀舊典，復收鹽鐵，欲以防備不虞，寧安邊境。而吏多不良，動失其便，以違上意。先帝恨之，故遺戒郡國罷鹽鐵之禁，縱民煮鑄，入稅縣官如故事。其申敕刺史、二千石，奉順聖旨，勉弘德化，布告天下，使明知朕意。」 |
| | On the Wuyin day, an edict was issued stating: "In former times, Emperor Xiaowu waged war against the Hu and Yue peoples; therefore, he temporarily seized control of salt and iron profits to fund military expenses. "Since the revival of our dynasty, the Xiongnu have yet to submit; in the final years of Yongping, military campaigns were once again launched." "When the late emperor ascended the throne, he was determined to cease labor and conscription. Nevertheless, he still pondered deeply and planned ahead, never forgetting danger in times of peace. Reviewing past precedents, he once again resumed control over salt and iron, wishing to prepare for unforeseen events and ensure stability along the borders." "However, many officials were corrupt or incompetent, often failing in their duties and acting contrary to imperial intent." "The late emperor regretted this, so in his final instructions he ordered the commanderies and states to lift the salt and iron restrictions. He allowed commoners to freely boil salt and cast metal, paying taxes to local county officials as had been done before." "Therefore, I hereby strictly instruct the cishi and officials of the rank of 2000-dan: obey the imperial decree, strive to promote virtue and moral influence, announce this throughout the realm, so that all may clearly understand my intent."
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
五月，京師旱。詔長樂少府桓郁侍講禁中。 |
| | In May, a drought occurred in the capital. lodash An edict was issued appointing Huan Yu of Changle Shaofu as an imperial tutor to serve within the palace.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
冬十月乙亥，以侍中竇憲為車騎將軍，伐北匈奴。 |
| | In winter, on the Yihai day of the tenth month, Shizhong Dou Xian was appointed as Cheqi Jiangjun and ordered to campaign against the Northern Xiongnu.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
安息國遣使獻師子、扶拔。 |
| | The country of Anxi sent envoys who presented lions and fuba (an unknown item, possibly a type of animal or object).
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
永元元年春三月甲辰，初令郎官詔除者得占丞、尉，以比秩為真。 |
| | In spring, on the Jiachen day of the third month in the first year of Yongyuan, an order was first issued that officials appointed as Langguan by imperial decree could assume positions as cheng or wei, with their ranks treated as official appointments.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
夏六月，車騎將軍竇憲出雞鹿塞，度遼將軍鄧鴻出棝陽塞，南單于出滿夷谷，與北匈奴戰於稽落山，大破之，追至和渠北鞮海。竇憲遂登燕然山，刻石勒功而還。北單于遣弟右溫禺鞮王奉奏貢獻。 |
| | In summer, in the sixth month, Cheqi Jiangjun Dou Xian departed from Jilu Sai; Duoliao Jiangjun Deng Hong left Zhongyang Sai. The Southern Chanyu advanced through Manyi Valley. They joined forces and fought against the Northern Xiongnu at Jimuluoshan, achieving a decisive victory. Pursuing them all the way to Hequ Beidi Hai (the northern sea of Hedou). Dou Xian then ascended Yanyan Mountain, where he carved stone inscriptions to record his achievements before returning. The Northern Chanyu sent his younger brother, You Wenyudui Wang, to submit a report and present tribute offerings.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
秋七月乙未，會稽山崩。 |
| | In autumn, on the Yiwei day of the seventh month, the Kuaiji Mountains collapsed.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
閏月丙子，詔曰：「匈奴背叛，為害久遠。賴祖宗之靈，師克有捷，醜虜破碎，遂掃厥庭，役不再籍，萬里清蕩，非朕小子眇身所能克堪。有司其案舊典，告類薦功，以章休烈。」 |
| | On the Bingzi day of the intercalary month, an edict was issued: "The Xiongnu have betrayed their allegiance and caused harm for a long time. "Thanks to the blessings of our ancestors, our armies have achieved victory; these wicked enemies are shattered and their territory cleared. Conscription is no longer needed, and a thousand miles of land has been purified—this is not something my humble self could accomplish alone." "Officials should refer to past precedents, report exemplary achievements and recommend meritorious deeds, so as to honor these glorious accomplishments."
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
九月庚申，以車騎將軍竇憲為大將軍，以中郎將劉尚為車騎將軍。 |
| | On the Gengshen day of the ninth month, Cheqi Jiangjun Dou Xuan was appointed as Da Jiangjun (Grand General), and Zhonglangjiang Liu Shang became Cheqi Jiangjun.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
冬十月，令郡國弛刑輸作軍營。其徙出塞者，刑雖未竟，皆免歸田里。 |
| | In winter, in the tenth month, an order was issued to commanderies and states: release convicts for labor at military camps. Those who had been relocated beyond the frontier should be released back to their hometowns, even if their sentences were not yet completed.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
庚子，阜陵王延薨。 |
| | On the Gengzi day, King Fuling Yan passed away.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
是歲，郡國九大水。 |
| | In this year, nine commanderies and states experienced major floods.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
二年春正月丁丑，大赦天下。 |
| | In spring, on the Dingchou day of the first month in the second year, a general pardon was granted throughout the realm.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
二月壬午，日有食之。 |
| | On the Renwu day of the second month, there was a solar eclipse.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
己亥，復置西河、上郡屬國都尉官。 |
| | On the Jihai day, the posts of Xue He and Shang Jun Shugu Guwei were reestablished.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
夏五月庚戌，分太山為濟北國，分樂成、涿郡、勃海為河閒國。丙辰，封皇弟壽為濟北王，開為河閒王，淑為城陽王，紹封故淮陽王疠子側為常山王。賜公卿以下至佐史錢布各有差。 |
| | In summer, on the Gengxu day of the fifth month, Taishan was divided to form Jibei Guo; Lecheng, Zhuo Jun, and Bo Hai were split off to create Hejian Guo. On the Bingchen day, the emperor's younger brother Shou was enfeoffed as King of Jibei; Kai became King of Hejian; Shu became King of Chengyang. In addition, Cese, son of former King Huaiyang Li, was granted the title of King of Changshan by hereditary right. Grants of money and cloth were bestowed upon officials from the ranks of gongqing down to assistant clerks, with amounts varying according to rank.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
己未，遣副校尉閻磐討北匈奴，取伊吾盧地。 |
| | On the Jiwu day, Fu Xiaowei Yan Pan was dispatched to campaign against the Northern Xiongu and captured Yiwulu territory.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
丁卯，紹封故齊王晃子無忌為齊王，北海王睦子威為北海王。 |
| | On the Dingmao day, Wujin, son of former King Qi Huang, was granted the title King of Qi by hereditary right; Wei, son of King Beihai Mu, became King of Beihai.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
車師前後王並遣子入侍。 |
| | The kings of Qushier Qianhou both sent their sons to serve at court.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
月氏國遣兵攻西域長史班超，超擊降之。 |
| | The Yuezhi state dispatched troops to attack Ban Chao, the longshi (long-term administrator) of the Western Regions; Ban Chao defeated and subdued them.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
六月辛卯，中山王焉薨。 |
| | On the Xinmao day of the sixth month, King Zhongshan Yan passed away.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
秋七月乙卯，大將軍竇憲出屯涼州。九月，北匈奴遣使稱臣。 |
| | In autumn, on the Yimao day of the seventh month, Da Jiangjun Dou Xian was stationed in Liangzhou. In September, the Northern Xiongnu sent envoys to submit as vassals.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
冬十月，遣行中郎將班固報命南單于。遣左谷蠡王師子出雞鹿塞，擊北匈奴於河雲北，大破之。 |
| | In winter, in October, Ban Gu, acting Zhonglangjiang, was dispatched to deliver a reply to the Southern Chanyu. The Left Gulu Wang Shizi departed from Jilu Sai and attacked the Northern Xiongnu in Heyunbei, achieving a decisive victory over them.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
三年春正月甲子，皇帝加元服，賜諸侯王、公、將軍、特進、中二千石、列侯、宗室子孫在京師奉朝請者黃金，將、大夫、郎吏、從官帛。賜民爵及粟帛各有差，大酺五日。郡國中都官繫囚死罪贖縑，至司寇及亡命，各有差。庚辰，賜京師民酺，布兩戶共一匹。 |
| | In spring, on the Jiazi day of the first month in the third year, the emperor donned his ceremonial cap for the coming-of-age ceremony. He bestowed gold to kings, marquises, generals, special envoys, officials ranked at 2000 dan, marquises, and descendants of the imperial clan residing in the capital who attended court audiences; silk was granted to commanders, scholars, Lang officers, and attendants. The people were also granted ranks of nobility as well as grain and silk in varying amounts; a five-day public feast was declared. In commanderies, states, and central government offices, convicts in custody who had committed capital crimes could redeem themselves with silk; the amount varied according to their offenses, ranging from Sike (a penal rank) to fugitives. On the Gengchen day, a public feast was granted to the people of the capital; two households shared one bolt of cloth.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
二月，大將軍竇憲遣左校尉耿夔出居延塞，圍北單于於金微山，大破之，獲其母閼氏。 |
| | In February, Da Jiangjun Dou Xuan dispatched Zuo Xiaowei Geng Kui to depart from Juyan Sai. They encircled the Northern Chanyu at Jinwei Mountain and achieved a decisive victory, capturing his mother, Yishi.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
夏六月辛卯，尊皇太后母比陽公主為長公主。 |
| | In summer, on the Xinmao day of June, the mother of Empress Dowager was honored as Princess Changgong, formerly Biyang Gongzhu.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
辛丑，阜陵王种薨。 |
| | On the Xinchou day, King Fuling Zhong passed away.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
冬十月癸未，行幸長安。詔曰：「北狄破滅，名王仍降，西域諸國，納質內附，豈非祖宗迪哲重光之鴻烈歟？寤寐歎息，想望舊京。其賜行所過二千石長吏已下及三老、官屬錢帛，各有差；鰥、寡、孤、獨、篤缮、貧不能自存者粟，人三斛。」 |
| | In winter, on the Guwei day of October, he made a tour to Chang'an. An edict stated: "The Northern Di have been defeated and destroyed, with their chieftains continuing to surrender. The various states of the Western Regions submit by sending hostages—could this not be a great achievement that reflects the wisdom and glory of our ancestors?" Day and night I sigh, longing for the former capital. Therefore, grants of money and silk shall be bestowed upon officials ranked at 200-dan and below who were stationed along the route taken on this journey, as well as to Sanlao (three elders) and other local officials, with amounts varying by rank; and grain shall be given to widowers, widows, orphans, the elderly without family, those with serious illnesses, and the poor unable to support themselves—three hu per person."
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
十一月癸卯，祠高廟，遂有事十一陵。詔曰：「高祖功臣，蕭、曹為首，有傳世不絕之義。曹相國後容城侯無嗣。朕望長陵東門，見二臣之壟，循其遠節，每有感焉。忠義獲寵，古今所同。可遣使者以中牢祠，大鴻臚求近親宜為嗣者，須景風紹封，以章厥功。」 |
| | On the Guimao day of November, he offered sacrifices at Gaomiào, then proceeded with ceremonies at all eleven mausoleums. An edict stated: "Among the meritorious ministers of Emperor Gaozu, Xiao He and Cao Can were foremost; they established a legacy that continued unbroken through generations. The descendants of Xiangguo Cao, the Rongcheng Hou, have no male heir to continue their lineage. "When I gazed eastward from the gate of Changling Mausoleum, I saw the tombs of these two ministers. Reflecting on their distant virtues and conduct, I was always deeply moved." "Loyalty and righteousness bring favor—this is a principle shared by both ancient and modern times." "Therefore, let envoys be sent to offer a medium-level sacrifice. The Grand Honglu shall seek among their close relatives someone suitable as an heir; wait for the time of Jingfeng before granting hereditary titles, so that their meritorious deeds may be honored."
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
十二月，復置西域都護、騎都尉、戊己校尉官。 |
| | In December, the posts of Du Hu (Protector General) of the Western Regions, Qiduwei, and Wujia Xiaowei were reestablished.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
庚辰，至自長安，減弛刑徒從駕者刑五月。 |
| | On the Gengchen day (December 10), he returned from Chang'an, and reduced by five months the sentences of convicts who had accompanied him on his journey.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
四年春正月，北匈奴右谷蠡王於除鞬自立為單于，款塞乞降。遣大將軍左校尉耿夔授璽綬。 |
| | In spring, in the first month of the fourth year, You Gulu Wang Yuchujian of the Northern Xiongnu declared himself Chanyu and submitted at the frontier, requesting to surrender. The emperor dispatched Zuo Xiaowei of Da Jiangjun Geng Kui to bestow the seal and sash upon him.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
三月癸丑，司徒袁安薨。閏月丁丑，太常丁鴻為司徒。 |
| | On the Guichou day of March, Situ Yuan An passed away. On the Dingchou day in the intercalary month, Dingtang Ding Hong was appointed as Situ.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
夏四月丙辰，大將軍竇憲還至京師。 |
| | In summer, on the Bingchen day of April, Da Jiangjun Dou Xun returned to the capital.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
六月戊戌朔，日有食之。丙辰，郡國十三地震。 |
| | On the first day of the sixth month (Wuxu), there was a solar eclipse. On the Bingchen day, thirteen commanderies and states experienced an earthquake.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
竇憲潛圖弒逆。庚申，幸北宮。詔收捕憲黨射聲校尉郭璜，璜子侍中舉，衛尉鄧疊，疊弟步兵校尉磊，皆下獄死。使謁者僕射收憲大將軍印綬，遣憲及弟篤、景就國，到皆自殺。 |
| | Dou Xian secretly plotted regicide and rebellion. On the Gengshen day, he went to Beigong Palace. An edict was issued ordering the arrest of Dou Xian's accomplices, She Sheng Xiaowei Guo Huang and his son Shizhong Ju, Weiwei Deng Die, and Deng Die's younger brother, Bubing Xiaowei Lei. All were imprisoned and died. Yezhe Puye was dispatched to confiscate Dou Xian's Da Jiangjun seal and sash. Dou Xian, along with his brothers Du and Jing, were sent back to their fiefs; upon arrival, they all committed suicide.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
是夏，旱，蝗。 |
| | That summer, there was a drought and locust plague.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
秋七月己丑，太尉宋由坐黨憲自殺。 |
| | In autumn, on the Jichou day of July, Taivue Song You committed suicide after being implicated in Dou Xian's faction.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
八月辛亥，司空任隗薨。 |
| | On the Xinhai day of August, Sikong Ren Wei died.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
癸丑，大司農尹睦為太尉，錄尚書事。 |
| | On the Guichou day, Dashinong Yin Mu was appointed as Taivue and concurrently served as chief minister of the Shangshu Office.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
丁巳，賜公卿以下至佐史錢穀各有差。 |
| | On the Dingsi day, monetary rewards and grain were bestowed upon officials from the ranks of gongqing down to assistant clerks, with amounts varying according to rank.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
冬十月己亥，宗正劉方為司空。 |
| | In winter, on the Jihai day of October, Zongzheng Liu Fang was appointed as Sikong.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
十二月壬辰，詔：「今年郡國秋稼為旱蝗所傷，其什四以上勿收田租、芻稿；有不滿者，以實除之。」 |
| | On the Rencheng day of December, an edict was issued: "This year, autumn harvests in commanderies and states were damaged by drought and locusts. For areas where damage exceeds forty percent, no land taxes or fodder levies shall be collected; for those with less than that, the amount should be reduced according to actual conditions."
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
武陵零陵澧中蠻叛。燒當羌寇金城。 |
| | The Liling and Li Zhong Miao people in Wuling rebelled. Shaochang Qiang raiders attacked Jincheng.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
五年春正月乙亥，宗祀五帝於明堂，遂登靈臺，望雲物。大赦天下。 |
| | In the fifth year, in spring, on the Yihai day of January, ancestral rites were performed for the Five Emperors at Mingtang Hall. The emperor then ascended Lingtai to observe the clouds and omens. A general pardon was granted throughout the empire.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
戊子，千乘王伉薨。 |
| | On the Wuzi day, Qiucheng Wang Kang died.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
辛卯，封皇弟萬歲為廣宗王。 |
| | On the Xinmao day, the emperor's younger brother Wan sui was enfeoffed as Guangzong Wang.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
二月戊戌，詔有司省減內外廄及涼州諸苑馬。自京師離宮果園上林廣成囿悉以假貧民，恣得采捕，不收其稅。 |
| | In February, on the Wuxu day, an edict was issued instructing officials to reduce and streamline horse breeding in both internal and external stables as well as at various pastures in Liangzhou. All fruit orchards, gardens, and hunting reserves of the imperial palaces outside the capital—such as Shanglin and Guangcheng You—were leased to poor peasants, who were allowed free access for gathering and hunting without being required to pay taxes.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
丁未，詔曰：「去年秋麥入少，恐民食不足。其上尤貧不能自給者戶口人數。往者郡國上貧民，以衣履釜鬵為貲，而豪右得其饒利。詔書實覈，欲有以益之，而長吏不能躬親，反更徵召會聚，令失農作，愁擾百姓。若復有犯者，二千石先坐。」 |
| | On the Dingwei day, an edict stated: "Last autumn's wheat harvest was low; I fear that food supplies for the people may be insufficient. Submit the number of households and individuals who are especially poor and unable to support themselves." In the past, when commanderies and states reported impoverished people, they assessed their assets based on clothing, footwear, cauldrons, and cooking utensils, allowing powerful local elites to profit from these assessments. The imperial edict ordered a thorough verification to provide relief, but local officials failed to personally oversee the process. Instead, they imposed additional summonses and gatherings, causing people to lose time for farming and distressing the common folk. "If any further violations occur, officials of the Erqianshi rank shall be punished first."
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
甲寅，太傅鄧彪薨。 |
| | On the Jiayin day, Taifu Deng Biao died.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
戊午，隴西地震。 |
| | On the Wuwu day, Longxi experienced an earthquake.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
三月戊子，詔曰：「選舉良才，為政之本。科別行能，必由鄉曲。而郡國舉吏，不加簡擇，故先帝明敕在所，令試之以職，乃得充選。又德行尤異，不須經職者，別署狀上。而宣布以來，出入九年，二千石曾不承奉，恣心從好，司隸、刺史訖無糾察。今新蒙赦令，且復申敕，後有犯者，顯明其罰。在位不以選舉為憂，督察不以發覺為負，非獨州郡也。是以庶官多非其人。下民被姦邪之傷，由法不行故也。」 |
| | In March, on the Wuzi day, an edict stated: "Selecting capable and virtuous individuals is the foundation of good governance. Assessments of conduct and ability must originate from one's native locality. Yet, commanderies and states in recommending officials failed to conduct proper screening; therefore, the late emperor clearly decreed that those recommended must first be tested through actual duties before being considered for appointment. Those whose moral character and conduct are exceptionally outstanding, who do not need to undergo such practical tests, should be separately noted in their records and submitted. Since the decree was announced, nearly nine years have passed; officials of Erqianshi rank never complied but acted according to their own preferences. The Sili and Cishi officials failed entirely to investigate or correct these violations. Now, having recently received the pardon decree, I hereby reiterate this order: for any future offenders, their punishments will be clearly and severely enforced. Those in office who do not take the selection of officials as a concern, and those responsible for oversight who do not consider it their duty to detect violations—this is not limited solely to commanderies and states. This is why many government posts are occupied by unqualified individuals. The common people suffer from the harm of corrupt and wicked officials, all because laws have not been properly enforced."
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
庚寅，遣使者分行貧民，舉實流冗，開倉賑稟三十餘郡。 |
| | On the Gengyin day, envoys were dispatched to tour impoverished areas, investigate actual conditions of displaced and redundant people, and open granaries to provide relief in more than thirty commanderies.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
夏四月壬子，封阜陵王种兄魴為阜陵王。 |
| | In summer, on the Renzi day of April, Fu Ling Wang Zhong's elder brother Fang was enfeoffed as Fu Ling Wang.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
六月丁酉，郡國三雨雹。 |
| | On the Dingyou day in June, three commanderies and states experienced rain mixed with hail.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
秋九月辛酉，廣宗王萬歲薨，無子，國除。 |
| | In autumn, on the Xinyou day of September, Guangzong Wang Wan sui died without an heir; his fief was abolished.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
匈奴單于於除鞬叛，遣中郎將任尚討滅之。 |
| | The Xiongnu Chanyu Yu Chuqian rebelled, and Zhonglangjiang Ren Shang was dispatched to suppress and eliminate him.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
壬午，令郡縣勸民蓄蔬食以助五穀。其官有陂池，令得采取，勿收假稅二歲。 |
| | On the Renwu day, an order was issued directing commanderies and counties to encourage the people to store vegetables as supplementary food for the five grains. For government-owned ponds and lakes, local authorities were permitted to collect resources from them without levying taxes or rental fees for two years.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
冬十月辛未，太尉尹睦薨。十一月乙丑，太僕張酺為太尉。 |
| | In winter, on the Xinwei day of October, Taivue Yin Mu died. On the Yichou day in November, Taipu Zhang Pu was appointed as Taivue.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
是歲，武陵郡兵破叛蠻，降之。護羌校尉貫友討燒當羌，羌乃遁去。南單于安國叛，骨都侯喜斬之。 |
| | In this year, the military forces of Wuling Jun defeated the rebellious Miao people and brought them under submission. Huqiang Xiaowei Guan You launched a campaign against Shaochang Qiang, who then fled. The southern Chanyu An Guo rebelled; Gudu Hou Xi killed him.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
六年春正月，永昌徼外夷遣使譯獻犀牛、大象。 |
| | In the sixth year, in spring January, non-Chinese tribes beyond the borders of Yongchang sent envoys and interpreters to present rhinoceroses and elephants as tribute.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
己卯，司徒丁鴻薨。 |
| | On the Jimao day, SITU Ding Hong died.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
二月乙未，遣謁者分行稟貸三河、兗、冀、青州貧民。 |
| | In February, on the Yiwei day, Yezhe envoys were sent to distribute grain loans to impoverished people in Sanhe, Yan, Ji, and Qingzhou.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
許侯馬光自殺。 |
| | Marquess Gu Guang committed suicide.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
丁未，司空劉方為司徒，太常張奮為司空。 |
| | On the Dingwei day, Sikong Liu Fang became SITU, and Taichang Zhang Fen was appointed as Sikong.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
三月庚寅，詔流民所過郡國皆實稟之，其有販賣者勿出租稅，又欲就賤還歸者，復一歲田租、更賦。 |
| | In March, on the Gengyin day, an edict ordered that all commanderies and states through which displaced people passed must provide them with grain. Those who engaged in trade were exempt from paying rent or taxes; for those wishing to return to their original homes, one year's land tax and additional levies would be waived.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
丙寅，詔曰：「朕以眇末，承奉鴻烈。陰陽不和，水旱違度，濟河之域，凶饉流亡，而未獲忠言至謀，所以匡救之策。寤寐永歎，用思孔疚。惟官人不得於上，黎民不安于下，有司不念寬和，而競為苛刻，覆案不急，以妨民事，甚非所以上當天心，下濟元元也。思得忠良之士，以輔朕之不逮。其令三公、中二千石、二千石、內郡守相舉賢良方正、能直言極諫之士各一人。昭巖穴，披幽隱，遣詣公車，朕將悉聽焉。」帝乃親臨策問，選補郎吏。 |
| | On the Bingyin day, an imperial edict stated: "I, being of humble virtue and limited ability, have inherited this great legacy. The balance of yin and yang is disrupted, with floods and droughts occurring out of season. In the regions along the Ji and He rivers, there are disasters, famines, and displaced people, yet I have not received any loyal advice or profound strategies to correct these ills and provide relief. I am deeply troubled in my waking and sleeping hours, constantly burdened by this great sorrow. It is because officials are not properly appointed by those in power, and the common people remain unsettled below. Those responsible for governance do not consider leniency and harmony but instead compete to impose harshness. They pursue unnecessary investigations that hinder public affairs—this is far from fulfilling one's duty to align with Heaven's will above or to assist the common people below. I seek loyal and virtuous men who can assist in areas where I am lacking. Therefore, let the San Gong, Zhong Erqianshi, Erqianshi officials, and governors of interior commanderies recommend one each of virtuous and upright men who are capable of speaking truthfully and offering bold remonstrances. Search diligently in remote places, uncover those hidden from view, and send them to Gongche Office; I shall personally listen to all of them." The emperor then personally conducted examinations and selected candidates for appointments as Langli officials.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
夏四月，蜀郡徼外羌率種人遣使內附。 |
| | In summer, in April, Qiang tribes beyond the borders of Shu Jun sent envoys to submit and pledge allegiance.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
五月，城陽王淑薨。無子，國除。 |
| | In May, Chengyang Wang Shu died. He had no heir; his fief was therefore abolished.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
六月己酉，初令伏閉盡日。 |
| | On the Jiyou day of June, an order was first issued to close all government offices for the entire day during the Chushu period.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
秋七月，京師旱。詔中都官徒各除半刑，謫其未竟，五月已下皆免遣。丁巳，幸洛陽寺，錄囚徒，舉冤獄。收洛陽令下獄抵罪，司隸校尉、河南尹皆左降。未及還宮而澍雨。 |
| | In autumn, in July, there was a drought in the capital. An edict was issued reducing by half the sentences of convicts held in central government prisons, and those whose remaining terms were less than five months were to be pardoned and released. On the Dingsi day, the emperor visited Luoyang Temple, reviewed prisoners, and investigated cases of wrongful imprisonment. The Luoyang Ling was arrested and punished for his crimes; Sili Xiaowei and Henan Yin were both demoted. Before returning to the palace, heavy rain fell.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
西域都護班超大破焉耆、尉犁，斬其王。自是西域降服，納質者五十餘國。 |
| | Ban Chao, the Protector General of the Western Regions, heavily defeated Yanzhi and Yuli, killing their kings. From then on, the Western Regions submitted to Han authority, with more than fifty states sending hostages as a sign of allegiance.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
南單于安國從弟子逢侯率叛胡亡出塞。九月癸丑，以光祿勳鄧鴻行車騎將軍事，與越騎校尉馮柱、行度遼將軍朱徽、使匈奴中郎將杜崇討之。冬十一月，護烏桓校尉任尚率烏桓、鮮卑，大破逢侯，馮柱遣兵追擊。復之。 |
| | The nephew of Nan Chanyu An Guo, Sunzi Di Fenghou, led rebellious Hu people and fled beyond the frontier. In September, on the Kouchou day, Guanglu Xun Deng Hong was appointed to serve as Cheqiji Jiangjun, and he joined Yueqi Xiaowei Feng Zhu, Du Liaojiangjun Zhu Hui, and Zhonglangjiang Du Chong in a campaign against them. In winter, November, Hu Wuhuan Xiaowei Ren Shang led the Wuhuan and Xianbei forces to heavily defeat Fenghou. Feng Zhu dispatched troops in pursuit. They were defeated again.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
詔以勃海郡屬冀州。 |
| | An edict was issued assigning Bohai Jun to Ji Zhou.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
武陵漊中蠻叛，郡兵討平之。 |
| | The Miao people of Guizhong in Wuling rebelled, and the local military forces suppressed them.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
七年春正月，行車騎將軍鄧鴻、度遼將軍朱徽、中郎將杜崇皆下獄死。 |
| | In the seventh year, in spring January, Cheqiji Jiangjun Deng Hong, Du Liao Jiangjun Zhu Hui, and Zhonlangjiang Du Chong were all imprisoned and died.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
夏四月辛亥朔，日有食之。帝引見公卿問得失，令將、大夫、御史、謁者、博士、議郎、郎官會廷中，各言封事。詔曰：「元首不明，化流無良，政失於民，謫見于天。深惟庶事，五教在寬，是以舊典因孝廉之舉，以求其人。有司詳選郎官寬博有謀才任典城者三十人。」既而悉以所選郎出補長、相。 |
| | In summer, on the first day of April (Xinhai), there was a solar eclipse. The emperor summoned the gongqing officials to question them about governance and mistakes, ordering generals,大夫 (da fu), Yushi, Yezhe, Bohu, Yilang, and Langguan officials to gather in court, each submitting sealed memorials. An edict stated: "The ruler is not clear-sighted; moral influence has failed to produce virtuous people. Governance has neglected the people, and Heaven has shown its punishment through omens. Reflecting deeply on all matters of state, I have always believed that the Five Teachings should be practiced with leniency. Therefore, according to ancient precedents, we rely on the system of selecting filial and upright officials (xiu lian) to find virtuous men. "Officials in charge should carefully select thirty Langguan officers who are broad-minded, wise, and capable of managing cities according to established standards." Soon after, all the selected Lang officials were dispatched to serve as zhang or xiang (local magistrates).
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
五月辛卯，改千乘國為樂安國。 |
| | In May, on the Xinmao day, Qicheng Guo was renamed Le'an Guo.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
六月丙寅，沛王定薨。 |
| | On the Bingyin day of June, Pei Wang Ding died.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
秋七月乙巳，易陽地裂。九月癸卯，京師地震。 |
| | In autumn, on the Yisi day of July, the ground in Yiyang split open. On the Kaimao day of September, an earthquake struck the capital.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
八年春二月己丑，立貴人陰氏為皇后。賜天下男子爵，人二級，三老、孝悌、力田三級，民無名數及流民欲占者一級；鰥、寡、孤、獨、篤缮、貧不能自存者粟，人五斛。 |
| | In the eighth year, in spring February, on the Jichou day, Guiren Yin Shi was enstooled as empress. The emperor bestowed ranks of nobility upon men throughout the empire: two grades per person, three grades for Sanlao, filial and fraternal individuals, and diligent farmers, while one grade was given to nameless commoners and displaced people wishing to register. Five hu of grain were distributed to widowers, widows, orphans, the elderly without family, those with serious illnesses, and the poor who could not support themselves.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
夏四月癸亥，樂成王黨薨。 |
| | In summer, on the Guhai day of April, Lecheng Wang Dang died.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
甲子，詔賑貸并州四郡貧民。 |
| | On the Jiazi day, an edict provided relief and grain loans to impoverished people in four commanderies of Bingzhou.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
五月，河內、陳留蝗。 |
| | In May, locusts plagued Hedong and Chenliu.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
南匈奴右溫禺犢王叛，為寇。秋七月，行度遼將軍龐奮、越騎校尉馮柱追討之，斬右溫禺犢王。 |
| | The Right Wenyu Du Wang of the Southern Xiongnu rebelled and became a bandit. In autumn July, the acting Duliao General Pang Fen and Yueqi Jiaoyue Feng Zhu pursued and attacked them, beheading Right Wenyu Du Wang.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
車師後王叛，擊其前王。 |
| | The Later King of Cheshi rebelled and attacked the Former King.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
八月辛酉，飲酎。詔郡國中都官繫囚減死一等，詣敦煌戍。其犯大逆，募下蠶室；其女子宮。自死罪已下，至司寇及亡命者入贖，各有差。 |
| | On the Xinyou day of August, a ritual wine offering was made. An edict ordered that convicts held in prisons throughout the commanderies and kingdoms who would otherwise face capital punishment be reduced by one degree of severity, and assigned them to serve at Dunhuang. Those who committed great treason were castrated as eunuchs. Female offenders received the punishment of gong (female castration). For those whose crimes were less than capital, down to those sentenced as Sikou or fugitives from justice, the option of paying a redemption fine was available, with amounts varying according to circumstances.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
九月，京師蝗。吏民言事者，多歸責有司。詔曰：「蝗蟲之異，殆不虛生，萬方有罪，在予一人，而言事者專咎自下，非助我者也。朕寤寐恫瘝，思弭憂釁。昔楚嚴無災而懼，成王出郊而反風。將何以匡朕不逮，以塞災變？百僚師尹勉修厥職，刺史、二千石詳刑辟，理冤虐，恤鰥寡，矜孤弱，思惟致災興蝗之咎。」 |
| | In September, locusts plagued the capital. Officials and commoners who made reports on matters often attributed blame to the responsible officials. The emperor issued an edict: "The occurrence of locusts is not without cause; if there are crimes in the land, they lie with me alone. Yet those who report matters place blame solely on subordinates—these people do not assist me." "I have been deeply troubled in my waking and sleeping hours, seeking to eliminate worries and conflicts." In the past, Lord Yan of Chu feared calamities even when none occurred, while King Cheng went beyond the suburbs and the wind reversed. "How can you assist me in my shortcomings to avert this disaster?" "All officials and ministers should diligently perform their duties. Cishi, Erqianshi, and others must carefully handle criminal cases, rectify injustices, show concern for widows and orphans, and take pity on the weak and vulnerable, so as to reflect upon the causes of this disaster and locust plague."
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
庚子，復置廣陽郡。 |
| | On the Gengzi day, Guangyang Jun was reestablished.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
冬十月乙丑，北海王威有罪自殺。 |
| | In winter, on the Yichou day of October, Pei Wang Wei committed suicide after being found guilty of a crime.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
十二月辛亥，陳王羨薨。 |
| | On the Xinhai day of December, Chen Wang Xian died.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
丁巳，南宮宣室殿火。 |
| | On the Dingsi day, a fire broke out in the Xuanshi Hall of Nan Gong.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
九年春正月，永昌徼外蠻夷及撣國重譯奉貢。 |
| | In the ninth year, during spring January, non-Chinese tribes beyond the borders of Yongchang and the country of Dian submitted tribute through multiple interpreters.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
三月庚辰，隴西地震。 |
| | On the Gengchen day of March, an earthquake struck Longxi.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
癸巳，濟南王康薨。 |
| | On the Guisi day, Jining Wang Kang died.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
西域長史王林擊車師後王，斬之。 |
| | Wang Lin, the Changshi of Western Regions, attacked the Later King of Cheshi and killed him.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
夏四月丁卯，封樂成王黨子巡為樂成王。 |
| | In summer April, on the Dingmao day, Lecheng Wang Dang's son Xun was enfeoffed as King of Lecheng.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
六月，蝗、旱。戊辰，詔：「今年秋稼為蝗蟲所傷，皆勿收租、更、芻稿；若有所損失，以實除之，餘當收租者亦半入。其山林饒利，陂池漁採，以贍元元，勿收假稅。」秋七月，蝗蟲飛過京師。 |
| | In June, locusts and drought occurred. On the Wuchen day, an edict was issued: "This year's autumn harvest has been damaged by locusts; therefore, no land tax, additional levies, or straw shall be collected. If there are any losses, they will be exempted according to the actual damage; for what remains and is subject to rent collection, only half shall be taken." "Those with abundant resources in mountains and forests, as well as ponds and pools for fishing and gathering, shall be used to support the common people; no fictitious taxes shall be collected." In autumn July, locusts flew over the capital.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
八月，鮮卑寇肥如，遼東太守祭參下獄死。 |
| | In August, Xianbei raiders attacked Feiru; Liao Dong Taishou Jia Can was imprisoned and died.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
閏月辛巳，皇太后竇氏崩。丙申，葬章德皇后。 |
| | On the Xinsi day of the intercalary month, Empress Dowager Dou Shi passed away. On the Bingshen day, Empress Zhangde was buried.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
燒當羌寇隴西，殺長吏，遣行征西將軍劉尚、越騎校尉趙世等討破之。 |
| | Shaodang Qiang raiders attacked Longxi, killing local officials. The emperor dispatched the acting Zhengxi General Liu Shang, Yueqi Jiaoyue Zhao Shi and others to attack them, defeating their forces.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
九月庚申，司徒劉方策免，自殺。 |
| | On the Gengshen day of September, Sutu Liu Fang was relieved of his post and committed suicide.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
甲子，追尊皇妣梁貴人為皇太后。冬十月乙酉，改葬恭懷梁皇后于西陵。 |
| | On the Jiazi day, the emperor posthumously honored his mother, Liang Gui Ren, as Empress Dowager. In winter October, on the Yiyou day, Gonghuai Liang Huanghou was reburied at Xiling.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
十一月癸卯，光祿勳河南呂蓋為司徒。十二月丙寅，司空張奮罷。壬申，太僕韓稜為司空。 |
| | On the Kaimao day in November, Lü Gai of Henan, who held the position of Guanglu Xun, was appointed as Sutu. On the Bingyin day in December, Sikong Zhang Fen was dismissed from office. On the Renshen day, Tai Pu Han Leng became Sikong.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
己丑，復置若盧獄官。 |
| | On the Jichou day, the judicial officials of Ruolu were reestablished.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
十年春三月壬戌，詔曰：「隄防溝渠，所以順助地理，通利壅塞。今廢慢懈弛，不以為負。刺史、二千石其隨宜疏導。勿因緣妄發，以為煩擾，將顯行其罰。」 |
| | In the tenth year, during spring March, on the Renxu day, an edict stated: "Building dikes and maintaining canals is essential to harmonize with the terrain and ensure smooth water flow. "Now they are neglected and lax, not regarding it as their responsibility. "Cishi, Erqianshi should promptly carry out dredging according to local conditions." "Do not take advantage of the situation to recklessly initiate projects and cause disturbances; those who do so will be severely punished."
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
夏五月，京師大水。 |
| | In summer May, a great flood struck the capital.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
秋七月己巳，司空韓稜薨。八月丙子，太常太山巢堪為司空。 |
| | On the Jisi day of autumn July, Sikong Han Leng died. On the Bingzi day in August, Chao Kan of Taishan, who was Tai Chang, became Sikong.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
九月庚戌，復置廩犧官。 |
| | On the Gengxu day of September, the Linshi officials were reestablished.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
冬十月，五州雨水。 |
| | In winter October, five states experienced heavy rain and flooding.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
十二月，燒當羌豪迷唐等率種人詣闕貢獻。 |
| | In December, Mi Tang, the chieftain of Shaodang Qiang, led his people to present tribute at court.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
戊寅、梁王暢薨。 |
| | On the Wuyin day, Liang Wang Chang died.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
十一年春二月，遣使循行郡國，稟貸被災害不能自存者，令得漁采山林池澤，不收假稅。 |
| | In the eleventh year, during spring February, envoys were sent to travel through commanderies and kingdoms, providing grain loans to those who had suffered disasters and could not support themselves, allowing them to fish and gather resources from mountains, forests, ponds, and marshes without paying fictitious taxes.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
丙午，詔郡國中都官徒及篤缮老小女徒各除半刑，其未竟三月者，皆免歸田里。 |
| | On the Bingwu day, an edict ordered that half of the sentences be reduced for convicts held in commandery and kingdom prisons as well as female convicts who were elderly, seriously ill, or young. For those whose sentences had less than three months remaining, all would be pardoned and allowed to return to their hometowns.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
夏四月丙寅，大赦天下。 |
| | In summer April, on the Bingyin day, a general pardon was granted throughout the empire.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
己巳，復置右校尉官。 |
| | On the Jisi day, the office of You Jiaoyue was reestablished.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
秋七月辛卯，詔曰：「吏民踰僭，厚死傷生，是以舊令節之制度。頃者貴戚近親，百僚師尹，莫肯率從，有司不舉，怠放日甚。又商賈小民，或忘法禁，奇巧靡貨，流積公行。其在位犯者，當先舉正。巿道小民，但且申明憲綱，勿因科令，加虐羸弱。」 |
| | In autumn July, on the Xinmao day an edict stated: "Officials and commoners have exceeded their status in extravagant practices, prioritizing lavish funerals over the living. Therefore, previous regulations were established to control such customs. Recently, close relatives of the imperial family and high-ranking officials have refused to follow these rules; responsible authorities failed to enforce them, leading to increasing negligence and laxity. Moreover, merchants and commoners sometimes ignored legal prohibitions, trading in luxurious and extravagant goods that circulated openly. Those currently in office who have violated these rules should be punished first. "Regarding common people on the streets, merely issue clear decrees to uphold legal standards; do not impose harsh regulations that oppress the weak and vulnerable."
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
十二年春二月，旄牛徼外白狼、貗薄夷率種人內屬。 |
| | In spring February of the twelfth year, non-Chinese tribes such as Bailing and Bobo beyond the borders of Maoniu led their people to submit to imperial rule.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
詔貸被災諸郡民種糧。賜下貧、鰥、寡、孤、獨、不能自存者，及郡國流民，聽入陂池漁采，以助蔬食。 |
| | An edict provided grain loans for disaster-affected civilians in various commanderies. The poor, widowers, widows, orphants, the elderly without family who could not support themselves, as well as displaced people in commanderies and kingdoms were granted permission to fish and gather from ponds and marshes to supplement their food.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
三月丙申，詔曰：「比年不登，百姓虛匱。京師去冬無宿雪，今春無澍雨，黎民流離，困於道路。朕痛心疾首，靡知所濟。『瞻仰昊天，何辜今人？』三公朕之腹心，而未獲承天安民之策。數詔有司，務擇良吏。今猶不改，競為苛暴，侵愁小民，以求虛名，委任下吏，假埶行邪。是以令下而姦生，禁至而詐起。巧法析律，飾文增辭，貨行於言，罪成乎手，朕甚病焉，公卿不思助明好惡，將何以救其咎罰？咎罰既至，復令災及小民。若上下同心，庶或有瘳。其賜天下男子爵，人二級，三老、孝悌、力田三級，民無名數及流民欲占者人一級；鰥、寡、孤、獨、篤缮、貧不能自存者粟，人三斛。」 |
| | On the Bingshen day of March, an edict stated: "In recent years, harvests have been poor and the people are in dire straits. Last winter brought no snow to the capital, and this spring has seen no timely rain; common people are displaced and suffering on the roads. "I am deeply distressed and at a loss for how to relieve their plight." "Looking up to the vast heavens, what have these people done to deserve such suffering?" "The Three Dukes are my trusted advisors, yet they have not devised a strategy to appease Heaven and bring peace to the people. "I have repeatedly ordered responsible officials to select capable magistrates." "Yet they still do not reform, competing in harsh and oppressive governance, troubling the common people for false reputations, entrusting subordinates who abuse power to act corruptly." This is why decrees are issued but corruption arises, and prohibitions are enforced yet deceit spreads. "They twist the law, fabricate legal arguments, and use words to traffic in bribes; crimes are committed with their own hands. I am deeply troubled by this. If you ministers do not consider aiding me in distinguishing right from wrong, how can we avert these consequences?" "When punishment comes, it again falls upon the common people." "If officials and subjects unite in purpose, perhaps there may be a chance for recovery." Therefore, ranks of nobility were bestowed upon men throughout the empire: two grades per person; three grades for Sanlao (elders), filial and fraternal individuals (xiaoti), and diligent farmers (litian); one grade each for nameless commoners and displaced persons wishing to register. Three hu of grain were given to widowers, widows, orphaned children, the elderly without family support, those with serious illnesses (dushan), and the poor who could not sustain themselves.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
壬子，賜博士員弟子在太學者布，人三匹。 |
| | On the Renzi day, three bolts of cloth were granted to each doctoral student studying at Taixue (the Imperial Academy).
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
夏四月，日南象林蠻夷反，郡兵討破之。 |
| | In summer April, non-Chinese tribes in Xianglin of Riannan rebelled; the local garrison suppressed and defeated them.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
閏月，脤貸敦煌、張掖、五原民下貧者穀。 |
| | In the intercalary month, grain loans were provided to poor civilians in Dunhuang, Zhangye, and Wuyuan.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
戊辰，賑歸山崩。 |
| | On the Wuchen day, a mountain collapsed, causing disaster; relief measures were implemented.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
六月，舞陽大水，賜被水災尤貧者穀，人三斛。 |
| | In June, a great flood struck Wuyang; grain was given to the poorest victims of the disaster, three hu per person.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
秋七月辛亥朔，日有食之。 |
| | On the Xinhai day of autumn July (the first day of the month), there was a solar eclipse.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
九月戊午，太尉張酺免。丙寅，大司農張禹為太尉。 |
| | On the Wumu day in September, Taiwei Zhang Pu was dismissed from office. On the Bingyin day, Zhang Yu of Dashinong became Taiwei.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
冬十一月，西域蒙奇、兜勒二國遣使內附，賜其王金印紫綬。 |
| | In winter November, the two Western Regions states Mengqi and Doule sent envoys to submit to imperial authority; their kings were granted golden seals with purple sashes as a reward.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
是歲，燒當羌復叛。 |
| | In this year, the Shaodang Qiang once again rebelled.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
十三年春正月丁丑，帝幸東觀，覽書林，閱篇籍，博選術蓺之士以充其官。 |
| | In the thirteenth year, during spring January on the Dingchou day, the emperor visited Dongguan, examined the library collections, reviewed books and records, and selected learned scholars in various fields to fill official positions.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
二月，任城王尚薨。 |
| | In February, Rencheng Wang Shang died.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
丙午，賑貸張掖、居延、朔方、日南貧民及孤、寡、羸弱不能自存者。 |
| | On the Bingwu day, relief grain was distributed to poor civilians in Zhangye, Juyan, Shuofang, and Ri Nan, as well as orphans, widows, and the frail who were unable to support themselves.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
秋八月，詔象林民失農桑業者，賑貸種糧，稟賜下貧穀食。 |
| | In autumn August, an edict was issued providing relief grain and seeds to Xianglin civilians who had lost their farming or sericulture livelihoods, as well as granting grain rations to the poor.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
己亥，北宮盛饌門閣火。 |
| | On the Ji Hai day, a fire broke out at the Shengzhuan Gate Pavilion in Beigong Palace.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
護羌校尉周鮪擊燒當羌，破之。 |
| | Huqiang Jiaowei Zhou Li attacked the Shaodang Qiang and defeated them.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
荊州雨水。九月壬子，詔曰：「荊州比歲不節，今茲淫水為害，餘雖頗登，而多不均浹，深惟四民農食之本，慘然懷矜。其令天下半入今年田租、芻稿；有宜以實除者，如故事。貧民假種食，皆勿收責。」 |
| | Jingzhou experienced heavy rain and flooding. On the Renzi day in September, an edict stated: "Jingzhou has suffered from continuous misfortunes for several years. This year's excessive flooding has caused harm; although there have been some harvests, they are uneven and insufficient. I deeply consider that farming is the foundation of food for all four classes of people, and thus feel deep sorrow and compassion." Therefore, it is ordered that half of this year's land taxes and fodder levies be remitted nationwide; Wherever appropriate to fully exempt based on actual circumstances, do so according to established precedents. Do not collect debts from poor civilians who have borrowed seeds and food."
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
冬十一月，安息國遣使獻師子及條枝大爵。 |
| | In winter November, Anxi Guo sent envoys presenting lions and Taizhi large pheasants.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
丙辰，詔曰：「幽、并、涼州戶口率少，邊役眾劇，束脩良吏，進仕路狹。撫接夷狄，以人為本。其令緣邊郡口十萬以上歲舉孝廉一人，不滿十萬二歲舉一人，五萬以下三歲舉一人。」 |
| | On the Bingchen day, an edict stated: "The households and population in You, Bing, and Liang states are generally small, yet they bear heavy border military duties. Virtuous local officials find their career advancement paths narrow." Managing relations with the Yi and Di peoples should be based on humanity. łoż Therefore, it is decreed that border counties with a population of over 100,000 shall recommend one filial and upright official annually; those with less than 100,00, but more than 50,000, shall do so every two years; and those with under 50,000 may recommend one every three years."
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
鮮卑寇右北平，遂入漁陽，漁陽太守擊破之。 |
| | The Xianbei raided Youbeiping and then entered Yuyang, where the governor of Yuyang defeated them.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
戊辰，司徒呂蓋罷。十二月丁丑，光祿勳魯恭為司徒。 |
| | On the Wuchen day, Siku Lu Gai was dismissed from office. On the Dingchou day in December, Guangluxun Lu Gong became Siku.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
辛卯，巫蠻叛，寇南郡。 |
| | On the Xinmao day, the Wu man rebels attacked Nan Jun.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
十四年春二月乙卯，東海王政薨。 |
| | In the fourteenth year, during spring February on the Yimao day, Donghai Wang Zheng died.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
繕修故西海郡，徙金城西部都尉以戍之。 |
| | Repairs were made to the former Xihai Jun; the western commandery commander of Jincheng was transferred there for garrison duty.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
三月戊辰，臨辟雍，饗射，大赦天下。 |
| | In March on the Wuchen day, he visited Linbiyong, held a ceremonial banquet and archery ceremony, and issued a general pardon throughout the realm.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
夏四月，遣使者督荊州兵討巫蠻，破降之。 |
| | In summer April, envoys were sent to supervise troops from Jingzhou in an expedition against the Wu man rebels; they were defeated and surrendered.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
庚辰，賑貸張掖、居延、敦煌、五原、漢陽、會稽流民下貧穀，各有差。 |
| | On the Gengchen day, relief grain was provided to displaced and poor civilians in Zhangye, Jiyuan, Dunhuang, Wuyuan, Hanyang, and Kuaiji; the amounts varied according to circumstances.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
五月丁未，初置象林將兵長史官。 |
| | On the Dingwei day in May, the position of Jiangbing Changshi was first established for Xianglin.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
六月辛卯，廢皇后陰氏，后父特進綱自殺。 |
| | In June on the Xinmao day, Empress Yin was deposed; her father Tejin Gang committed suicide.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
秋七月甲寅，詔復象林縣更賦、田租、芻稿二歲。 |
| | In autumn July on the Jia yin day, an edict restored the tax and grain levies for Xianglin Xian to be collected over two years.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
壬子，常山王側薨。 |
| | On the Renzi day, Changshan Wang Ce died.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
是秋，三州雨水。冬十月甲申，詔：「兗、豫、荊州今年水雨淫過，多傷農功。其令被害什四以上皆半入田租、芻稿；其不滿者，以實除之。」 |
| | In this autumn, three states experienced heavy rains and flooding. In winter October on the Jiashen day, an edict declared: "This year's excessive rains in Yan, Yu, and Jing states have caused significant damage to farming efforts. Therefore, it is ordered that for areas where the damage exceeds forty percent of the total, half of the land taxes and fodder levies shall be remitted; and for those with less damage, exemptions should be granted according to actual circumstances."
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
辛卯，立貴人鄧氏為皇后。 |
| | On the Xinmao day, Guiren Deng was elevated to empress.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
丁酉，司空巢堪罷。十一月癸卯，大司農徐防為司空。 |
| | On the Dingyou day, Sikong Chao Kan was dismissed from office. In November on the Kaimao day, Dashinong Xu Fang became Sikong.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
是歲，初復郡國上計補郎官。 |
| | In this year, it was first restored that local commanderies and states would recommend candidates for official positions through the Shangji system to supplement Langguan officials.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
十五年春閏月乙未，詔流民欲還歸本而無糧食者，過所實稟之，疾病加致醫藥；其不欲還歸者，勿強。 |
| | In the fifteenth year, during spring's intercalary month on the Yiwei day, an edict decreed that displaced civilians wishing to return home but lacking food would be provided with travel permits and rations according to their actual needs; those who were ill would receive additional medical treatment. Those who do not wish to return should not be forced.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
二月，詔稟貸潁川、汝南、陳留、江夏、梁國、敦煌貧民。 |
| | In February, an edict provided grain rations and loans to poor civilians in Yingchuan, Runan, Chenliu, Jiangxia, Liang Guo, and Dunhuang.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
夏四月甲子晦，日有食之。五月戊寅，南陽大風。 |
| | On the Jiazi day of summer April (the last day of the month), there was an eclipse of the sun. In May on the Wuyin day, a strong wind struck Nanyang.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
六月，詔令百姓鰥寡漁采陂池，勿收假稅二歲。 |
| | In June, an edict ordered that widowers and widows among the common people be allowed to fish and gather resources from ponds and reservoirs without paying rental taxes for two years.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
秋七月丙寅，濟南王錯薨。 |
| | In autumn July on the Bingyin day, Jining Wang Cuo died.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
復置涿郡故安鐵官。 |
| | The iron official post in Guoan of Zhuo Jun was reestablished.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
九月壬午，南巡狩，清河王慶、濟北王壽、河閒王開並從。賜所過二千石長吏以下、三老、官屬及民百年者錢布，各有差。是秋，四州雨水。冬十月戊申，幸章陵，祠舊宅。癸丑，祠園廟，會宗室於舊廬，勞賜作樂。戊午，進幸雲夢，臨漢水而還。十一月甲申，車駕還宮，賜從臣及留者公卿以下錢布，各有差。 |
| | In September on the Renwu day, the emperor embarked on a southern inspection tour; Qinghe Wang Qing, Jibei Wang Shou, and Hejian Wang Kai all accompanied him. Those passing through were granted money and cloth to local officials of the second thousand rank and below, Sanlao elders, government staff, and civilians who had reached one hundred years of age; amounts varied according to status. In this autumn, four states experienced heavy rains and floods. In winter October on the Wushen day, the emperor visited Zhangling to perform ancestral rites at his former residence. On the Guichou day, he paid homage at the ancestral temple and tomb, convened relatives of the imperial family in the old residence, and hosted a banquet with music and rewards. On the Wuwu day, he proceeded to Yunmeng, visited the Hanshui River, and then returned. In November on the Jiashen day, when the imperial procession returned to the palace, money and cloth were granted to accompanying ministers and those who had remained behind, including officials down to the rank of gongqing; amounts varied according to position.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
十二月庚子，琅邪王宇薨。 |
| | In December on the Gengzi day, Langya Wang Yu died.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
有司奏，以為夏至則微陰起，靡草死，可以決小事。 |
| | The officials submitted a report stating that at the summer solstice, slight overcast weather begins and withering grass dies; it is an appropriate time to decide minor legal cases.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
是歲，初令郡國以日北至案薄刑。 |
| | In this year, for the first time, local commanderies and states were ordered to review and reduce minor criminal punishments on the day of the summer solstice.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
十六年春正月己卯，詔貧民有田業而以匱乏不能自農者，貸種糧。 |
| | In the sixteenth year, during spring January on Jimo day, an edict granted seed grain loans to poor civilians who owned farmland but lacked sufficient resources to farm it themselves.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
二月己未，詔兗、豫、徐、冀四州比年雨多傷稼，禁沽酒。夏四月，遣三府掾分行四州，貧民無以耕者，為雇犁牛直。 |
| | In February on the Jiwu day, an edict prohibited alcohol sales in Yan, Yu, Xu, and Ji states due to several years of excessive rain damaging crops. In summer April, officials from the three departments were dispatched to tour these four states; for poor civilians unable to farm, they arranged to hire oxen and plows at fair prices.
|
| | 孝和孝殤... : |
五月壬午，趙王商薨。 |
| | In May on the Renwu day, Zhao Wang Shang died.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
秋七月，旱。戊午，詔曰：「今秋稼方穗而旱，雲雨不霑，疑吏行慘刻，不宣恩澤，妄拘無罪，幽閉良善所致。其一切囚徒於法疑者勿決，以奉秋令。方察煩苛之吏，顯明其罰。」 |
| | In autumn July, there was a drought. On the Wuwu day, an edict said: "This autumn's crops are just forming ears when a drought occurs; clouds and rain fail to reach them. I suspect that this is caused by officials acting harshly and cruelly, failing to spread imperial grace, and wrongly detaining the innocent while imprisoning the virtuous." Therefore, all prisoners whose cases are doubtful under the law should be put on hold for now in accordance with autumn regulations. Those officials who have been found to act oppressively and harshly will be investigated, and their punishments clearly enforced."
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
辛酉，司徒魯恭免。庚午，光祿勳張酺為司徒。 |
| | On the Xin you day, Siku Lu Gong was dismissed from office. On the Gengwu day, Guangluxun Zhang Pu became Siku.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
辛巳，詔令天下皆半入今年田租、芻稿；其被災害者，以實除之。貧民受貸種糧及田租、芻稿、皆勿收責。 |
| | On the Xin si day, an edict ordered that half of this year's land taxes and fodder levies should be remitted nationwide; those who suffered from disasters should have their taxes fully exempted according to actual circumstances. Poor civilians who had borrowed seed grain and were in debt for land taxes or fodder levies should not have these debts collected.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
八月己酉，司徒張酺薨。冬十月辛卯，司空徐防為司徒，大鴻臚陳寵為司空。 |
| | In August on the Jiyou day, Siku Zhang Pu died. In winter October on the Xinmou day, Sikong Xu Fang became Siku, and Dahanlu Chen Chong became Sikong.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
十一月己丑，行幸緱氏，登百岯山，賜百官從臣布，各有差。 |
| | In November on the Jichou day, the emperor traveled to Goushi, ascended Baifeng Mountain, and granted cloth rewards to officials accompanying him; amounts varied according to rank.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
北匈奴遣使稱臣貢獻。 |
| | The Northern Xiongnu sent envoys offering submission and tribute.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
十二月，復置遼東西部都尉官。 |
| | In December, the position of western commandery commander in Liaodong was reestablished.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
元興元年春正月戊午，引三署郎召見禁中，選除七十五人，補謁者、長、相。 |
| | In the first year of Yuanxing, during spring January on Wumu day, seventy-five officials from three departments were summoned for an audience in the palace and selected to fill positions as Yezhe, Chang, and Xiang.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
高句驪寇郡界。 |
| | The Goguryeo raided the borders of the commandery.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
夏四月庚午，大赦天下，改元元興。宗室以罪絕者，悉復屬籍。 |
| | In summer April on the Gengwu day, a general pardon was issued throughout the realm and the era name changed to Yuanxing. Members of the imperial clan whose family lines had been severed due to crimes were all reinstated into their ancestral registers.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
五月癸酉，雍地裂。 |
| | In May on the Guiyou day, a land fissure occurred in Yong.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
秋九月，遼東太守耿夔擊貊人，破之。 |
| | 略 In autumn September, the governor of Liaodong, Geng Kui, attacked the Mo people and defeated them.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
冬十二月辛未，帝崩于章德前殿，年二十七。立皇子隆為皇太子。賜天下男子爵，人二級，三老、孝悌、力田人三級，民無名數及流民欲占者人一級；鰥、寡、孤、獨、篤缮、貧不能自存者粟，人三斛。 |
| | In winter December on the Xinwei day, the emperor passed away in Qian Dian of Zhangde Palace at the age of twenty-seven. The imperial son Long was established as Crown Prince. All men throughout the realm were granted ranks of nobility: two ranks per person; three ranks for Sanlao, filial and respectful individuals, and those known for agricultural diligence; one rank each for nameless commoners and displaced civilians wishing to settle. Grain rations of three hu per person were given to widowers, widows, orphans, the elderly without family, those with serious illnesses, and the poor unable to support themselves.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
自竇憲誅後，帝躬親萬機。每有災異，輒延問公卿，極言得失。前後符瑞八十一所，自稱德薄，皆抑而不宣。舊南海獻龍眼、荔支，十里一置，五里一候，奔騰阻險，死者繼路。時臨武長汝南唐羌，縣接南海，乃上書陳狀。帝下詔曰：「遠國珍羞，本以薦奉宗廟。苟有傷害，豈愛民之本。其敕太官勿復受獻。」由是遂省焉。 |
| | After Dou Xian was executed, the emperor personally attended to all major affairs of state. Whenever natural disasters or unusual events occurred, he would summon ministers and high officials for consultation, encouraging them to speak frankly about gains and losses. There were eighty-one reported omens of auspicious signs before and after his reign; he always claimed his virtue was insufficient, and suppressed them without public announcement. Previously, Longyan and Litchi fruits were presented from Nanhai; relays were set up every ten li with messengers stationed every five li. The frantic transport through treacherous terrain resulted in many deaths along the way. At that time, Linwu Xian's governor Tang Qiang of Runan submitted a memorial describing this situation. The emperor issued an edict stating: "Exotic delicacies from distant lands were originally offered to the ancestral temples. If their transportation causes harm, how can this be in accordance with the fundamental principle of loving the people? Therefore, I order Taiguan to cease accepting such tributes." From then on, these practices were abolished.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
論曰：自中興以後，逮于永元，雖頗有弛張，而俱存不擾，是以齊民歲增，聞土世廣。偏師出塞，則漠北地空；都護西指，則通譯四萬。豈其道遠三代，術長前世？將服叛去來，自有數也？ |
| | Commentary: Since the reign of renewal, until Yongyuan, although there were occasional relaxations and tightenings of policies, in general they did not disturb the people. Therefore, the common people increased year by year, and cultivated land expanded throughout the world. When a small force crossed the frontier, then the northern steppes were left empty; When the Protector General pointed westward, then interpreters and guides numbered in the forty thousand. Was their virtue not as great as that of the Three Dynasties, or their methods not superior to those of previous ages? Is it because submission and rebellion, departure and return, are all determined by fate?
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
孝殤皇帝諱隆，和帝少子也。元興元年十二月辛未夜，即皇帝位，時誕育百餘日。尊皇后曰皇太后，太后臨朝。 |
| | Xiaoshang Huangdi, whose personal name was Long, was the youngest son of Hedai. On the Xinwei day of the twelfth month (January 10, 105 AD), in the night of Yuanying Yuan Nian, he ascended the imperial throne; at that time, he was only over a hundred days old. The empress consort was honored as Empress Dowager, and she assumed power from the throne.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
北匈奴遣使稱臣，詣敦煌奉獻。 |
| | The Northern Xiongnu sent envoys to pay homage, arriving at Dunhuang to present tributes.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
延平元年春正月辛卯，太尉張禹為太傅。司徒徐防為太尉，參錄尚書事，百官總己以聽。封皇兄勝為平原王。癸卯，光祿勳梁鮪為司徒。 |
| | In the first month of spring in Yanning Yuan Nian (February 15, 106 AD), Zhang Yu, the Taiwei, was appointed as Taifu. Situ Xu Fang became Taiwei and concurrently served as a participating minister in charge of Shangshu affairs, with all officials deferring to him for decisions. The emperor's elder brother, Sheng, was enfeoffed as the King of Pingyuan. On the Gaimao day (March 28, 106 AD) of that year, Liang Yu, Minister of Light and Merit, was appointed as Situ.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
三月甲申，葬孝和皇帝于慎陵，尊廟曰穆宗。 |
| | On the Jia Shen day of the third month (April 28, 105 AD) in that year, Emperor Xiaohe was buried at Shenling Mausoleum; his temple name was honored as Muzong.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
丙戌，清河王慶、濟北王壽、河閒王開、常山王章始就國。 |
| | On the Bing Xu day (May 10, 198 AD), Prince Qinghe Wang Qing, Prince Jibei Wang Shou, Prince Hejian Wang Kai, and Prince Changshan Wang Zhang began to take up their fiefs.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
夏四月庚申，詔罷祀官不在祀典者。 |
| | In the fourth month of summer (May 24, 106 AD), an edict was issued to dismiss officials responsible for sacrifices who were not included in the official ritual records.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
鮮卑寇漁陽，漁陽太守張顯追擊，戰沒。 |
| | The Xianbei raided Yuyang, and Zhang Xian, the governor of Yuyang, pursued them but was killed in battle.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
丙寅，以虎賁中郎將鄧騭為車騎將軍。 |
| | On the Bing Yin day (June 18, 106 AD), Deng Zhong, the Huhen Zhonglangjiang, was appointed as Chaji General.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
司空陳寵薨。 |
| | Sikong Chen Chong died.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
五月辛卯，皇太后詔曰：「皇帝幼沖，承統鴻業，朕且權佐助聽政，兢兢寅畏，不知所濟。深惟至治之本，道化在前，刑罰在後。將稽中和，廣施慶惠，與吏民更始。其大赦天下。自建武以來諸犯禁錮，詔書雖解，有司持重，多不奉行，其皆復為平民。」 |
| | On the Xin Mao day of the fifth month (June 23, 106 AD), Empress Dowager issued an edict: "The emperor is still young and has inherited this great legacy. I am temporarily assisting in governance with utmost caution and reverence, yet I do not know how to bring about success. I deeply reflect that the foundation of ideal governance lies in moral instruction first, with punishment following as a last resort. We shall examine the principles of harmony and justice, widely bestow blessings and favors, and begin anew together with officials and common people. Therefore, a general pardon is granted throughout the realm. Since Jianwu, those who had been previously banned for violating laws and decrees—although imperial edicts have already lifted these restrictions, officials have hesitated to implement them. Now they shall all be restored as common citizens."
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
壬辰，河東垣山崩。 |
| | On the Renchen day (July 4, 106 AD)， a mountain in Yuanchuan, Hedong collapsed.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
六月丁未，太常尹勤為司空。 |
| | On the Dingwei day of the sixth month （ July 29, 106 AD ）， Yin Qin, Minister of Rites, was appointed as Sikong.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
郡國三十七雨水。己未，詔曰：「自夏以來，陰雨過節，飕氣不效，將有厥咎。寤寐憂惶，未知所由。昔夏后惡衣服，菲飲食，孔子曰『吾無閒然』。今新遭大憂，且歲節未和，徹膳損服，庶有補焉。其減太官、導官、尚方、內署諸服御珍膳靡麗難成之物。」 |
| | Heavy rains occurred in thirty-seven commanderies and states. On the Jiwei day (August 10, 129 AD), an edict stated: "Since summer, excessive rains have persisted beyond their season; the winds are not clearing as they should. There must be some fault for this. I am deeply anxious and fearful in my waking and sleeping hours, yet I do not understand its cause. In the past, Emperor Xiahou despised fine clothing and simple food; Confucius said, "I have no complaints about this." Now, having recently suffered great sorrow, and with the seasons out of harmony, we shall reduce our meals and simplify our attire in hopes that this may bring some improvement. Therefore, the Taiguan, Dao Guan, Shangfang, and Neishu shall reduce all luxurious and difficult-to-prepare delicacies and ornaments used by the imperial household."
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
丁卯，詔司徒、大司農、長樂少府曰：「朕以無德，佐助統政，夙夜經營，懼失厥衷。思惟治道，由近及遠，先內後外。自建武之初以至于今，八十餘年，宮人歲增，房御彌廣。又宗室坐事沒入者，猶託名公族，甚可愍焉。今悉免遣，及掖庭宮人，皆為庶民，以抒幽隔鬱滯之情。諸官府、郡國、王侯家奴婢姓劉及疲缮羸老，皆上其名，務令實悉。」 |
| | On the Ding Mao day (August 20, 135 AD), an edict addressed to Situ, Daisinong, and Changle Shaofu stated: "I am unworthy of virtue, yet I assist in governing state affairs. Day and night I manage these matters with fear of failing my duty. Reflecting on the principles of governance, one should begin from near to far, and attend first to internal affairs before external ones. Since the beginning of Jianwu until now, over eighty years have passed; the number of palace attendants has increased each year, and the imperial quarters have expanded. Moreover, members of the royal family who were seized due to crimes still claim descent from the imperial clan; this is truly pitiable. Now, they shall all be released and exempted, along with palace attendants of Yeting; they are to become commoners in order to relieve the sorrow and stagnation caused by their seclusion. All government offices, commanderies, states, and noble families must submit the names of their slaves who bear the surname Liu or are weak and elderly; ensure that these records are complete and accurate."
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
秋七月庚寅，敕司隸校尉、部刺史曰：「夫天降災戾，應政而至。閒者郡國或有水災，妨害秋稼。朝廷惟咎，憂惶悼懼。而郡國欲獲豐穰虛飾之譽，遂覆蔽災害，多張墾田，不揣流亡，競增戶口，掩匿盜賊，令姦惡無懲，署用非次，選舉乖宜，貪苛慘毒，延及平民。刺史垂頭塞耳，阿私下比，『不畏于天，不愧于人』。假貸之恩，不可數恃，自今以後，將糾其罰。二千石長吏其各實覈所傷害，為除田租、芻稿。」 |
| | In the seventh month of autumn (August 14, 106 AD on the Julian calendar), an imperial decree was issued to Silijiao Wei and regional Cishi: "Heaven sends disasters as a response to governance. Recently, some commanderies and states have suffered from floods that have damaged the autumn harvests. The court reflects on its faults with deep anxiety and fear. Yet, some commanderies and states desire to gain the reputation of bountiful harvests through false embellishments. Thus, they conceal disasters, exaggerate cultivated land areas, ignore population losses due to migration, compete in increasing household registrations, hide bandits and criminals, allowing evildoers to escape punishment; appointments are made without proper order, selections for office are inappropriate, and corrupt officials impose cruel and harsh policies that affect even the common people. Cishi officials turn a blind eye and deaf ear, colluding in secret for personal gain, 'fearing neither Heaven nor feeling shame before people.' The mercy of loans cannot be relied upon repeatedly. From now on, their penalties will be enforced. All magistrates and senior officials of the second thousand-dan rank must thoroughly investigate the extent of damage, and exempt affected areas from land taxes and fodder levies."
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
八月辛亥，帝崩。癸丑，殯于崇德前殿。年二歲。 |
| | On the Xin Hai day of the eighth month (September 18, 209 AD), the emperor died. 隆重 On the Gouchou day (October 1, 209 AD) , he was placed in a coffin and kept at Chongde Qian Dian Hall. He was two years old.
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| | 孝和孝殤... : |
贊曰：孝和沈烈，率由前則。王赫自中，賜命彊慝。抑沒祥符，登顯時德。殤世何早，平原弗克。 |
| | Eulogy: Emperor Xiaohe, solemn and resolute, followed the precedents of his predecessors. From within the court, King He wielded authority to bestow commands and suppress wickedness. Suppressing auspicious omens, he elevated the virtue of his time. How early passed away the reign of Shang; Pingyuan could not achieve success.
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