| | 趙世家: |
趙氏之先，與秦共祖。至中衍，為帝大戊御。其後世蜚廉有子二人，而命其一子曰惡來，事紂，為周所殺，其後為秦。惡來弟曰季勝，其後為趙。 |
| | The ancestors of the Zhao family shared a common ancestor with the Qin dynasty. Up to Zhongyan, he served as charioteer for Emperor Taiwu. His descendants Feilian had two sons, and he named one of them Elai, who served Zhou the Wicked and was killed by the Zhou dynasty; his descendants became the Qin. Elai's younger brother was named Jisheng, whose descendants became the Zhao clan.
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| | 趙世家: |
季勝生孟增。孟增幸於周成王，是為宅皋狼。皋狼生衡父，衡父生造父。造父幸於周繆王。造父取驥之乘匹，與桃林盜驪、驊騮、綠耳，獻之繆王。繆王使造父御，西巡狩，見西王母，樂之忘歸。而徐偃王反，繆王日馳千里馬，攻徐偃王，大破之。乃賜造父以趙城，由此為趙氏。 |
| | Jisheng gave birth to Mengzeng. Mengzeng was favored by King Cheng of Zhou; this is known as Zhai Gaolang. Gaolang gave birth to Hengfu, and Hengfu gave birth to Zaofu. Zaofu was favored by King Miao of Zhou. Zaofu selected a matched set of horses from Ji, and stole Taolin's Tali, Huailou, and Lü'er, presenting them to King Miao. King Miao made Zaofu his charioteer and embarked on a western tour, where he met the Queen Mother of Heaven (Xi Wangmu) and was so delighted that he forgot to return. Meanwhile, Xu Yanwang rebelled; King Miao rode his thousand-li-a-day horse daily and attacked Xu Yanwang, defeating him decisively. He then bestowed the city of Zhao upon Zaofu; thus began the Zhao clan.
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| | 趙世家: |
自造父已下六世至奄父，曰公仲，周宣王時伐戎，為御。及千畝戰，奄父脫宣王。奄父生叔帶。叔帶之時，周幽王無道，去周如晉，事晉文侯，始建趙氏于晉國。 |
| | From Zaofu, six generations passed until Yanfu, also known as Gongzhong, who served as a charioteer during King Xuan of Zhou's campaign against the Rong tribes. During the battle at Qianmu, Yanfu rescued King Xuan. Yanfu gave birth to Shudai. During the time of Shudai, King You of Zhou was tyrannical; he left Zhou and went to Jin, serving Duke Wen of Jin, thus establishing the Zhao clan in the state of Jin.
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| | 趙世家: |
自叔帶以下，趙宗益興，五世而（生）［至］趙夙。 |
| | From Shudai onward, the Zhao lineage flourished increasingly; five generations later came Zhao Su.
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| | 趙世家: |
趙夙，晉獻公之十六年伐霍、魏、耿，而趙夙為將伐霍。霍公求奔齊。晉大旱，卜之，曰「霍太山為祟」。使趙夙召霍君於齊，復之，以奉霍太山之祀，晉復穰。晉獻公賜趙夙耿。 |
| | Zhao Su was a general who led the campaign against Huo during Duke Xian of Jin's sixteenth year, when Jin attacked Huo, Wei, and Geng. The ruler of Huo fled to Qi in pursuit. Jin suffered a great drought; divination was performed, and it indicated that "the mountain god of Huo Tai Shan is causing the calamity." Jin sent Zhao Su to summon the ruler of Huo from Qi, restored him, so that he could preside over sacrifices at the temple of Huo Tai Shan; as a result, Jin experienced abundant harvests again. Duke Xian of Jin granted Geng to Zhao Su.
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| | 趙世家: |
夙生共孟，當魯閔公之元年也。共孟生趙衰，字子餘。 |
| | Su gave birth to Gongmeng, during the first year of Duke Min of Lu's reign. Gongmeng gave birth to Zhao Cui, courtesy name Ziyu.
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| | 趙世家: |
趙衰卜事晉獻公及諸公子，莫吉；卜事公子重耳，吉，即事重耳。重耳以驪姬之亂亡奔翟，趙衰從。翟伐廧咎如，得二女，翟以其少女妻重耳，長女妻趙衰而生盾。初，重耳在晉時，趙衰妻亦生趙同、趙括、趙嬰齊。趙衰從重耳出亡，凡十九年，得反國。重耳為晉文公，趙衰為原大夫，居原，任國政。文公所以反國及霸，多趙衰計策，語在晉事中。 |
| | Zhao Cui divined whether he should serve Duke Xian of Jin and his various sons, but none were auspicious; divination for serving the nobleman Chonger was auspicious, so he immediately served Chonger. Chonger fled to Di due to the chaos caused by Liji, and Zhao Cui followed him. Di attacked Qiangjiuru and captured two women; Di gave the younger daughter to Chonger in marriage, and the elder daughter to Zhao Cui, who bore a son named Dun. Initially, when Chonger was still in Jin, Zhao Cui's wife also bore three sons: Zhao Tong, Zhao Kuo, and Zhao Yingqi. Zhao Cui followed Chonger into exile for a total of nineteen years before they were able to return to the state. Chonger became Duke Wen of Jin; Zhao Cui was appointed as the official in charge of Yuan, residing there and assuming responsibility for state affairs. Duke Wen's return to power and his dominance were largely due to Zhao Cui's strategies; these accounts are recorded in the annals of Jin.
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| | 趙世家: |
趙衰既反晉，晉之妻固要迎翟妻，而以其子盾為適嗣，晉妻三子皆下事之。晉襄公之六年，而趙衰卒，謚為成季。 |
| | After Zhao Cui returned to Jin, his wife from Jin insisted on welcoming the woman from Di as a concubine and designated her son Dun as the legitimate heir; the three sons born to Zhao Cui by his Jin wife all served him in a subordinate position. In the sixth year of Duke Xiang of Jin's reign, Zhao Cui died and was posthumously honored with the title Chengji.
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| | 趙世家: |
趙盾代成季任國政二年而晉襄公卒，太子夷皋年少。盾為國多難，欲立襄公弟雍。雍時在秦，使使迎之。太子母日夜啼泣，頓首謂趙盾曰：「先君何罪，釋其適子而更求君？」趙盾患之，恐其宗與大夫襲誅之，乃遂立太子，是為靈公，發兵距所迎襄公弟於秦者。靈公既立，趙盾益專國政。 |
| | Zhao Dun succeeded Chengji in assuming state affairs for two years when Duke Xiang of Jin died, and the crown prince Yigao was still young. As the country faced many difficulties, Zhao Dun wanted to install Duke Xiang's younger brother, Yong. Yong was then in Qin, so envoys were sent to welcome him. The crown prince's mother wept and wailed day and night, bowing her head to Zhao Dun and saying, "What crime did the late ruler commit that you abandon his legitimate son in favor of seeking another ruler?" Zhao Dun was troubled by this and feared that his clan and the officials might attack and kill him, so he proceeded to install the crown prince as ruler; this became Duke Ling. He dispatched troops to intercept those who had been sent from Qin to welcome Duke Xiang's brother. After Duke Ling was enthroned, Zhao Dun grew even more dominant in state affairs.
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| | 趙世家: |
靈公立十四年，益驕。趙盾驟諫，靈公弗聽。及食熊蹯，胹不熟，殺宰人，持其尸出，趙盾見之。靈公由此懼，欲殺盾。盾素仁愛人，嘗所食桑下餓人反捍救盾，盾以得亡。未出境，而趙穿弒靈公而立襄公弟黑臀，是為成公。趙盾復反，任國政。君子譏盾「為正卿，亡不出境，反不討賊」，故太史書曰「趙盾弒其君」。晉景公時而趙盾卒，謚為宣孟，子朔嗣。 |
| | In the fourteenth year of Duke Ling's reign, he became increasingly arrogant. Zhao Dun repeatedly advised him, but Duke Ling refused to listen. When he ate xiongfan (a bear's paw), it was not properly stewed, so he killed the cook and carried his corpse out; Zhao Dun saw this. Duke Ling became frightened by this incident and wanted to kill Zhao Dun. Zhao Dun was always kind-hearted; once, a starving man who had been fed by him under a mulberry tree repaid the favor by defending and rescuing Zhao Dun, allowing him to escape. Before he had crossed the border, Zhao Chuan assassinated Duke Ling and installed Duke Xiang's younger brother Hequn; this became Duke Cheng. Zhao Dun returned to power and resumed control of state affairs. The gentlemen criticized Zhao Dun, saying "as the chief minister, he fled but did not leave the state's borders; upon returning, he did not punish the murderer," so the Grand Historian recorded it as "Zhao Dun assassinated his ruler." During Duke Jing of Jin's reign, Zhao Dun died and was posthumously titled Xuansheng; his son Shuo succeeded him.
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| | 趙世家: |
趙朔，晉景公之三年，朔為晉將下軍救鄭，與楚莊王戰河上。朔娶晉成公姊為夫人。 |
| | Zhao Shuo, in the third year of Duke Jing of Jin's reign: Shuo served as a general commanding the lower army to rescue Zheng and fought against King Zhuang of Chu on the river. Shuo married the elder sister of Duke Cheng of Jin as his wife.
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| | 趙世家: |
晉景公之三年，大夫屠岸賈欲誅趙氏。初，趙盾在時，夢見叔帶持要而哭，甚悲；已而笑，拊手且歌。盾卜之，兆絕而後好。趙史援占之，曰：「此夢甚惡，非君之身，乃君之子，然亦君之咎。至孫，趙將世益衰。」屠岸賈者，始有寵於靈公，及至於景公而賈為司寇，將作難，乃治靈公之賊以致趙盾，遍告諸將曰：「盾雖不知，猶為賊首。以臣弒君，子孫在朝，何以懲罪？請誅之。」韓厥曰：「靈公遇賊，趙盾在外，吾先君以為無罪，故不誅。今諸君將誅其後，是非先君之意而今妄誅。妄誅謂之亂。臣有大事而君不聞，是無君也。」屠岸賈不聽。韓厥告趙朔趣亡。朔不肯，曰：「子必不絕趙祀，朔死不恨。」韓厥許諾，稱疾不出。賈不請而擅與諸將攻趙氏於下宮，殺趙朔、趙同、趙括、趙嬰齊，皆滅其族。 |
| | In the third year of Duke Jing's reign, the official Tu'an Jia wanted to exterminate the Zhao clan. Initially, when Zhao Dun was still alive, he dreamed of Shudai holding his waist and weeping bitterly; Then he laughed, clapped his hands, and sang. Zhao Dun divined the matter; the omen was first broken but then auspicious. The Zhao clan's historian interpreted it, saying: "This dream is very ominous; the calamity will not befall you personally but your son. However, this is also due to your fault." "It will reach your grandson, and from then on, the Zhao generals' lineage will gradually decline." Tu'an Jia, who had initially gained favor under Duke Ling, by the time of Duke Jing became the Minister of Justice. As he was planning to create trouble, he investigated the assassins of Duke Ling in order to implicate Zhao Dun. He informed all the generals: "Although Dun may not have known about it, he is still the leader of the conspirators." "A minister who assassinated his ruler has descendants still serving in court—how can we punish such a crime?" "Please execute them." Yan Jue said: "When Duke Ling was assassinated, Zhao Dun was outside the country. Our late ruler considered him innocent and thus did not execute him." "Now you all intend to kill his descendants, which is contrary to the will of our late ruler and an arbitrary execution now. "Arbitrary executions are called chaos." "If an official carries out a major action without the ruler's knowledge, this is to have no ruler at all." Tu'an Jia did not listen. Yan Jue informed Zhao Shuo to flee quickly. Shuo refused, saying: "As long as you ensure the Zhao ancestral sacrifices are not extinguished, I will have no regrets in death." Yan Jue promised and claimed illness to stay indoors. Tu'an Jia acted without permission and led the generals to attack the Zhao clan at Xiagong, killing Zhao Shuo, Zhao Tong, Zhao Kua, and Zhao Yingqi, exterminating their entire lineage.
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| | 趙世家: |
趙朔妻成公姊，有遺腹，走公宮匿。趙朔客曰公孫杵臼，杵臼謂朔友人程嬰曰：「胡不死？」程嬰曰：「朔之婦有遺腹，若幸而男，吾奉之；即女也，吾徐死耳。」居無何，而朔婦免身，生男。屠岸賈聞之，索於宮中。夫人置兒叱罅祝曰：「趙宗滅乎，若號；即不滅，若無聲。」及索，兒竟無聲。已脫，程嬰謂公孫杵臼曰：「今一索不得，後必且復索之，柰何？」公孫杵臼曰：「立孤與死孰難？」程嬰曰：「死易，立孤難耳。」公孫杵臼曰：「趙氏先君遇子厚，子彊為其難者，吾為其易者，請先死。」乃二人謀取他人嬰兒負之，衣以文葆，匿山中。程嬰出，謬謂諸將軍曰：「嬰不肖，不能立趙孤。誰能與我千金，吾告趙氏孤處。」諸將皆喜，許之，發師隨程嬰攻公孫杵臼。杵臼謬曰：「小人哉程嬰！昔下宮之難不能死，與我謀匿趙氏孤兒，今又賣我。縱不能立，而忍賣之乎！」抱兒呼曰：「天乎天乎！趙氏孤兒何罪？請活之，獨殺杵臼可也。」諸將不許，遂殺杵臼與孤兒。諸將以為趙氏孤兒良已死，皆喜。然趙氏真孤乃反在，程嬰卒與俱匿山中。 |
| | Zhao Shuo's wife, the elder sister of Duke Cheng, was pregnant with a child yet to be born; she fled to the palace and hid there. A guest of Zhao Shuo named Gongsun Chujiu said to Cheng Ying, a friend of Shuo: "Why don't you die?" Cheng Ying replied: "Zhao Shuo's wife is pregnant with a child. If it turns out to be a boy, I will raise him; if it is a girl, then I can die at my leisure." Not long after, Zhao Shuo's wife gave birth to a boy. Tu'an Jia heard about it and searched the palace. The lady placed the child in a narrow crevice and shouted an incantation, saying: "Will the Zhao clan be exterminated? If so, let the child cry; if not, remain silent." When they searched, the child remained completely silent. After escaping, Cheng Ying said to Gongsun Chujiu: "Now that one search has failed to find the child, they will surely search again later. What are we to do?" Gongsun Chujiu asked: "Which is more difficult—raising an orphan or dying?" Cheng Ying said, "Dying is easy; raising an orphan is the hard part." Gongsun Chujiu said: "The ancestors of the Zhao clan treated you kindly. You should take on the harder task, while I will take the easier one; please let me die first." The two men then conspired to take another man's infant, wrapped it in fine cloth, and hid it in the mountains. Cheng Ying went out and falsely told the generals: "I am unworthy and unable to raise Zhao's orphan. Whoever gives me a thousand gold pieces, I will tell you where Zhao's heir is." The generals were all pleased and agreed; they mobilized their troops to follow Cheng Ying in attacking Gongsun Chujiu. Chujiu falsely said: "How despicable is Cheng Ying! In the past, during the Xiagong disaster, he could not die for his cause and conspired with me to hide Zhao's orphan; now he has betrayed me." Even if you were unable to raise the child yourself, how could you bear to sell him out?"!" He held the child and cried: "Heaven! Heaven! What crime has Zhao's orphan committed?!" "Please let the child live; kill only me, Chujiu." The generals refused and proceeded to kill Gongsun Chujiu along with the infant. The generals believed that Zhao's orphan had indeed died, and they were all delighted. However, the real Zhao heir was still alive; Cheng Ying eventually remained hidden in the mountains with him.
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| | 趙世家: |
居十五年，晉景公疾，卜之，大業之後不遂者為祟。景公問韓厥，厥知趙孤在，乃曰：「大業之後在晉絕祀者，其趙氏乎？夫自中衍者皆嬴姓也。中衍人面鳥噣，降佐殷帝大戊，及周天子，皆有明德。下及幽厲無道，而叔帶去周適晉，事先君文侯，至于成公，世有立功，未嘗絕祀。今吾君獨滅趙宗，國人哀之，故見龜策。唯君圖之。」景公問：「趙尚有後子孫乎？」韓厥具以實告。於是景公乃與韓厥謀立趙孤兒，召而匿之宮中。諸將入問疾，景公因韓厥之眾以脅諸將而見趙孤。趙孤名曰武。諸將不得已，乃曰：「昔下宮之難，屠岸賈為之，矯以君命，并命群臣。非然，孰敢作難！微君之疾，群臣固且請立趙後。今君有命，群臣之願也。」於是召趙武、程嬰遍拜諸將，遂反與程嬰、趙武攻屠岸賈，滅其族。復與趙武田邑如故。 |
| | Fifteen years later, Duke Jing of Jin fell ill; divination was performed and indicated that the calamity was caused by an unfinished great undertaking from the descendants of Daye. Duke Jing asked Yan Jue, who knew that Zhao's heir was alive. He said: "Among those whose great undertakings were left unfinished and who have been cut off from ancestral sacrifices in Jin—could it be the Zhao clan?" All descendants since Zhongyan are of the Ying surname. Zhongyan had a human face and bird's beak; he descended to assist Emperor Taiwu of Yin, as well as the Zhou emperors, all of whom possessed virtuous conduct. Later, during the reigns of You and Li, who were tyrannical rulers, Shudai left Zhou for Jin and served our late ruler Duke Wenhou; up to Duke Cheng, the Zhao clan consistently achieved meritorious service without ever being cut off from ancestral rites. Now our ruler alone has exterminated the Zhao lineage, and the people of the state mourn for them; hence, it is revealed in the oracle. I beg you to consider this matter, Your Majesty." Duke Jing asked: "Does the Zhao clan still have descendants?" Yan Jue fully informed him of the truth. Thus, Duke Jing plotted with Yan Jue to restore Zhao's orphan and summoned him, hiding him in the palace. When the generals entered to inquire about his illness, Duke Jing used Yan Jue's forces to intimidate them and presented Zhao's orphan before them. Zhao Wu was the name of Zhao's orphan. The generals had no choice but to say: "In the past, during the disaster at Xiagong, Tu Anjia was responsible. He forged the king's orders and commanded all ministers." Who else would dare to cause such a disturbance! Had it not been for Your Majesty's illness, the ministers would have already requested to restore Zhao's descendants. Now that Your Majesty has given orders, this is also what the ministers desire." Thus, Zhao Wu and Cheng Ying were summoned to pay respects to all the generals. They then returned with Cheng Ying and Zhao Wu to attack Tu Anjia, exterminating his clan. The fiefdoms and lands were restored to Zhao Wu as they had been before.
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| | 趙世家: |
及趙武冠，為成人，程嬰乃辭諸大夫，謂趙武曰：「昔下宮之難，皆能死。我非不能死，我思立趙氏之後。今趙武既立，為成人，復故位，我將下報趙宣孟與公孫杵臼。」趙武啼泣頓首固請，曰：「武願苦筋骨以報子至死，而子忍去我死乎！」程嬰曰：「不可。彼以我為能成事，故先我死；今我不報，是以我事為不成。」遂自殺。趙武服齊衰三年，為之祭邑，春秋祠之，世世勿絕。 |
| | When Zhao Wu came of age and was given the adult hat, Cheng Ying then bid farewell to the nobles and said to Zhao Wu: "In those days during the disaster at Xiagong Palace, all were willing to die. It was not that I lacked the will to die; I only wished to restore the Zhao lineage. Now that Zhao Wu has been restored, is an adult, and has regained his former position, I shall go below to report to Lord Zhao Xuanmeng and Gongsun Chujiu." Zhao Wu wept, fell to his knees and repeatedly begged, saying: "I am willing to endure hardship with my body and bones until death in order to repay you, yet how can you be so cruel as to leave me and die!" Cheng Ying said: "No. They believed I could accomplish this task, so they died before me; If now I do not repay them, it would mean that my mission was a failure." He then committed suicide. Zhao Wu observed the mourning rites for three years in accordance with the Qi Cui system, established a fiefdom for their memorial services, and paid homage to them during spring and autumn, continuing this practice through generations without interruption.
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| | 趙世家: |
趙氏復位十一年，而晉厲公殺其大夫三郤。欒書畏及，乃遂弒其君厲公，更立襄公曾孫周，是為悼公。晉由此大夫稍彊。 |
| | Eleven years after the Zhao clan regained their position, Duke Li of Jin killed his three ministers surnamed Xi. Luan Shu feared being implicated, so he proceeded to assassinate his ruler Duke Li and replaced him with the great-grandson of Duke Xiang named Zhou, who became known as Duke Dao. From this point on, Jin's ministers gradually grew stronger.
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| | 趙世家: |
趙武續趙宗二十七年，晉平公立。平公十二年，而趙武為正卿。十三年，吳延陵季子使於晉，曰：「晉國之政卒歸於趙武子、韓宣子、魏獻子之後矣。」趙武死，謚為文子。 |
| | Zhao Wu continued the Zhao lineage for twenty-seven years when Duke Ping of Jin ascended to power. In the twelfth year of Duke Ping's reign, Zhao Wu became the chief minister. In the thirteenth year, Wu Yanling Jizi was sent as an envoy to Jin and said: "The governance of the Jin state will ultimately return to the descendants of Zhao Wuzi, Han Xuanzi, and Wei Xianzi." Zhao Wu died and was posthumously honored with the title "Wenzi."
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| | 趙世家: |
文子生景叔。景叔之時，齊景公使晏嬰於晉，晏嬰與晉叔向語。嬰曰：「齊之政後卒歸田氏。」叔向亦曰：「晉國之政將歸六卿。六卿侈矣，而吾君不能恤也。」 |
| | Wenzi gave birth to Jing Shu. During the time of Jing Shu, Duke Jing of Qi sent Yan Ying as an envoy to Jin, and Yan Ying conversed with Jin's Shuxiang. Yan Ying said: "The governance of Qi will ultimately return to the Tian clan." Shuxiang also said: "The governance of Jin state will be transferred to the six high ministers. These six ministers have become excessively powerful, yet our ruler is unable to care for this matter."
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| | 趙世家: |
趙景叔卒，生趙鞅，是為簡子。 |
| | Jing Shu died and gave birth to Zhao Yang, who was known as Jianzi.
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| | 趙世家: |
趙簡子在位，晉頃公之九年，簡子將合諸侯戍于周。其明年，入周敬王于周，辟弟子朝之故也。 |
| | Zhao Jianzi was in power when, in the ninth year of Duke Qing's reign over Jin, Jianzi planned to unite the feudal lords and station troops at Zhou. The following year, he escorted King Jing of Zhou back into Zhou territory, in order to clear the way for his disciples and ministers to pay homage.
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| | 趙世家: |
晉頃公之十二年，六卿以法誅公族祁氏、羊舌氏，分其邑為十縣，六卿各令其族為之大夫。晉公室由此益弱。 |
| | In the twelfth year of Duke Qing's reign in Jin, the six high ministers used legal authority to execute members of the royal clan surnamed Qi and Yangshe. They divided their fiefs into ten counties, assigning each county to a member of one of the six families as its magisterial official. From this point on, the Jin royal house became even weaker.
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| | 趙世家: |
後十三年，魯賊臣陽虎來奔，趙簡子受賂，厚遇之。 |
| | Thirteen years later, Lu's traitorous minister Yang Hu fled to Jin; Zhao Jianzi accepted bribes and treated him generously.
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| | 趙世家: |
趙簡子疾，五日不知人，大夫皆懼。醫扁鵲視之，出，董安于問。扁鵲曰：「血脈治也，而何怪！在昔秦繆公嘗如此，七日而寤。寤之日，告公孫支與子輿曰：『我之帝所甚樂。吾所以久者，適有學也。帝告我：「晉國將大亂，五世不安；其後將霸，未老而死；霸者之子且令而國男女無別。」』公孫支書而藏之，秦讖於是出矣。獻公之亂，文公之霸，而襄公敗秦師於殽而歸縱淫，此子之所聞。今主君之疾與之同，不出三日疾必閒，閒必有言也。」 |
| | Zhao Jianzi fell ill and remained unconscious for five days, causing all the ministers great alarm. The physician Bian Que examined him; after leaving, Dong Anyu asked about his condition. Bian Que said: "His blood and meridians are in order—why be surprised! In the past, Duke Mu of Qin once experienced this as well; he awoke after seven days. On the day he regained consciousness, he told Gongsun Zhi and Zi Yu: "I had a very pleasant time at the abode of the Emperor. The reason I stayed so long was that I just happened to be studying something. The Emperor told me: "Jin state will fall into great chaos, and for five generations there will be no peace; after that, it will become dominant, but the ruler will die before old age; the son of the hegemon will rule your state and cause no distinction between men and women." Gongsun Zhi recorded it and kept it hidden; thus, this prophecy of Qin became known. The chaos under Duke Xian, the hegemony under Duke Wen, and Duke Xiang's defeat of the Qin army at Xiao but then returning to indulge in licentiousness—these are what this son heard. Now, Your Lord's illness is the same as that case; within three days, he will surely recover, and upon recovery, he will certainly speak."
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| | 趙世家: |
居二日半，簡子寤。語大夫曰：「我之帝所甚樂，與百神游於鈞天，廣樂九奏萬舞，不類三代之樂，其聲動人心。有一熊欲來援我，帝命我射之，中熊，熊死。又有一羆來，我又射之，中羆，羆死。帝甚喜，賜我二笥，皆有副。吾見兒在帝側，帝屬我一翟犬，曰：『及而子之壯也，以賜之。』帝告我：『晉國且世衰，七世而亡，嬴姓將大敗周人於范魁之西，而亦不能有也。今余思虞舜之勳，適余將以其胄女孟姚配而七世之孫。』」董安于受言而書藏之。以扁鵲言告簡子，簡子賜扁鵲田四萬畝。 |
| | After two and a half days, Jianzi regained consciousness. He told the ministers: "I had great pleasure at the Emperor's abode, where I traveled with a hundred deities in Jun Tian. The grand music was played nine times and ten thousand dances performed; it did not resemble the music of the Three Dynasties, but its sound deeply moved people's hearts. A bear wanted to attack me, and the Emperor ordered me to shoot it; I hit the bear, which died. Then a she-bear came toward me as well, and I shot it again, hitting the she-bear, which also died. The Emperor was very pleased and gave me two bamboo baskets, each containing a set of items. I saw my son by the Emperor's side, and the Emperor gave me a Hu dog and said: "When your son grows up, give it to him." The Emperor told me: "Jin state will gradually decline and perish after seven generations. The Ying surname will suffer a great defeat against the Zhou people to the west of Fan Kui, but they will not be able to hold it either. Now I am thinking about the achievements of Yu Shun, and just now I will marry my daughter-in-law Mengyao, who is a descendant of Yu, to your seventh-generation grandson." Dong Anyu recorded the words and kept them hidden. He informed Zhao Jianzi of Bian Que's prophecy, and Jianzi rewarded Bian Que with 40,000 mu of farmland.
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| | 趙世家: |
他日，簡子出，有人當道，辟之不去，從者怒，將刃之。當道者曰：「吾欲有謁於主君。」從者以聞。簡子召之，曰：「譆，吾有所見子晣也。」當道者曰：「屏左右，願有謁。」簡子屏人。當道者曰：「主君之疾，臣在帝側。」簡子曰：「然，有之。子之見我，我何為？」當道者曰：「帝令主君射熊與羆，皆死。」簡子曰：「是，且何也？」當道者曰：「晉國且有大難，主君首之。帝令主君滅二卿，夫熊與羆皆其祖也。」簡子曰：「帝賜我二笥皆有副，何也？」當道者曰：「主君之子將克二國於翟，皆子姓也。」簡子曰：「吾見兒在帝側，帝屬我一翟犬，曰『及而子之長以賜之』。夫兒何謂以賜翟犬？」當道者曰：「兒，主君之子也。翟犬者，代之先也。主君之子且必有代。及主君之後嗣，且有革政而胡服，并二國於翟。」簡子問其姓而延之以官。當道者曰：「臣野人，致帝命耳。」遂不見。簡子書藏之府。 |
| | On another occasion, when Jianzi went out, a man stood in the road and refused to move; his attendants became angry and were about to stab him. The man blocking the way said: "I wish to make a request of your lord." His attendants reported this. Jianzi summoned him and said: "Ah, I have seen you in a vision." The man blocking the road said: "Remove your attendants; I wish to make my request." Jianzi dismissed his attendants. The man blocking the road said: "When Your Lord was ill, I was by the Emperor's side." Jianzi said: "Yes, that is true. Why have you appeared to me?" The man blocking the road said: "The Emperor ordered Your Lord to shoot a bear and a she-bear, both of which died." Jianzi asked: "That is true, but what does it mean?" The man blocking the road said: "Jin state will soon face a great calamity, and Your Lord will be at its forefront. The Emperor has ordered Your Lord to eliminate two of the high ministers; that bear and she-bear were their ancestors." Jianzi asked: "The Emperor gave me two baskets, each with a set of items—what is the meaning?" The man blocking the road said: "Your Lord's son will conquer two states from the Hu people, and both will bear your surname." Jianzi said: "I saw my son at the Emperor's side. The Emperor gave me a Hu dog, saying 'When your son grows up, bestow it upon him.'" "What does this mean—bestowing a Hu dog on my son?" The man blocking the road said: "That child is Your Lord's son. The Hu dog represents the ancestors of Dai." Your Lord's son will certainly have control over Dai. And in the descendants of Your Lord, there will be a reform involving Hu clothing and the unification of two states with the Hu people." Jianzi asked about his surname and offered him an official position. The man blocking the road said: "I am but a commoner; I have only delivered the Emperor's command." He then disappeared from sight. Jianzi recorded it and stored the document in his office.
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| | 趙世家: |
異日，姑布子卿見簡子，簡子遍召諸子相之。子卿曰：「無為將軍者。」簡子曰：「趙氏其滅乎？」子卿曰：「吾嘗見一子於路，殆君之子也。」簡子召子毋卹。毋卹至，則子卿起曰：「此真將軍矣！」簡子曰：「此其母賤，翟婢也，奚道貴哉？」子卿曰：「天所授，雖賤必貴。」自是之後，簡子盡召諸子與語，毋卹最賢。簡子乃告諸子曰：「吾藏寶符於常山上，先得者賞。」諸子馳之常山上，求，無所得。毋卹還，曰：「已得符矣。」簡子曰：「奏之。」毋卹曰：「從常山上臨代，代可取也。」簡子於是知毋卹果賢，乃廢太子伯魯，而以毋卹為太子。 |
| | On another day, Gubu Ziqing met with Jianzi, who summoned all his sons for him to examine them one by one. Ziqing said: "None of these are suitable as a general." Jianzi said, "Will the Zhao clan be destroyed?" Ziqing replied: "I once saw a young man on the road; he might be your son." Jianzi summoned his son Ziwuxu. When Wuxu arrived, Ziqing stood up and said: "This is the true general!" Jianzi said: "His mother is lowly; she was a Hu servant. How can he be noble?" Ziqing replied: "What heaven bestows, though born of humble origins, will surely become noble." From then on, Jianzi summoned all his sons and spoke with them; Wuxu was the most virtuous. Jianzi then told his sons: "I have hidden a precious token on Changshan Mountain; whoever finds it first will be rewarded." All the sons rushed to Changshan Mountain and searched, but found nothing. Wuxu returned and said: "I have already obtained the token." Jianzi said: "Show it to me." Wuxu replied: "From Changshan Mountain, we can overlook Dai; Dai is within our grasp." Jianzi thus realized that Wuxu was indeed virtuous, and so he deposed the crown prince Bo'lu and appointed Wuxu as the new crown prince.
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| | 趙世家: |
後二年，晉定公之十四年，范、中行作亂。明年春，簡子謂邯鄲大夫午曰：「歸我衛士五百家，吾將置之晉陽。」午許諾，歸而其父兄不聽，倍言。趙鞅捕午，囚之晉陽。乃告邯鄲人曰：「我私有誅午也，諸君欲誰立？」遂殺午。趙稷、涉賓以邯鄲反。晉君使籍秦圍邯鄲。荀寅、范吉射與午善，不肯助秦而謀作亂，董安于知之。十月，范、中行氏伐趙鞅，鞅奔晉陽，晉人圍之。范吉射、荀寅仇人魏襄等謀逐荀寅，以梁嬰父代之；逐吉射，以范皋繹代之。荀櫟言於晉侯曰：「君命大臣，始亂者死。今三臣始亂而獨逐鞅，用刑不均，請皆逐之。」十一月，荀櫟、韓不佞、魏哆奉公命以伐范、中行氏，不克。范、中行氏反伐公，公擊之，范、中行敗走。丁未，二子奔朝歌。韓、魏以趙氏為請。十二月辛未，趙鞅入絳，盟于公宮。其明年，知伯文子謂趙鞅曰：「范、中行雖信為亂，安于發之，是安于與謀也。晉國有法，始亂者死。夫二子已伏罪而安于獨在。」趙鞅患之。安于曰：「臣死，趙氏定，晉國寧，吾死晚矣。」遂自殺。趙氏以告知伯，然後趙氏寧。 |
| | Two years later, in the fourteenth year of King Ding of Jin's reign (), the Fan and Zhonghang clans rebelled. The following spring, Jianzi said to Han Dan Dafu Wu: "Return five hundred families of my guardsmen to me; I will station them in Jin Yang." Wu agreed, but upon returning, his father and elder brothers refused to listen and went back on their word. Zhao Ying captured Wu and imprisoned him in Jin Yang. He then told the people of Handan: "I have privately decided to execute Wu; whom would you all like to appoint instead?" And so he killed Wu. Zhao Ji and She Bin rebelled in Handan. The ruler of Jin sent Ji Qin to besiege Handan. Xun Yin and Fan Jieshe had been close friends with Wu, so they refused to assist Ji Qin and instead plotted rebellion; Dong Anyu learned of this. In the tenth month, the Fan and Zhonghang families attacked Zhao Ying, who fled to Jin Yang, where he was besieged by the people of Jin. Fan Jieshe and Xun Yin's enemies Wei Xiang et al plotted to drive out Xun Yin and replace him with Liang Yingfu; they drove out Jieshe and replaced him with Fan Gaoyi. Xun Li said to the ruler of Jin: "Your Majesty, when you command high officials, those who first instigate chaos should be put to death. Now three ministers were the initial instigators of rebellion but only Ying is being driven out; this application of punishment is unequal, I request that they all be expelled." In the eleventh month, Xun Li, Han Bining, and Wei Duo carried out the ruler's command to attack the Fan and Zhonghang factions, but failed. The Fan and Zhonghang forces rebelled against the ruler; the ruler attacked them, and the Fan and Zhonghang were defeated and fled. On the Dingwei day, the two sons fled to Chaoguo. Han and Wei requested on behalf of the Zhao clan. On the Xinwei day of the twelfth month, Zhao Ying entered Jiang and formed an alliance at the palace of the ruler. The following year, Zhi Bo Wensi said to Zhao Ying: "Although the Fan and Zhonghang indeed instigated rebellion, An Yu was the one who first incited it; this means that An Yu conspired with them. The state of Jin has laws: those who initially instigate chaos should be executed. Those two men have already confessed their crimes, yet An Yu alone remains." Zhao Ying was troubled by this. An Yu said: "If I die, the Zhao clan will be stabilized and Jin State will enjoy peace; my death would come at a good time." And so he committed suicide. The Zhao clan informed Zhi Bo of this, and only then did the Zhao clan find peace.
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| | 趙世家: |
孔子聞趙簡子不請晉君而執邯鄲午，保晉陽，故書春秋曰「趙鞅以晉陽畔」。趙簡子有臣曰周舍，好直諫。周舍死，簡子每聽朝，常不悅，大夫請罪。簡子曰：「大夫無罪。吾聞千羊之皮不如一狐之腋。諸大夫朝，徒聞唯唯，不聞周捨之鄂鄂，是以憂也。」簡子由此能附趙邑而懷晉人。 |
| | Confucius heard that Zhao Jianzi had seized Han Dan Wu without requesting permission from the ruler of Jin and took refuge in Jin Yang, so he recorded in Chunqiu: "Zhao Ying rebelled at Jin Yang." Zhao Jianzi had a minister named Zhou She, who was fond of giving direct advice. After Zhou She's death, whenever Jianzi held court, he often looked unhappy; the ministers asked for punishment upon themselves. Jianzi said: "The ministers have committed no crime. I heard that the hides of a thousand sheep are not as valuable as one fox's armpit [i.e., a rare and precious thing]. When the ministers come to court, I only hear them saying 'yes yes,' but not the bold remonstrations of Zhou She; that is why I am worried." From this, Jianzi was able to gain the loyalty of Zhao's territories and win over the people of Jin.
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| | 趙世家: |
晉定公十八年，趙簡子圍范、中行于朝歌，中行文子奔邯鄲。明年，衛靈公卒。簡子與陽虎送衛太子蒯聵于衛，衛不內，居戚。 |
| | In the eighteenth year of King Ding of Jin's reign, Zhao Jianzi besieged Fan and Zhonghang at Chaoguo; Zhonghang Wensi fled to Handan. The following year, Duke Ling of Wei died. Jianzi and Yang Hu sent the crown prince Kuaikei of Wei to Wei, but Wei did not accept him; he stayed in Qi instead.
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| | 趙世家: |
晉定公二十一年，簡子拔邯鄲，中行文子奔柏人。簡子又圍柏人，中行文子、范昭子遂奔齊。趙竟有邯鄲、柏人。范、中行餘邑入于晉。趙名晉卿，實專晉權，奉邑侔於諸侯。 |
| | In the twenty-first year of King Ding of Jin's rule, Jianzi captured Handan; Zhonghang Wensi fled and took refuge in Bai Ren. Jianzi again besieged Bai Ren, so Zhonghang Wensi and Fan Zhaozi fled to Qi. The Zhao clan finally gained control of Handan and Bai Ren. The remaining territories of the Fan and Zhonghang lineages were incorporated into Jin. Zhao was nominally a high minister of Jin, but in reality monopolized the power of Jin; his fiefs were equal to those of feudal lords.
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| | 趙世家: |
晉定公三十年，定公與吳王夫差爭長於黃池，趙簡子從晉定公，卒長吳。定公三十七年卒，而簡子除三年之喪，期而已。是歲，越王句踐滅吳。 |
| | In the thirtieth year of King Ding of Jin, King Ding competed with King Fuchai of Wu for supremacy at Huangchi; Zhao Jianzi followed King Ding and ultimately prevailed over Wu. King Ding died in his thirty-seventh year of reign, but Jianzi observed mourning for only one year instead of the customary three years. In this year, King Goujian of Yue destroyed Wu.
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| | 趙世家: |
晉出公十一年，知伯伐鄭。趙簡子疾，使太子毋卹將而圍鄭。知伯醉，以酒灌擊毋卹。毋卹群臣請死之。毋卹曰：「君所以置毋卹，為能忍。」然亦慍知伯。知伯歸，因謂簡子，使廢毋卹，簡子不聽。毋卹由此怨知伯。 |
| | In the eleventh year of King Chugong of Jin's reign, Zhi Bo launched a campaign against Zheng. Zhao Jianzi fell ill and sent his crown prince Wuxu to lead the forces in besieging Zheng. Zhi Bo, when drunk, poured wine on Wuxu and struck him with it. Wuxu's ministers requested to be executed for the offense. Wuxu said: "The reason my lord appointed me was because I am capable of restraint." Nevertheless, he was angry at Zhi Bo. After returning, Zhi Bo spoke to Jianzi and urged him to depose Wuxu; Jianzi did not listen. Wuxu thus harbored resentment toward Zhi Bo.
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| | 趙世家: |
晉出公十七年，簡子卒，太子毋卹代立，是為襄子。 |
| | In the seventeenth year of King Chugong's reign, Jianzi died and his crown prince Wuxu succeeded him; this was Xiangzi.
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| | 趙世家: |
趙襄子元年，越圍吳。襄子降喪食，使楚隆問吳王。 |
| | In the first year of Zhao Xiangzi's reign, Yue besieged Wu. Xiangzi reduced mourning rites and sent Chu Long to inquire after King Fuchai.
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| | 趙世家: |
襄子姊前為代王夫人。簡子既葬，未除服，北登夏屋，請代王。使廚人操銅枓以食代王及從者，行斟，陰令宰人各以枓擊殺代王及從官，遂興兵平代地。其姊聞之，泣而呼天，摩笄自殺。代人憐之，所死地名之為摩笄之山。遂以代封伯魯子周為代成君。伯魯者，襄子兄，故太子。太子蚤死，故封其子。 |
| | Xiangzi's sister had previously been the wife of the king of Dai. After Jianzi was buried, before mourning rites were lifted, Xiangzi ascended Xia Wu in the north and requested an audience with the king of Dai. He ordered the cooks to carry copper ladles and serve food to the king of Dai and his attendants. As they poured, he secretly instructed the cooks to use the ladles to kill the king of Dai and the officials accompanying him; thus, he launched a military campaign to pacify the territory of Dai. His sister heard about it, wept while crying out to heaven, and used a hairpin to commit suicide. The people of Dai pitied her; the place where she died was named Moji Mountain. He then granted the territory of Dai to Zhou, the son of Bo'lu, who became Daidj Chengjun. Bo'lu was Xiangzi's elder brother and thus had previously been crown prince. The crown prince died early, so his son was granted a fief.
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| | 趙世家: |
襄子立四年，知伯與趙、韓、魏盡分其范、中行故地。晉出公怒，告齊、魯，欲以伐四卿。四卿恐，遂共攻出公。出公奔齊，道死。知伯乃立昭公曾孫驕，是為晉懿公。知伯益驕。請地韓、魏，韓、魏與之。請地趙，趙不與，以其圍鄭之辱。知伯怒，遂率韓、魏攻趙。趙襄子懼，乃奔保晉陽。 |
| | In the fourth year of Xiangzi's reign, Zhi Bo and Zhao, Han, and Wei completely divided the former territories of Fan and Zhonghang. King Chugong of Jin was angry; he informed Qi and Lu and wanted to attack the four high ministers. The four high ministers were afraid, so they jointly attacked King Chugong. King Chugong fled to Qi but died along the way. Zhi Bo then installed Jiao, a great-grandson of King Zhao, as ruler; this was King Yi of Jin. Zhi Bo became even more arrogant. He requested territory from Han and Wei, who granted it to him. When he asked Zhao for land, Zhao refused because of the humiliation at Zheng. Zhi Bo was furious and led Han and Wei to attack Zhao. Zhao Xiangzi, fearing for his safety, fled and took refuge in Jin Yang.
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| | 趙世家: |
原過從，後，至於王澤，見三人，自帶以上可見，自帶以下不可見。與原過竹二節，莫通。曰：「為我以是遺趙毋卹。」原過既至，以告襄子。襄子齊三日，親自剖竹，有朱書曰：「趙毋卹，余霍泰山山陽侯天使也。三月丙戌，余將使女反滅知氏。女亦立我百邑，余將賜女林胡之地。至于後世，且有伉王，赤黑，龍面而鳥噣，鬢麋髭髯，大膺大胸，修下而馮，左袵界乘，奄有河宗，至于休溷諸貉，南伐晉別，北滅黑姑。」襄子再拜，受三神之令。 |
| | Yuan Guo followed him but arrived later at Wangze, where he saw three men; their appearances above the waist were visible, but below the waist was not. They gave Yuan Guo two sections of bamboo, which did not connect. They said: "Give this to Zhao Wuxu on my behalf." After Yuan Guo arrived, he informed Xiangzi of the encounter. Xiangzi observed a three-day fast, then personally split open the bamboo, finding red script inside that read: "Zhao Wuxu, I am the divine messenger of Huo Taishan Shanyang Hou." "On the Bingxu day of the third month (April 13, 455 BC), I will send you to destroy the Zhi clan." "You shall also establish a hundred fiefdoms for me, and I shall grant you the land of Linhu as a reward." "In later generations, there will be a mighty king with red and black features, a dragon-like face and bird-like beak, long eyebrows, mustache, and beard, broad chest and large belly, long legs and a hunched posture, wearing left-side robes and riding in a chariot. He shall dominate the River Zong region, reaching as far as Xiuhun Zhuhuo to the south and conquering Jinbie, and eradicating Hegu to the north." Xiangzi bowed twice in reverence, accepting the command of the three deities.
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| | 趙世家: |
三國攻晉陽，歲餘，引汾水灌其城，城不浸者三版。城中懸釜而炊，易子而食。群臣皆有外心，禮益慢，唯高共不敢失禮。襄子懼，乃夜使相張孟同私於韓、魏。韓、魏與合謀，以三月丙戌，三國反滅知氏，共分其地。於是襄子行賞，高共為上。張孟同曰：「晉陽之難，唯共無功。」襄子曰：「方晉陽急，群臣皆懈，惟共不敢失人臣禮，是以先之。」於是趙北有代，南并知氏，彊於韓、魏。遂祠三神於百邑，使原過主霍泰山祠祀。 |
| | The three states attacked Jin Yang for over a year and diverted the Fen River to flood the city; however, only three planks of the city wall remained unsubmerged. Inside the city, people hung pots from the ceiling to cook and exchanged children for food. All the officials began to lose loyalty, their manners grew increasingly disrespectful; only Gao Gong dared not neglect proper etiquette. Xiangzi was frightened and so sent Zhang Mengtong, his minister, secretly to Han and Wei at night. Han and Wei conspired with him; on the Bingxu day of March (April 13, 245 BC), the three states turned against and destroyed the Zhi clan, jointly dividing their territory. At this time, Xiangzi distributed rewards, with Gao Gong being given the highest honor. Zhang Mengtong said: "During the crisis at Jin Yang, only Gao Gong had no merit." Xiangzi said: "When Jin Yang was in dire straits, all the officials were lax, but only Gao Gong did not lose his demeanor as a loyal minister; therefore, he is given precedence." At this time, Zhao controlled the northern region of Dai and annexed the southern territories of Zhi Shi, becoming stronger than Han and Wei. Thus, they established altars to worship the three deities in a hundred fiefdoms, appointing Yuan Guo as the chief priest of the Huo Taishan shrine.
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| | 趙世家: |
其後娶空同氏，生五子。襄子為伯魯之不立也，不肯立子，且必欲傳位與伯魯子代成君。成君先死，乃取代成君子浣立為太子。襄子立三十三年卒，浣立，是為獻侯。 |
| | Later, he married a woman from the Kondong clan and had five sons. Because Xiangzi was dissatisfied with Bo Lu's failure to be appointed as heir, he refused to name any of his own sons as successor and insisted on passing the throne to Dai Chengjun, the son of Bo Lu. When Dai Chengjun died before this could happen, Xiangzi instead replaced him with his grandson Huan, making Huan crown prince. Xiangzi reigned for thirty-three years before dying; Huan succeeded him and was known as King Xianhou.
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| | 趙世家: |
獻侯少即位，治中牟。 |
| | King Xianhou ascended the throne at a young age and governed Zhongmou.
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| | 趙世家: |
襄子弟桓子逐獻侯，自立於代，一年卒。國人曰桓子立非襄子意，乃共殺其子而復迎立獻侯。 |
| | A younger brother of Xiangzi, Huanzi, expelled King Xianhou and declared himself ruler in Dai, but he died after one year. The people of the state said that Huanzi's ascension was not in accordance with Xiangzi's wishes, so they jointly killed his son and once again welcomed King Xianhou back to the throne.
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| | 趙世家: |
十年，中山武公初立。十三年，城平邑。十五年，獻侯卒，子烈侯籍立。 |
| | In the tenth year, Wu Gong of Zhongshan first ascended the throne. In the thirteenth year, they built a city at Pingyi. In the fifteenth year, King Xianhou died and his son Jie, known as King Liehou, ascended the throne.
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| | 趙世家: |
烈侯元年，魏文侯伐中山，使太子擊守之。六年，魏、韓、趙皆相立為諸侯，追尊獻子為獻侯。 |
| | In the first year of King Liehou's reign, King Wenhou of Wei attacked Zhongshan and ordered his crown prince Ji to defend it. In the sixth year, Wei, Han, and Zhao all declared themselves feudal lords, posthumously honoring Xianzi as King Xianhou.
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| | 趙世家: |
烈侯好音，謂相國公仲連曰：「寡人有愛，可以貴之乎？」公仲曰：「富之可，貴之則否。」烈侯曰：「然。夫鄭歌者槍、石二人，吾賜之田，人萬畝。」公仲曰：「諾。」不與。居一月，烈侯從代來，問歌者田。公仲曰：「求，未有可者。」有頃，烈侯復問。公仲終不與，乃稱疾不朝。番吾君自代來，謂公仲曰：「君實好善，而未知所持。今公仲相趙，於今四年，亦有進士乎？」公仲曰：「未也。」番吾君曰：「牛畜、荀欣、徐越皆可。」公仲乃進三人。及朝，烈侯復問：「歌者田何如？」公仲曰：「方使擇其善者。」牛畜侍烈侯以仁義，約以王道，烈侯逌然。明日，荀欣侍，以選練舉賢，任官使能。明日，徐越侍，以節財儉用，察度功德。所與無不充，君說。烈侯使使謂相國曰：「歌者之田且止。」官牛畜為師，荀欣為中尉，徐越為內史，賜相國衣二襲。 |
| | King Liehou loved music and asked his prime minister Gong Zhonglian, "I have a favorite musician; may I bestow noble status upon him?" Gong Zhonglian replied: "You can make him wealthy, but you should not grant him nobility." King Liehou said: "Indeed." "The two singers from Zheng, Qiang and Shi, I have granted each of them ten thousand mu of farmland." Gong Zhonglian said: "Yes, as you wish." He did not give it. After a month, King Liehou returned from Dai and inquired about the farmland for the singers. Gong Zhonglian said: "It has been requested, but no suitable land is available yet." After a while, King Liehou asked again. Gong Zhonglian still refused to grant it and finally claimed illness as an excuse not to attend court. Fanwu Jun came from Dai and said to Gong Zhonglian: "You truly value virtue, but you do not yet know how to uphold it. Now that you are prime minister of Zhao and have held the position for four years, have you recommended any virtuous men?" Gong Zhonglian replied: "Not yet." Fanwu Jun said: "Niuxu, Xun Xin, and Xu Yue are all suitable candidates." Gong Zhonglian then recommended the three men. When court was convened, King Liehou again asked: "What about the farmland for the musicians?" Gong Zhonglian replied: "We are currently selecting the most suitable land." Niuxu advised King Liehou on benevolence and righteousness, urging him to follow the Way of Kingship; King Liehou was pleased. The next day, Xun Xin served as an advisor and emphasized selecting and promoting virtuous individuals, appointing officials based on their abilities. The following day, Xu Yue advised on conserving resources and using them frugally, while carefully evaluating virtue and merit. Everything they were given was fully provided; the king was delighted. King Liehou sent a messenger to tell the prime minister: "The farmland for the musicians will be stopped." He appointed Niuxu as Teacher, Xun Xin as Commander of the Center, and Xu Yue as Minister of the Interior, bestowing two sets of ceremonial robes upon the prime minister.
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| | 趙世家: |
九年，烈侯卒，弟武公立。武公十三年卒，趙復立烈侯太子章，是為敬侯。是歲，魏文侯卒。 |
| | In the ninth year, King Liehou died, and his younger brother Wu Gong ascended the throne. King Wu Gong died in the thirteenth year of his reign; Zhao reinstated King Liehou's crown prince Zhang, who became known as King Jinghou. In this year, King Wenhou of Wei died.
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| | 趙世家: |
敬侯元年，武公子朝作亂，不克，出奔魏。趙始都邯鄲。 |
| | In the first year of King Jinghou's reign, Wu Gong's son Zhao Chao rebelled but failed and fled to Wei. Zhao began its capital in Handan.
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| | 趙世家: |
二年，敗齊于靈丘。三年，救魏于廩丘，大敗齊人。四年，魏敗我兔臺。筑剛平以侵衛。五年，齊、魏為衛攻趙，取我剛平。六年，借兵於楚伐魏，取棘蒲。八年，拔魏黃城。九年，伐齊。齊伐燕，趙救燕。十年，與中山戰于房子。 |
| | In the second year, Zhao defeated Qi at Lingqiu. In the third year, they rescued Wei at Linqiu and decisively defeated the forces of Qi. In the fourth year, Wei defeated Zhao's forces at Tuitai. They built Gangping to encroach upon Wei. In the fifth year, Qi and Wei attacked Zhao on behalf of Wei and captured our city of Gangping. In the sixth year, they borrowed troops from Chu to attack Wei and captured Jipu. In the eighth year, Zhao captured Huangcheng of Wei. In the ninth year, Zhao launched an attack on Qi. Qi attacked Yan, and Zhao came to Yan's rescue. In the tenth year, they fought against Zhongshan at Fangzi.
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| | 趙世家: |
十一年，魏、韓、趙共滅晉，分其地。伐中山，又戰於中人。十二年，敬侯卒，子成侯種立。 |
| | In the eleventh year, Wei, Han and Zhao jointly destroyed Jin and divided its territory. They attacked Zhongshan again and fought a battle at Zhongren. In the twelfth year, King Jinghou died; his son Cheng Hou Zhong ascended the throne.
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| | 趙世家: |
成侯元年，公子勝與成侯爭立，為亂。二年六月，雨雪。三年，太戊午為相。伐衛，取鄉邑七十三。魏敗我藺。四年，與秦戰高安，敗之。五年，伐齊于鄄。魏敗我懷。攻鄭，敗之，以與韓，韓與我長子。六年，中山筑長城。伐魏，敗湪澤，圍魏惠王。七年，侵齊，至長城。與韓攻周。八年，與韓分周以為兩。九年，與齊戰阿下。十年，攻衛，取甄。十一年，秦攻魏，趙救之石阿。十二年，秦攻魏少梁，趙救之。十三年，秦獻公使庶長國伐魏少梁，虜其太子、痤。魏敗我澮，取皮牢。成侯與韓昭侯遇上黨。十四年，與韓攻秦。十五年，助魏攻齊。 |
| | In the first year of Cheng Hou's reign, Gongzi Sheng contested with him for the throne and caused unrest. In June of the second year, it snowed. In the third year, Tai Wuwu became prime minister. Zhao attacked Wei and captured seventy-three towns and villages. Wei defeated our forces at Lin. In the fourth year, Zhao fought against Qin at Gao'an and defeated them. In the fifth year, Zhao attacked Qi at Juan. Wei defeated our forces in Huai. Zhao attacked Zheng, defeated them, and gave the territory to Han; in return, Han ceded Changzi to Zhao. In the sixth year, Zhongshan built a long wall (Great Wall). Zhao attacked Wei, defeated them at Zouze, and besieged King Huai of Wei. In the seventh year, Zhao invaded Qi, reaching its Great Wall. Zhao and Han jointly attacked Zhou. In the eighth year, Zhao and Han divided the state of Zhou into two parts. In the ninth year, they fought Qi at Xiaa. In the tenth year, Zhao attacked Wei and captured Juan. In the eleventh year, Qin attacked Wei; Zhao came to their aid at Shi'a. In the twelfth year, Qin attacked Shaoliang of Wei, and Zhao sent troops to rescue them. In the thirteenth year (503 BC), King Xian of Qin dispatched Shuzhang Guo to attack Shaoliang in Wei, capturing their crown prince and Cuo. Wei defeated our forces at Dui and captured Pilao. Cheng Hou met with King Zhao of Han in Shangdang. In the fourteenth year, Zhao and Han jointly attacked Qin. In the fifteenth year, Zhao assisted Wei in attacking Qi.
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| | 趙世家: |
十六年，與韓、魏分晉，封晉君以端氏。 |
| | In the sixteenth year (453 BC), Zhao, together with Han and Wei, divided Jin, and granted the former ruler of Jin a fief at Duanshi.
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| | 趙世家: |
十七年，成侯與魏惠王遇葛孽。十九年，與齊、宋會平陸，與燕會阿。二十年，魏獻榮椽，因以為檀臺。二十一年，魏圍我邯鄲。二十二年，魏惠王拔我邯鄲，齊亦敗魏於桂陵。二十四年，魏歸我邯鄲，與魏盟漳水上。秦攻我藺。二十五年，成侯卒。公子紲太子肅侯爭立，紲敗亡奔韓。 |
| | In the seventeenth year (452 BC), Cheng Hou met King Hui of Wei at Genie. In the nineteenth year, Zhao convened with Qi and Song in Pinglu, and with Yan in Xiaa. In the twentieth year (439 BC), Wei presented Rongchuan to Zhao, which was then renamed Tantai. In the twenty-first year, Wei besieged Handan of our state. In the twenty-second year (427 BC), King Hui of Wei captured our Handan, but Qi also defeated Wei at Guiling. In the twenty-fourth year (425 BC), Wei returned Handan to us, and we concluded an alliance with Wei on the Zhangshui River. Qin attacked Lin of our state. In the twenty-fifth year (424 BC), Cheng Hou died. Prince Zhi and Crown Prince Su HOU vied for succession; Zhi was defeated, fled, and took refuge in Han.
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| | 趙世家: |
肅侯元年，奪晉君端氏，徙處屯留。二年，與魏惠王遇於陰晉。三年，公子范襲邯鄲，不勝而死。四年，朝天子。六年，攻齊，拔高唐。七年，公子刻攻魏首垣。十一年，秦孝公使商君伐魏，虜其將公子卬。趙伐魏。十二年，秦孝公卒，商君死。十五年，起壽陵。魏惠王卒。 |
| | In the first year of Su Hou's reign (423 BC), he seized Duanshi from the former ruler of Jin and moved him to Chuntuoliu. In the second year, Su Hou met King Hui of Wei in Yinjin. In the third year (421 BC), Gongzi Fan launched an attack on Handan but was defeated and died. In the fourth year, he paid homage to the Son of Heaven. In the sixth year (419 BC), Zhao attacked Qi and captured Gaotang. In the seventh year, Gongzi Ke attacked Shouyuan in Wei. In the eleventh year (354 BC), King Xiao of Qin sent Shang Jun to attack Wei, capturing their general Gongzi Ang. Zhao attacked Wei. In the twelfth year (351 BC), King Xiao of Qin died, and Shang Jun also passed away. In the fifteenth year (348 BC), construction of Shouling began. King Hui of Wei died.
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| | 趙世家: |
十六年，肅侯游大陵，出於鹿門，大戊午扣馬曰：「耕事方急，一日不作，百日不食。」肅侯下車謝。 |
| | In the sixteenth year, Su Hou toured Daling and passed through Lumen. Da Wuwu held his horse's reins and said: "The farming season is urgent; one day of inaction will lead to a hundred days without food." Su Hou dismounted from his carriage and apologized.
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| | 趙世家: |
十七年，圍魏黃，不克。筑長城。 |
| | In the seventeenth year, Zhao besieged Huang in Wei but failed to capture it. They built a Great Wall.
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| | 趙世家: |
十八年，齊、魏伐我，我決河水灌之，兵去。二十二年，張儀相秦。趙疵與秦戰，敗，秦殺疵河西，取我藺、離石。二十三年，韓舉與齊、魏戰，死于桑丘。 |
| | In the eighteenth year, Qi and Wei attacked us; we breached the Yellow River to flood them, forcing their troops to withdraw. In the twenty-second year, Zhang Yi became prime minister of Qin. Zhao Ci fought against Qin and was defeated; Qin killed Ci in the western river region, capturing our Lin and Shishi. In the twenty-third year (329 BC), Han Ju fought against Qi and Wei and died in Sangqiu.
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| | 趙世家: |
二十四年，肅侯卒。秦、楚、燕、齊、魏出銳師各萬人來會葬。子武靈王立。 |
| | In the twenty-fourth year, Su Hou died. Qin, Chu, Yan, Qi, and Wei each sent 10,000 elite troops to attend the funeral. His son, King Wulingwang, ascended the throne.
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| | 趙世家: |
武靈王元年，陽文君趙豹相。梁襄王與太子嗣，韓宣王與太子倉來朝信宮。武靈王少，未能聽政，博聞師三人，左右司過三人。及聽政，先問先王貴臣肥義，加其秩；國三老年八十，月致其禮。 |
| | In the first year of King Wulingwang's reign (325 BC), Yang Wenjun Zhao Bao became prime minister. King Xiang of Liang, along with Crown Prince Si, and King Xuan of Han, together with Crown Prince Cang, came to pay homage at Xingong. King Wulingwang was young and unable to govern; he employed three learned teachers for broad knowledge and three attendants on either side to oversee his conduct. When he assumed power, he first inquired about the esteemed ministers of previous kings, particularly Fei Yi, and elevated their ranks; The three senior statesmen, who were eighty years old, received monthly tribute as a sign of respect.
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| | 趙世家: |
三年，城鄗。四年，與韓會于區鼠。五年，娶韓女為夫人。 |
| | In the third year (323 BC), they built a city wall around Hao. In the fourth year, Zhao met with Han at Qushu. In the fifth year (321 BC), he married a daughter of Han and made her his Lady.
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| | 趙世家: |
八年，韓擊秦，不勝而去。五國相王，趙獨否，曰：「無其實，敢處其名乎！」令國人謂已曰「君」。 |
| | In the eighth year, Han attacked Qin but failed to win and withdrew. The Five States conferred royal titles upon themselves, but Zhao alone refused, saying: "Without the reality of a king's virtue and power, how dare we bear such a title!" He ordered his people to refer to him as "Jun."
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| | 趙世家: |
九年，與韓、魏共擊秦，秦敗我，斬首八萬級。齊敗我觀澤。十年，秦取我中都及西陽。齊破燕。燕相子之為君，君反為臣。十一年，王召公子職於韓，立以為燕王，使樂池送之。十三年，秦拔我藺，虜將軍趙莊。楚、魏王來，過邯鄲。十四年，趙何攻魏。 |
| | In the ninth year (319 BC), Zhao, along with Han and Wei, jointly attacked Qin; however, Qin defeated us, slaying 80,000 of our troops. Qi defeated us at Guanzhe. In the tenth year (318 BC), Qin captured Zhongdu and Xiyang from our state. Qi defeated Yan. Yan's prime minister Zi Zhi became its ruler, while the former king was reduced to a subject. In the eleventh year (317 BC), the King summoned Gongzi Zhi from Han, installed him as King of Yan, and sent Yue Chi to escort him. In the thirteenth year, Qin captured our Lin and took General Zhao Zhuang prisoner. Kings of Chu and Wei visited and passed through Handan. In the fourteenth year (315 BC), Zhao He attacked Wei.
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| | 趙世家: |
十六年，秦惠王卒。王遊大陵。他日，王夢見處女鼓琴而歌詩曰：「美人熒熒兮，顏若苕之榮。命乎命乎，曾無我嬴！」異日，王飲酒樂，數言所夢，想見其狀。吳廣聞之，因夫人而內其女娃嬴。孟姚也。孟姚甚有寵於王，是為惠后。 |
| | In the sixteenth year, King Hui of Qin died. The king toured Daling. On another day, the king dreamed of a maiden playing the zither and singing a poem: "The fair lady shines brightly; her face is as radiant as the hibiscus in bloom." "Fate, O fate! Why have you forsaken me, Ying!" On another occasion, while drinking and in high spirits, the king mentioned his dream several times, longing to see its image. Wu Guang heard of this and, through the queen, introduced his daughter Wa Ying into the palace. Her name was Mengyao. Mengyao became greatly favored by the king and was later known as Huiguo.
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| | 趙世家: |
十七年，王出九門，為野臺，以望齊、中山之境。 |
| | In the seventeenth year (314 BC), the king went out through Jiumen and built a viewing platform in the wilds to observe the territories of Qi and Zhongshan.
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| | 趙世家: |
十八年，秦武王與孟說舉龍文赤鼎，絕臏而死。趙王使代相趙固迎公子稷於燕，送歸，立為秦王，是為昭王。 |
| | In the eighteenth year (307 BC), King Wu of Qin, together with Meng Yue, attempted to lift the Longwen Red Tripod; he broke his knee and died. King Zhao of Zhao sent Dai Xiang Zhao Gu to welcome Gongzi Ji from Yan, escorted him back, and he was installed as King of Qin; this was King Zhao.
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| | 趙世家: |
十九年春正月，大朝信宮。召肥義與議天下，五日而畢。王北略中山之地，至於房子，遂之代，北至無窮，西至河，登黃華之上。召樓緩謀曰：「我先王因世之變，以長南藩之地，屬阻漳、滏之險，立長城，又取藺、郭狼，敗林人於荏，而功未遂。今中山在我腹心，北有燕，東有胡，西有林胡、樓煩、秦、韓之邊，而無彊兵之救，是亡社稷，柰何？夫有高世之名，必有遺俗之累。吾欲胡服。」樓緩曰：「善。」群臣皆不欲。 |
| | In the first month of spring in the nineteenth year (306 BC), a grand court assembly was held at Xingong. Fei Yi was summoned to discuss affairs of the world; their deliberations lasted five days and concluded. The king conducted a northern campaign to conquer the territory of Zhongshan, reaching as far as Fangzi. He then proceeded to Dai, going northward to Wufeng and westward to the Yellow River, ascending Mount Huanghua. Zhao Lou Huan was summoned and advised, saying: "My ancestors took advantage of the changes in their time to extend our southern frontier. They relied on the natural barriers of the Zhang and Fu rivers, built a Great Wall, captured Lin and Guolang, defeated the people of Lin at Ren, yet their achievements were not fully realized. "Now Zhongshan lies at our very heartland. To the north is Yan, to the east are the Hu tribes, and to the west lie Linhu, Loufan, Qin, and Han's borders, yet we have no strong armies for defense. This will lead to the destruction of our state—how can this be tolerated?" "One who achieves a name surpassing the world must inevitably bear burdens from outdated customs." "I wish to adopt Hu-style clothing." Lou Huan said, "That is good." The ministers all opposed it.
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| | 趙世家: |
於是肥義侍，王曰：「簡、襄主之烈，計胡、翟之利。為人臣者，寵有孝弟長幼順明之節，通有補民益主之業，此兩者臣之分也。今吾欲繼襄主之跡，開於胡、翟之鄉，而卒世不見也。為敵弱，用力少而功多，可以毋盡百姓之勞，而序往古之勳。夫有高世之功者，負遺俗之累；有獨智之慮者，任驁民之怨。今吾將胡服騎射以教百姓，而世必議寡人，柰何？」肥義曰：「臣聞疑事無功，疑行無名。王既定負遺俗之慮，殆無顧天下之議矣。夫論至德者不和於俗，成大功者不謀於眾。昔者舜舞有苗，禹袒裸國，非以養欲而樂志也，務以論德而約功也。愚者闇成事，智者睹未形，則王何疑焉。」王曰：「吾不疑胡服也，吾恐天下笑我也。狂夫之樂，智者哀焉；愚者所笑，賢者察焉。世有順我者，胡服之功未可知也。雖驅世以笑我，胡地中山吾必有之。」於是遂胡服矣。 |
| | At this time, Fei Yi was in attendance; the king said: "We should emulate the achievements of Kings Jian and Xiang, calculating the benefits against the Hu and Di tribes. "As a subject, one should be honored for filial piety and respect for elders, demonstrating clear conduct in hierarchy; as an official, one must contribute to the people's welfare and benefit the ruler. These two are the duties of a minister." "Now I wish to follow in King Xiang's footsteps and expand our influence among the Hu and Di tribes, yet my efforts will remain unrecognized by future generations." "By confronting a weak enemy with minimal effort and achieving great success, we can avoid overburdening the people while establishing meritorious deeds comparable to those of ancient times." "He who achieves extraordinary feats must bear the burdens imposed by outdated customs; "Those with foresight and wisdom often face resentment from ignorant people." "Now I wish to teach the common people Hu-style cavalry archery, but surely the world will criticize me. What should I do?" Fei Yi said: "I have heard that indecision in matters leads to no achievement, and hesitation in action brings no renown. "Now that the king has resolved to bear the burden of defying outdated customs, he should not concern himself with the criticisms of the world." "He who discusses supreme virtue does not conform to vulgar norms; one who accomplishes great feats does not seek consensus from the masses. "In ancient times, Shun danced among the Youmiao people, and Yu went bare-chested to the Nanguo state. They did not do so for indulgence or pleasure, but to demonstrate virtue and achieve merit." "Fools are blind to completed affairs; the wise foresee what is yet unseen. Therefore, why should Your Majesty doubt?" The king said: "I do not doubt the Hu-style attire itself; I fear that the world will laugh at me. "The joy of a madman brings sorrow to the wise; "what fools laugh at, the virtuous understand." "If there are those in this world who follow me, the achievements of adopting Hu-style attire may yet be seen." "Even if the whole world mocks me for it, I will surely possess Zhongshan in the Hu lands." Thus he adopted the Hu-style attire.
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使王紲公子成曰：「寡人胡服，將以朝也，亦欲叔服之。家聽於親而國聽於君，古今之公行也。子不反親，臣不逆君，兄弟之通義也。今寡人作教易服而叔不服，吾恐天下議之也。制國有常，利民為本；從政有經，令行為上。明德先論於賤，而行政先信於貴。今胡服之意，非以養欲而樂志也；事有所止而功有所出，事成功立，然後善也。今寡人恐叔之逆從政之經，以輔叔之議。且寡人聞之，事利國者行無邪，因貴戚者名不累，故願慕公叔之義，以成胡服之功。使紲謁之叔，請服焉。」公子成再拜稽首曰：「臣固聞王之胡服也。臣不佞，寢疾，未能趨走以滋進也。王命之，臣敢對，因竭其愚忠。曰：臣聞中國者，蓋聰明徇智之所居也，萬物財用之所聚也，賢聖之所教也，仁義之所施也，詩書禮樂之所用也，異敏技能之所試也，遠方之所觀赴也，蠻夷之所義行也。今王捨此而襲遠方之服，變古之教，易古人道，逆人之心，而怫學者，離中國，故臣願王圖之也。」使者以報。王曰：「吾固聞叔之疾也，我將自往請之。」 |
| | He sent Wang Que, Prince Gongcheng, and said: "I have adopted Hu-style clothing to wear in court; I also wish for you, my uncle, to adopt it. "The family follows the parents, and the state follows its ruler—this is a common practice from ancient times to the present." "Children do not defy their parents, subjects do not oppose their sovereigns—this is the universal principle among brothers." "Now that I have issued an order to change our attire and you, my uncle, refuse to comply, I fear the world will criticize me for it." "Ruling a state follows fixed principles, with benefiting the people as its foundation; "governing has established norms, and leading by example is paramount." "Virtue must first be demonstrated to the lowly, while governance must first establish trust among the noble. "The intent behind adopting Hu-style clothing is not for indulgence or personal pleasure; "Actions must have limits and achievements must have sources. Only when actions are completed and accomplishments established can goodness be realized." "Now I fear that you, my uncle, may defy the principles of governance, thereby supporting those who oppose me." "Moreover, I have heard that actions beneficial to the state are free from wrongdoing, and those who act in accordance with noble relatives do not bring disgrace. Therefore, I wish to emulate your virtue, Uncle Gongshu, to accomplish the feat of adopting Hu-style attire." "He sent Wang Que to visit his uncle and requested that he adopt the clothing as well." Prince Gongcheng kowtowed twice and said: "I have long heard of Your Majesty's adoption of Hu-style attire. "I am not eloquent, and I have been ill in bed; I have not yet been able to move swiftly or make progress." "But since the king has given me an order, I dare to respond and thus offer my humble loyalty wholeheartedly." "I have heard that the Central Kingdoms are where the wise and intelligent dwell, where all things and resources gather, where sages teach, where benevolence and righteousness are practiced, where poetry, books, rites, and music are employed, where talents and skills are tested, where people from distant lands come to observe and emulate, and where even the southern and eastern barbarians follow virtuous conduct." "Now, Your Majesty abandons this and adopts the attire of distant lands, changes ancient teachings, alters the ways of our ancestors, goes against people's hearts, offends scholars, and distances ourselves from the Central Kingdoms. Therefore, I humbly request that Your Majesty consider this carefully." The envoy reported back on this. The king said: "I have indeed heard of my uncle's illness, and I shall personally go to visit him."
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王遂往之公子成家，因自請之，曰：「夫服者，所以便用也；禮者，所以便事也。聖人觀鄉而順宜，因事而制禮，所以利其民而厚其國也。夫翦發文身，錯臂左衽，甌越之民也。黑齒雕題，卻冠秫絀，大吳之國也。故禮服莫同，其便一也。鄉異而用變，事異而禮易。是以聖人果可以利其國，不一其用；果可以便其事，不同其禮。儒者一師而俗異，中國同禮而教離，況於山谷之便乎？故去就之變，智者不能一；遠近之服，賢聖不能同。窮鄉多異，曲學多辯。不知而不疑，異於己而不非者，公焉而眾求盡善也。今叔之所言者俗也，吾所言者所以制俗也。吾國東有河、薄洛之水，與齊、中山同之，無舟楫之用。自常山以至代、上黨，東有燕、東胡之境，而西有樓煩、秦、韓之邊，今無騎射之備。故寡人無舟楫之用，夾水居之民，將何以守河、薄洛之水；變服騎射，以備燕、三胡、秦、韓之邊。且昔者簡主不塞晉陽以及上黨，而襄主并戎取代以攘諸胡，此愚智所明也。先時中山負齊之彊兵，侵暴吾地，系累吾民，引水圍鄗，微社稷之神靈，則鄗幾於不守也。先王丑之，而怨未能報也。今騎射之備，近可以便上黨之形，而遠可以報中山之怨。而叔順中國之俗以逆簡、襄之意，惡變服之名以忘鄗事之丑，非寡人之所望也。」公字成再拜稽首曰：「臣愚，不達於王之義，敢道世俗之聞，臣之罪也。今王將繼簡、襄之意以順先王之志，臣敢不聽命乎！」再拜稽首。乃賜胡服。明日，服而朝。於是始出胡服令也。 |
| | The king then went in person to Prince Gongcheng's home and made a personal request, saying: "Clothing is meant for practical use; "Rites are established to facilitate affairs. "Sages observe the customs of a region and adapt accordingly, establish rites according to circumstances, in order to benefit their people and strengthen their state." "Those who cut their hair, tattoo their bodies, cross their arms awkwardly, and wear left-lap robes are the Ou Yue people. "They with blackened teeth, painted brows, backward caps, and narrow sashes belong to the great Wu state." "Therefore, although rites and attire differ, their purpose of convenience is one. "Customs vary with the region, so usage changes; affairs differ, so rites change accordingly." "Therefore, sages, if something can benefit their state, do not adhere rigidly to one form of usage; "if it truly facilitates affairs, they do not insist on uniform rites." "Even Confucian scholars follow one teacher yet face different customs; within the Central Kingdoms, though we share the same rites, teachings diverge. How much more so for the convenience of mountain and valley dwellers?" "Therefore, regarding changes in acceptance or rejection, even the wise cannot impose uniformity; "clothing for near and distant lands, not even sages can make them identical." "Remote villages have many differences; obscure schools of learning produce much debate. "To know nothing yet not doubt, to differ from oneself yet not criticize—this is impartiality and the way of seeking perfection through collective effort." "Now what you say refers to convention, while my words refer to how we should shape conventions. "Our state has the He and Boluo rivers in the east, shared with Qi and Zhongshan, yet we do not use boats or rafts. "From Changshan to Dai and Shangdang, the east borders Yan and Donghu territories while the west faces Loufan, Qin, and Han frontiers. Yet now we lack cavalry archery preparedness." "Therefore, lacking boats and rafts, how can the people living between these rivers defend the He and Boluo waters; "changing our attire to adopt cavalry archery will prepare us for the frontiers with Yan, Sanhu, Qin, and Han." "Moreover, in the past, Jianzhu did not block Jinyang and Shangdang; Xiangzhu united with Rong to take Dai and repel the Hu tribes—this is clear even to the wise and foolish alike." "In the past, Zhongshan took advantage of Qi's powerful army to invade our territory, oppress our people, and led water to besiege Hao. Were it not for the divine protection of our state, Hao would have nearly fallen." "Our late kings were shamed by this; their grudge remains unavenged." "Now, preparing for cavalry archery can in the short term adapt to the terrain of Shangdang and in the long term avenge our grudge against Zhongshan." "But you, my uncle, follow the customs of the Central Kingdoms to oppose the intentions of Jianzhu and Xiangzhu, despise the name of changing attire while forgetting the disgrace at Hao—this is not what I expect from you." Prince Gongcheng kowtowed again and said: "I am foolish, not understanding the king's meaning; I dared to speak of worldly opinions—this is my fault. "Now that Your Majesty will continue the intentions of Jianzhu and Xiange to follow the wishes of our late kings, how could I dare not obey your command!" He kowtowed twice again. The king then bestowed Hu-style clothing upon him. The next day, he wore the attire and attended court. Thus began the decree for adopting Hu-style clothing.
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趙文、趙造、周袑、趙俊皆諫止王毋胡服，如故法便。王曰：「先王不同俗，何古之法？帝王不相襲，何禮之循？虙戲、神農教而不誅，黃帝、堯、舜誅而不怒。及至三王，隨時制法，因事制禮。法度制令各順其宜，衣服器械各便其用。故禮也不必一道，而便國不必古。聖人之興也不相襲而王，夏、殷之衰也不易禮而滅。然則反古未可非，而循禮未足多也。且服奇者志淫，則是鄒、魯無奇行也；俗辟者民易，則是吳、越無秀士也。且聖人利身謂之服，便事謂之禮。夫進退之節，衣服之制者，所以齊常民也，非所以論賢者也。故齊民與俗流，賢者與變俱。故諺曰『以書御者不盡馬之情，以古制今者不達事之變』。循法之功，不足以高世；法古之學，不足以制今。子不及也。」遂胡服招騎射。 |
| | Zhao Wen, Zhao Zao, Zhou Su, and Zhao Jun all advised the king not to adopt Hu-style clothing but instead to follow traditional customs as before. The king said: "Our ancestors did not conform to common customs; what ancient laws should we follow? "Emperors and kings do not blindly imitate one another—what rites should we adhere to?" "Fuxi and Shennong taught without punishment, while Huangdi, Yao, and Shun punished without anger. "By the time of the Three Kings, they established laws according to their times and created rites in accordance with circumstances. "Laws, decrees, regulations, and commands were each adapted to suit the needs of their time; clothing, tools, and equipment were all designed for practical use. "Therefore, rites need not follow one single path, nor is it necessary to rely on antiquity for the benefit of the state." "Sages who rose to power did not blindly follow predecessors and thus became kings; the decline of Xia and Yin dynasties was not due to changes in rites, but their downfall came from other causes." "Therefore, going against antiquity is not necessarily wrong, and following old rites is not always commendable. "Moreover, those who wear eccentric clothing have corrupt minds—then surely Zou and Lu would lack extraordinary conduct; "if customs are narrow-minded, the people become simple-minded—then Fuyue must have no outstanding scholars. "Sages call clothing beneficial to one's body 'attire,' and rites that facilitate affairs are called 'rites.' "The rules of conduct, the regulations on clothing—these are meant to regulate ordinary people, not to judge the virtuous. "Therefore, common people follow customs, while the virtuous adapt with change." "Hence the proverb says: 'One who relies solely on books to control a horse does not understand its nature; one who applies ancient ways to modern times fails to grasp changing circumstances.'" "Merely following established laws is insufficient for surpassing the world; "Learning from antiquity alone cannot govern modern times." "You do not measure up to this." Thus, he adopted Hu-style attire and recruited cavalry archers.
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二十年，王略中山地，至寧葭；西略胡地，至榆中。林胡王獻馬。歸，使樓緩之秦，仇液之韓，王賁之楚，富丁之魏，趙爵之齊。代相趙固主胡，致其兵。 |
| | In the twentieth year, King Wuling expanded into Zhongshan territory, reaching Ningjia; "he also extended westward into Hu lands as far as Yuzhong." The king of Linhu offered horses. Upon returning, he sent Lou Huan to Qin, Chou Ye to Han, Wang Ben to Chu, Fu Ding to Wei, and Zhao Jue to Qi. Zhao Gu, the prime minister of Dai, led the Hu forces and brought their troops.
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二十一年，攻中山。趙袑為右軍，許鈞為左軍，公子章為中軍，王并將之。牛翦將車騎，趙希并將胡、代。趙與之陘，合軍曲陽，攻取丹丘、華陽、鴟之塞。王軍取鄗、石邑、封龍、東垣。中山獻四邑和，王許之，罷兵。二十三年，攻中山。二十五年，惠后卒。使周袑胡服傅王子何。二十六年，復攻中山，攘地北至燕、代，西至雲中、九原。 |
| | In the twenty-first year, he launched an attack on Zhongshan. Zhao Su commanded the right army, Xu Jun led the left army, and Prince Zhang took charge of the central forces, with the king commanding them all together. Niu Jian commanded the chariots and cavalry, while Zhao Xi jointly led the Hu and Dai troops. Zhao Yu's forces met at Xing, united their armies at Quyang, and captured the passes of Danqiu, Huayang, and Chi. The king's army captured Hao, Shi Yi, Fenglong, and Dongyuan. Zhongshan offered four towns in surrender; the king accepted their submission and withdrew his troops. In the twenty-third year, an attack was launched on Zhongshan. In the twenty-fifth year, Empress Hui passed away. He ordered Zhou Su to dress in Hu-style attire and tutor Crown Prince He. In the twenty-sixth year, another attack was launched on Zhongshan; territory was expanded northward to Yan and Dai, and westward to Yunzhong and Jiuyuan.
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二十七年五月戊申，大朝於東宮，傳國，立王子何以為王。王廟見禮畢，出臨朝。大夫悉為臣，肥義為相國，并傅王。是為惠文王。惠文王，惠后吳娃子也。武靈王自號為主父。 |
| | On the Wushen day of the fifth month in the twenty-seventh year, a grand court assembly was held at the Eastern Palace to transfer state power; Crown Prince He was enthroned as king. After completing the ancestral temple rites, the new king emerged to preside over court affairs. All the senior officials became his ministers; Fei Yi was appointed as Chancellor and also served as the prince's tutor. This was King Huwen. King Huwen was the son of Empress Hui, Wuwa. Wuling Wang styled himself as Zhufu.
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主父欲令子主治國，而身胡服將士大夫西北略胡地，而欲從雲中、九原直南襲秦，於是詐自為使者入秦。秦昭王不知，已而怪其狀甚偉，非人臣之度，使人逐之，而主父馳已脫關矣。審問之，乃主父也。秦人大驚。主父所以入秦者，欲自略地形，因觀秦王之為人也。 |
| | Zhufu wanted his son to govern the state while he himself, dressed in Hu-style attire, led generals and officials on a campaign northwestward to conquer Hu territory. He intended to march directly south from Yunzhong and Jiuyuan to attack Qin secretly; thus, he disguised himself as an envoy and entered Qin. King Zhao of Qin did not recognize him; later, he found his appearance extremely imposing and unlike that of a common minister. He sent men to pursue him, but Zhufu had already galloped away and escaped through the pass. Upon careful investigation, it was discovered that he was indeed Zhufu. The people of Qin were greatly astonished. Zhufu's reason for entering Qin was to personally survey the terrain and observe King Qin's character.
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惠文王二年，主父行新地，遂出代，西遇樓煩王於西河而致其兵。 |
| | In the second year of King Huwen, Zhufu toured the newly acquired territories and proceeded out of Dai. To the west, he met the Loufan king at Xhe and received his troops.
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三年，滅中山，遷其王於膚施。起靈壽，北地方從，代道大通。還歸，行賞，大赦，置酒酺五日，封長子章為代安陽君。章素侈，心不服其弟所立。主父又使田不禮相章也。 |
| | In the third year, Zhongshan was annihilated; its ruler was relocated to Fushe. Starting from Lingshou, the northern territory was brought under control, and the road through Dai became fully accessible. After returning, rewards were distributed, a general pardon was issued, and a five-day public drinking festival was held. The eldest son Zhang was enfeoffed as Duke Anyang of Dai. Zhang had always been extravagant and was inwardly dissatisfied with the fact that his younger brother had been enthroned. Zhufu also appointed Tian Buli as chancellor for Zhang.
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李兌謂肥義曰：「公子章彊壯而志驕，黨眾而欲大，殆有私乎？田不禮之為人也，忍殺而驕。二人相得，必有謀陰賊起，一出身徼幸。夫小人有欲，輕慮淺謀，徒見其利而不顧其害，同類相推，俱入禍門。以吾觀之，必不久矣。子任重而勢大，亂之所始，禍之所集也，子必先患。仁者愛萬物而智者備禍於未形，不仁不智，何以為國？子奚不稱疾毋出，傳政於公子成？毋為怨府，毋為禍梯。」肥義曰：「不可，昔者主父以王屬義也，曰：『毋變而度，毋異而慮，堅守一心，以歿而世。』義再拜受命而籍之。今畏不禮之難而忘吾籍，變孰大焉。進受嚴命，退而不全，負孰甚焉。變負之臣，不容於刑。諺曰『死者復生，生者不愧』。吾言已在前矣，吾欲全吾言，安得全吾身！且夫貞臣也難至而節見，忠臣也累至而行明。子則有賜而忠我矣，雖然，吾有語在前者也，終不敢失。」李兌曰：「諾，子勉之矣！吾見子已今年耳。」涕泣而出。李兌數見公子成，以備田不禮之事。 |
| | Li Dui said to Fei Yi, "Prince Zhang is strong and arrogant, has many followers, and harbors great ambitions. Does he not have ulterior motives?" "The character of Tian Buli is ruthless in killing and proud." The two men, if they work together, will surely plot secretly and commit treachery; one might even take reckless chances to seize power. When a petty person has desires, they think lightly and make shallow plans; they only see the benefits without considering the dangers. When people of similar character push each other forward, they all end up entering the gate of disaster together. In my view, this situation will not last long. You bear great responsibility and wield considerable power; you are the starting point of chaos and the gathering place for misfortune. You will surely be the first to suffer calamity. A benevolent person loves all things, while a wise person prepares for disaster before it takes shape. Without benevolence and wisdom, how can one govern a nation? Why don't you feign illness and stay indoors, transferring the administration to Gongzi Cheng? "Do not become a repository of resentment or a stepping-stone for disaster." Fei Yi said, "No, in the past, Zhufu entrusted me with the king and said: 'Do not alter your principles; do not deviate from your thoughts. Hold fast to a single mind until death.'" "I paid homage twice, accepted the command, and recorded it." lodash Now I fear the danger posed by Tian Buli and forget my oath; what greater betrayal could there be? To accept a solemn command when advancing, yet fail to fulfill it upon retreating—what greater guilt could there be? A minister who betrays and fails in his duty cannot escape punishment. The proverb says, "Even if the dead were to rise again, the living should feel no shame." My words have already been spoken; I wish to uphold my word. How can I then preserve my life? Moreover, the loyalty of a virtuous minister is tested in adversity and revealed through integrity; the devotion of a loyal minister becomes evident only after enduring many trials. "You have shown me kindness and loyalty, that is true; however, I still cannot forget my previous words or fail to uphold them." Li Dui said, "Very well. You must do your best!" "I shall see you again this year." He left weeping bitterly. Li Dui met with Gongzi Cheng several times to prepare for the matter involving Tian Buli.
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異日肥義謂信期曰：「公子與田不禮甚可憂也。其於義也聲善而實惡，此為人也不子不臣。吾聞之也，姦臣在朝，國之殘也；讒臣在中，主之蠹也。此人貪而欲大，內得主而外為暴。矯令為慢，以擅一旦之命，不難為也，禍且逮國。今吾憂之，夜而忘寐，饑而忘食。盜賊出入不可不備。自今以來，若有召王者必見吾面，我將先以身當之，無故而王乃入。」信期曰：「善哉，吾得聞此也！」 |
| | On another day, Fei Yi said to Xinxu: "The situation with Prince Zhang and Tian Buli is very worrying." "To me, they speak of virtue but act with evil; such people are neither filial sons nor loyal subjects." I have heard that a corrupt minister in court is a wound to the state; a slanderous minister within the palace is a pestilence to the ruler. This man is greedy and ambitious; he gains favor with the ruler internally but commits violence externally. He forges orders to act recklessly, seizing authority on a single day's whim; this is not difficult for him. Disaster will soon befall the state. Now I am deeply troubled by it, so much that I forget to sleep at night and forget to eat when hungry. Bandits entering and leaving cannot be ignored; we must remain prepared. "From now on, if anyone is to summon the king, they must first see me; I will stand before him and block the way. The king shall not enter unless there is a just cause." Xinxu said, "Excellent! I am glad to hear this!"
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四年，朝群臣，安陽君亦來朝。主父令王聽朝，而自從旁觀窺群臣宗室之禮。見其長子章傫然也，反北面為臣，詘於其弟，心憐之，於是乃欲分趙而王章於代，計未決而輟。 |
| | In the fourth year, a court audience was held with all ministers; Duke Anyang also came to pay homage. Zhufu ordered the king to preside over court proceedings while he himself observed from the side, watching the rituals of ministers and royal family members. Seeing his eldest son Zhang appear dejected, bowing northward as a minister and subordinated to his younger brother, Zhufu felt pity for him. Thus, he considered dividing the state of Zhao and making Zhang king in Dai; however, the plan was not finalized and was eventually abandoned.
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主父及王游沙丘，異宮，公子章即以其徒與田不禮作亂，詐以主父令召王。肥義先入，殺之。高信即與王戰。公子成與李兌自國至，乃起四邑之兵入距難，殺公子章及田不禮，滅其黨賊而定王室。公子成為相，號安平君，李兌為司寇。公子章之敗，往走主父，主主開之，成、兌因圍主父宮。公子章死，公子成、李兌謀曰：「以章故圍主父，即解兵，吾屬夷矣。」乃遂圍主父。令宮中人「後出者夷」，宮中人悉出。主父欲出不得，又不得食，探爵鷇而食之，三月餘而餓死沙丘宮。主父定死，乃發喪赴諸侯。 |
| | Zhufu and the king toured Shachu, staying in separate palaces. Gongzi Zhang then led his followers together with Tian Buli to stage a rebellion, falsely using Zhufu's orders to summon the king. Fei Yi entered first and was killed by them. Gao Xin immediately engaged in battle with the king. Gongzi Cheng and Li Dui arrived from the capital, raised troops from four towns, and marched in to resist the rebellion. They killed Gongzi Zhang and Tian Buli, eliminated their followers, and restored stability to the royal court. Gongzi Cheng was appointed as chancellor and titled Duke Anping; Li Dui became Minister of Justice. After Gongzi Zhang's defeat, he fled to Zhufu for refuge; Zhufu opened the gates to him. As a result, Gongzi Cheng and Li Dui besieged Zhufu's palace. After Gongzi Zhang died, Gongzi Cheng and Li Duyi plotted: "Because of Prince Zhang we besieged Zhufu; if we now lift the siege, our lives will be forfeit." They therefore continued to encircle Zhufu. They ordered the palace attendants, "Anyone who lingers behind will be executed," and all the palace staff fled. Zhufu wanted to leave but could not, and he was also denied food. He resorted to eating bird eggs and the flesh of young birds, eventually starving to death after more than three months in Shachu Palace. After Zhufu was confirmed dead, they announced his death and informed the feudal lords.
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是時王少，成、兌專政，畏誅，故圍主父。主父初以長子章為太子，後得吳娃，愛之，為不出者數歲，生子何，乃廢太子章而立何為王。吳娃死，愛弛，憐故太子，欲兩王之，猶豫未決，故亂起，以至父子俱死，為天下笑，豈不痛乎！ |
| | At that time, the king was young, and Gongzi Cheng and Li Duxi held all power; fearing punishment, they had encircled Zhufu. Initially, Zhufu had appointed his eldest son Zhang as crown prince. Later, he acquired Wuwa and loved her dearly; for several years, he did not leave her side. When she bore a son named He, he deposed Crown Prince Zhang and enthroned He as king. After Wuwa died, Zhufu's affection waned. He felt pity for the former crown prince and wanted to make both of them kings; however, he hesitated and failed to decide, which led to chaos. As a result, father and son perished together, becoming objects of ridicule across the land—how tragic!
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| | 趙世家: |
（主父死惠文王立立）五年，與燕鄚、易。八年，城南行唐。九年，趙梁將，與齊合軍攻韓，至魯關下。及十年，秦自置為西帝。十一年，董叔與魏氏伐宋，得河陽於魏。秦取保陽。十二年，趙梁將攻齊。十三年，韓徐為將，攻齊。公主死。十四年，相國樂毅將趙、秦、韓、魏、燕攻齊，取靈丘。與秦會中陽。十五年，燕昭王來見。趙與韓、魏、秦共擊齊，齊王敗走，燕獨深入，取臨菑。 |
| | (In the year when Zhufu died and King Huwen was enthroned) in the fifth year, he ceded Mao and Yi to Yan. In the eighth year, Nanhangtang was fortified with walls. In the ninth year, Zhao Liang led troops and joined forces with Qi to attack Han, advancing as far as the Lu Guan Pass. By the tenth year, Qin declared itself the Western Emperor. In the eleventh year, Dong Shu and Wei forces attacked Song and captured Heyang from Wei. Qin captured Baoyang. In the twelfth year, Zhao Liang led an attack on Qi. In the thirteenth year, Han Xu was appointed general and launched an attack on Qi. The princess died. In the fourteenth year, Chancellor Yue Yi led Zhao, Qin, Han, Wei, and Yan in an attack on Qi, capturing Lingqiu. A meeting with Qin was held at Zhongyang. In the fifteenth year, King Zhao of Yan came to pay a visit. Zhao joined forces with Han, Wei, and Qin in attacking Qi; King of Qi was defeated and fled. Yan alone advanced deep into enemy territory and captured Linzi.
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| | 趙世家: |
十六年，秦復與趙數擊齊，齊人患之。蘇厲為齊遺趙王書曰： |
| | In the sixteenth year, Qin again joined Zhao in repeated attacks on Qi; the people of Qi were greatly troubled by this. Su Li wrote a letter from Qi to King Zhao, saying:
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| | 趙世家: |
臣聞古之賢君，其德行非布於海內也，教順非洽於民人也，祭祀時享非數常於鬼神也。甘露降，時雨至，年穀豐孰，民不疾疫，眾人善之，然而賢主圖之。 |
| | I have heard that the virtuous rulers of old did not spread their moral conduct throughout the realm, nor was their instruction and benevolence fully embraced by the people; their timely sacrifices were not frequent offerings to spirits and deities. Sweet dew fell, timely rain arrived, the harvest was abundant, and the people were free from disease; many praised these blessings, yet a wise ruler would still contemplate them carefully.
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| | 趙世家: |
今足下之賢行功力，非數加於秦也；怨毒積怒，非素深於齊也。秦趙與國，以彊征兵於韓，秦誠愛趙乎？其實憎齊乎？物之甚者，賢主察之。秦非愛趙而憎齊也，欲亡韓而吞二周，故以齊餤天下。恐事之不合，故出兵以劫魏、趙。恐天下畏己也，故出質以為信。恐天下亟反也，故徵兵於韓以威之。聲以德與國，實而伐空韓，臣以秦計為必出於此。夫物固有勢異而患同者，楚久伐而中山亡，今齊久伐而韓必亡。破齊，王與六國分其利也。亡韓，秦獨擅之。收二周，西取祭器，秦獨私之。賦田計功，王之獲利孰與秦多？ |
| | Now, your virtue, conduct, and achievements are not significantly greater than those of Qin; the accumulated resentment and anger are not deeply rooted in Qi. Qin and Zhao, as allied states, have mobilized troops from Han for war; does Qin truly love Zhao? Or is it actually hating Qi? The most extreme matters are observed by a wise ruler. Qin does not love Zhao and hate Qi; rather, it seeks to destroy Han and swallow the two Zhou states. Thus, it uses Qi as bait for the world. It fears that its plans may not succeed, so it sends troops to intimidate Wei and Zhao. It is afraid the world will fear it, so it offers hostages as a sign of trust. It fears that all under heaven may quickly rebel, so it mobilizes troops from Han to intimidate them. In name, it claims virtue and alliance; in reality, it attacks the vulnerable state of Han. I believe that Qin's strategy must be exactly this. Indeed, things often have different appearances but share the same dangers; Chu was long attacked and Zhongshan perished. Now Qi has been long attacked, so Han must inevitably perish as well. If Qi is defeated, Your Majesty will share its benefits with the six states. If Han perishes, Qin alone will monopolize it. lington The capture of the two Zhou states and the acquisition of ritual vessels from the west would be a benefit exclusively for Qin to possess. When land is distributed according to merit, whose gains will be greater—Your Majesty or Qin?
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| | 趙世家: |
說士之計曰：「韓亡三川，魏亡晉國，市朝未變而禍已及矣。」燕盡齊之北地，去沙丘、鉅鹿斂三百里，韓之上黨去邯鄲百里，燕、秦謀王之河山，閒三百里而通矣。秦之上郡近挺關，至於榆中者千五百里，秦以三郡攻王之上黨，羊腸之西，句注之南，非王有已。踰句注，斬常山而守之，三百里而通於燕，代馬胡犬不東下，昆山之玉不出，此三寶者亦非王有已。王久伐齊，從彊秦攻韓，其禍必至於此。願王孰慮之。 |
| | The strategists' plan says: "If Han loses the Three Rivers region and Wei loses the Jin state, before the markets and palaces have even changed, disaster will already have befallen us." Yan controls the northern territories of Qi, and is only three hundred li away from Shachu and Julu. The Upper Party region of Han lies just one hundred li from Handan. Yan and Qin are plotting Your Majesty's rivers and mountains; a corridor of three hundred li has already been opened between them. Qin's Upper Commandery is near Tingguan, and the distance to Yuzhong is 1,500 li. If Qin uses its three commanderies to attack Your Majesty's Shangdang region, then west of Yangchang and south of Gouzhu will no longer belong to Your Majesty. Crossing Gouzhu, cutting through Changshan and holding it, a corridor of 300 li will connect to Yan. The horses of Dai and the dogs of Hu will no longer come eastward, and jade from Kunshan will not emerge; these three treasures will also no longer belong to Your Majesty. Your Majesty has long attacked Qi, following the strength of Qin in attacking Han; its calamity will surely reach this point. I hope Your Majesty carefully considers this matter.
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| | 趙世家: |
且齊之所以伐者，以事王也；天下屬行，以謀王也。燕秦之約成而兵出有日矣。五國三分王之地，齊倍五國之約而殉王之患，西兵以禁彊秦，秦廢帝請服，反高平、根柔於魏，反坙分、先俞於趙。齊之事王，宜為上佼，而今乃抵罪，臣恐天下後事王者之不敢自必也。願王孰計之也。 |
| | Moreover, the reason Qi was attacked is because it served Your Majesty; the world has united in action to plot against Your Majesty. The alliance between Yan and Qin is already formed, and their troops will march on a set date. Five states have already divided Your Majesty's territory into three parts. Qi, however, has violated the agreement of these five states and risked its own peril to send troops westward against the powerful Qin. As a result, Qin abandoned its imperial title and requested submission; it returned Gaoping and Genrou to Wei, and Guofen and Xianyu to Zhao. Qi's service to Your Majesty should have been the most outstanding, yet now it is being punished. I fear that in the future, no one will dare to serve Your Majesty wholeheartedly. I hope Your Majesty carefully deliberates on this matter.
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| | 趙世家: |
今王毋與天下攻齊，天下必以王為義。齊抱社稷而厚事王，天下必盡重王義。王以天下善秦，秦暴，王以天下禁之，是一世之名寵制於王也。於是趙乃輟，謝秦不擊齊。 |
| | Now, if Your Majesty does not join the world in attacking Qi, all under heaven will surely regard Your Majesty as righteous. Qi has protected its state and served Your Majesty faithfully; all under heaven must then hold Your Majesty's righteousness in the highest esteem. If Your Majesty treats Qin kindly while all under heaven see it as brutal, and if Your Majesty restrains it on behalf of the world, then this will be a name for virtue and authority that rests in Your Majesty's hands. Thus, Zhao ceased its actions and apologized to Qin, refraining from attacking Qi.
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| | 趙世家: |
王與燕王遇。廉頗將，攻齊昔陽，取之。 |
| | The king met with the King of Yan. Lian Po was appointed general and attacked Xiyang in Qi, capturing it.
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| | 趙世家: |
十七年，樂毅將趙師攻魏伯陽。而秦怨趙不與己擊齊，伐趙，拔我兩城。十八年，秦拔我石城。王再之衛東陽，決河水，伐魏氏。大潦，漳水出。魏冉來相趙。十九年，秦（敗）［取］我二城。趙與魏伯陽。趙奢將，攻齊麥丘，取之。 |
| | In the seventeenth year, Yue Yi led Zhao's army to attack Boyang of Wei. Qin resented Zhao for not joining it in attacking Qi and so attacked Zhao, capturing two of our cities. In the eighteenth year, Qin captured our Shicheng. The king went twice to Dongyang of Wei, diverted the Yellow River's waters, and attacked the House of Wei. A great flood occurred, and the Zhang River overflowed its banks. Wei Ran came to serve as chancellor of Zhao. In the nineteenth year, Qin (defeated) [captured] two of our cities. Zhao allied with Boyang of Wei. Zhao She was appointed general and attacked Maiqiu in Qi, capturing it.
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| | 趙世家: |
二十年，廉頗將，攻齊。王與秦昭王遇西河外。 |
| | In the twentieth year, Lian Po was general and led an attack on Qi. The king met with King Zhao of Qin outside the West River.
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| | 趙世家: |
二十一年，趙徙漳水武平西。二十二年，大疫。置公子丹為太子。 |
| | In the twenty-first year, Zhao relocated the Zhang River to the west of Wuping. In the twenty-second year, a great plague occurred. The crown prince Dan was appointed as heir apparent.
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| | 趙世家: |
二十三年，樓昌將，攻魏幾，不能取。十二月，廉頗將，攻幾，取之。二十四年，廉頗將，攻魏房子，拔之，因城而還。又攻安陽，取之。二十五年，燕周將，攻昌城、高唐，取之。與魏共擊秦。秦將白起破我華陽，得一將軍。二十六年，取東胡歐代地。 |
| | In the twenty-third year, Lou Chang was general and attacked Ji of Wei but failed to capture it. December, Lian Po led an attack on Ji and captured it. In the twenty-fourth year, Lian Po was commander and attacked Fangzi of Wei, capturing it; he then built a fortress there before returning. He also attacked Anyang and captured it. In the twenty-fifth year, Yan Zhou was general and attacked Changcheng and Gaotang, capturing both. Zhao joined forces with Wei to attack Qin. The Qin general Bai Qi defeated our Huyang, capturing one general. In the twenty-sixth year, we captured the land of Oudai from the Donghu.
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| | 趙世家: |
二十七年，徙漳水武平南。封趙豹為平陽君。河水出，大潦。 |
| | In the twenty-seventh year, the Zhang River was relocated to the south of Wuping. Zhao Bao was enfeoffed as the Lord of Pingyang. The Yellow River overflowed, causing a great flood.
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| | 趙世家: |
二十八年，藺相如伐齊，至平邑。罷城北九門大城。燕將成安君公孫操弒其王。二十九年，秦、韓相攻，而圍閼與。趙使趙奢將，擊秦，大破秦軍閼與下，賜號為馬服君。 |
| | In the twenty-eighth year, Lin Xiangru attacked Qi and reached Pingyi. The great city of Jiumen in the north was abandoned. Yan's general Cheng'an Jun Gongsun Cao assassinated his king. In the twenty-ninth year, Qin and Han attacked each other, surrounding Eyu. Zhao sent Zhao She as general to attack Qin; he heavily defeated the Qin army under Eyu, and was bestowed with the title Marfu Jun.
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| | 趙世家: |
三十三年，惠文王卒，太子丹立，是為孝成王。 |
| | In the thirty-third year, King Huwen died; Crown Prince Dan ascended the throne and is known as King Xiaocheng.
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| | 趙世家: |
孝成王元年，秦伐我，拔三城。趙王新立，太后用事，秦急攻之。趙氏求救於齊，齊曰：「必以長安君為質，兵乃出。」太后不肯，大臣彊諫。太后明謂左右曰：「復言長安君為質者，老婦必唾其面。」左師觸龍言願見太后，太后盛氣而胥之。入，徐趨而坐，自謝曰：「老臣病足，曾不能疾走，不得見久矣。竊自恕，而恐太后體之有所苦也，故願望見太后。」太后曰：「老婦恃輦而行耳。」曰：「食得毋衰乎？」曰：「恃粥耳。」曰：「老臣閒者殊不欲食，乃彊步，日三四里，少益嗜食，和於身也。」太后曰：「老婦不能。」太后不和之色少解。左師公曰：「老臣賤息舒祺最少，不肖，而臣衰，竊憐愛之，願得補黑衣之缺以衛王宮，昧死以聞。」太后曰：「敬諾。年幾何矣？」對曰：「十五歲矣。雖少，願及未填溝壑而託之。」太后曰：「丈夫亦愛憐少子乎？」對曰：「甚於婦人。」太后笑曰：「婦人異甚。」對曰：「老臣竊以為媼之愛燕后賢於長安君。」太后曰：「君過矣，不若長安君之甚。」左師公曰：「父母愛子則為之計深遠。媼之送燕后也，持其踵，為之泣，念其遠也，亦哀之矣。已行，非不思也，祭祀則祝之曰『必勿使反』，豈非計長久，為子孫相繼為王也哉？」太后曰：「然。」左師公曰：「今三世以前，至於趙主之子孫為侯者，其繼有在者乎？」曰：「無有。」曰：「微獨趙，諸侯有在者乎？」曰：「老婦不聞也。」曰：「此其近者禍及其身，遠者及其子孫。豈人主之子侯則不善哉？位尊而無功，奉厚而無勞，而挾重器多也。今媼尊長安君之位，而封之以膏腴之地，多與之重器，而不及今令有功於國，一旦山陵崩，長安君何以自託於趙？老臣以媼為長安君之計短也，故以為愛之不若燕后。」太后曰：「諾，恣君之所使之。」於是為長安君約車百乘，質於齊，齊兵乃出。 |
| | The first year of King Xiaocheng's reign, Qin attacked us and captured three cities. King Zhao had just ascended the throne; the Empress Dowager held power, and Qin urgently attacked them. The House of Zhao sought help from Qi, which said: "You must send Chang'an Jun as a hostage before we will dispatch troops." The empress dowager refused; the ministers strongly advised otherwise. The empress dowager clearly told those around her: "Whoever dares to mention again sending Chang'an Jun as a hostage, this old woman will spit in his face." Zuoshi Chulong requested an audience with the empress dowager; she received him with a stern and angry demeanor. When he entered, he slowly approached and sat down, offering his own apologies: "I am an old minister with a foot ailment; I have not been able to walk quickly for some time and thus have not seen you in a long while. I secretly excused myself, but I feared that Your Majesty might be unwell; thus, I wished to see you." The empress dowager said: "This old woman can only rely on a palanquin to move about." He asked, "Has your appetite not declined?" lık She replied: "I can only rely on porridge." He said, "Recently, I have had little appetite. So I forced myself to walk a few miles each day—three or four times daily—and gradually my desire for food has improved; it is beneficial for the body." The empress dowager replied, "This old woman cannot do that." The empress dowager's stern expression softened slightly. Zuoshi Gong said, "My humble son Shu Qi is the youngest and not particularly capable. But as I grow old, I secretly cherish him dearly. I wish to have him fill a vacancy among the black-clothed guards to serve in the palace of King Zhao. I dare to present this request at the risk of my life." The empress dowager said, "I will respect your wish and agree." "How old is he?" He replied, "Fifteen years old." "Although he is young, I wish to entrust him before my time runs out and I am cast into the ravines." The empress dowager asked: "Do men also cherish their youngest sons?" He replied, "Even more so than women." The empress dowager smiled and said: "Women are quite different in this regard." He replied, "I secretly believe that Your Majesty's love for Yanshou is greater than your love for Chang'an Jun." The empress dowager said: "You are mistaken, my affection for Chang'an Jun is far stronger." Zuoshi Gong replied, "Parents who love their children plan for them with long-term considerations. When you sent Yanshou off, you held her by the ankle and wept for her, thinking of how far she would go; this was indeed sorrowful. After she had departed, it was not that you did not miss her. Yet during sacrifices, you would pray: 'May she never return.' Is this not a long-term plan to ensure that your descendants succeed as kings?" The empress dowager said: "Indeed." Zuoshi Gong asked, "Now, going back three generations before this, among the descendants of Zhao's former kings who were enfeoffed as marquises, are there any whose line still continues?" She replied: "None." He asked, "Not only Zhao—among the descendants of other feudal lords, are there any who still exist?" She replied: "This old woman has not heard of such cases." He said, "Those who are close suffer misfortune in their own lifetime; those further away see it befall their descendants. Is it because the sons of sovereigns enfeoffed as marquis are inherently unkind?" It is because they hold high positions without merit, receive generous stipends without labor, and yet possess many important instruments of power. Now, you have elevated Chang'an Jun to a high position and granted him fertile land, giving him many important instruments of power, yet you do not take this opportunity to ensure he earns merit for the state. Once the mountain tomb collapses [i.e., when I die], how will Chang'an Jun be able to rely on Zhao? An old minister considers your plan for Chang'an Jun as short-sighted, and therefore believes that you love him less than Yanshou." The empress dowager said: "Very well. Do with Chang'an Jun whatever you wish." Thus, they prepared a hundred chariots for Chang'an Jun and sent him as a hostage to Qi; then the Qi army set out.
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| | 趙世家: |
子義聞之，曰：「人主之子，骨肉之親也，猶不能持無功之尊，無勞之奉，而守金玉之重也，而況於予乎？」 |
| | Ziyi heard of this and said: "The sons of a sovereign, who are blood relatives, still cannot maintain high status without merit or generous stipends without labor and yet hold onto treasures of gold and jade. How much less can I do so?"
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| | 趙世家: |
齊安平君田單將趙師而攻燕中陽，拔之。又攻韓注人，拔之。二年，惠文后卒。田單為相。 |
| | Qianping Jun Tiandan led the Zhao army to attack Zhongyang in Yan, and captured it. He then attacked Zhuren of Han and captured it as well. In the second year, Huwen Hou died. Tiandan became chancellor.
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| | 趙世家: |
四年，王夢衣偏裻之衣，乘飛龍上天，不至而墜，見金玉之積如山。明日，王召筮史敢占之，曰：「夢衣偏裻之衣者，殘也。乘飛龍上天不至而墜者，有氣而無實也。見金玉之積如山者，憂也。」 |
| | In the fourth year, the king dreamed that he wore a one-sided robe and rode on a flying dragon into the sky. Before reaching his destination, however, he fell and saw an accumulation of gold and jade as high as a mountain. The next day, the king summoned the diviner Shi Gan to interpret it. He said: "To dream of wearing a one-sided robe means 'damage' (can)." "To ride on a flying dragon to the sky but not reach it and fall instead indicates having an appearance of strength without real substance." "To see a mountain-like accumulation of gold and jade means 'worry' (you)."
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| | 趙世家: |
後三日，韓氏上黨守馮亭使者至，曰：「韓不能守上黨，入之於秦。其吏民皆安為趙，不欲為秦。有城市邑十七，願再拜入之趙，財王所以賜吏民。」王大喜，召平陽君豹告之曰：「馮亭入城市邑十七，受之何如？」對曰：「聖人甚禍無故之利。」王曰：「人懷吾德，何謂無故乎？」對曰：「夫秦蠶食韓氏地，中絕不令相通，固自以為坐而受上黨之地也。韓氏所以不入於秦者，欲嫁其禍於趙也。秦服其勞而趙受其利，雖彊大不能得之於小弱，小弱顧能得之於彊大乎？豈可謂非無故之利哉！且夫秦以牛田之水通糧蠶食，上乘倍戰者，裂上國之地，其政行，不可與為難，必勿受也。」王曰：「今發百萬之軍而攻，踰年歷歲未得一城也。今以城市邑十七幣吾國，此大利也。」 |
| | Three days later, an envoy from Fengting, the governor of Shangdang for Han, arrived and said: "Han can no longer hold onto Shangdang; it has been surrendered to Qin. Its officials and people all prefer to be under Zhao, not under Qin." There are seventeen cities and towns; we wish to prostrate ourselves twice and offer them to Zhao, so that Your Majesty may bestow rewards upon the officials and people." The king was greatly pleased. He summoned Pingyang Jun Bao and told him: "Fengting is offering seventeen cities and towns. What do you think of accepting them?" Bao replied, "Sages consider unexpected gains to be a great misfortune." The king said: "People are moved by my virtue; how can this be called an 'unexpected' gain?" Bao replied: "Qin has been gradually devouring Han's territory, cutting off communication in the middle. They naturally assumed they would sit back and receive the Shangdang region. "The reason Han did not hand over Shangdang to Qin is that they wish to transfer their troubles onto Zhao." "Qin bore the labor and effort, while Zhao reaps the benefit. Even a strong power cannot take something from a weak one; how then can a small and weak state obtain it from a powerful one?" "Can this not be called an unexpected gain!" "Moreover, Qin uses the Niutian River for transporting provisions and gradually devours territory. By employing superior tactics in double battles, they have carved up the land of major states. Their policies are effective; it is impossible to oppose them. We must not accept their offer." The king said: "Now, if we mobilize an army of a million men to attack, it would take years and still not capture a single city. "Now they are offering seventeen cities and towns as tribute to our country; this is a great advantage."
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| | 趙世家: |
趙豹出，王召平原君與趙禹而告之。對曰：「發百萬之軍而攻，踰歲未得一城，今坐受城市邑十七，此大利，不可失也。」王曰：「善。」乃令趙勝受地，告馮亭曰：「敝國使者臣勝，敝國君使勝致命，以萬戶都三封太守，千戶都三封縣令，皆世世為侯，吏民皆益爵三級，吏民能相安，皆賜之六金。」馮亭垂涕不見使者，曰：「吾不處三不義也：為主守地，不能死固，不義一矣；入之秦，不聽主令，不義二矣；賣主地而食之，不義三矣。」趙遂發兵取上黨。廉頗將軍軍長平。 |
| | After Zhao Bao left, the king summoned Pingyuan Jun and Zhao Yu and informed them. They replied: "Mobilizing an army of a million to attack and failing to capture even one city after more than a year, now we can simply accept seventeen cities and towns—this is a great opportunity that must not be missed." The king said: "Well spoken." He then ordered Zhao Sheng to accept the territory and told Fengting: "My country's envoy, Minister Sheng, has been sent by my lord to deliver this message. He will bestow three cities of ten thousand households as fiefs for the governor, and three counties of a thousand households each for the county magistrates; all shall be hereditary marquises. All officials and people will receive an increase in their ranks by three levels. Any official or civilian who can maintain peace and stability will be granted six gold pieces." Fengting wept and refused to see the envoy, saying: "I cannot be involved in these three acts of injustice: First, I was entrusted with defending this land for my lord but failed to die while holding it firmly. "Second, by surrendering the territory to Qin without following my lord's orders, I have committed another injustice; "Third, selling my lord's land for personal gain is a third injustice." Zhao then sent troops to take Shangdang. General Lian Po was stationed at Changping.
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| | 趙世家: |
七（年）［月］，廉頗免而趙括代將。秦人圍趙括，趙括以軍降，卒四十餘萬皆阬之。王悔不聽趙豹之計，故有長平之禍焉。 |
| | In the seventh month, General Lian Po was relieved of his command and Zhao Kuo took over as general instead. The Qin forces surrounded Zhao Kuo, who surrendered with his entire army; more than 400,000 of his soldiers were buried alive. The king regretted not following Zhao Bao's advice and thus suffered the disaster at Changping.
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| | 趙世家: |
王還，不聽秦，秦圍邯鄲。武垣令傅豹、王容、蘇射率燕眾反燕地。趙以靈丘封楚相春申君。 |
| | The king returned, but refused to comply with Qin's demands; in response, Qin laid siege to Handan. Fu Bao, Wang Rong, and Su She, the magistrates of Wuyuan, led a force from Yan to rebel against Yan territory. Zhao granted Lingqiu as a fief to Chunya Jun, the prime minister of Chu.
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| | 趙世家: |
八年，平原君如楚請救。還，楚來救，及魏公子無忌亦來救，秦圍邯鄲乃解。 |
| | In the eighth year, Pingyuan Jun went to Chu to request aid. He returned and Chu sent reinforcements; at the same time, Wei Gongzi Wuji also came to provide assistance, so the Qin siege of Handan was lifted.
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| | 趙世家: |
十年，燕攻昌壯，五月拔之。趙將樂乘、慶舍攻秦信梁軍，破之。太子死。而秦攻西周，拔之。徒父祺出。十一年，城元氏，縣上原。武陽君鄭安平死，收其地。十二年，邯鄲廥燒。十四年，平原君趙勝死。 |
| | In the tenth year, Yan attacked Changzhuang; in the fifth month it was captured. Zhao generals Yue Cheng and Qing She attacked Qin's Xinxiang army and defeated them. The crown prince died. Meanwhile, Qin attacked Xizhou and captured it. Tu Fuqi went out [on a mission]. In the eleventh year, they built a city at Yuanshi and established Shangyuan as a county. Wuyang Jun Zheng Anping died, and his territory was confiscated. In the twelfth year, a granary in Handan caught fire and burned down. In the fourteenth year, Pingyuan Jun Zhao Sheng died.
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| | 趙世家: |
十五年，以尉文封相國廉頗為信平君。燕王令丞相栗腹約驤，以五百金為趙王酒，還歸，報燕王曰：「趙氏壯者皆死長平，其孤未壯，可伐也。」王召昌國君樂閒而問之。對曰：「趙，四戰之國也，其民習兵，伐之不可。」王曰：「吾以眾伐寡，二而伐一，可乎？」對曰：「不可。」王曰：「吾即以五而伐一，可乎？」對曰：「不可。」燕王大怒。群臣皆以為可。燕卒起二軍，車二千乘，栗腹將而攻鄗，卿秦將而攻代。廉頗為趙將，破殺栗腹，虜卿秦、樂閒。 |
| | In the fifteenth year, Weiwen was granted as a fief for Lian Po, the prime minister, who was conferred the title Jinping Jun. The Yan king ordered his prime minister Li Fu to visit Xiang and presented 500 gold pieces as a gift for the King of Zhao. After returning, he reported to the Yan king: "All the strong men of Zhao have died at Changping; their orphans are still too young to be strong. We can attack them." The king summoned Changguo Jun Yue Jian and asked him about it. Yue Jian replied: "Zhao is a country that has long been engaged in four-sided warfare; its people are experienced in military affairs. It would be unwise to attack them." The king said: "I will attack a smaller force with a larger one, two against one—can this work?" Yue Jian replied: "No." The king asked, "What if I attack them with five against one? Would that work?" Yue Jian replied: "No." The Yan king became very angry. All the ministers thought it feasible. Yan mobilized two armies, with 2000 chariots; Li Fu led one to attack Gao, while Qing Qin led the other to attack Dai. Lian Po served as Zhao's general and defeated and killed Li Fu, capturing Qing Qin and Yue Jian.
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| | 趙世家: |
十六年，廉頗圍燕。以樂乘為武襄君。十七年，假相大將武襄君攻燕，圍其國。十八年，延陵鈞率師從相國信平君助魏攻燕。秦拔我榆次三十七城。十九年，趙與燕易土：以龍兌、汾門、臨樂與燕；燕以葛、武陽、平舒與趙。 |
| | In the sixteenth year, Lian Po laid siege to Yan. Yue Cheng was conferred the title Wuxiang Jun. In the seventeenth year, acting prime minister and general Wuxiang Jun attacked Yan and encircled its capital city. In the eighteenth year, Yanning Jun led an army under the prime minister Jinping Jun to assist Wei in attacking Yan. Qin captured thirty-seven cities of Yu Ci from us. 龙头 In the nineteenth year, Zhao exchanged territory with Yan: it gave Longdui, Fenmen, and Linle to Yan; Yan gave Ge, Wuyang, and Pingshu to Zhao in return.
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| | 趙世家: |
二十年，秦王政初立。秦拔我晉陽。 |
| | In the twentieth year, King Zheng of Qin ascended the throne. Qin captured our Jinyang.
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| | 趙世家: |
二十一年，孝成王卒。廉頗將，攻繁陽，取之。使樂乘代之，廉頗攻樂乘，樂乘走，廉頗亡入魏。子偃立，是為悼襄王。 |
| | In the twenty-first year, King Xiaocheng died. Lian Po led an attack on Fanyang and captured it. Zhao sent Yue Cheng to replace him, but Lian Po attacked Yue Cheng; Yue Cheng fled and Lian Po escaped into Wei. Zi Yan was enthroned as king, later known as King Daoxiang.
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| | 趙世家: |
悼襄王元年，大備魏。欲通平邑、中牟之道，不成。 |
| | In the first year of King Daoxiang's reign, Zhao made great preparations against Wei. Zhao wished to open a route between Pingyi and Zhongmou but failed.
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| | 趙世家: |
二年，李牧將，攻燕，拔武遂、方城。秦召春平君，因而留之。泄鈞為之謂文信侯曰：「春平君者，趙王甚愛之而郎中之，故相與謀曰『春平君入秦，秦必留之』，故相與謀而內之秦也。今君留之，是絕趙而郎中之計中也。君不如遣春平君而留平都。春平君者言行信於王，王必厚割趙而贖平都。」文信侯曰：「善。」因遣之。城韓皋。 |
| | In the second year, Li Mu led an attack on Yan and captured Wusui and Fangcheng. Qin summoned Chunya Jun and detained him there. Xie Jun said to Wen Xinhou: "Chunya Jun is a man greatly loved by the King of Zhao, who appointed him as an official in the imperial court. Therefore, they conspired together and said, 'If Chunya Jun enters Qin, Qin will surely detain him,' so they plotted together to send him into Qin." "Now you are detaining him; this cuts Zhao off and allows the plan of the imperial court officials to succeed. "You would be better off sending Chunya Jun away but keeping Pingdu." "Chunya Jun is known for his trustworthy words and actions to the king; the king will certainly offer generous territory from Zhao in exchange for Pingdu." Wen Xinhou said: "Well spoken." And so he sent him away. They built a city at Gaohan.
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| | 趙世家: |
三年，龐煖將，攻燕，禽其將劇辛。四年，龐煖將趙、楚、魏、燕之銳師，攻秦蕞，不拔；移攻齊，取饒安。五年，傅抵將，居平邑；慶舍將東陽河外師，守河梁。六年，封長安君以饒。魏與趙鄴。 |
| | In the third year, Pang Juan led an attack on Yan and captured its general Juxin. In the fourth year, Pang Juan commanded the elite forces of Zhao, Chu, Wei, and Yan to attack Qin's Zui, but failed to capture it; He then shifted his attack to Qi and captured Rao'an. In the fifth year, Fu Di led troops and stationed at Pingyi; Qing She commanded the eastern Yanghe forces outside the river and guarded the Heliang. In the sixth year, Chang'an Jun was granted fiefdom in Rao. Wei ceded Yecheng to Zhao.
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| | 趙世家: |
九年，趙攻燕，取貍、陽城。兵未罷，秦攻鄴，拔之。悼襄王卒，子幽繆王遷立。 |
| | In the ninth year, Zhao attacked Yan and captured Li and Yangcheng. Before the military campaign was concluded, Qin attacked Ye and captured it. Daoxiang Wang died; his son Youmiu Wang Qian succeeded to the throne.
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| | 趙世家: |
幽繆王遷元年，城柏人。二年，秦攻武城，扈輒率師救之，軍敗，死焉。 |
| | In the first year of Youmiu Wang Qian's reign, they built a city at Bairen. In the second year, Qin attacked Wucheng; Hu Zhe led troops to rescue it, but his army was defeated and he died there.
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| | 趙世家: |
三年，秦攻赤麗、宜安，李牧率師與戰肥下，卻之。封牧為武安君。四年，秦攻番吾，李牧與之戰，卻之。 |
| | In the third year, Qin attacked Cheli and Yian; Li Mu led troops to fight against them at Feixia and repelled them. Li Mu was conferred the title of Wu'an Jun. In the fourth year, Qin attacked Fanwu; Li Mu fought against them and repelled their attack.
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| | 趙世家: |
五年，代地大動，自樂徐以西，北至平陰，臺屋墻垣太半壞，地坼東西百三十步。六年，大饑，民訛言曰：「趙為號，秦為笑。以為不信，視地之生毛。」 |
| | In the fifth year, a great earthquake struck Dai Di; from Luxu in the east to Pingyin in the north, most of the pavilions, houses, walls and fences were destroyed, with the ground splitting open for 130 bu (approximately 215 meters) from east to west. In the sixth year, there was a great famine; the people spread rumors saying: "Zhao is in distress, Qin is laughing." To convince those who did not believe it, they pointed to the hair growing on the ground.
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| | 趙世家: |
七年，秦人攻趙，趙大將李牧、將軍司馬尚將，擊之。李牧誅，司馬尚免，趙怱及齊將顏聚代之。趙怱軍破，顏聚亡去。以王遷降。 |
| | In the seventh year, the Qin forces attacked Zhao; Zhao's great general Li Mu and General Sima Shang led troops to resist them. Li Mu was executed, Sima Shang was dismissed from office, and Zhao Chong as well as Qi's general Yan Ju took their places. Zhao Chong's army was defeated, and Yan Ju fled away. The King Qian surrendered.
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| | 趙世家: |
八年十月，邯鄲為秦。 |
| | In the eighth year, October, Handan became part of Qin.
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| | 趙世家: |
太史公曰。吾聞馮王孫曰：「趙王遷，其母倡也，嬖於悼襄王。悼襄王廢適子嘉而立遷。遷素無行，信讒，故誅其良將李牧，用郭開。」豈不繆哉！秦既虜遷，趙之亡大夫共立嘉為王，王代六歲，秦進兵破嘉，遂滅趙以為郡。 |
| | Grand Historian said: I heard Feng Wangsun say, "King Qian of Zhao had a mother who was a courtesan and was favored by King Daoxiang. King Daoxiang deposed the legitimate heir Jiā and installed Qian as king instead. Qian had always been of poor character, believed slander, so he executed his capable general Li Mu and appointed Guo Kai." How mistaken was that! After Qin captured Qian, the exiled officials of Zhao jointly enthroned Jiā as king. He ruled over Dai for six years when Qin advanced its troops to defeat Jiā and thus extinguished Zhao, incorporating it into a commandery.
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