| | 魯周公世... : |
周公旦者，周武王弟也。自文王在時，旦為子孝，篤仁，異於群子。及武王即位，旦常輔翼武王，用事居多。武王九年，東伐至盟津，周公輔行。十一年，伐紂，至牧野，周公佐武王，作牧誓。破殷，入商宮。已殺紂，周公把大鉞，召公把小鉞，以夾武王，釁社，告紂之罪于天，及殷民。釋箕子之囚。封紂子武庚祿父，使管叔、蔡叔傅之，以續殷祀。遍封功臣同姓戚者。封周公旦於少昊之虛曲阜，是為魯公。周公不就封，留佐武王。 |
| | Zhou Gongdan was a younger brother of King Wu of Zhou. When King Wen was still alive, Dan was filial as a son and sincere in benevolence, standing out among his brothers. After King Wu ascended the throne, Dan often assisted and supported King Wu, handling many affairs. In the ninth year of King Wu's reign, when he launched an eastern campaign as far as Mengjin, Gongbo Zhou assisted on the expedition. In the eleventh year, when they attacked Zhòu and reached Muye, Gongbo Zhou assisted King Wu in composing the "Oath of Muyue." They defeated Yin and entered the palace of Shang. After killing Zhòu, Gongbo Zhou held the large yue axe while Zhao Gong held the small one; they stood on either side of King Wu to perform a blood sacrifice at the earth altar, informing Heaven and the people of Yin about Zhòu's crimes. They released Ji Zǐ from imprisonment. King Wu enfeoffed Zhòu's son Wugeng Lufu, appointing Guan Shu and Cai Shu as his tutors to continue the ancestral rites of Yin. He widely enfeoffed meritorious ministers and relatives with the same surname. Zhou Gongdan was enfeoffed in Qufu, the former site of Shao Hao, becoming known as the Marquis of Lu. Gongbo Zhou did not go to his fief but remained to assist King Wu.
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| | 魯周公世... : |
武王克殷二年，天下未集，武王有疾，不豫，群臣懼，太公、召公乃繆卜。周公曰：「未可以戚我先王。」周公於是乃自以為質，設三壇，周公北面立，戴璧秉圭，告于太王、王季、文王。史策祝曰：「惟爾元孫王發，勤勞阻疾。若爾三王是有負子之責於天，以旦代王發之身。旦巧能，多材多藝，能事鬼神。乃王發不如旦多材多藝，不能事鬼神。乃命于帝庭，敷佑四方，用能定汝子孫于下地，四方之民罔不敬畏。無墜天之降葆命，我先王亦永有所依歸。今我其即命於元龜，爾之許我，我以其璧與圭歸，以俟爾命。爾不許我，我乃屏璧與圭。」周公已令史策告太王、王季、文王，欲代武王發，於是乃即三王而卜。卜人皆曰吉，發書視之，信吉。周公喜，開籥，乃見書遇吉。周公入賀武王曰：「王其無害。旦新受命三王，維長終是圖。茲道能念予一人。」周公藏其策金縢匱中，誡守者勿敢言。明日，武王有瘳。 |
| | ้อย In the second year after King Wu conquered Yin, the world was not yet pacified. King Wu fell ill and could no longer attend to affairs; this alarmed his ministers. Therefore, Tai Gong and Zhao Gong conducted secret divinations. Gongbo Zhou said, "It is not yet time for our ancestors to be distressed." Gongbo Zhou then volunteered himself as a substitute. He set up three altars, stood facing north, placed a jade disc on his head and held a jade tablet in hand, and made an offering to Tai Wang, King Ji, and King Wen. The historian recorded the prayer: "Only your eldest grandson, King Fa, has been diligently burdened by illness." "If you, the three kings, have a responsibility to Heaven for your son, let me, Dan, take King Fa's place." Dan is clever and capable, possessing many talents and skills; he can serve spirits and deities. King Fa is not as talented or skilled as Dan, and cannot serve spirits and deities." "Thus, I request a decree from the imperial court to bestow protection upon all directions. By doing so, you may establish your descendants on earth, and the people of all regions will surely revere and fear them." "Do not let Heaven's bestowed mandate fall to ruin; our ancestors will also have a lasting place of reliance and return." "Now I shall seek the mandate through the great tortoise. If you approve my request, I will return this jade disc and tablet to await your decree." "If you do not approve, then I shall cast aside the jade disc and tablet." After Gongbo Zhou had ordered the historian to record a message for Tai Wang, King Ji and King Wen, expressing his desire to take King Wu's place, he then proceeded to divinate before the three kings. The diviners all declared it auspicious; when they opened the oracle records and examined them, indeed it was auspicious. Gongbo Zhou rejoiced, opened the lock, and saw that the written record confirmed good fortune. Gongbo Zhou entered to congratulate King Wu, saying, "The king will suffer no harm." "I have just received the mandate from the three kings and shall strive for a long-lasting peace." "May this path allow you, my king, to be remembered by Heaven alone." Gongbo Zhou stored the records in a golden-sealed chest and warned the guards not to speak of it. The next day, King Wu showed signs of recovery.
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| | 魯周公世... : |
其後武王既崩，成王少，在彊葆之中。周公恐天下聞武王崩而畔，周公乃踐阼代成王攝行政當國。管叔及其群弟流言於國曰：「周公將不利於成王。」周公乃告太公望、召公奭曰：「我之所以弗辟而攝行政者，恐天下畔周，無以告我先王太王、王季、文王。三王之憂勞天下久矣，於今而后成。武王蚤終，成王少，將以成周，我所以為之若此。」於是卒相成王，而使其子伯禽代就封於魯。周公戒伯禽曰：「我文王之子，武王之弟，成王之叔父，我於天下亦不賤矣。然我一沐三捉發，一飯三吐哺，起以待士，猶恐失天下之賢人。子之魯，慎無以國驕人。」 |
| | Afterward, when King Wu died and Crown Prince Cheng was still young, he remained in the palace under strict protection. Gongbo Zhou feared that upon hearing of King Wu's death, the people might rebel; thus, he ascended to the throne in place of Crown Prince Cheng and assumed administrative authority as regent. Guan Shu and his brothers spread rumors throughout the state, saying: "Gongbo Zhou intends to harm Crown Prince Cheng." Gongbo Zhou then informed Tai Gong Wang and Zhao Gong Shi, saying: "The reason I have not stepped aside but assumed administrative authority is my fear that the people of the world might rebel against Zhou, leaving no way to account for myself before our ancestors, Tai Wang, King Ji, or King Wen." "The three kings have long worried and labored for the world; only now can their efforts finally bear fruit." "King Wu died prematurely, and Crown Prince Cheng is still young. I must complete the Zhou dynasty's mission; this is why I have acted as I did." Thus, he finally assisted Crown Prince Cheng in his rule and sent his son Bo Qin to take up the fief at Lu. Gongbo Zhou warned Bo Qin, saying: "I am the son of King Wen, the brother of King Wu, and the uncle of Crown Prince Cheng. My status in the world is not lowly." "Yet, I have washed my hair three times and combed it each time, eaten a meal three times but stopped to spit out the food in order to attend to guests. I rise early to welcome scholars, yet still fear losing the virtuous men of the world." "When you go to Lu, be cautious not to let your position as a ruler make you arrogant toward others."
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管、蔡、武庚等果率淮夷而反。周公乃奉成王命，興師東伐，作大誥。遂誅管叔，殺武庚，放蔡叔。收殷餘民，以封康叔於衛，封微子於宋，以奉殷祀。寧淮夷東土，二年而畢定。諸侯咸服宗周。 |
| | As expected, Guan Shu, Cai Shu, and Wu Geng led the Huai Yi people in rebellion. Gongbo Zhou then carried out Crown Prince Cheng's orders, raised an army to campaign eastward, and composed the "Great Oath." He thus executed Guan Shu, killed Wu Geng, and exiled Cai Shu. He gathered the remaining people of Yin and enfeoffed Kang Shu in Wei, as well as Wei Zi in Song, to continue the ancestral rites for Yin. After pacifying the Huai Yi and eastern territories, it took two years before peace was fully restored. All feudal lords submitted to the Zhou dynasty's authority.
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| | 魯周公世... : |
天降祉福，唐叔得禾，異母同穎，獻之成王，成王命唐叔以餽周公於東土，作餽禾。周公既受命禾，嘉天子命，作嘉禾。東土以集，周公歸報成王，乃為詩貽王，命之曰鴟鸮。王亦未敢訓周公。 |
| | Heaven bestowed blessings; Tang Shu found a grain plant with two different origins but the same ear. He presented it to Crown Prince Cheng, who then ordered Tang Shu to send this grain to Gongbo Zhou in the eastern territories, composing the "Gift of Grain." After receiving the grain plant, Gongbo Zhou expressed gratitude for the king's command and composed the "Ode to the Auspicious Grain." With peace restored in the eastern territories, Gongbo Zhou returned to report to Crown Prince Cheng. He then composed a poem for the king and named it "Chi Xiao." The crown prince also did not dare to reprimand Gongbo Zhou.
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成王七年二月乙未，王朝步自周，至豐，使太保召公先之雒相土。其三月，周公往營成周雒邑，卜居焉，曰吉，遂國之。 |
| | On the Yiwu day of the second month in the seventh year of Crown Prince Cheng's reign, the king traveled on foot from Zhou to Feng and sent Tai Bao Zhao Gong ahead to Luoyang to inspect the land. In the third month, Gongbo Zhou went to plan and build Chengzhou Luoyi, divined a suitable location for settlement, which was declared auspicious; thus he established the capital there.
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成王長，能聽政。於是周公乃還政於成王，成王臨朝。周公之代成王治，南面倍依以朝諸侯。及七年後，還政成王，北面就臣位，匔匔如畏然。 |
| | As Crown Prince Cheng grew older, he became capable of handling state affairs. At this time, Gongbo Zhou returned the administration to Crown Prince Cheng, and King Cheng began to preside over court sessions. When Gongbo Zhou governed in place of Crown Prince Cheng, he sat facing south with his back toward the support beam to receive feudal lords at court. Seven years later, when returning power to Crown Prince Cheng, he faced north and resumed his position as a minister, showing humility and caution.
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初，成王少時，病，周公乃自揃其蚤沈之河，以祝於神曰：「王少未有識，奸神命者乃旦也。」亦藏其策於府。成王病有瘳。及成王用事，人或譖周公，周公奔楚。成王發府，見周公禱書，乃泣，反周公。 |
| | Initially, when Crown Prince Cheng was young and fell ill, Gongbo Zhou cut off his own hair and beard, threw them into the river, and prayed to the gods: "The king is still a child without awareness; if there be any who have offended divine will, it is I, Dan." He also stored his records in the government office. Crown Prince Cheng's illness improved. When Crown Prince Cheng began to rule, some people slandered Gongbo Zhou, who fled to the state of Chu. King Cheng opened the government records and found Gongbo Zhou's prayer; he wept and recalled him back from exile.
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周公歸，恐成王壯，治有所淫佚，乃作多士，作毋逸。毋逸稱：「為人父母，為業至長久，子孫驕奢忘之，以亡其家，為人子可不慎乎！笔昔在殷王中宗，嚴恭敬畏天命，自度治民，震懼不敢荒寧，故中宗饗國七十五年。其在高宗，久勞于外，為與小人，作其即位，乃有亮闇，三年不言，言乃讙，不敢荒寧，密靖殷國，至于小大無怨，故高宗饗國五十五年。其在祖甲，不義惟王，久為小人于外，知小人之依，能保施小民，不侮寡，故祖甲饗國三十三年。」多士稱曰：「自湯至于帝乙，無不率祀明德，帝無不配天者。在今後嗣王紂，誕淫厥佚，不顧天及民之從也。其民皆可誅。」（周多士）「文王日中昃不暇食，饗國五十年。」作此以誡成王。 |
| | After returning, Gongbo Zhou feared that King Cheng might grow arrogant in his youth and indulge in excess; thus he composed "Many Scholars" and "No Indulgence." "No Indulgence states: 'As a parent, one establishes a legacy for the long term. If descendants become arrogant and extravagant and forget this, they will lose their family's fortune. How can children not be cautious!'" "In the past, King Zhongzong of Yin was strict and reverent toward Heaven's mandate. He carefully governed his people with awe and fear, never daring to indulge in idleness or peace; thus, King Zhongzong enjoyed a reign lasting seventy-five years." During King Gaozong's time, he endured prolonged toil outside the court and associated with commoners. Upon ascending the throne, he experienced a period of seclusion, remaining silent for three years; when he finally spoke, it was met with joy. He dared not indulge in idleness but diligently pacified Yin, ensuring that both great and small matters were free from resentment. Thus, King Gaozong enjoyed a reign of fifty-five years. "During King Zu Jia's time, he did not consider kingship as his right and had long lived among commoners outside the court. He understood their hardships, was able to protect and provide for the people, and did not look down upon the weak; thus, King Zu Jia enjoyed a reign of thirty-three years." "Many Scholars states: 'From Tang to Emperor Yi, none failed to lead by virtue and conduct proper ancestral rites; no emperor failed to be in harmony with Heaven.'" "But in the later successor, King Zhou, he indulged in debauchery and excess, disregarding both Heaven's will and the people's allegiance." "His people were all worthy of punishment." "(Zhou Many Scholars) 'King Wen was so busy that he had no time to eat during the day, and thus enjoyed a reign of fifty years.'" He composed this to admonish King Cheng.
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成王在豐，天下已安，周之官政未次序，於是周公作周官，官別其宜，作立政，以便百姓。百姓說。 |
| | While King Cheng was in Feng and the world had already been pacified, the Zhou government's administrative system remained disorganized. Thus, Gongbo Zhou composed "Zhou Guan," establishing distinct offices according to their appropriate functions, and wrote "Li Zheng" to facilitate governance for the people. The common people were pleased.
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| | 魯周公世... : |
周公在豐，病，將沒，曰：「必葬我成周，以明吾不敢離成王。」周公既卒，成王亦讓，葬周公於畢，從文王，以明予小子不敢臣周公也。 |
| | While in Feng, Gongbo Zhou fell ill and was nearing death; he said: "I must be buried in Chengzhou to show that I dared not leave Crown Prince Cheng." After Gongbo Zhou died, King Cheng also expressed regret and buried him in Bi, alongside King Wen, to show that he dared not regard Gongbo Zhou as a subject.
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周公卒後，秋未穫，暴風雷［雨］，禾盡偃，大木盡拔。周國大恐。成王與大夫朝服以開金縢書，王乃得周公所自以為功代武王之說。二公及王乃問史百執事，史百執事曰：「信有，昔周公命我勿敢言。」成王執書以泣，曰：「自今後其無繆卜乎！昔周公勤勞王家，惟予幼人弗及知。今天動威以彰周公之德，惟朕小子其迎，我國家禮亦宜之。」王出郊，天乃雨，反風，禾盡起。二公命國人，凡大木所偃，盡起而筑之。歲則大孰。於是成王乃命魯得郊祭文王。魯有天子禮樂者，以褒周公之德也。 |
| | After Gongbo Zhou's death, before the autumn harvest, there was a sudden storm with thunder and rain; all the grain fell flat, and large trees were uprooted. The state of Zhou was greatly alarmed. King Cheng and the ministers donned formal court attire to open the golden-sealed chest, where King Cheng discovered Gongbo Zhou's written account of his self-sacrifice in place of King Wu. The two ministers and the king then questioned the historians and officials, who replied: "Yes, it is true. In the past, Gongbo Zhou ordered us not to speak of this." King Cheng wept while holding the document and said: "From now on, may there be no more deceptive divinations!" "In the past, Gongbo Zhou toiled for our royal house; as a young man, I did not understand." "Now Heaven has shown its power to highlight Gongbo Zhou's virtue; only I, this young man, should welcome it. It is also appropriate for our state and ancestral rites." The king went to the outskirts of the capital; Heaven then sent rain, reversed the wind, and all the grain stood upright again. The two ministers ordered the people to raise every fallen tree that had been uprooted and rebuild it. That year, there was a great harvest. Thus, King Cheng decreed that the state of Lu should be allowed to perform sacrificial rites in the suburbs for King Wen. The reason why Lu possessed the rituals and music of a Son of Heaven was to honor Gongbo Zhou's virtue.
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| | 魯周公世... : |
周公卒，子伯禽固已前受封，是為魯公。魯公伯禽之初受封之魯，三年而後報政周公。周公曰：「何遲也？」伯禽曰：「變其俗，革其禮，喪三年然後除之，故遲。」太公亦封於齊，五月而報政周公。周公曰：「何疾也？」曰：「吾簡其君臣禮，從其俗為也。」及後聞伯禽報政遲，乃嘆曰：「嗚呼，魯後世其北面事齊矣！夫政不簡不易，民不有近；平易近民，民必歸之。」 |
| | After Gongbo Zhou passed away, his son Bo Qin had already received the fief earlier and became known as Marquis of Lu. When Marquis of Lu Bo Qin first received his fief in Lu, it was three years before he reported back on governance to Gongbo Zhou. Gongbo Zhou asked: "Why is this so late?" Bo Qin replied, "I changed their customs and reformed their rites. Mourning lasted three years before being lifted; that is why it was delayed." Tai Gong had also been enfeoffed in Qi and reported on governance to Gongbo Zhou after five months. Tai Gong replied, "I streamlined the rites between ruler and minister and followed their customs in doing so." He said: "I simplified the rites of ruler and minister, following local customs to do so." Later, upon hearing that Bo Qin's report on governance was delayed, he sighed and said: "Alas! In the future, Lu will bow to Qi in submission!" If governance is not simplified or made easy for people, they cannot be close to it; Only when policies are simple and accessible will the people surely return to them."
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| | 魯周公世... : |
伯禽即位之後，有管、蔡等反也，淮夷、徐戎亦并興反。於是伯禽率師伐之於肸，作肸誓，曰：「陳爾甲胄，無敢不善。無敢傷牿。馬牛其風，臣妾逋逃，勿敢越逐，敬復之。無敢寇攘，踰墻垣。魯人三郊三隧，峙爾芻茭、糗糧、楨榦，無敢不逮。我甲戌筑而征徐戎，無敢不及，有大刑。」作此肸誓，遂平徐戎，定魯。 |
| | After Bo Qin assumed his position, there were rebellions by Guan Shu and Cai Shi; the Huai Yi, Xu Rong, and others also rose up in rebellion together. Thus, Bo Qin led his army to attack them at Xi and composed the "Oath of Xi," saying: "Display your armor and weapons; dare not be unprepared." Dare not harm the oxen. If horses and cattle run wild, or if servants flee, do not dare to chase them beyond your borders; respectfully return them. Dare not commit robbery or trespass walls and fences. The three suburbs and three tunnels of Lu shall prepare your fodder, dried food, provisions, and stakes; dare not fail to provide them. "On the Jia Xu day I will build fortifications and march against the Xu Rong; none shall be late, or they will face severe punishment." After composing this "Oath of Xi," he thus pacified the Xu Rong and stabilized Lu.
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魯公伯禽卒，子考公酋立。考公四年卒，立弟熙，是謂煬公。煬公筑茅闕門。六年卒，子幽公宰立。幽公十四年。幽公弟沸殺幽公而自立，是為魏公。魏公五十年卒，子厲公擢立。厲公三十七年卒，魯人立其弟具，是為獻公。獻公三十二年卒，子真公濞立。 |
| | Duke Bo Qin of Lu died, and his son Kaogong Qiu succeeded him as ruler. Kaogong reigned for four years before dying; his younger brother Xi was enthroned, who is known as Yanggong. Yanggong built the Maoque Gate. After six years, he died and was succeeded by his son Yougong Zai. The fourteenth year of Yougong's reign. Yougong's younger brother Fei killed Yougong and enthroned himself, becoming Weigong. Weigong died after fifty years of reign; his son Ligong Zhuo succeeded him as ruler. Ligong reigned for thirty-seven years before dying, and the people of Lu enthroned his younger brother Ju, who became Xianggong. Xianggong died in the 32nd year of his reign; his son Zhen Gong Bi succeeded him as ruler.
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真公十四年，周厲王無道，出奔彘，共和行政。二十九年，周宣王即位。 |
| | In the fourteenth year of Zhen Gong's reign, King Li of Zhou was tyrannical and fled to Zhi; the Regency Administration began. In the 29th year, King Xuan of Zhou ascended the throne.
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三十年，真公卒，弟敖立，是為武公。 |
| | In the thirtieth year, Zhen Gong died and his younger brother Ao succeeded him as ruler, known as Wugong.
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武公九年春，武公與長子括，少子戲，西朝周宣王。宣王愛戲，欲立戲為魯太子。周之樊仲山父諫宣王曰：「廢長立少，不順；不順，必犯王命；犯王命，必誅之：故出令不可不順也。令之不行，政之不立；行而不順，民將棄上。夫下事上，少事長，所以為順。今天子建諸侯，立其少，是教民逆也。若魯從之，諸侯效之，王命將有所壅；若弗從而誅之，是自誅王命也。誅之亦失，不誅亦失，王其圖之。」宣王弗聽，卒立戲為魯太子。夏，武公歸而卒，戲立，是為懿公。 |
| | In the spring of the ninth year of Wugong's reign, Wugong traveled west with his eldest son Kuò and his youngest son Xi to pay homage to King Xuan of Zhou. King Xuan favored Xi and wished to appoint him as the Crown Prince of Lu. Fan Zhongshanfu of Zhou advised King Xuan, "To depose the eldest and appoint the younger is against propriety; it is disorderly and will certainly violate royal commands; to violate a royal command invites punishment: therefore, decrees must be issued in accordance with propriety. If commands are not carried out, governance cannot be established; if they are carried out but go against propriety, the people will abandon their superiors. Subjects serving rulers and the young respecting the elder—this is what constitutes order. Now, if His Majesty establishes feudal lords by appointing their younger sons, this teaches the people to be disobedient. If Lu follows this example and other feudal lords emulate it, royal commands will become obstructed; if we do not follow and instead punish them, that would be punishing the royal command itself. To punish is a mistake; to refrain from punishment is also a mistake. Your Majesty should consider this carefully." King Xuan did not listen and ultimately appointed Xi as the Crown Prince of Lu. In summer, Wugong returned but died soon after; Xi was enthroned and became Yigong.
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懿公九年，懿公兄括之子伯御與魯人攻弒懿公，而立伯御為君。伯御即位十一年，周宣王伐魯，殺其君伯御，而問魯公子能道順諸侯者，以為魯後。樊穆仲曰：「魯懿公弟稱，肅恭明神，敬事耆老；賦事行刑，必問於遺訓而咨於固實；不干所問，不犯所（知）［咨］。」宣王曰：「然，能訓治其民矣。」乃立稱於夷宮，是為孝公。自是後，諸侯多畔王命。 |
| | In the ninth year of Yigong's reign, Bonyu, the son of Kuò, Yigong's elder brother, and the people of Lu attacked and killed Yigong, enthroning Bonyu as ruler. Eleven years after Bonyu assumed the throne, King Xuan of Zhou attacked Lu and killed its ruler Bonyu. He then sought among the descendants of the House of Lu a prince who could properly manage relations with the feudal lords to succeed as the new ruler of Lu. Fan Muzhong said, "Duke Yigong's younger brother Cheng is solemn and respectful toward the gods, reverent in his service to the elderly; he administers affairs and enforces punishments only after consulting ancestral teachings and established facts; he does not act without inquiry, nor does he violate what has been advised." King Xuan said, "Indeed, he is capable of governing and educating his people." Thus, Cheng was enthroned at Yigong's palace and became Xiaogong. From then on, many feudal lords defied the king's commands.
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| | 魯周公世... : |
孝公二十五年，諸侯畔周，犬戎殺幽王。秦始列為諸侯。 |
| | In the 25th year of Xiaogong's reign, the feudal lords rebelled against Zhou, and the Quanrong killed King You. Qi began to be listed among the feudal lords.
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| | 魯周公世... : |
二十七年，孝公卒，子弗湟立，是為惠公。 |
| | In the 27th year, Xiaogong died and was succeeded by his son Fuhuang, who became Huigong.
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| | 魯周公世... : |
惠公三十年，晉人弒其君昭侯。四十五年，晉人又弒其君孝侯。 |
| | In the thirtieth year of Huigong's reign, the Jin people assassinated their ruler Duke Zhao Hou. In the forty-fifth year, the Jin people again assassinated their ruler Duke Xiao Hou.
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| | 魯周公世... : |
四十六年，惠公卒，長庶子息攝當國，行君事，是為隱公。初，惠公適夫人無子，公賤妾聲子生子息。息長，為娶於宋。宋女至而好，惠公奪而自妻之。生子允。登宋女為夫人，以允為太子。及惠公卒，為允少故，魯人共令息攝政，不言即位。 |
| | In the 46th year, Huigong died; his eldest non-royal son Xi assumed control of state affairs and acted as ruler, becoming Yingu. Initially, Huigong's principal wife had no children; his lowly concubine Shengzi gave birth to a son named Xi. When Xi grew up, he married a woman from Song. When the Song bride arrived and was beautiful, Huigong took her for himself as his wife. She bore a son named Yun. He elevated the Song woman to the rank of principal wife and appointed Yun as Crown Prince. After Huigong's death, because Yun was still young, the people of Lu jointly ordered Xi to assume regency and did not announce his enthronement.
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| | 魯周公世... : |
隱公五年，觀漁於棠。八年，與鄭易天子之太山之邑祊及許田，君子譏之。 |
| | In the fifth year of Yingu's reign, he observed fishing at Tang. In the eighth year, he exchanged the fief of Bening and Xu Tian in Tai Mountain belonging to the Son of Heaven with Zheng; this was criticized by men of virtue.
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| | 魯周公世... : |
十一年冬，公子揮諂謂隱公曰：「百姓便君，君其遂立。吾請為君殺子允，君以我為相。」隱公曰：「有先君命。吾為允少，故攝代。今允長矣，吾方營菟裘之地而老焉，以授子允政。」揮懼子允聞而反誅之，乃反譖隱公於子允曰：「隱公欲遂立，去子，子其圖之。請為子殺隱公。」子允許諾。十一月，隱公祭鐘巫，齊于社圃，館于蒍氏。揮使人殺隱公于蒍氏，而立子允為君，是為桓公。 |
| | In winter, the eleventh year, Gongzi Hui flattered Yingu and said, "The people favor you; you should now formally assume the throne. I will kill Prince Yun for you, and you may appoint me as your prime minister." Yingu said, "There is an order from my late father. I assumed regency because Yun was young. Now that Yun is grown, I am preparing the land of Tuqiu to retire there and hand over governance to Prince Yun." Hui, fearing that Prince Yun would hear of the plot and retaliate by killing him, instead falsely accused Yingu to Prince Yun, saying: "Yingu wants to formally assume power and remove you; you must plan against him. I will kill Yingu for you." Prince Yun agreed. In the eleventh month, Yingu made an offering to Zhongwu and held a sacrifice at Shepu; he stayed as a guest in the house of Wei Shi. Hui sent men to kill Yingu at Wei Shi's residence and enthroned Prince Yun as ruler, who became Huangong.
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| | 魯周公世... : |
桓公元年，鄭以璧易天子之許田。二年，以宋之賂鼎入於太廟，君子譏之。 |
| | In the first year of Huangong's reign, Zheng exchanged a jade disc for Xu Tian, which belonged to the Son of Heaven. In the second year, he placed the sacrificial tripod received as a bribe from Song in the Grand Temple; this was criticized by men of integrity.
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| | 魯周公世... : |
三年，使揮迎婦于齊為夫人。六年，夫人生子，與桓公同日，故名曰同。同長，為太子。 |
| | In the third year, he sent Hui to welcome his wife from Qi and made her his principal consort. In the sixth year, the lady gave birth to a son on the same day as Huangong; thus he was named Tong. When Tong grew up, he became Crown Prince.
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| | 魯周公世... : |
十六年，會于曹，伐鄭，入厲公。 |
| | In the sixteenth year, they met at Cao to attack Zheng and captured Ligong.
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| | 魯周公世... : |
十八年春，公將有行，遂與夫人如齊。申繻諫止，公不聽，遂如齊。齊襄公通桓公夫人。公怒夫人，夫人以告齊侯。夏四月丙子，齊襄公饗公，公醉，使公子彭生抱魯桓公，因命彭生摺其脅，公死于車。魯人告于齊曰：「寡君畏君之威，不敢寧居，來修好禮。禮成而不反，無所歸咎，請得彭生除丑於諸侯。」齊人殺彭生以說魯。立太子同，是為莊公。莊公母夫人因留齊，不敢歸魯。 |
| | In spring of the eighteenth year, as the ruler was about to travel, he went with his wife to Qi. Shen Xu advised against it, but the ruler did not listen and proceeded to Qi anyway. King Xiang of Qi had an affair with Huangong's wife. The ruler was angry at his wife, and she informed King Qi about it. On the Bingzi day of the fourth month in summer, King Xiang of Qi hosted a banquet for the ruler. When the ruler became drunk, he ordered Gongzi Pengsheng to hold onto Duke Huangong and then commanded Pengsheng to break his ribs; the ruler died while still in the carriage. The people of Lu informed Qi, saying: "Our lord feared your majesty's power and could not remain at peace; he came to offer friendly rites. But after the ceremony was completed, he did not return, and there is no one else to blame; we respectfully request that Pengsheng be handed over so that we may remove this disgrace among the feudal lords." The people of Qi killed Pengsheng in order to appease Lu. They enthroned Crown Prince Tong, who became Zhuanggong. Zhuanggong's mother, the principal consort, remained in Qi and dared not return to Lu.
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| | 魯周公世... : |
莊公五年冬，伐衛，內衛惠公。 |
| | In winter of the fifth year of Zhuanggong's reign, they attacked Wei and installed Weigong Huigong within its borders.
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| | 魯周公世... : |
八年，齊公子糾來奔。九年，魯欲內子糾於齊，後桓公，桓公發兵擊魯，魯急，殺子糾。召忽死。齊告魯生致管仲。魯人施伯曰：「齊欲得管仲，非殺之也，將用之，用之則為魯患。不如殺，以其尸與之。」莊公不聽，遂囚管仲與齊。齊人相管仲。 |
| | In the eighth year, Gongzi Jiu of Qi fled to Lu. In the ninth year, Lu intended to install Zi Jiu in Qi as a successor to Huangong, but when Huangong raised an army and attacked Lu, Lu, in desperation, killed Zi Jiu. Zhao Hu died. Qi informed Lu that they had captured Guan Zhong alive and requested his delivery to Qi. A man from Lu named Shibai said, "Qi wants Guan Zhong to be alive, not dead; they intend to use him. If he is used, it will become a threat to Lu." "It would be better to kill him and give his corpse to Qi instead." Zhuanggong did not listen, so Guan Zhong was imprisoned and sent to Qi. The people of Qi appointed Guan Zhong as their prime minister.
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| | 魯周公世... : |
十三年，魯莊公與曹沬會齊桓公於柯，曹沬劫齊桓公，求魯侵地，已盟而釋桓公。桓公欲背約，管仲諫，卒歸魯侵地。十五年，齊桓公始霸。二十三年，莊公如齊觀社。 |
| | In the thirteenth year, Duke Zhuang of Lu and Cao Mei met Huangong of Qi at Ke. Cao Mei took Huangong hostage, demanding that Lu return the territories it had invaded; after an oath was sworn, he released Huangong. Huangong wanted to break the agreement, but Guan Zhong advised against it, and in the end, the territories that Lu had invaded were returned. In the fifteenth year, Huangong of Qi began to establish his hegemony. In the twenty-third year, Duke Zhuang went to Qi to observe the ancestral rites.
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| | 魯周公世... : |
三十二年，初，莊公筑臺臨黨氏，見孟女，說而愛之，許立為夫人，割臂以盟。孟女生子斑。斑長，說梁氏女，往觀。圉人犖自墻外與梁氏女戲。斑怒，鞭犖。莊公聞之，曰：「犖有力焉，遂殺之，是未可鞭而置也。」斑未得殺。會莊公有疾。莊公有三弟，長曰慶父，次曰叔牙，次曰季友。莊公取齊女為夫人曰哀姜。哀姜無子。哀姜娣曰叔姜，生子開。莊公無適嗣，愛孟女，欲立其子斑。莊公病，而問嗣於弟叔牙。叔牙曰：「一繼一及，魯之常也。慶父在，可為嗣，君何憂？」莊公患叔牙欲立慶父，退而問季友。季友曰：「請以死立斑也。」莊公曰：「曩者叔牙欲立慶父，柰何？」季友以莊公命命牙待於鍼巫氏，使鍼季劫飲叔牙以鴆，曰：「飲此則有後奉祀；不然，死且無後。」牙遂飲鴆而死，魯立其子為叔孫氏。八月癸亥，莊公卒，季友竟立子斑為君，如莊公命。侍喪，舍于黨氏。 |
| | In the thirty-second year, initially, Duke Zhuang built a pavilion overlooking the Dang family and saw Mengnü. He was pleased with her and loved her, vowing to make her his wife and cutting his arm to swear an oath. Mengnü gave birth to a son named Ban. When Ban grew up, he liked the daughter of Liangshi and went to visit her. A groom named Luo played with Liangshi's daughter from outside the wall. Ban was angry and whipped Luo with a whip. Duke Zhuang heard about it and said, "Luo is strong; if we kill him now, he cannot be whipped and dismissed." Ban was not allowed to kill Luo. At this time, Duke Zhuang fell ill. Duke Zhuang had three younger brothers: the eldest was Qingfu, the second was Shuya, and the third was Jiyou. Duke Zhuang took a woman from Qi as his wife, named Aijiang. Aijiang had no children. Aijiang's younger sister was Shujiang, who gave birth to a son named Kai. Duke Zhuang had no legitimate heir and loved Mengnü; he wanted to make her son Ban the crown prince. When Duke Zhuang fell ill, he asked his younger brother Shuya about who should succeed him. Shuya said, "Succession by one's own son and then by a younger brother is the norm in Lu." "Qingfu is still alive; he can be the heir. Why should you worry, my lord?" Duke Zhuang was troubled by Shuya's desire to make Qingfu the heir and later asked Jiyou about it. Jiyou said, "Please allow me to ensure Ban becomes the heir even if I must die for it." Duke Zhuang asked, "Earlier, Shuya wanted to make Qingfu the successor. What should we do about that?" Jiyou, following Duke Zhuang's orders, instructed Shuya to wait at Zhenwushi and had Zhenji force Shuya to drink poison, saying, "Drink this, and you will have descendants to carry on the ancestral rites; otherwise, you will die without any descendants." Shuya drank the poison and died; Lu later established his son as the head of the Shusun clan. On the Guihai day of the eighth month, Duke Zhuang died. Jiyou ultimately installed his son Ban as ruler, in accordance with Duke Zhuang's command. While attending to the funeral arrangements, they stayed at the Dang family's residence.
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| | 魯周公世... : |
先時慶父與哀姜私通，欲立哀姜娣子開。及莊公卒而季友立斑，十月己未，慶父使圉人犖殺魯公子斑於黨氏。季友奔陳。慶父竟立莊公子開，是為湣公。 |
| | Previously, Qingfu had an affair with Aijiang and wanted to make Kai, Shujiang's son, the heir. When Duke Zhuang died and Jiyou installed Ban as ruler, on the Jiuwei day of the tenth month, Qingfu sent Luo to kill Gongzi Ban at the Dang family. Jiyou fled to Chen. Qingfu eventually installed Gongzi Kai, the son of Duke Zhuang, as ruler; this was King Min.
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| | 魯周公世... : |
湣公二年，慶父與哀姜通益甚。哀姜與慶父謀殺湣公而立慶父。慶父使卜齮襲殺湣公於武闈。季友聞之，自陳與湣公弟申如邾，請魯求內之。魯人欲誅慶父。慶父恐，奔莒。於是季友奉子申入，立之，是為釐公。釐公亦莊公少子。哀姜恐，奔邾。季友以賂如莒求慶父，慶父歸，使人殺慶父，慶父請奔，弗聽，乃使大夫奚斯行哭而往。慶父聞奚斯音，乃自殺。齊桓公聞哀姜與慶父亂以危魯，及召之邾而殺之，以其尸歸，戮之魯。魯釐公請而葬之。 |
| | In the second year of King Min's reign, Qingfu and Aijiang became even more deeply involved in their affair. Aijiang conspired with Qingfu to kill King Min and make Qingfu the ruler. Qingfu sent Buyi to attack and kill King Min at Wuwei. Jiyou heard about this, left Chen with Shen, the younger brother of King Min, and went to Zhu, requesting Lu to allow them to return. The people of Lu wanted to execute Qingfu. Fearing for his life, Qingfu fled to Ju. At this time, Jiyou escorted Shen into Lu and installed him as ruler; he became King Li. King Li was also the youngest son of Duke Zhuang. Aijiang, fearing for her life, fled to Zhu. Jiyou sent a bribe to Ju to request Qingfu's return. After Qingfu returned, they had him killed. Qingfu requested to be allowed to flee, but this was refused; so the court then sent Minister Xisi to go and weep at his execution site. Qingfu heard Xisi's lamentations and committed suicide. Huangong of Qi, having heard that Aijiang had engaged in an affair with Qingfu and endangered Lu, summoned her from Zhu and executed her. He returned her corpse to Lu for public display and execution there. King Li of Lu requested permission to bury her remains.
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| | 魯周公世... : |
季友母陳女，故亡在陳，陳故佐送季友及子申。季友之將生也，父魯桓公使人卜之，曰：「男也，其名曰『友』，閒于兩社，為公室輔。季友亡，則魯不昌。」及生，有文在掌曰「友」，遂以名之，號為成季。其後為季氏，慶父後為孟氏也。 |
| | Jiyou's mother was a woman from Chen, so he had been in exile there; therefore, the state of Chen assisted in sending Jiyou and his son Shen back to Lu. Before Jiyou was born, his father, Huangong of Lu, had a diviner predict the child's future. The oracle said: "It will be a boy; his name should be 'You,' standing between two ancestral shrines, and he shall serve as an assistant to the royal house." "If Jiyou is lost, Lu will not prosper." When he was born, there was a mark on his palm that resembled the character "You," so they named him after it. He was known as Chengji. Later generations became the Ji clan, while Qingfu's descendants later became the Meng clan.
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| | 魯周公世... : |
釐公元年，以汶陽鄪封季友。季友為相。 |
| | In the first year of King Li's reign, he granted Jiyou the fief of Wenyang Yi. Jiyou became prime minister.
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| | 魯周公世... : |
九年，晉裏克殺其君奚齊、卓子。齊桓公率釐公討晉亂，至高梁而還，立晉惠公。十七年，齊桓公卒。二十四年，晉文公即位。 |
| | In the ninth year, Li Ke of Jin killed his ruler Xiqi and Zhuozi. Huangong of Qi led King Li to punish the disorder in Jin, reaching Gaoliang before returning, and installed Huigong of Jin. In the seventeenth year, Huangong of Qi died. In the twenty-fourth year, Wen Gong of Jin ascended to the throne.
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| | 魯周公世... : |
三十三年，釐公卒，子興立，是為文公。 |
| | In the thirty-third year, King Li died and his son Xing succeeded him; this was King Wen.
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| | 魯周公世... : |
文公元年，楚太子商臣弒其父成王，代立。三年，文公朝晉襄父。 |
| | In the first year of King Wen's reign, Crown Prince Shangchen of Chu assassinated his father Chengwang and took the throne in his place. In the third year, King Wen paid a court visit to Xianggong of Jin.
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| | 魯周公世... : |
十一年十月甲午，魯敗翟于咸，獲長翟喬如，富父終甥舂其喉，以戈殺之，埋其首於子駒之門，以命宣伯。 |
| | On the Jiawu day of the eleventh month in the eleventh year, Lu defeated the Di people at Xian and captured Qiao Ru, a tall Di warrior. Fufu Zhongsheng crushed his throat with a pestle, killed him with a halberd, and buried his head at the gate of Ziju to present it as an offering to Duke Xu Bo.
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| | 魯周公世... : |
初，宋武公之世，鄋瞞伐宋，司徒皇父帥師御之，以敗翟于長丘，獲長翟緣斯。晉之滅路，獲喬如弟棼如。齊惠公二年，鄋瞞伐齊，齊王子城父獲其弟榮如，埋其首於北門。衛人獲其季弟簡如。鄋瞞由是遂亡。 |
| | Initially, during the reign of King Wu of Song, the Suoman attacked Song. Siku Huangfu led an army to resist them and defeated the Di at Changqiu, capturing a tall Di warrior named Yuanshi. When Jin destroyed Lu, they captured Fengru, Qiao Ru's younger brother. In the second year of Huigong of Qi's reign, Suoman attacked Qi. Gongzi Chengfu captured his younger brother Rongru and buried his head at Beimen Gate. The people of Wei captured Jianru, his younger brother. From then on, the Suoman gradually perished.
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| | 魯周公世... : |
十五年，季文子使於晉。 |
| | In the fifteenth year, Ji Wenzhi was sent as an envoy to Jin.
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| | 魯周公世... : |
十八年二月，文公卒。文公有二妃：長妃齊女為哀姜，生子惡及視；次妃敬嬴，嬖愛，生子俀。俀私事襄仲，襄仲欲立之，叔仲曰不可。襄仲請齊惠公，惠公新立，欲親魯，許之。冬十月，襄仲殺子惡及視而立俀，是為宣公。哀姜歸齊，哭而過市，曰：「天乎！襄仲為不道，殺適立庶！」市人皆哭，魯人謂之「哀姜」。魯由此公室卑，三桓彊。 |
| | In the second month of the eighteenth year, King Wen died. King Wen had two consorts: his senior consort was a woman from Qi named Aijiang, who bore him sons Wu and Shi; his junior consort Jingying, whom he favored greatly, gave birth to his son Tai. Tai privately served Xiang Zhong, who wanted to make him the heir; but Shu Zhong said it was not possible. Xiang Zhong requested support from Huigong of Qi, who had just ascended the throne and wished to be close to Lu; he agreed. In winter in the tenth month, Xiang Zhong killed Wu and Shi and installed Tai as ruler; this was Duke Xu Gong. Aijiang returned to Qi and wept while passing through the marketplace, saying, "Heaven! Xiang Zhong acted immorally by killing the legitimate heir and installing a younger son!" The people in the marketplace wept with her, and thus the people of Lu called her "Aijiang." From this time onward, the royal house of Lu became weak while the Three Huans grew powerful.
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| | 魯周公世... : |
宣公俀十二年，楚莊王彊，圍鄭。鄭伯降，復國之。 |
| | In the twelfth year of Duke Xu Gong Tai's reign, Zhuangwang of Chu was strong and besieged Zheng. Duke Bo of Zheng surrendered, and Zhuangwang restored his state.
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| | 魯周公世... : |
十八年，宣公卒，子成公黑肱立，是為成公。季文子曰：「使我殺適立庶失大援者，襄仲。」襄仲立宣公，公孫歸父有寵。宣公欲去三桓，與晉謀伐三桓。會宣公卒，季文子怨之，歸父奔齊。 |
| | In the eighteenth year, Duke Xu Gong died; his son Heigong succeeded him as King Chenggong. Ji Wenzhi said, "The one who caused me to kill the legitimate heir and install a younger son, thereby losing great support, was Xiang Zhong." Xiang Zhong installed Duke Xu Gong, and Gongsun Guifu gained favor. Duke Xu Gong wanted to eliminate the Three Huans and conspired with Jin to attack them. However, when Duke Xu Gong died, Ji Wenzhi resented this, so Guifu fled to Qi.
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| | 魯周公世... : |
成公二年春，齊伐取我隆。夏，公與晉郤克敗齊頃公於砹齊復歸我侵地。四年，成公如晉，晉景公不敬魯。魯欲背晉合於楚，或諫，乃不。十年，成公如晉。晉景公卒，因留成公送葬，魯諱之。十五年，始與吳王壽夢會鐘離。 |
| | In spring of the second year of King Chenggong's reign, Qi attacked and captured Long from us. In summer, the king allied with Xi Ke of Jin to defeat King Qinggong of Qi at Ai. Qi then returned the territories it had invaded. In the fourth year, King Chenggong visited Jin, but Jinggong of Jin did not show respect to Lu. Lu wanted to abandon its alliance with Jin and join forces with Chu, but after some advised against it, they decided not to proceed. In the tenth year, King Chenggong went to Jin. When Jinggong of Jin died, they detained King Chenggong to accompany them in the funeral rites; Lu concealed this incident. In the fifteenth year, Lu first met with Wu Wang Shoumeng at Zhongli.
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| | 魯周公世... : |
十六年，宣伯告晉，欲誅季文子。文子有義，晉人弗許。 |
| | In the sixteenth year, Xuanbo reported to Jin and wanted to execute Ji Wenzhi. Ji Wenzhi was virtuous; the people of Jin did not agree.
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| | 魯周公世... : |
十八年，成公卒，子午立，是為襄公。是時襄公三歲也。 |
| | In the eighteenth year, King Chenggong died and his son Wu succeeded him as king, who was known as King Xianggong. At that time, King Xianggong was only three years old.
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| | 魯周公世... : |
襄公元年，晉立悼公。往年冬，晉欒書弒其君厲公。四年，襄公朝晉。 |
| | lords In the first year of King Xianggong's reign, Jin established Duke Daogong. The previous winter, Luan Shu of Jin assassinated his ruler, King Liegong. In the fourth year, Duke Xianggong paid a court visit to Jin.
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五年，季文子卒。家無衣帛之妾，廄無食粟之馬，府無金玉，以相三君。君子曰：「季文子廉忠矣。」 |
| | In the fifth year, Ji Wenzhi died. There were no concubines in his household who wore silk garments; there were no horses in the stable that ate grain; and there was no gold or jade in his treasury, as he served three rulers. The gentlemen said: "Ji Wenzhi is indeed upright and loyal."
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| | 魯周公世... : |
九年，與晉伐鄭。晉悼公冠襄公於衛，季武子從，相行禮。 |
| | In the ninth year, they joined Jin to attack Zheng. Duke Daogong of Jin held a capping ceremony for Duke Xianggong in Wei, and Ji Wusi followed along, assisting with the rituals.
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| | 魯周公世... : |
十一年，三桓氏分為三軍。 |
| | In the eleventh year, the Three Huans divided into three armies.
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十二年，朝晉。十六年，晉平公即位。二十一年，朝晉平公。 |
| | In the twelfth year, they paid a court visit to Jin. In the sixteenth year, Pinggong of Jin ascended the throne. In the twenty-first year, he paid a court visit to King Pinggong of Jin.
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| | 魯周公世... : |
二十二年，孔丘生。 |
| | In the twenty-second year, Kong Qiu was born.
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| | 魯周公世... : |
二十五年，齊崔杼弒其君莊公，立其弟景公。 |
| | In the twenty-fifth year, Cui Zhu of Qi assassinated his ruler King Zhuanggong and installed his younger brother as King Jinggong.
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| | 魯周公世... : |
二十九年，吳延陵季子使魯，問周樂，盡知其意，魯人敬焉。 |
| | In the twenty-ninth year, Ji Zi of Yanning from Wu was sent to Lu and inquired about Zhou music. He fully understood its meaning, and the people of Lu respected him for it.
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| | 魯周公世... : |
三十一年六月，襄公卒。其九月，太子卒。魯人立齊歸之子裯為君，是為昭公。 |
| | In the thirty-first year, on the sixth month, Duke Xianggong died. In that September, the crown prince died. The people of Lu installed Chou, the son of Qi Gui, as ruler; he was known as Duke Zhao.
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| | 魯周公世... : |
昭公年十九，猶有童心。穆叔不欲立，曰：「太子死，有母弟可立，不即立長。年鈞擇賢，義鈞則卜之。今裯非適嗣，且又居喪意不在戚而有喜色，若果立，必為季氏憂。」季武子弗聽，卒立之。比及葬，三易衰。君子曰：「是不終也。」 |
| | Duke Zhao was nineteen years old and still had childish tendencies. Mushu did not want to support this, saying: "When the crown prince dies, there is a younger full brother who can be installed as ruler. We should not bypass the eldest." "When their ages are equal, we choose the more virtuous one; when virtue is equal, then we resort to divination." "Now Chou is not the legitimate heir, and furthermore, during mourning he does not show sorrow but instead a joyful expression. If he were indeed installed as ruler, he would surely become a source of concern for the Ji family." Ji Wusi did not listen and ultimately had him installed. By the time of the burial, he changed his mourning clothes three times. The gentlemen said: "This one will not have a good ending."
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| | 魯周公世... : |
昭公三年，朝晉至河，晉平公謝還之，魯恥焉。四年，楚靈王會諸侯於申，昭公稱病不往。七年，季武子卒。八年，楚靈王就章華臺，召昭公。昭公往賀，賜昭公寶器；已而悔，復詐取之。十二年，朝晉至河，晉平公謝還之。十三年，楚公子棄疾弒其君靈王，代立。十五年，朝晉，晉留之葬晉昭公，魯恥之。二十年，齊景公與晏子狩竟，因入魯問禮。二十一年，朝晉至河，晉謝還之。 |
| | In the third year of Duke Zhao's reign, when he went to pay homage to Jin and reached the Yellow River, King Pinggong of Jin sent him back in disgrace; Lu was shamed by this. In the fourth year, Lord Lingwang of Chu convened feudal lords at Shen, but Duke Zhao claimed illness and did not attend. In the seventh year, Ji Wusi died. In the eighth year, Lord Lingwang of Chuyou ZHANGHUATAI and summoned Duke Zhao. Duke Zhao went to offer congratulations and was granted precious vessels by him; Later, he regretted it and deceitfully took them back. In the twelfth year, when Duke Zhao went to pay homage to Jin as far as the Yellow River, King Ping of Jin sent him back without receiving him; this shamed Lu. In the thirteenth year, Gongzi Qiji of Chu assassinated his ruler Lord Lingwang and took over the throne in his place. In the fifteenth year, Duke Zhao paid a visit to Jin, but was detained by them to attend the funeral of King Zhao of Jin; this shamed Lu. In the twentieth year, King Jinggong of Qi and Yanzi went hunting at the border, and thus entered Lu to inquire about rites. In the twenty-first year, Duke Zhao went to Jin as far as the river, but was sent back without being received; this shamed Lu again.
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二十五年春，鸜鵒來巢。師己曰：「文成之世童謠曰『鸜鵒來巢，公在乾侯。鸜鵒入處，公在外野』。」 |
| | In spring of the twenty-fifth year, a qiongzhi bird came to nest. Shi Ji said: "In the time of King Wengong, a children's rhyme went: 'When the qiongzhi comes to nest, the ruler will be at Qianhou.'" "When the qiongzhi enters and nests, the ruler is in the outer fields."
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| | 魯周公世... : |
季氏與郈氏鬬雞，季氏芥雞羽，郈氏金距。季平子怒而侵郈氏，郈昭伯亦怒平子。臧昭伯之弟會偽讒臧氏，匿季氏，臧昭伯囚季氏人。季平子怒，囚臧氏老。臧、郈氏以難告昭公。昭公九月戊戌伐季氏，遂入。平子登臺請曰：「君以讒不察臣罪，誅之，請遷沂上。」弗許。請囚於鄪，弗許。請以五乘亡，弗許。子家駒曰：「君其許之。政自季氏久矣，為徒者眾，眾將合謀。」弗聽。郈氏曰：「必殺之。」叔孫氏之臣戾謂其眾曰：「無季氏與有，孰利？」皆曰：「無季氏是無叔孫氏。」戾曰：「然，救季氏！」遂敗公師。孟懿子聞叔孫氏勝，亦殺郈昭伯。郈昭伯為公使，故孟氏得之。三家共伐公，公遂奔。己亥，公至于齊。齊景公曰：「請致千社待君。」子家曰：「棄周公之業而臣於齊，可乎？」乃止。子家曰：「齊景公無信，不如早之晉。」弗從。叔孫見公還，見平子，平子頓首。初欲迎昭公，孟孫、季孫後悔，乃止。 |
| | The Ji family and Hou Shi had a cockfight. The Ji family used chickens with feathers treated with mustard, while the Hou family used roosters fitted with metal spurs. Ji Pingzi became angry and invaded the Hou clan's territory; Hou Zhao Bo was also furious at Ji Pingzi. Zang Zhao Bo's younger brother Hui falsely slandered the Zang clan, hiding in the Ji family. In response, Zang Zhao Bo imprisoned someone from the Ji family. Ji Pingzi was furious and imprisoned an elder of the Zang family. The Zang and Hou families reported their grievances to Duke Zhao. On the Wuxu day of the ninth month, Duke Zhao attacked the Ji family and succeeded in entering their territory. Pingzi climbed onto a platform and pleaded, saying: "Your Majesty has not investigated my innocence due to slander. If you wish to punish me, please exile me to Yishang." It was not permitted. He then requested to be imprisoned in Bi, but this too was denied. He further asked for permission to flee with five chariots, but again it was refused. Zijia Ju said: "Your Majesty should grant his request." "For a long time, power has rested with the Ji family. They have many followers who will conspire together if they are not satisfied." He did not listen. The Hou family said: "We must kill him." Li, a retainer of the Shusun clan, told his followers: "Which is more beneficial for us, having or not having the Ji family?" They all replied: "Without the Ji family, there would be no Shusun family." Li said: "Then let us save the Ji family!" They then defeated the king's forces. Meng Yizi, upon hearing that the Shusun clan had won, also killed Hou Zhao Bo. Hou Zhao Bo was serving as an envoy for the king; thus, Meng's family captured him. The three families then jointly attacked the king, and he fled as a result. On the Jihai day, the king arrived in Qi. King Jinggong of Qi said: "Please allow me to grant you a thousand she of land for your residence." Zijia said: "Shall we abandon the legacy of Duke of Zhou and become subjects of Qi? Is that acceptable?" They then decided against it. Zijia said: "King Jinggong of Qi is untrustworthy; we had better go to Jin sooner." They did not follow this advice. Shusun met the king upon his return and saw Pingzi, who then kowtowed in submission. Initially they had wanted to welcome Duke Zhao back, but Mengsun and Jisun later regretted it and stopped the plan.
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二十六年春，齊伐魯，取鄆而居昭公焉。夏，齊景公將內公，令無受魯賂。申豐、汝賈許齊臣高龁、子將粟五千庾。子將言於齊侯曰：「群臣不能事魯君，有異焉。宋元公為魯如晉，求內之，道卒。叔孫昭子求內其君，無病而死。不知天棄魯乎？抑魯君有罪于鬼神也？願君且待。」齊景公從之。 |
| | In spring of the twenty-sixth year, Qi attacked Lu, captured Yun, and settled Duke Zhao there. In summer, King Jinggong of Qi planned to bring the king back into Lu and ordered that no bribes from Lu be accepted. Shen Feng and Ru Jia, however, promised King Qi's ministers Gao Ge and Zi Jiang five thousand yu of grain. Zijiang said to the ruler of Qi: "The officials are unable to serve Duke Zhao of Lu, and there is something unusual about this. Duke Yuangong of Song went to Jin on behalf of Lu to request that the king be allowed back, but he died along the way. Shusun Zhaozi sought to have his ruler reinstated in Lu and died suddenly without illness. No one knew whether Heaven had abandoned Lu or not? Or perhaps the ruler of Lu had committed a sin against spirits and deities? "I hope Your Majesty will wait for now." King Jinggong of Qi followed this advice.
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二十八年，昭公如晉，求入。季平子私於晉六卿，六卿受季氏賂，諫晉君，晉君乃止，居昭公乾侯。二十九年，昭公如鄆。齊景公使人賜昭公書，自謂「主君」。昭公恥之，怒而去乾侯。三十一年，晉欲內昭公，召季平子。平子布衣跣行，因六卿謝罪。六卿為言曰：「晉欲內昭公，眾不從。」晉人止。三十二年，昭公卒於乾侯。魯人共立昭公弟宋為君，是為定公。 |
| | In the twenty-eighth year, Duke Zhao went to Jin and requested to return to Lu. Ji Pingzi secretly bribed the six high ministers of Jin, who accepted gifts from the Ji family and advised King Jin against allowing Duke Zhao to return. The king of Jin then refused, and Duke Zhao remained in Qianhou. In the twenty-ninth year, Duke Zhao went to Yun. King Jinggong of Qi sent someone to present a letter to Duke Zhao and referred to himself as "the sovereign lord." Duke Zhao was shamed by this, became angry, and left for Qianhou. In the thirty-first year, Jin wanted to allow Duke Zhao back into Lu and summoned Ji Pingzi. Pingzi went barefoot in plain clothes and through the six high ministers apologized for his sins. The six high ministers said on his behalf, "Jin wants to allow Duke Zhao back in, but the people do not agree." The people of Jin stopped this plan. In the thirty-second year, Duke Zhao died in Qianhou. The people of Lu jointly installed Duke Zhao's younger brother Song as ruler; this was King Dinggong.
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| | 魯周公世... : |
定公立，趙簡子問史墨曰：「季氏亡乎？」史墨對曰：「不亡。季友有大功於魯，受鄪為上卿，至于文子、武子，世增其業。魯文公卒，東門遂殺適立庶，魯君於是失國政。政在季氏，於今四君矣。民不知君，何以得國！是以為君慎器與名，不可以假人。」 |
| | After King Dinggong ascended the throne, Zhao Jianzi asked Shi Mo, "Will the Ji family be destroyed?" Shi Mo replied, "They will not be destroyed. Ji You had great merit for Lu and was granted the fief of Yi as a top minister. This continued through Wenzǐ and Wǔzǐ, with each generation increasing their achievements. When King Wen of Lu died, Dongmen Sui killed the legitimate heir and installed a younger son instead; from then on, the rulers of Lu lost control of state affairs. Power has been in the hands of the Ji family for four generations now. The people do not recognize their ruler; how can they retain control of the state! Therefore, a ruler must be cautious about power and titles, which cannot be entrusted to others."
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定公五年，季平子卒。陽虎私怒，囚季桓子，與盟，乃捨之。七年，齊伐我，取鄆，以為魯陽虎邑以從政。八年，陽虎欲盡殺三桓適，而更立其所善庶子以代之；載季桓子將殺之，桓子詐而得脫。三桓共攻陽虎，陽虎居陽關。九年，魯伐陽虎，陽虎奔齊，已而奔晉趙氏。 |
| | In the fifth year of King Dinggong's reign, Ji Pingzi died. Yang Hu was privately angry and imprisoned Ji Huanzi; after making an oath with him, he released him. In the seventh year, Qi attacked us, captured Yun, and established it as a fief for Yang Hu of Lu to govern. In the eighth year, Yang Hu wanted to kill all three legitimate heirs of the Huan clan and replace them with younger sons he favored. He planned to have Ji Huanzi killed, but Huanzi deceived him and escaped. The three Huan families jointly attacked Yang Hu, who then took refuge at Yangguan. In the ninth year, Lu attacked Yang Hu, and Yang Hu fled to Qi; later he went on to Sishu of Jin.
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十年，定公與齊景公會於夾谷，孔子行相事。齊欲襲魯君，孔子以禮歷階，誅齊淫樂，齊侯懼，乃止，歸魯侵地而謝過。十二年，使仲由毀三桓城，收其甲兵。孟氏不肯墮城，伐之，不克而止。季桓子受齊女樂，孔子去。 |
| | In the tenth year, King Dinggong met with King Jinggong of Qi at Jiagu, and Confucius served as chief minister. Qi wanted to attack King Lu, but Confucius ascended the steps in accordance with ritual and punished Qi's lewd music; King of Qi was frightened and stopped his plan. He returned the occupied land to Lu and apologized for the offense. In the twelfth year, they sent Zhong You to destroy the walls of the three Huan fiefs and confiscate their weapons and armor. The Meng family refused to dismantle its city wall, so they attacked them but failed and stopped. Ji Huanzi accepted female musicians from Qi, and Confucius left Lu.
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十五年，定公卒，子將立，是為哀公。 |
| | In the fifteenth year, King Dinggong died; his son was installed as ruler, this being King Aigong.
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| | 魯周公世... : |
哀公五年，齊景公卒。六年，齊田乞弒其君孺子。 |
| | In the fifth year of King Aigong's reign, King Jinggong of Qi died. In the sixth year, Tian Qǐ killed his ruler Ruzi.
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| | 魯周公世... : |
七年，吳王夫差彊，伐齊，至繒，徵百牢於魯。季康子使子貢說吳王及太宰嚭，以禮詘之。吳王曰：「我文身，不足責禮。」乃止。 |
| | In the seventh year, King Fuchai of Wu was powerful and attacked Qi, reaching Zeng, and demanded a hundred sacrificial offerings from Lu. Ji Kangzi sent Zi Gong to persuade King Wu and the Grand Minister Tai Zai Pi, using ritual to dissuade them. King Wu said, "I am tattooed; I cannot be held to standards of ritual." They then stopped.
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吳為鄒伐魯，至城下，盟而去。齊伐我，取三邑。十年，伐齊南邊。 |
| | Wu, on behalf of Zou, attacked Lu and reached the city walls; after making an alliance, they withdrew. Qi attacked us and captured three fiefs. In the tenth year, they attacked the southern border of Qi.
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| | 魯周公世... : |
齊伐魯。季氏用冉有有功，思孔子，孔子自衛歸魯。齊田常弒其君簡公於俆州。孔子請伐之，哀公不聽。 |
| | Qi attacked Lu. Ji Shi employed Ran You, who achieved success and thought of Confucius; thus, Confucius returned from Wei to Lu. Tian Chang killed his ruler King Jian of Qi in Xuzhou. Confucius requested to attack them, but King Aigong did not listen.
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| | 魯周公世... : |
十五年，使子服景伯、子貢為介，適齊，齊歸我侵地。田常初相，欲親諸侯。 |
| | In the fifteenth year, they sent Zifu Jingbo and Zi Gong as envoys to Qi, and Qi returned the occupied land. Tian Chang was newly appointed prime minister and wished to cultivate good relations with the feudal lords.
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| | 魯周公世... : |
十六年，孔子卒。 |
| | In the sixteenth year, Confucius died.
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二十二年，越王句踐滅吳王夫差。 |
| | In the twenty-second year, King Goujian of Yue destroyed King Fuchai of Wu.
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| | 魯周公世... : |
二十七年春，季康子卒。夏，哀公患三桓，將欲因諸侯以劫之，三桓亦患公作難，故君臣多閒。公游于陵阪，遇孟武伯於街，曰：「請問余及死乎？」對曰：「不知也。」公欲以越伐三桓。八月，哀公如陘氏。三桓攻公，公奔于衛，去如鄒，遂如越。國人迎哀公復歸，卒于有山氏。子寧立，是為悼公。 |
| | In spring of the twenty-seventh year, Ji Kangzi died. In summer, King Aigong was troubled by the three Huan families and planned to use feudal lords to intimidate them. The three Huan were also worried about the king causing trouble, so relations between ruler and ministers became strained. The king was touring Lingban when he met Meng Wubei on the street, who said, "May I ask if you will live to see my death?" He replied, "I do not know." The king wanted to use Yue to attack the three Huan. In August, King Aigong went to Xingshi. The three Huan attacked the king; he fled to Wei, then left for Zou and eventually arrived in Yue. The people of Lu welcomed King Aigong back and he returned, dying at Youshan Shi's residence. Zining was installed as ruler; this was Duke Daogong.
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| | 魯周公世... : |
悼公之時，三桓勝，魯如小侯，卑於三桓之家。 |
| | During the reign of Duke Daogong, the three Huan families prevailed, and Lu became like a minor lord, subordinate to the Ji family.
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| | 魯周公世... : |
十三年，三晉滅智伯，分其地有之。 |
| | In the thirteenth year, the Three Jin states destroyed Zhi Bo and divided his territory among themselves.
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| | 魯周公世... : |
三十七年，悼公卒，子嘉立，是為元公。元公二十一年卒，子顯立，是為穆公。穆公三十三年卒，子奮立，是為共公。共公二十二年卒，子屯立，是為康公。康公九年卒，子匽立，是為景公。景公二十九年卒，子叔立，是為平公。是時六國皆稱王。 |
| | In the thirty-seventh year, Duke Daogong died; his son Jia was installed as ruler, this becoming King Yuangong. King Yuangong died in the twenty-first year of his reign; his son Xian was installed as ruler, known as Duke Mugu. Duke Mugu died in the thirty-third year of his reign; his son Fen was installed as ruler, becoming King Gonggong. King Gonggong died in the twenty-second year of his reign; his son Tun was installed as ruler, called Duke Kanggong. Duke Kanggong died in the ninth year of his reign; his son Yan was installed as ruler, named King Jinggong. King Jinggong died in the twenty-ninth year of his reign; his son Shu was installed as ruler, who became King Pinggong. At this time, all six states had declared themselves kings.
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| | 魯周公世... : |
平公十二年，秦惠王卒。二十（二）年，平公卒，子賈立，是為文公。文公（七）［元］年，楚懷王死于秦。二十三年，文公卒，子讎立，是為頃公。 |
| | In the twelfth year of King Pinggong's reign, King Huaiwang of Qin died. In the twentieth year, King Pinggong died; his son Jia became ruler, known as King Wengong. In the first year of King Wengong's reign (the first year), King Huaiwang of Chu died in Qin. In the twenty-third year, King Wengong died; his son Chou was installed as ruler, this known as King Qinggong.
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| | 魯周公世... : |
頃公二年，秦拔楚之郢，楚頃王東徙于陳。十九年，楚伐我，取徐州。二十四年，楚考烈王伐滅魯。頃公亡，遷於下邑，為家人，魯絕祀。頃公卒于柯。 |
| | In the second year of King Qinggong's reign, Qin captured Ying from Chu; King Qingwang of Chu moved east to Chen. In the nineteenth year, Chu attacked us and took Xuzhou. In the twenty-fourth year, King Kaolie of Chu launched a campaign that destroyed Lu. King Qinggong fled and was relocated to Xiayi, where he became an ordinary family member; the ancestral rites of Lu were extinguished. King Qinggong died in Ke.
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| | 魯周公世... : |
魯起周公至頃公，凡三十四世。 |
| | From Duke of Zhou to King Qinggong, Lu had a total of thirty-four generations.
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| | 魯周公世... : |
太史公曰：余聞孔子稱曰「甚矣魯道之衰也！洙泗之閒龂龂如也」。觀慶父及叔牙閔公之際，何其亂也？隱桓之事；襄仲殺適立庶；三家北面為臣，親攻昭公，昭公以奔。至其揖讓之禮則從矣，而行事何其戾也？ |
| | Grand Historian said: I have heard Confucius say, "How greatly has the way of Lu declined! The debates and discussions by the rivers Zhu and Si are still vigorous." Observing the time of Qingfu, Shuya, and King Min, how chaotic it was! The events involving Duke Yin and Duke Huan; Xiang Zhong killed the legitimate heir to install a younger son; The three families, though seated in northern ministerial positions, personally attacked Duke Zhao, who was forced into exile. Although they followed the formal courtesies of yielding and courtesy, how greatly did their actions deviate from righteousness!
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