生平

祖父是生女真完颜部的族长乌古廼（景祖）、父劾里鉢是乌古廼的次子。阿骨打是劾里鉢的次子）。生母是女真挐懒部首长的女儿翼简皇后。

辽国天庆三年（1113年）十月，其兄乌雅束死，继位女真各部落联盟长，称都勃极烈。天庆四年，率2500人起兵叛辽，破宁江州（今吉林省扶馀市东南）。萧嗣先率7000精兵集结于出河店，阿骨打率兵3700乘夜奔袭，渡混同江（今松花江），大败辽军。天庆五年农历正月初一（1115年1月28日），阿骨打在会宁（今黑龙江省哈尔滨市阿城区南白城）称帝，建立大金，年号收国，改名完颜旻。天庆五年九月，攻占黄龙府（今吉林省农安县）城。

天辅三年（1119年），辽天祚帝册封完颜旻为东怀国皇帝，但册文不称完颜旻为兄长、国号不称大金，故他不接受册封，继续攻打辽国。

天辅四年（1120年），与宋朝订攻辽计划，攻陷辽上京临潢府（今内蒙古自治区巴林左旗南）。天辅六年（1122年），取辽中京（今内蒙古自治区宁城县西）；是年年底，攻陷燕京（今北京市）。天辅七年（1123年）八月，返金上京（今黑龙江省哈尔滨市阿城区附近）途中病逝。他死后，在天会三年六月上諡号大圣皇帝，同年十二月改为大圣武元皇帝，庙号是太祖。皇统五年十月，增諡为应乾兴运昭德定功仁明庄孝大圣武元皇帝。

2003年9月5日，北京市政府文物局发表：1980年代在北京市西南郊外的九龙山的金朝陵墓，证实是完颜阿骨打的石棺、遗骨及装饰物。

对外政策

完颜阿骨打痛恨辽，但对宋相当和善，在建国之初就有意与宋联合，和后来诸代金朝帝王对宋朝充满敌对大不相同。《靖康稗史笺证》中记录其二子完颜宗望曾说过：「太祖止我伐宋，言犹在耳」。

当宋以「海上之盟」求燕京（今北京西南）及西京（今山西大同）地，金国大臣左企弓（张觉叛金时被杀）曾劝阿骨打不要归还「燕云十六州」，但阿骨打还是如约归还了「燕云十六州」中的燕京、涿州、易州、檀州、顺州、景州、蓟州。其中景州虽在长城之内，但并不属于石敬瑭割给辽的燕云十六州之一。易州是辽统和七年（989年）夺自宋，也不算作十六州之一。莫、瀛两州早已收复，为北宋河间府所治。这样一来，山西、河北太行山（后明在此建内长城）以内的燕、涿、檀、顺、蓟、莫、瀛七州都已经归还宋，而太行山以外的儒、妫、武、新、蔚、应、寰、朔、云九州当时辽金尚在争夺，金太祖也无法归还。

和阿骨打生前相处时间较长的几个年长儿子，如长子完颜宗干、二子完颜宗望、四子完颜宗弼都很崇尚汉文化，这对以后金国的汉化影响很大。这也从另一个侧面反映了阿骨打的喜好。

家庭

• 圣穆皇后唐括氏

　• 二子或第三子、嫡长子金徽宗完颜宗峻，名 绳果

　• 七子丰王完颜宗朝，名 乌烈 (列蒲阳虎)

　• 赵王完颜宗杰，名 没里野

• 光懿皇后裴满氏

　• 长子辽王完颜宗干，名 斡本（海陵王时为金德宗，金世宗时降为辽王）

• 钦宪皇后纥石烈氏

　• 二子宋桓肃王完颜宗望，名 斡离不

　• 六子陈王完颜宗隽，名 讹鲁观

　• 渖王完颜讹鲁

• 宣献皇后仆散氏

　• 五子金睿宗完颜宗尧，名 讹里朵

　• 豳王完颜讹鲁朵

• 乌古论元妃

　• 四子梁王完颜宗弼，名 兀术

　• 八子卫王完颜宗强，名 阿鲁

　• 九子蜀王完颜宗敏，名 阿鲁补

• 萧崇妃

　• 纪王完颜习泥烈

　• 息王完颜宁吉

　• 莒王完颜燕孙

• 娘子独奴可

　• 邺王完颜斡忽

;女儿

• 长女完颜兀鲁，嫁徒单定哥、徒单恭

• 毕国公主，嫁乌古论讹论

• 蒲察石家奴之妻（蒲察石家奴：蒲察斛鲁短之孙，劾里鉢外孙，阿骨打外甥）

评价

• 元朝官修正史《金史》脱脱等的评价是：「太祖英谟睿略，豁达大度，知人善任，人乐为用。世祖阴有取辽之志，是以兄弟相授，传及康宗，遂及太祖。临终以太祖属穆宗，其素志盖如是也。初定东京，即除去辽法，减省租税，用本国制度。辽主播越，宋纳岁币，以幽、蓟、武、朔等州与宋，而置南京于平州。宋人终不能守燕、代，卒之辽主见获，宋主被执。虽功成于天会间，而规摹运为宾自此始。金有天下百十有九年，太祖数年之间算无遗策，兵无留行，底定大业，传之子孙。呜呼，雄哉！」

Life

Aguda was the second son of Helibo, the chieftain of the Wanyan tribe. His mother was a daughter of the chieftain of the Nalan (拏懒) tribe. He was born in 1068 near the Ashi River within present-day Harbin, Heilongjiang Province. He was well-known within his tribe for his bravery, and had participated in numerous campaigns against rival Jurchen tribes at the command of the Khitan-led Liao dynasty. In 1109, during the height of a widespread famine, Aguda assisted his father in absorbing famished warriors from other Jurchen tribes to strengthen his own tribe. Later, he fought wars against other Jurchen tribes and succeeded in unifying all Jurchens under the Wanyan tribe's leadership.

In 1113, Aguda succeeded his elder brother, Wuyashu, as the leader of his tribe. Like other Jurchens, Aguda loathed what he considered the exploitation of his tribesmen by corrupt Liao officials. In 1112, when the Liao ruler, Emperor Tianzuo, went on a fishing expedition in Jurchen territory, he ordered all the chieftains to dance for him. Aguda became famous among the Jurchens when he was the only person who defied the order.

In early 1114, Aguda sent spies into Liao territory and prepared to revolt against the Khitan regime, which he considered decadent. His chief advisors were Wanyan Zonghan and Wanyan Xiyin. In September, Aguda rallied his tribesmen (around 2,500 men) at Liushui (流水; near present-day Lalin River in Fuyu, Jilin Province) and openly rebelled against the Liao dynasty. His cavalry captured Ningjiangzhou (宁江州; present-day Fuyu, Jilin Province) and defeated a 7,000-strong Liao army at the Battle of Chuhedian in November. In January 1115, following a series of military successes, Aguda proclaimed himself emperor, established the Jin dynasty, and adopted the regnal name "Shouguo". In August, his army conquered Huanglong Prefecture (黄龙府; present-day Nong'an County, Jilin Province) and defeated 700,000 Liao troops with only 20,000 horsemen at the Battle of Hubudagang. By 1116, Aguda had completed the conquest of the entire Liaodong Peninsula. Between 1119 and 1122, his army repeatedly defeated Liao forces and captured all of the Liao dynasty's five capitals.

Since the Jin dynasty was an enemy of the Liao dynasty, the Han Chinese-led Northern Song dynasty considered the Jin dynasty to be their natural allies. In 1117, the Song dynasty sent emissaries to the Jin dynasty, ostensibly to buy horses, but in reality to negotiate an alliance against the Liao dynasty. Between 1117 and 1123, seven Song delegations visited the Jurchens, and six Jin embassies went to the Song capital, Bianjing (present-day Kaifeng, Henan Province). Between 1115 and 1123, the Jin and Song dynasties negotiated and formed the Alliance Conducted at Sea against the Liao dynasty. Under the conditions of the alliance, the Song dynasty would attack the Liao dynasty from the south, while in return, the Jin dynasty would hand over control of the Liao dynasty's Sixteen Prefectures to the Song dynasty.

During the war against the Liao dynasty, Aguda also took time to establish the new feudal governmental system based on Jurchen tribal customs. He also organised the national agriculture with a collectivist system known as the Miŋgan Moumukə (猛安谋克). Furthermore, Aguda absorbed elements of Han Chinese culture and ordered his chancellor Wanyan Xiyin to develop a unique Jurchen writing system.

Aguda died in August 1123, at the age of 56. His death came a few months after the Jin and Song dynasties signed a treaty which recognised each other as equals and required the Song to pay the Jin an annual tribute of 200,000 taels of silver and 300,000 bolts of silk. Aguda was succeeded by his younger brother, Wuqimai (Emperor Taizong). Wuqimai continued the campaign against the Liao dynasty and captured the Liao emperor, Emperor Tianzuo in 1125, thereby ending the Liao dynasty's existence. Soon after conquering the Liao dynasty, the Jin dynasty waged war against the Northern Song dynasty. Aguda was buried in the Rui Mausoleum (睿陵) at Dafangshan (大房山) outside Zhongdu (中都; present-day Beijing).

Commemoration

Mounted statues of Aguda and his chief commander, Wanyan Zonghan, have been erected on the grounds of the Jin Dynasty History Museum (金上京历史博物馆) at the former location of the old Jin capital, Shangjing (上京), which is near present-day Acheng District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province.

Family

• Father: Helibo, posthumously honoured as Emperor Shizu

• Mother: Lady Nalan (拏懒氏), posthumously honoured as Empress Yijian (翼简皇后)

• Wives:

　• Lady Tangkuo (唐括氏), posthumously honoured as Empress Shengmu (圣穆皇后), bore Shengguo, Wulie and Moliye

　• Lady Peiman (裴满氏), posthumously honoured as Empress Guangyi (光懿皇后), bore Woben

　• Lady Heshilie (纥石烈氏), posthumously honoured as Empress Qinxian (钦宪皇后), bore Wolibu, Eluguan and Elu

　• Lady Pusan (仆散氏), posthumously honoured as Empress Xuanxian (宣献皇后), bore Eliduo and Eluduo

　• Lady Wugulun, Consort Yuan (元妃), bore Wuzhu, Alu and Alubu

　• Lady Xiao (萧氏), Consort Chong (崇妃), bore Xinilie, Ningji and Yansun

　• Dunuke (独奴可), bore Wohu

• Sons:

　• Shengguo (绳果), sinicised name Wanyan Zongjun (完颜宗峻), posthumously honoured as Emperor Huizong, father of Emperor Xizong

　• Wulie, sinicised name Wanyan Zongchao (完颜宗朝), Prince of Feng (丰王)

　• Moliye (没里野), sinicised name Wanyan Zongjie (完颜宗杰), Prince of Zhao

　• Woben (斡本), sincised name Wanyan Zonggan (完颜宗干), Prince of Liao (辽王)

　• Wolibu (斡离不), sinicised name Wanyan Zongwang (完颜宗望), posthumously honoured as Prince Huansu of Song (宋桓肃王)

　• Eluguan (讹鲁观), sinicised name Wanyan Zongjun (完颜宗隽), Prince of Chen

　• Elu (讹鲁), Prince of Shen (渖王)

　• Eliduo (讹里朵), sinicised name Wanyan Zongyao (完颜宗尧), posthumously honoured as Emperor Ruizong

　• Eluduo (讹鲁朵), Prince of Bin (豳王)

　• Wuzhu (兀术), sinicised name Wanyan Zongbi (完颜宗弼), Prince of Liang (梁王)

　• Alu (阿鲁), sinicised name Wanyan Zongqiang (完颜宗强), Prince of Wei (卫王)

　• Alubu (阿鲁补), sinicised name Wanyan Zongmin (完颜宗敏), Prince of Shu (蜀王)

　• Xinilie (习泥烈), Prince of Ji (纪王)

　• Ningji (宁吉), Prince of Xi (息王)

　• Yansun, Prince of Ju (莒王)

　• Wohu (斡忽), Prince of Ye (邺王)

• Daughters:

　• Wulu (兀鲁), married Tushan Dingge (徒单定哥) and later Tushan Gong (徒单恭)

　• Princess of Bi, married Wugulun Elun

　• Daughter, name unknown, married Pucha Shijianu (蒲察石家奴; Aguda's maternal nephew)