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杨奉[查看正文] [修改] [查看历史]ctext:400088
关系 | 对象 | 文献依据 |
---|---|---|
type | person | |
name | 杨奉 | |
born | 200 | |
died | 197 | |
authority-viaf | 2147483647 | |
authority-wikidata | Q1150793 | |
link-wikipedia_zh | 杨奉 | |
link-wikipedia_en | Yang_Feng |
生平
兴平二年(195年),李傕因杀樊稠而与郭汜互相攻伐,李傕更裹胁汉献帝到自己军营中。期间杨奉与李傕军吏宋果等人要谋杀李傕,但事迹败露,于是杨奉领兵叛离李傕投奔郭汜。李傕军团的实力因而受到影响。经过三个月争战,镇东将军张济从弘农入长安劝和二人,并成功令二人同意送献帝回洛阳。
于是杨奉被封为兴义将军,与杨定和董承及郭汜共同护送献帝。但到新丰、霸陵附近时,郭汜又打算带献帝到郿县。汉献帝逃到杨奉军中,杨奉和杨定与郭汜作战,成功击败郭汜。郭汜败走南山,杨奉则与董承继续护送献帝东归。
及后李傕和郭汜都后悔放走汉献帝,与是又同心追回献帝,在曹阳追上献帝并于东涧击败杨奉军队。同时,杨奉急召前白波贼首领韩暹、胡才、李乐等人及匈奴左贤王去卑来援,击败李傕军,并继续东归。但李傕随即再追,并击败杨奉等人,大杀随行官员。献帝入陕并渡过黄河,到达安邑。
建安元年(196年),杨奉与董承于七月成功护送献帝回洛阳,杨奉获授车骑将军,后别屯梁县。同年曹操到洛阳迎献帝到许县,杨奉领兵邀截,但追不上。曹操在许县安置好献帝后,于十月进攻杨奉,杨奉大败,所部骑都尉徐晃投降曹操。杨奉南奔袁术,曹操于是攻占梁县。杨奉与韩暹投奔袁术后,在扬州和徐州一带领兵肆意暴虐。
建安二年(197年),袁术打算称帝,并与吕布请婚,以求招引吕布作外援。但吕布在陈圭的影响下拒绝袁术,改投曹操,袁术于是派大将张勋带领杨奉和韩暹进攻吕布。吕布依从陈圭之计,派人游说杨奉和韩暹背叛袁术,与吕布一同抵抗张勋军,并以战胜后所有战利品作利诱。二人同意并最终大破张勋。后二人又与吕布水陆并进进攻袁术根据地寿春,沿途掳略,一路攻至锺离才回军。
吕布曾经命令杨奉取刘备地麦。
同年,刘备诱使杨奉与自己见面,在座上捕杀杨奉。
注释
Life
Yang Feng was a leader of the White Wave Bandits. Later, he became a subordinate of Li Jue. In 192, Li Jue, Guo Si and other former followers of the warlord Dong Zhuo banded together and attacked the Han imperial capital, Chang'an, and seized control of the central government and the figurehead Emperor Xian.
In 195, when internal conflict broke out between Li Jue and Guo Si, the former took Emperor Xian hostage while the latter took the emperor's subjects hostage to threaten each other. During this time, Yang Feng and Song Guo (宋果), another of Li Jue's subordinates, plotted to assassinate their superior but failed and were forced to leave Chang'an. After three months, Zhang Ji managed to persuade Li Jue and Guo Si to make peace, and allow Emperor Xian to return to the old imperial capital, Luoyang.
Yang Feng was appointed as General Who Revives Righteousness (兴义将军), after which he joined Guo Si, Yang Ding (杨定) and Dong Cheng in escorting the emperor back to Luoyang. Just as they reached the vicinity of Xinfeng (新丰) and Baling (霸陵), Guo Si changed his mind and wanted to bring Emperor Xian to Mei County (郿县) instead. The emperor fled to Yang Feng's camp for shelter. Yang Feng, Yang Ding and Dong Cheng protected the emperor when Guo Si tried to seize him back. Guo Si retreated after his defeat, while the emperor resumed his journey to Luoyang under Yang Feng's protection.
Later in 195, Li Jue and Guo Si regretted their earlier decision to let Emperor Xian leave Chang'an, so they led their troops to pursue the emperor. Yang Feng led his troops to fight Li Jue and Guo Si but lost. He then summoned the White Wave Bandits, led by Li Le (李乐), Han Xian, Hu Cai (胡才) and others, to come to Emperor Xian's aid. Xiongnu forces led by Qubei (去卑) also responded to the call and came to help Emperor Xian. They continued on their journey towards Luoyang after that. Li Jue quickly returned with more troops and defeated Yang Feng and killed several officials who fled with Emperor Xian. The emperor escaped across the Yellow River and reached Anyi (安邑).
Around August 196, Emperor Xian returned to Luoyang under the escort of Yang Feng and Dong Cheng. In recognition of their contributions, he appointed Yang Feng as General of Chariots and Cavalry (车骑将军) and ordered him to garrison at Liang State (梁国). Around the same time, the warlord Cao Cao led his forces into Luoyang, found Emperor Xian, and escorted him to his base in Xu (许; present-day Xuchang, Henan), which became the new imperial capital. Yang Feng tried to stop Cao Cao but could not catch up in time.
After having Emperor Xian and the new central government firmly under his control, Cao Cao led his troops to attack Yang Feng in November 196 and defeated him. Xu Huang, one of Yang Feng's subordinates, surrendered and became a general under Cao Cao. While Yang Feng fled south to join the warlord Yuan Shu, Cao Cao proceeded to conquer Liang State (Yang Feng's previous base). After joining Yuan Shu, Yang Feng and Han Xian pillaged and looted several counties in Yang and Xu provinces.
In 197, Yuan Shu wanted to declare himself emperor and desired to have a neighbouring warlord, Lü Bu, as an ally. So he proposed a marriage between his son and Lü Bu's daughter. However, Lü Bu rejected the proposal after listening to Chen Gui's advice. In anger, Yuan Shu ordered his general Zhang Xun (张勋), with Yang Feng and Han Xian as his subordinates, to lead troops to attack Lü Bu. Lü Bu heeded Chen Gui's suggestion and managed to induce Yang Feng and Han Xian to turn against Yuan Shu. Yang Feng and Han Xian then joined Lü Bu in attacking Yuan Shu's forces, led by Zhang Xun, and defeated the enemy. After driving back Zhang Xun, Yang Feng and Han Xian led their men to pillage several territories until Zhongli (锺离) before turning back. Later in 197, the warlord Liu Bei lured Yang Feng into a trap under the guise of a meeting and killed him.
文献资料 | 引用次数 |
---|---|
三国志 | 3 |
资治通鉴 | 15 |
后汉书 | 13 |
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