| | 丧服小记: |
斩衰，括发以麻；为母，括发以麻，免而以布。齐衰，恶笄以终丧。 |
| Sang Fu Xiao Ji: |
When wearing the unhemmed sackcloth (for a father), (the son) tied up his hair with a hempen (band), and also when wearing it for a mother. When he exchanged this band for the cincture (in the case of mourning for his mother), this was made of linen cloth. (A wife), when wearing the (one year's mourning) of sackcloth with the edges even, had the girdle (of the same), and the inferior hair-pin (of hazel-wood), and wore these to the end of the mourning. |
| | 丧服小记: |
男子冠而妇人笄，男子免而妇人髽。其义：为男子则免，为妇人则髽。 |
| Sang Fu Xiao Ji: |
(Ordinarily) men wore the cap, and women the hair-pin; (in mourning) men wore the cincture, and women the same after the female fashion. The idea was (simply) to maintain in this way a distinction between them. |
| | 丧服小记: |
苴杖，竹也；削杖，桐也。 |
| Sang Fu Xiao Ji: |
The dark-coloured staff was of bamboo; that paired and fashioned (at the end) was of eleococca wood. |
| | 丧服小记: |
祖父卒，而后为祖母后者三年。 |
| Sang Fu Xiao Ji: |
When the grandfather was dead, and afterwards (the grandson) had to go into mourning for his grandmother, he, being the representative of the family (through the death of his father), did so for three years. |
| | 丧服小记: |
为父母，长子稽颡。大夫吊之，虽缌必稽颡。妇人为夫与长子稽颡，其馀则否。 |
| Sang Fu Xiao Ji: |
The eldest son (at the mourning rites) for his father or mother, (before bowing to a visitor who had come to condole with him), first laid his forehead to the ground (as an expression of his sorrow). When a Great officer came to condole (with an ordinary officer), though it might be (only) in a case of the three months' mourning (the latter first) laid his forehead to the ground. A wife, at the rites for her husband or eldest son, bowed her head to the ground before she saluted a visitor; but in mourning for others, she did not do so. |
| | 丧服小记: |
男主必使同姓，妇主必使异姓。 |
| Sang Fu Xiao Ji: |
The man employed to preside (at the mourning rites) was required to be of the same surname (as the deceased parent); the wife so employed, of a different surname. |
| | 丧服小记: |
为父后者为出母无服。 |
| Sang Fu Xiao Ji: |
The son who was his father's successor (as now head of the family) did not wear mourning for his mother who had been divorced. |
| | 丧服小记: |
亲亲，以三为五，以五为九。上杀，下杀，旁杀，而亲毕矣。 |
| Sang Fu Xiao Ji: |
In counting kindred (and the mourning to be worn of them), the three closest degrees become expanded into five, and those five again into nine. The mourning diminished as the degrees ascended or descended, and the collateral branches also were correspondingly less mourned for; and the mourning for kindred thus came to an end. |
| | 丧服小记: |
王者禘其祖之所自出，以其祖配之，而立四庙。庶子王，亦如之。 |
| Sang Fu Xiao Ji: |
At the great royal sacrifice to all ancestors, the first place was given to him from whom the founder of the line sprang, and that founder had the place of assessor to him. There came thus to be established four ancestral shrines. In the case of a son by another than the queen coming to be king, the same course was observed. |
| | 丧服小记: |
别子为祖，继别为宗，继祢者为小宗。有五世而迁之宗，其继高祖者也。是故，祖迁于上，宗易于下。尊祖故敬宗，敬宗所以尊祖祢也。 |
| Sang Fu Xiao Ji: |
When a son other than (the eldest) became the ancestor (of a branch of the same line), his successor was its Honoured Head, and he who followed him (in the line) was its smaller Honoured Head. After five generations there was a change again of the Honoured Head; but all in continuation of the High Ancestor. Hence the removal of the ancestor took place high up (in the line), and the change of the Honoured Head low down (in it). Because they honoured the ancestor, they reverenced the Honoured Head; their reverencing the Honoured Head was the way in which they expressed the honour which they paid to the ancestor and his immediate successor. |
| | 丧服小记: |
庶子不祭祖者，明其宗也。庶子不为长子斩，不继祖与祢故也。庶子不祭殇与无后者，殇与无后者从祖祔食。庶子不祭祢者，明其宗也。 |
| Sang Fu Xiao Ji: |
That any other son but the eldest did not sacrifice to his grandfather showed that (only he was in the direct line from) the Honoured Head (of their branch of the family). So, no son but he wore the (three years) unhemmed sackcloth for his eldest son, because the eldest son of no other continued (the direct line) of the grandfather and father. None of the other sons sacrificed to a son (of his own) who had died prematurely, or one who had left no posterity. (The tablet of) such an one was placed along with that of his grandfather, and shared in the offerings made to him. Nor could any of them sacrifice to their father; showing that (the eldest son was the representative of) the Honoured Head. |
| | 丧服小记: |
亲亲尊尊长长，男女之有别，人道之大者也。 |
| Sang Fu Xiao Ji: |
(In the distinctions of the mourning) for the kindred who are the nearest, the honoured ones to whom honour is paid, the elders who are venerated for their age, and as the different tributes to males and females; there are seen the greatest manifestations of the course which is right for men. |
| | 丧服小记: |
从服者，所从亡则已。属从者，所从虽没也服。妾从女君而出，则不为女君之子服。 |
| Sang Fu Xiao Ji: |
Where mourning would be worn from one's relation with another for parties simply on the ground of that affinity, when that other was dead, the mourning ceased. Where it would have been worn for them on the ground of consanguinity, even though that other were dead, it was still worn. When a concubine had followed a ruler's wife to the harem, and the wife came to be divorced, the concubine, (following her out of the harem), did not wear mourning for her son. |
| | 丧服小记: |
礼不王不禘。 |
| Sang Fu Xiao Ji: |
According to the rules, no one but the king offered the united sacrifice to all ancestors. |
| | 丧服小记: |
世子不降妻之父母；其为妻也，与大夫之适子同。 |
| Sang Fu Xiao Ji: |
The heir-son (of the king or a feudal lord) did not diminish the mourning for the parents of his wife. For his wife he wore the mourning which the eldest and rightful son of a Great officer did for his. |
| | 丧服小记: |
父为士，子为天子诸侯，则祭以天子诸侯，其尸服以士服。父为天子诸侯，子为士，祭以士，其尸服以士服。 |
| Sang Fu Xiao Ji: |
When the father was an officer, and the son came to be king or a feudal prince, the father was sacrificed to with the rites of a king or a lord; but the personator wore the dress of an officer. When the father had been the son of Heaven, or a feudal lord, and the son was (only) an officer, the father was sacrificed to with the rites of an officer, but his personator wore only the dress of an officer. |
| | 丧服小记: |
妇当丧而出，则除之。为父母丧，未练而出，则三年。既练而出，则已。未练而反，则期；既练而反，则遂之。 |
| Sang Fu Xiao Ji: |
If a wife were divorced while wearing the mourning (for her father or mother-in-law), she put it off. If the thing took place while she was wearing the mourning for her own parents, and before she had completed the first year's mourning, she continued to wear it for the three years; but if that term had been completed, she did not resume the mourning. If she were called back before the completion of the year, she wore it to the end of that term; but if that term had been completed before she was called back, she went on wearing it to the regular term of mourning for parents. |
| | 丧服小记: |
再期之丧，三年也；期之丧，二年也。九月七月之丧，三时也；五月之丧，二时也；三月之丧，一时也。故期而祭，礼也；期而除丧，道也。祭不为除丧也。 |
| Sang Fu Xiao Ji: |
The mourning which lasted for two complete years was (held to be) for three years; and that which lasted for one complete year for two years. The mourning for nine months and that for seven months was held to be for three seasons; that for five months for two; and that for three months for one. Hence the sacrifice at the end of the completed year was according to the prescribed rule; but the putting off the mourning (or a part of it) then was the course (prompted by natural feeling). The sacrifice was not on account of the putting off of the mourning. |
| | 丧服小记: |
三年而后葬者必再祭，其祭之间不同时而除丧。 |
| Sang Fu Xiao Ji: |
When the interment (for some reason) did not take place till after the three years, it was the rule that the two sacrifices (proper at the end of the first and second years) should then be offered. Between them, but not all at the same time, the mourning was put off. |
| | 丧服小记: |
大功者主人之丧，有三年者，则必为之再祭。朋友，虞祔而已。 |
| Sang Fu Xiao Ji: |
If a relative who had himself to wear only the nine months' mourning for the deceased took the direction of the mourning rites in the case of any who must continue their mourning for three years, it was the rule that he should offer for them the two annual terminal sacrifices. If one who was merely a friend took that direction, he only offered the sacrifice of Repose, and that at the placing of the tablet in the shrine. |
| | 丧服小记: |
士妾有子，而为之缌，无子则已。 |
| Sang Fu Xiao Ji: |
When the concubine of an officer had a son, he wore the three months' mourning for her. If she had no son, he did not do so. |
| | 丧服小记: |
生不及祖父母诸父昆弟，而父税丧，己则否。降而在缌小功者，则税之。 |
| Sang Fu Xiao Ji: |
When one had been born (in another state), and had had no intercourse with his grand-uncles and aunts, uncles and cousins, and his father, on hearing of the death of any of them, proceeded to wear mourning, he did not do so. If one did not (through being abroad) hear of the death of his ruler's father or mother, wife or eldest son, till the ruler had put off his mourning, he did not proceed to wear any. If it were a case, however, where the mourning was reduced to that of three months, he wore it. |
| | 丧服小记: |
为君之父母、妻、长子，君已除丧而后闻丧，则不税。近臣，君服斯服矣；其馀，从而服，不从而税。君虽未知丧，臣服已。 |
| Sang Fu Xiao Ji: |
(Small) servants in attendance on the ruler, (who had followed him abroad), when he assumed mourning (on his return, for relatives who had died when he was away), also put it on. Other and (higher officers in his train) also did so; but if the proper term for the mourning in the case were past, they did not do so. (Those who had remained at home), though the ruler could not know of their doing so, had worn the (regular) mourning. |
| | 丧服小记: |
虞，杖不入于室；祔，杖不升于堂。 |
| Sang Fu Xiao Ji: |
(The presiding mourner), after the sacrifice of Repose, did not carry his staff in proceeding to his apartment; after the placing of the tablet of the deceased (in the shrine of the grandfather), he did not carry it in going up to the hall. |
| | 丧服小记: |
为君母后者，君母卒，则不为君母之党服。 |
| Sang Fu Xiao Ji: |
The (son of another lady of the harem), who had been adopted as the child of the (childless) wife of the ruler, when that wife died, did not go into mourning for her kindred. |
| | 丧服小记: |
绖杀五分而去一，杖大如绖。 |
| Sang Fu Xiao Ji: |
The sash was shorter (than the headband), by one-fifth of the length (of the latter). The staff was of the same length as the sash. |
| | 丧服小记: |
妾为君之长子与女君同。 |
| Sang Fu Xiao Ji: |
For the ruler's eldest son a concubine wore mourning for the same time as his wife, (the son's mother). |
| | 丧服小记: |
除丧者，先重者；易服者，易轻者。 |
| Sang Fu Xiao Ji: |
In putting off the mourning attire, they commenced with what was considered most important. In changing it, they commenced with what was considered least important. |
| | 丧服小记: |
无事不辟庙门。哭皆于其次。 |
| Sang Fu Xiao Ji: |
When there was not the (regular) occasion for it, they did not open the door of the temple. All wailed in the (mourning) shed (at other times). |
| | 丧服小记: |
复与书铭，自天子达于士，其辞一也。男子称名，妇人书姓与伯仲，如不知姓则书氏。 |
| Sang Fu Xiao Ji: |
In calling the dead back, and writing the inscription (to be exhibited over the coffin), the language was the same for all, from the son of Heaven to the ordinary officer. A man was called by his name. For a wife they wrote her surname, and her place among her sisters. If they did not know her surname, they wrote the branch-name of her family. |
| | 丧服小记: |
斩衰之葛与齐衰之麻同。齐衰之葛与大功之麻同。麻同，皆兼服之。 |
| Sang Fu Xiao Ji: |
The girdle of dolychos cloth assumed with the unhemmed sackcloth (at the end of the wailing), and the hempen girdle worn when one (first) put on the hemmed sackcloth (of one year's mourning), were of the same size. The girdle of dolychos cloth assumed (as a change) in the hemmed sackcloth mourning, and that of hempen cloth at the (beginning of the) nine months' mourning, were of the same size. When the occasion for assuming the girdle of the lighter mourning occurred, a man wore both it and the other together. |
| | 丧服小记: |
报葬者报虞，三月而后卒哭。 |
| Sang Fu Xiao Ji: |
An early interment was followed by an early sacrifice of repose. But they did not end their wailing till the three months were completed. |
| | 丧服小记: |
父母之丧偕，先葬者不虞祔，待后事。其葬，服斩衰。 |
| Sang Fu Xiao Ji: |
When the mourning rites for both parents occurred at the same time, the sacrifices of repose and of the enshrining of the tablet, for the (mother) who was buried first, did not take place till after the burial of the father. The sackcloth worn at her interment was the unhemmed and jagged. |
| | 丧服小记: |
大夫降其庶子，其孙不降其父。大夫不主士之丧。 |
| Sang Fu Xiao Ji: |
A Great officer reduced the (period of) mourning for a son by a concubine; but his grandson, (the son of that son), did not reduce his mourning for his father. A Great officer did not preside at the mourning rites for an (ordinary) officer. |
| | 丧服小记: |
为慈母之父母无服。 |
| Sang Fu Xiao Ji: |
For the parents of his nurse a man did not wear mourning. |
| | 丧服小记: |
夫为人后者，其妻为舅姑大功。 |
| Sang Fu Xiao Ji: |
When the husband had become the successor and representative of some other man (than his own father), his wife wore the nine months' mourning for his parents-in-law. |
| | 丧服小记: |
士祔于大夫则易牲。 |
| Sang Fu Xiao Ji: |
When the tablet of an (ordinary) officer was placed in the shrine of (his grandfather who had been) a Great officer, the victim due to him (as an officer) was changed (for that due to a Great officer). |
| | 丧服小记: |
继父不同居也者；必尝同居。皆无主后。同财而祭其祖祢为同居；有主后者为异居。 |
| Sang Fu Xiao Ji: |
A son who had not lived with his step-father (did not wear mourning for him). (They) must have lived together and both be without sons to preside at their mourning rites; and (the stepfather moreover) must have shared his resources with the son, and enabled him to sacrifice to his grandfather and father, (in order to his wearing mourning for him);--under these conditions they were said to live together. If they had sons to preside at the mourning rites for them, they lived apart. |
| | 丧服小记: |
哭朋友者于门外之右南面。 |
| Sang Fu Xiao Ji: |
When people wailed for a friend, they did so outside the door (of the principal apartment), on the left of it, with their faces towards the south. |
| | 丧服小记: |
祔葬者不筮宅。 |
| Sang Fu Xiao Ji: |
When one was buried in a grave already occupied, there was no divination about the site (in the second case). |
| | 丧服小记: |
士大夫不得祔于诸侯，祔于诸祖父之为士大夫者，其妻祔于诸祖姑，妾祔于妾祖姑；亡则中一以上而祔。祔必以其昭穆。诸侯不得祔于天子，天子、诸侯、大夫可以祔于士。 |
| Sang Fu Xiao Ji: |
The tablet of an (ordinary) officer or of a Great officer could not be placed in the shrine of a grandfather who had been the lord of a state; it was placed in that of a brother of the grandfather who had been an (ordinary) officer or a Great officer, The tablet of his wife was placed by the tablet of that brother's wife, and that of his concubine by the tablet of that brother's concubine. If there had been no such concubine, it was placed by the tablet of that brother's grandfather; for in all such places respect was had to the rules concerning the relative positions assigned to the tablets of father and son. The tablet of a feudal lord could not be placed in the shrine of the son of Heaven (from whom he was born or descended); but that of the son of Heaven, of a feudal lord, or of a Great officer, could be placed in the shrine of an (ordinary) officer (from whom he was descended). |
| | 丧服小记: |
为母之君母，母卒则不服。 |
| Sang Fu Xiao Ji: |
For his mother's mother, who had been the wife proper of her father, if his mother were dead, a son did not wear mourning. |
| | 丧服小记: |
宗子，母在为妻禫。 |
| Sang Fu Xiao Ji: |
The son who was the lineal Head of his new branch of the surname, even though his mother were alive, (his father being dead), completed the full period of mourning for his wife. |
| | 丧服小记: |
为慈母后者，为庶母可也，为祖庶母可也。 |
| Sang Fu Xiao Ji: |
A concubine's son who had been reared by another, might act as son to that other; and she might be any concubine of his father or of his grandfather. |
| | 丧服小记: |
为父、母、妻、长子禫。 |
| Sang Fu Xiao Ji: |
The mourning went on to the than ceremony for a parent, a wife, and the eldest son. |
| | 丧服小记: |
慈母与妾母，不世祭也。 |
| Sang Fu Xiao Ji: |
To a nursing mother, or any concubine who was a mother, sacrifice was not maintained for a second generation. |
| | 丧服小记: |
丈夫冠而不为殇，妇人笄而不为殇。为殇后者，以其服服之。 |
| Sang Fu Xiao Ji: |
When a grown-up youth had been capped, (and died), though his death could not be considered premature; and a (young) wife, after having worn the hair-pin, (died), though neither could her death be said to be premature; yet, (if they died childless), those who would have presided at their rites, if they had died prematurely, wore the mourning for them which they would then have done. |
| | 丧服小记: |
久而不葬者，唯主丧者不除；其馀以麻终月数者，除丧则已。 |
| Sang Fu Xiao Ji: |
If an interment were delayed (by circumstances) for a long time, he who was presiding over the mourning rites was the only one who did not put off his mourning. The others having worn the hempen (band) for the number of months (proper in their relation to the deceased), put off their mourning, and made an end of it. |
| | 丧服小记: |
箭笄终丧三年。 |
| Sang Fu Xiao Ji: |
The hair-pin of the arrow-bamboo was worn by (an unmarried daughter for her father) to the end of the three years' mourning. |
| | 丧服小记: |
齐衰三月与大功同者，绳屦。 |
| Sang Fu Xiao Ji: |
That in which those who wore the sackcloth with even edges for three months, and those who wore (it) for all the nine months' mourning agreed, was the shoes made of strings (of hemp). |
| | 丧服小记: |
练，筮日筮尸，视濯，皆要绖杖绳屦。有司告具，而后去杖。筮日筮尸，有司告事毕而后杖，拜送宾。大祥，吉服而筮尸。 |
| Sang Fu Xiao Ji: |
When the time was come for the sacrifice at the end of the first year's mourning, they consulted the divining stalks about the day for it, and the individual who was to act as personator of the deceased. They looked that everything was clean, and that all wore the proper girdle, carried their staffs, and had on the shoes of hempen-string. When the officers charged with this announced that all was ready, (the son) laid aside his staff, and assisted at the divinations for the day and for the personator. The officers having announced that these were over, he resumed his staff, bowed to the guests (who had arrived in the meantime), and escorted them away. At the sacrifice for the end of the second year, (the son) wore his auspicious (court) robes, and divined about the personator. |
| | 丧服小记: |
庶子在父之室，则为其母不禫。庶子不以杖即位。父不主庶子之丧，则孙以杖即位可也。父在，庶子为妻以杖即位可也。 |
| Sang Fu Xiao Ji: |
The son of a concubine, living in the same house with his father, did not observe the sacrifice at the end of the mourning for his mother. Nor did such a son carry his staff in proceeding to his place for wailing. As the father did not preside at the mourning rites for the son of a concubine, that son's son might carry his staff in going to his place for wailing. Even while the father was present, the son of a concubine, in mourning for his wife, might carry his staff in going to that place. |
| | 丧服小记: |
诸侯吊于异国之臣，则其君为主。 |
| Sang Fu Xiao Ji: |
When a feudal prince went to condole on the death of a minister of another state, (being himself there on a visit), the ruler of that state received him and acted as the presiding mourner. |
| | 丧服小记: |
诸侯吊，必皮弁锡衰。所吊虽已葬，主人必免。主人未丧服，则君于不锡衰。 |
| Sang Fu Xiao Ji: |
The rule was that he should wear the skin cap and the starched sackcloth. Though the deceased on account of whom he paid his condolences had been interred, the presiding mourner wore the mourning cincture. If he had not yet assumed the full mourning dress, the visitor also did not wear that starched sackcloth. |
| | 丧服小记: |
养有疾者不丧服，遂以主其丧。非养者入主人之丧，则不易己之丧服。养尊者必易服，养卑者否。 |
| Sang Fu Xiao Ji: |
One who was ministering to another who was ill did not do so in the mourning clothes (which he might be wearing); and (if the patient died), he might go on to preside at the mourning rites for him. But if another relative, who had not ministered to the deceased in his illness, came in to preside at the rites for him, he did not change the mourning which he might be wearing. In ministering to one more honourable than himself, the rule required a person to change the mourning he might be wearing, but not if the other were of lower position. |
| | 丧服小记: |
妾无妾祖姑者，易牲而祔于女君可也。 |
| Sang Fu Xiao Ji: |
If there had been no concubine of her husband's grandmother by whose tablet that of a deceased concubine might be placed, it might be placed by that of the grandmother, the victim offered on the occasion being changed. |
| | 丧服小记: |
妇之丧、虞、卒哭，其夫若子主之。祔，则舅主之。 |
| Sang Fu Xiao Ji: |
In the mourning rites for a wife, at the sacrifices of repose and on the ending of the wailing, her husband or son presided; when her tablet was put in its place, her father-in-law presided. |
| | 丧服小记: |
士不摄大夫。士摄大夫，唯宗子。 |
| Sang Fu Xiao Ji: |
An (ordinary) officer did not take the place of presiding (at the mourning rites) for a Great officer. It was only when he was the direct descendant of the Honoured Head of their branch of the surname that he could do so. |
| | 丧服小记: |
主人未除丧，有兄弟自他国至，则主人不免而为主。 |
| Sang Fu Xiao Ji: |
If a cousin arrived from another state (to take part in the rites), before the presiding mourner had put off his mourning, the latter received him in the part of host, but without the mourning cincture. |
| | 丧服小记: |
陈器之道，多陈之而省纳之可也；省陈之而尽纳之可也。 |
| Sang Fu Xiao Ji: |
The course pursued in displaying the articles, (vessels to the eye of fancy, to be put into the grave), was this - If they were (too) many as displayed, a portion of them might be put into the grave; if they were comparatively few as displayed, they might all be put into it. |
| | 丧服小记: |
奔兄弟之丧，先之墓而后之家，为位而哭。所知之丧，则哭于宫而后之墓。 |
| Sang Fu Xiao Ji: |
Parties hurrying to the mourning rites for a brother or cousin (whose burial had taken place) first went to the grave and afterwards to the house, selecting places at which to perform their wailing. If the deceased had (only) been an acquaintance, they (first) wailed in the apartment (where the coffin had been), and afterwards went to the grave. |
| | 丧服小记: |
父不为众子次于外。 |
| Sang Fu Xiao Ji: |
A father (at the mourning rites) for any of his other sons did not pass the night in the shed outside (the middle door, as for his eldest son by his wife). |
| | 丧服小记: |
与诸侯为兄弟者服斩。 |
| Sang Fu Xiao Ji: |
The brothers and cousins of a feudal prince wore the unhemmed sackcloth (in mourning for him). |
| | 丧服小记: |
下殇小功，带，澡麻不绝本，诎而反以报之。 |
| Sang Fu Xiao Ji: |
In the five months' mourning for one who had died in the lowest stage of immaturity, the sash was of bleached hemp from which the roots were not cut away. These were turned back and tucked in. |
| | 丧服小记: |
妇祔于祖姑，祖姑有三人，则祔于亲者。 |
| Sang Fu Xiao Ji: |
When the tablet of a wife was to be placed by that of her husband's grandmother, if there were three (who could be so denominated), it was placed by that of her who' was the mother of her husband's father. |
| | 丧服小记: |
其妻为大夫而卒，而后其夫不为大夫，而祔于其妻则不易牲。 |
| Sang Fu Xiao Ji: |
In the case of a wife dying while her husband was a Great officer, and his ceasing, after her death, to be of that rank; if his tablet were placed (on his death) by that of his wife, the victim on the occasion was not changed (from that due to an ordinary officer). But if her husband (who had been an officer) became a Great officer after her death, then the victim at the placing of his tablet by hers was that due to a Great officer. |
| | 丧服小记: |
为父后者，为出母无服。无服也者，丧者不祭故也。 |
| Sang Fu Xiao Ji: |
A son who was or would be his fathers successor did not wear mourning for his divorced mother. He did not wear such mourning, because one engaged in mourning rites could not offer sacrifice. |
| | 丧服小记: |
妇人不为主而杖者：姑在为夫杖，母为长子削杖。女子子在室为父母，其主丧者不杖，则子一人杖。 |
| Sang Fu Xiao Ji: |
When a wife did not preside at the mourning rites and yet carried the staff, it was when her mother-in-law was alive, and she did so for her husband. A mother carried the eleococca staff with its end cut square for the oldest son. A daughter, who was still in her apartment unmarried, carried a staff for her father or mother. If the relative superintending the rites did not carry the staff, then this one child did so. |
| | 丧服小记: |
缌小功，虞卒哭则免。既葬而不报虞，则虽主人皆冠，及虞则皆免。为兄弟既除丧已。及其葬也，反服其服。报虞卒哭则免。如不报虞则除之。远葬者比反哭者皆冠，及郊而后免反哭。 |
| Sang Fu Xiao Ji: |
In the mourning for three months and five months, at the sacrifice of repose and the ending of the wailing, they wore the mourning cincture. After the interment, if they did not immediately go to perform the sacrifice of repose, they all, even the presiding mourner, wore their caps; but when they came to the sacrifice of repose, they all assumed the cincture. When they had put off the mourning for a relative, on the arrival of his interment, they resumed it; and when they came to the sacrifice of repose and the ending of the wailing, they put on the cincture. If they did not immediately perform the sacrifice, they put it off. When they had been burying at a distance, and were returning to wail, they put on their caps. On arriving at the suburbs, they put on the cincture, and came back to wail. |
| | 丧服小记: |
君吊，虽不当免时也，主人必免，不散麻。虽异国之君，免也。亲者皆免。 |
| Sang Fu Xiao Ji: |
If the ruler came to condole with mourners, though it might not be the time for wearing the cincture, even the president of the rites assumed it, and did not allow the ends of his hempen girdle to hang loose. Even in the case of a visit from the ruler of another state, they assumed the cincture. The relatives all did so. |
| | 丧服小记: |
除殇之丧者，其祭也必玄。除成丧者，其祭也朝服缟冠。 |
| Sang Fu Xiao Ji: |
When they put off the mourning for one who had died prematurely, the rule was that at the (accompanying sacrifice, the dress should be dark-coloured. When they put off the mourning for one fully grown, they wore their court robes, with the cap of white, plain, silk. |
| | 丧服小记: |
奔父之丧，括发于堂上，袒降踊，袭绖于东方。奔母之丧，不括发，袒于堂上，降踊，袭免于东方。绖即位成踊，出门哭止。三日而五哭三袒。 |
| Sang Fu Xiao Ji: |
A son, who had hurried to the mourning rites of his father (from a distance), bound up his hair in the raised hall, bared his chest, descended to the court, and there performed his leaping. (The leaping over, he reascended), covered his chest, and put on his sash in an apartment on the east. If the rites were for his mother, he did not bind up his hair. He bared his chest, however, in the hall, descended to the court, and went through his leaping. (Reascending then), he covered his chest, and put on the cincture in the apartment on the east. In the girdle (or the cincture), he proceeded to the appointed place, and completed the leaping. He then went out from the door (of the coffin-room), and went to (the mourning shed). The wailing commencing at death had by this time ceased. In three days he wailed five times, and thrice bared his chest for the leaping. |
| | 丧服小记: |
适妇不为舅后者，则姑为之小功。 |
| Sang Fu Xiao Ji: |
When an eldest son and his wife could not take the place hereafter of his parents, then, (in the event of her death), her mother-in-law wore for her (only) the five months' mourning. |
