| Chinese Text Project | |
| Simplified Chinese version |
| 戰 U+6230 |  Seal script |  Jinwen | 战 Simplified character | 戦 Alternate form |
| Radical: | 戈+ 12 strokes = 16 strokes total. |
|---|---|
| References: | Guangyun: p.409#12 Kangxi: p.414#11 Cihai: p.553r5c01 GSR: 147.r Hanyu: v2,p1412#12 |
| Composition: | Left: 单, right: 戈. Component of: 𡃹 𡓥 𢥇 𬉢 𭌓 𧂁 𭬪 𥗜 𧟀 |
| Mandarin: | zhàn ㄓㄢˋ |
| Cantonese: | zin3 |
| Tang reconstruction: | *jiɛ̀n |
| Shuowen: | 《戈部》战：鬬也。从戈单声。 |
| Guangyun: | 《广韵·去声·线·战》战：惧也，恐也，又姓。之膳切，二。 |
| Kangxi: | 《康熙字典·戈部·十二》战：古文𣥭《广韵》《集韵》《韵会》《正韵》𠀤之膳切，旃去声。《说文》𨷵也。《左传·庄十一年》皆𨻰曰战。又惧也。《书·仲虺之诰》小大战战。又姓。汉战兢，明战愼。 |
| Fanqie: | 之膳 (《广韵·去声·线·战》) |
| Unihan definition: | war, fighting, battle |
Example usage
| 《论语·八佾》: | 宰我对曰：“夏后氏以松，殷人以柏，周人以栗，曰使民战栗。” |
| Zai Wo replied, "The Xia sovereign planted the pine tree about them; the men of the Yin planted the cypress; and the men of the Zhou planted the chestnut tree, meaning thereby to cause the people to be in awe." | |
| 《孟子·尽心下》: | 梁惠王以土地之故，糜烂其民而战之，大败，将复之，恐不能胜，故驱其所爱子弟以殉之，是之谓以其所不爱及其所爱也。 |
| 'The king Hui of Liang, for the matter of territory, tore and destroyed his people, leading them to battle. Sustaining a great defeat, he would engage again, and afraid lest they should not be able to secure the victory, urged his son whom he loved till he sacrificed him with them. This is what I call "beginning with what they do not care for, and proceeding to what they care for."' | |
| 《礼记·檀弓上》: | 鲁庄公及宋人战于乘丘。 |
| Duke Zhuang of Lu fought a battle with the men of Song at Sheng-qiu. | |
| 《孝经·诸侯》: | 《诗》云：“战战兢兢，如临深渊，如履薄冰。” |
| It is said in the Book of Poetry: Be apprehensive, be cautious, As if on the brink of a deep abyss, As if treading on thin ice. | |
| 《扬子法言》: | 曰：“羊质而虎皮，见草而说，见豺而战，忘其皮之虎矣。” |
| Yangzi said: One who has a sheep's zhi and a tiger's skin sees grass and is happy, sees a jackal and shivers. He forgets he is wearing a tiger's skin. | |
| 《庄子·逍遥游》: | 冬，与越人水战，大败越人，裂地而封之。 |
| And in the winter he had an engagement with that of Yue, on which he inflicted a great defeat, and was invested with a portion of territory taken from Yue. | |
| 《道德经》: | 杀人之衆，以哀悲泣之，战胜以丧礼处之。 |
| He who has killed multitudes of men should weep for them with the bitterest grief; and the victor in battle has his place (rightly) according to those rites. | |
| 《商君书·农战》: | 国之所以兴者，农战也。 |
| The means whereby a country is made prosperous are agriculture and war. | |
| 《孙子兵法·始计》: | 夫未战而庙算胜者，得算多也。 |
| Now the general who wins a battle makes many calculations in his temple ere the battle is fought. | |
| 《史记·五帝本纪》: | 轩辕乃修德振兵，治五气，艺五种，抚万民，度四方，教熊罴貔貅貙虎，以与炎帝战于阪泉之野。 |
| Who practised virtue, marshalled his men, controlled the five elements, cultivated the five kinds of grain, pacified the nations, and went over all parts of his country. Training black bears, grizzly bears, foxes, panthers, lynxes, and tigers, he, with their aid, fought with 'Flame emperor' in the desert of Banquan. | |
| 《荀子·大略》: | 以治伐乱，不待战而后知克。 |
| 《说苑·杂言》: | 战胜攻取，所谓无强敌也。 |
| 《春秋繁露·竹林》: | 《春秋》之常辞也，不予夷狄而予中国为礼，到之战，偏然反之，何也？ |
| 《韩诗外传·卷二》: | 资勇悍者，不以卫上攻战，而反以侵陵私斗。 |
| 《大戴礼记·保傅》: | 阖庐以吴战胜无敌，夫差以见禽于越。 |
| 《白虎通德论·号》: | 《春秋传》曰：“虽文王之战不是过。” |
| 《新书·修政语下》: | 周武王问于王子旦曰：“敢问治有必成，而战有必胜乎？” |
| 《新序·善谋下》: | 今陛下起丰击沛，收卒三千人，以之径往卷蜀汉，定三秦，与项羽大战七十，小战四十，使天下民肝脑涂地，父子暴骨中野，不可胜数，哭泣之声未绝，伤夷者未收，而欲比隆成康周公之时，臣窃以为不侔矣。 |
| 《中论·考伪》: | 昔杨朱、墨翟、申不害、韩非、田骈、公孙龙汩乱乎先王之道，譸张乎战国之世，然非人伦之大患也。 |
| 《孔子家语·致思》: | 子贡复进曰：“赐愿使齐、楚，合战于漭瀁之野，两垒相望，尘埃相接，挺刃交兵。” |
| 《潜夫论·思贤》: | 自春秋之后，战国之制，将权臣，必以亲家。 |
| 《论衡·累害》: | 战栗戒慎，不能避祸。 |
| 《太玄经·中》: | 次二，神战于玄，其陈阴阳。 |
| 《风俗通义》: | 重遭战国，约从连横，好恶殊心，真伪纷争。 |
| 《孔丛子·广言》: | 校、战，交也。 |
| 《申鉴·时事》: | 孝武皇帝以四夷未宾，寇贼奸宄，初置武功赏官，以宠战士。 |
| 《素书·遵义章》: | 战士贫游士富者丧。 |
| 《新语·至德》: | 故宋襄死于泓水之战，三君弑于臣子之手，皆轻用师而尚威力，以至于斯，故《春秋》重而书之，嗟叹而伤之。 |
| 《蔡中郎集·释诲》: | 武夫奋勇，战士讲锐。 |
| 《墨子·经说下》: | 闻战，亦不必其生。 |
| 《列子·黄帝》: | 黄帝与炎帝战于阪泉之野，帅熊、罴、狼、豹、貙、虎为前驱，雕、鶡、鹰、鸢为旗帜，此以力使禽兽者也。 |
| 《鶡冠子·近迭》: | 国被伸创，其发则战，战则是使元元之民往死，邪臣之失莿也。 |
| 《文子·符言》: | 天下虽大，好用兵者亡，国虽安，好战者危，故“小国寡民，使有阡陌之器而勿用。” |
| 《文始真经·三极》: | 师战蚁，置兵。 |
| 《老子河上公章句》: | 战胜，以丧礼处之。 |
| 《韩非子·初见秦》: | 闻战，顿足徒裼，犯白刃，蹈炉炭，断死于前者皆是也。 |
| 《慎子·逸文》: | 市人可驱而战。 |
| 《谏逐客书》: | 使秦无尺土之封，不立子弟为王，功臣为诸侯者，使后无战攻之患。 |
| 《管子·轻重己》: | 获渠当胁𩊆，蓑笠当𢫕橹，故耕械具则战械备矣。 |
| 《吴子·图国》: | 若以备进战退守，而不求能用者，譬犹伏鸡之搏狸，乳犬之犯虎，虽有斗心，随之死矣。 |
| 《六韬·上贤》: | 七害者：一曰：无智略权谋，而以重赏尊爵之，故强勇轻战，侥幸于外，王者慎勿使为将。 |
You can examine all occurrences of this character or phrase in Pre-Qin and Han texts or Post-Han texts on the site.
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