| | 禹贡: |
禹别九州，随山浚川，任土作贡。 |
| | 禹贡: |
禹敷土，随山刊木，奠高山大川。 |
| Tribute of Yu: |
Yu divided the land. Following the course of the hills, he cut down the trees. He determined the highest hills and largest rivers (in the several regions). |
| | 禹贡: |
冀州：既载壶口，治梁及岐。既修太原，至于岳阳；覃怀砥绩，至于衡漳。厥土惟白壤，厥赋惟上上错，厥田惟中中。恒、卫既从，大陆既作。岛夷皮服，夹右碣石入于河。 |
| Tribute of Yu: |
With respect to Ji Zhou, he did his work at Hu-kou, and took effective measures at (the mountains) Liang and Qi. Having repaired the works on Tai-Yuan, he proceeded on to the south of (mount) Yue. He was successful with his labours on Tan-huai, and went on to the cross-flowing stream of Zhang. The soil of this province was whitish and mellow. Its contribution of revenue was the highest of the highest class, with some proportion of the second. Its fields were the average of the middle class. The (waters of the) Heng and Wei were brought to their proper channels, and Da-lu was made capable of cultivation. The wild people of the islands (brought) dresses of skins (i.e. fur dresses); keeping close on the right to the rocks of Jie, they entered the He. |
| | 禹贡: |
济河惟兖州。九河既道，雷夏既泽，灉、沮会同。桑土既蚕，是降丘宅土。厥土黑坟，厥草惟繇，厥木惟条。厥田惟中下，厥赋贞，作十有三载乃同。厥贡漆丝，厥篚织文。浮于济、漯，达于河。 |
| Tribute of Yu: |
Between the Ji and the He was Yan Zhou. The nine branches of the He were made to keep their proper channels. Lei-xia was made a marsh, in which (the waters of) the Yong and the Ju were united. The mulberry grounds were made fit for silkworms, and then (the people) came down from the heights, and occupied the grounds (below). The soil of this province was blackish and rich; the grass in it was luxuriant, and the trees grew high. Its fields were the lowest of the middle class. Its contribution of revenue was fixed at what would just be deemed the correct amount; but it was not required from it, as from the other provinces, till after it had been cultivated for thirteen years. Its articles of tribute were varnish and silk, and, in baskets, woven ornamental fabrics. They floated along the Ji and Ta, and so reached the He. |
| | 禹贡: |
海岱惟青州。嵎夷既略，潍、淄其道。厥土白坟，海滨广斥。厥田惟上下，厥赋中上。厥贡盐絺，海物惟错。岱畎丝、枲、铅、松、怪石。莱夷作牧。厥篚檿丝。浮于汶，达于济。 |
| Tribute of Yu: |
The sea and (mount) Dai were the boundaries of Qing Zhou. (The territory of) Yu-yi was defined; and the Wei and Zi were made to keep their (old) channels. Its soil was whitish and rich. Along the shore of the sea were wide tracts of salt land. Its fields were the lowest of the first class, and its contribution of revenue the highest of the second. Its articles of tribute were salt, fine cloth of dolichos fibre, productions of the sea of various kinds; with silk, hemp, lead, pine trees, and strange stones, from the valleys of Dai. The wild people of Lai were taught tillage and pasturage, and brought in their baskets the silk from the mountain mulberry tree. They floated along the Wen, and so reached the Ji. |
| | 禹贡: |
海、岱及淮惟徐州。淮、沂其乂，蒙、羽其艺，大野既猪，东原砥平。厥土赤埴坟，草木渐包。厥田惟上中，厥赋中中。厥贡惟土五色，羽畎夏翟，峄阳孤桐，泗滨浮磬，淮夷蠙珠暨鱼。厥篚玄纤、缟。浮于淮、泗，达于河。 |
| Tribute of Yu: |
The sea, mount Dai, and the Huai were (the boundaries of) Xu Zhou. The Huai and the Yi (rivers) were regulated. The (hills) Meng and Yu were made fit for cultivation. (The waters of) Da-ye were confined (so as to form a marsh); and (the tract of) Dong-Yuan was successfully brought under management. The soil of this province was red, clayey, and rich. Its grass and trees grew more and more bushy. Its fields were the second of the highest class; its contribution of revenue was the average of the second. Its articles of tribute were: earth of five different colours, variegated pheasants from the valleys of mount Yu, the solitary dryandra from the south of mount Yi, and the sounding-stones that (seemed to) float on the (banks of the) Si. The wild tribes about the Huai brought oyster-pearls and fish, and their baskets full of deep azure and other silken fabrics, chequered and pure white. They floated along the Huai and the Si, and so reached the He. |
| | 禹贡: |
淮海惟扬州。彭蠡既猪，阳鸟攸居。三江既入，震泽砥定。筱、簜既敷，厥草惟夭，厥木惟乔。厥土惟涂泥。厥田唯下下，厥赋下上，上错。厥贡惟金三品，瑶、琨、筱、簜、齿、革、羽、毛惟木。鸟夷卉服。厥篚织贝，厥包橘柚，锡贡。沿于江、海，达于淮、泗。 |
| Tribute of Yu: |
The Huai and the sea formed (the boundaries of) Yang Zhou. The (lake of) Peng-li was confined to its proper limits, and the sun-birds (the wild geese) had places to settle on. The three Jiang were led to enter the sea, and it became possible to still the marsh of Zhen. The bamboos, small and large, then spread about; the grass grew thin and long, and the trees rose high; the soil was miry. The fields of this province were the lowest of the lowest class; its contribution of revenue was the highest of the lowest class, with a proportion of the class above. Its articles of tribute were gold, silver, and copper; yao and kun stones; bamboos, small and large; (elephants') teeth, hides, feathers, hair, and timber. The wild people of the islands brought garments of grass, with silks woven in shell-patterns in their baskets. Their bundles contained small oranges and pummeloes, rendered when specially required. They followed the course of the Jiang and the sea, and so reached the Huai and the Si. |
| | 禹贡: |
荆及衡阳惟荆州。江、汉朝宗于海，九江孔殷，沱、潜既道，云土、梦作乂。厥土惟涂泥，厥田惟下中，厥赋上下。厥贡羽、毛、齿、革惟金三品，杶、干、栝、柏，砺、砥、砮、丹，惟菌、簵、楛；三邦砥贡厥名。包匦菁茅，厥篚玄纁玑组，九江纳锡大龟。浮于江、沱、潜、汉，逾于洛，至于南河。 |
| Tribute of Yu: |
(Mount) Jing and the south of (mount) Heng formed (the boundaries of) Jing Zhou. The Jiang and the Han pursued their (common) course to the sea, as if they were hastening to court. The nine Jiang were brought into complete order. The Tuo and Qian (streams) were conducted by their proper channels. The land in (the marsh of) Yun (became visible), and (the marsh of) Meng was made capable of cultivation. The soil of this province was miry. Its fields were the average of the middle class; and its contribution of revenue was the lowest of the highest class. Its articles of tribute were feathers, hair, (elephants') teeth, and hides; gold, silver, and copper; chun trees, wood for bows, cedars, and cypresses; grindstones, whetstones, flint stones to make arrow-heads, and cinnabar; and the jun and lu bamboos, with the hu tree, (all good for making arrows) - of which the Three Regions were able to contribute the best specimens. The three-ribbed-rush was sent in bundles, put into cases. The baskets were filled with silken fabrics, azure and deep purple, and with strings of pearls that were not quite round. From the (country of the) nine Jiang, the great tortoise was presented when specially required (and found). They floated down the Jiang, the Tuo, the Qian, and the Han, and crossed (the country) to the Luo, whence they reached the most southern part of the He. |
| | 禹贡: |
荆河惟豫州。伊、洛、瀍、涧既入于河，荥波既猪。导菏泽，被孟猪。厥土惟壤，下土坟垆。厥田惟中上，厥赋错上中。厥贡漆、枲，絺、紵，厥篚纤、纩，锡贡磬错。浮于洛，达于河。 |
| Tribute of Yu: |
The Jing (mountain) and the He were (the boundaries of) Yu Zhou. The Yi, the Luo, the Chan, and the Jian were conducted to the He. The (marsh of) Rong-bo was confined within its proper limits. The (waters of that of) Ge were led to (the marsh of) Meng-zhu. The soil of this province was mellow; in the lower parts it was (in some places) rich, and (in others) dark and thin. Its fields were the highest of the middle class; and its contribution of revenue was the average of the highest class, with a proportion of the very highest. Its articles of tribute were varnish, hemp, fine cloth of dolichos fibre, and the boehmerea. The baskets were full of chequered silks, and of fine floss silk. Stones for polishing sounding-stones were rendered when required. They floated along the Luo, and so reached the He. |
| | 禹贡: |
华阳、黑水惟梁州。岷、嶓既艺，沱、潜既道。蔡、蒙旅平，和夷砥绩。厥土青黎，厥田惟下上，厥赋下中，三错。厥贡璆、铁、银、镂、砮磬、熊、罴、狐、狸、织皮，西倾因桓是来，浮于潜，逾于沔，入于渭，乱于河。 |
| Tribute of Yu: |
The south of (mount) Hua and the Blackwater, were (the boundaries of) Liang Zhou. The (hills) Min and Bo were made capable of cultivation. The Tuo and Qian streams were conducted by their proper channels. Sacrifices were offered to (the hills) Cai and Meng on the regulation (of the country about them). (The country of) the wild tribes about the He was successfully operated on. The soil of this province was greenish and light. Its fields were the highest of the lowest class; and its contribution of revenue was the average of the lowest class, with proportions of the rates immediately above and below. Its articles of tribute, were - the best gold, iron, silver, steel, flint stones to make arrow-heads, and sounding-stones; with the skins of bears, foxes, and jackals, and (nets) woven of their hair. From (the hill of) Xi-qing they came by the course of the Huan; floated along the Qian, and then crossed (the country) to the Mian; passed to the Wei, and (finally) ferried across the He. |
| | 禹贡: |
黑水、西河惟雍州。弱水既西，泾属渭汭，漆沮既从，沣水攸同。荆、岐既旅，终南、敦物，至于鸟鼠。原隰砥绩，至于猪野。三危既宅，三苗丕叙。厥土惟黄壤，厥田惟上上，厥赋中下。厥贡惟球、琳、琅玕。浮于积石，至于龙门、西河，会于渭汭。织皮崐崘、析支、渠搜，西戎即叙。 |
| Tribute of Yu: |
The Black-water and western He were (the boundaries of) Yong Zhou. The Weak-water was conducted westwards. The Jing was led to mingle its waters with those of the Wei. The Qi and the Zhu were next led in a similar way (to the Wei), and the waters of the Feng found the same receptacle. (The mountains) Jing and Qi were sacrificed to. (Those of) Zhong-nan and Dun-we (were also regulated), and (all the way) on to Niao-shu. Successful measures could now be taken with the plains and swamps, even to (the marsh of) Zhu-ye. (The country of) San-wei was made habitable, and the (affairs of the) people of San-miao were greatly arranged. The soil of the province was yellow and mellow. Its fields were the highest of the highest class, and its contribution of revenue the lowest of the second. Its articles of tribute were the qiu jade and the lin, and (the stones called) lang-gan. Past Ji-shi they floated on to Long-men on the western He. They then met on the north of the Wei (with the tribute-bearers from other quarters) Hair-cloth and skins (were brought from) Kun-lun, Xi-zhi, and Ju-sou; the wild tribes of the West (all) coming to (submit to Yu's) arrangements. |
| | 禹贡: |
导岍及岐，至于荆山，逾于河；壶口、雷首至于太岳；砥柱、析城至于王屋；太行、恒山至于碣石，入于海。 |
| Tribute of Yu: |
(Yu) surveyed and described (the hills), beginning with Qian and Qi, and proceeding to mount Jing; then, crossing the He, Hu-kou, and Lei-shou, going on to Tai-yue. (After these came) Di-zhu and Xi-cheng, from which he went on to Wang-wu; (then there were) Tai-hang and Mount Heng, from which he proceeded to the rocks of Jie, where he reached the sea. |
| | 禹贡: |
西倾、朱圉、鸟鼠至于太华；熊耳、外方、桐柏至于陪尾。 |
| Tribute of Yu: |
(South of the He, he surveyed) Xi-qing, Zhu-yu, and Niao-shu, going on to Tai-hua; (then) Xiong-er, Wai-fang, and Tong-pai, from which he proceeded to Pei-wei. |
| | 禹贡: |
导嶓冢，至于荆山；内方，至于大别。 |
| Tribute of Yu: |
He surveyed and described Bo-zhong, going on to (the other) mount Jing; and Nei-fang, from which he went on to Da-bie. |
| | 禹贡: |
岷山之阳，至于衡山，过九江，至于敷浅原。 |
| Tribute of Yu: |
(He did the same with) the south of mount Min, and went on mount Heng. Then crossing the nine Jiang, he proceeded to the plain of Fu-qian. |
| | 禹贡: |
导弱水，至于合黎，馀波入于流沙。 |
| Tribute of Yu: |
He traced the Weak-water as far as the He-li (mountains), from which its superfluous waters went away among the moving sands. |
| | 禹贡: |
导黑水，至于三危，入于南海。 |
| Tribute of Yu: |
He traced the Black-water as far as San-wei, from which it (went away to) enter the southern sea. |
| | 禹贡: |
导河、积石，至于龙门；南至于华阴，东至于砥柱，又东至于孟津，东过洛汭，至于大伾；北过降水，至于大陆；又北，播为九河，同为逆河，入于海。 |
| Tribute of Yu: |
He traced the He from Ji-shi as far as Long-men; and thence, southwards, to the north of (mount) Hua; eastward then to Di-zhu; eastward (again) to the ford of Meng; eastward (still) to the junction of the Luo; and then on to Da-pi. (From this the course was) northwards, past the Jiang-water, on to Da-lu; north from which the river was divided, and became the nine He, which united again, and formed the Meeting He, when they entered the sea. |
| | 禹贡: |
嶓冢导漾，东流为汉，又东，为沧浪之水，过三澨，至于大别，南入于江。东，汇泽为彭蠡，东，为北江，入于海。 |
| Tribute of Yu: |
From Bo-zhong he traced the Yang, which, flowing eastwards, became the Han. Farther east it became the water of Cang-lang; and after passing the three Dykes, it went on to Da-bie, southwards from which it entered the Jiang. Eastward still, and whirling on, it formed the marsh of Peng-li; and from that its eastern flow was the northern Jiang, as which it entered the sea. |
| | 禹贡: |
岷山导江，东别为沱，又东至于澧；过九江，至于东陵，东迤北，会于汇；东为中江，入于海。 |
| Tribute of Yu: |
From mount Min he traced the Jiang, which, branching off to the east, formed the Tuo; eastward again, it reached the Li, passed the nine Jiang, and went on to Dong-ling; then flowing east, and winding to the north, it joined (the Han) with its eddying movements. From that its eastern flow was the middle Jiang, as which it entered the sea. |
| | 禹贡: |
导沇水，东流为济，入于河，溢为荥；东出于陶丘北，又东至于菏，又东北，会于汶，又北，东入于海。 |
| Tribute of Yu: |
He traced the Yan water, which, flowing eastward, became the Ji, and entered the He. (Thereafter) it flowed out, and became the Ying (marsh). Eastward, it issued forth on the north of Tao-qiu, and flowed farther east to (the marsh of) Ge; then it went north-east, and united with the Wen; thence it went north, and (finally) entered the sea on the east. |
| | 禹贡: |
导淮自桐柏，东会于泗、沂，东入于海。 |
| Tribute of Yu: |
He traced the Huai from the hill of Tong-bai. Flowing east, it united with the Si and the Yi, and (still) with an eastward course entered the sea. |
| | 禹贡: |
导渭自鸟鼠同穴，东会于沣，又东会于泾，又东过漆沮，入于河。 |
| Tribute of Yu: |
He traced the Wei from (the hill) Niao-shu-tong-xue. Flowing eastward, it united with the Feng, and eastwards again with the Jing. Farther east still, it passed the Qi and the Ju, and entered the He. |
| | 禹贡: |
导洛自熊耳，东北，会于涧、瀍；又东，会于伊，又东北，入于河。 |
| Tribute of Yu: |
He traced the Luo from (the hill) Xiong-er. Flowing to the north-east, it united with the Jian and the Chan, and eastwards still with the Yi. Then on the north-east it entered the He. |
| | 禹贡: |
九州攸同，四隩既宅，九山刊旅，九川涤源，九泽既陂，四海会同。六府孔修，庶土交正，砥慎财赋，咸则三壤成赋。中邦锡土、姓，祗台德先，不距朕行。 |
| Tribute of Yu: |
(Thus), throughout the nine provinces a similar order was effected:--the grounds along the waters were everywhere made habitable; the hills were cleared of their superfluous wood and sacrificed to; the sources of the rivers were cleared; the marshes were well banked; and access to the capital was secured for all within the four seas. The six magazines (of material wealth) were fully attended to; the different parts of the country were subjected to an exact comparison, so that contribution of revenue could be carefully adjusted according to their resources. (The fields) were all classified with reference to the three characters of the soil; and the revenues for the Middle Region were established. He conferred lands and surnames. (He said), 'Let me set the example of a reverent attention to my virtue, and none will act contrary to my conduct.' |
| | 禹贡: |
五百里甸服：百里赋纳总，二百里纳銍，三百里纳秸服，四百里粟，五百里米。 |
| Tribute of Yu: |
Five hundred li formed the Domain of the Sovereign. From the first hundred they brought as revenue the whole plant of the grain; from the second, the ears, with a portion of the stalk; from the third, the straw, but the people had to perform various services; from the fourth, the grain in the husk; and from the fifth, the grain cleaned. |
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五百里侯服：百里采，二百里男邦，三百里诸侯。 |
| |
Five hundred li (beyond) constituted the Domain of the Nobles. The first hundred li was occupied by the cities and lands of the (sovereign's) high ministers and great officers; the second, by the principalities of the barons; and the (other) three hundred, by the various other princes. |
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五百里绥服：三百里揆文教，二百里奋武卫。 |
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Five hundred li (still beyond) formed the Peace-securing Domain. In the first three hundred, they cultivated the lessons of learning and moral duties; in the other two, they showed the energies of war and defence. |
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五百里要服：三百里夷，二百里蔡。 |
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Five hundred li (remoter still) formed the Domain of Restraint. The (first) three hundred were occupied by the tribes of the Î; the (other) two hundred, by criminals undergoing the lesser banishment. |
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五百里荒服：三百里蛮，二百里流。 |
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Five hundred li (the most remote) constituted the Wild Domain. The (first) three hundred were occupied by the tribes of the Man; the (other) two hundred, by criminals undergoing the greater banishment. |
| | 禹贡: |
东渐于海，西被于流沙，朔南暨声教讫于四海。禹锡玄圭，告厥成功。 |
| Tribute of Yu: |
On the east, reaching to the sea; on the west, extending to the moving sands; to the utmost limits of the north and south - his fame and influence filled up (all within) the four seas. Yu presented the dark-coloured symbol of his rank, and announced the completion of his work. |
