Chinese Text Project Dictionary

Confucianism -> Liji -> Ji Yi -> 10

孝子之祭，可知也，其立之也敬以詘，其進之也敬以愉，其薦之也敬以欲；退而立，如將受命；已徹而退，敬齊之色不絕於面。孝子之祭也，立而不詘，固也；進而不愉，疏也；薦而不欲，不愛也；退立而不如受命，敖也；已徹而退，無敬齊之色，而忘本也。如是而祭，失之矣。

What the sacrifice of a filial son should be can be known. While he is standing (waiting for the service to commence), he should be reverent, with his body somewhat bent; while he is. engaged in carrying forward the service, he should be reverent, with an expression of pleasure; when he is presenting the offerings, he should be reverent, with an expression of desire. He should then retire and stand, as if he were about to receive orders; when he has removed the offerings and (finally) retires, the expression of reverent gravity should continue to be worn on his face. Such is the sacrifice of a filial son. To stand without any inclination of the body would show insensibility; to carry the service forward without an expression of pleasure would show indifference; to present the offerings without an expression of desire (that they may be enjoyed) would show a want of love; to retire and stand without seeming to expect to receive orders would show pride; to retire and stand, after the removal of the offerings, without an expression of reverent gravity would show a forgetfulness of the parent to whom he owes his being. A sacrifice so conducted would be wanting in its proper characteristics.

Character	Composition	Variants	Reading	Meaning	Hanyu	Kangxi	Cihai
孝	子+4		xiào ㄒㄧㄠˋ	filial piety, obedience; mourning	v2,p1011#04	p.278#11	p.398r5c03
子	子+0	㜽𢀈𢀉𡐫𣕓只	zǐ ㄗˇ	Child, heir. Refers to both sons and daughters. / Love, charity. / Respectful term for a man. / People in general. / Fourth of the five levels of nobility. / First of the twelve earthly branches of the zodiac.	v2,p1006#06	p.277#01	p.395r1c01
之	丿+3	㞢	zhī ㄓ	Towards; go to. / Demonstrative pronoun: this, these. / Third person pronoun: him, her, it. / Auxiliary word: of. / Auxiliary word: used between subject and predicate, cancels independence of a clause. / Auxiliary word: used in a sentence for aesthetic purpose only, no meaning.	v1,p0043#01	p.82#04	p.47r2c02
祭	示+6		jì zhài ㄐㄧˋ ㄓㄞˋ	sacrifice to, worship	v4,p2397#07	p.843#07	p.982r1c02
可	口+2	歌厥	kě kè ㄎㄜˇ ㄎㄜˋ	may, can, -able; possibly	v1,p0567#07	p.172#12	p.244r1c02
知	矢+3	𢇻𥎿	zhī ㄓ	Know, understand. / Perception. / Recognize. / Knowledge. / Know about, make sense of. / Be friendly with. / Control, get on top of.	v4,p2581#02	p.824#01	p.955r5c02
			zhì ㄓˋ	Wisdom.
也	乙+2	𠃟匜	yě ㄧㄝˇ	Modal particle used at the end of a sentence, expressing assertion and affirmation. / Modal particle used at the end of a question for emphasis. / Modal particle used at the end of a cause-effect sentence to express explanation. / Modal particle used in the middle of a sentence to express a pause.	v1,p0050#05	p.84#04	p.55r1c01
其	八+6	丌亓	qí ㄑㄧˊ	Third-person possessive pronoun: his, her, its, their. / Demonstrative pronoun: that, those. / Adverb expressing estimation or guess. / Adverb expressing imperative. / Adverb expressing rhetorical question. / Adverb expressing future tense. / Connective expressing hypothesis: if, supposing. / Connective expressing choice: or. / Connective expressing concession: even if. / Particle used after an adjective. / Particle: of. / Particle used for emphasis after single-character adjectives or onomatopoeia. / Particle used in the middle of a sentence to alter the tempo.	v1,p0245#01	p.127#18	p.162r5c01
			jì ㄐㄧˋ	Particle used after bi and he.
			jī ㄐㄧ	Modal particle expressing interrogative tone. / A year.
立	立+0	立	lì ㄌㄧˋ	Stand. / Erect, raise. / Establish, found. / Fix, set. / Determine, decide. / Become independent. / Exist. / Take office. / Become ruler, enthrone. / Stop, prevent from moving. / Immediately.	v4,p2706#01	p.870#17	p.1002r5c01
敬	攴+9	𣀖𢿩	jìng ㄐㄧㄥˋ	respect, honor; respectfully	v2,p1466#02	p.473#35	p.606r5c02
以	人+3	㠯	yǐ ㄧˇ	Use. / Believe. / Command. / Lead. / Connect, implicate. / Have. / Cause, reason. / Preposition: because. / Preposition: from, in. / Preposition: at [some time]. / Preposition: using. / Preposition: in accordance with. / Preposition: relying upon. / Preposition: in the capacity of. / Preposition: with, together with. / Connective: indicates the following action is the objective of the preceding one. / Connective: used between adverbial clause and verb to express modification. / Connective: and. / Connective: but. / Connective: and so, thus. / Particle: used together with some words expressing direction and time. / Modal particle. / Same as 「已(1)」 yǐ ㄧˇ: Stop, discontinue. / Same as 「已(7.2)」 yǐ ㄧˇ: Adverb: already. / Same as 「已(7.3)」 yǐ ㄧˇ: Adverb: extremely.	v1,p0105#07	p.94#01	p.87r6c01
詘	言+5	诎	qū chù qù ㄑㄩㄔㄨˋ ㄑㄩˋ	bend, stoop, crouch; to yield	v6,p3958#06	p.1155#13	p.1241r4c03
進	辵+8	𨙟𨗃进	jìn ㄐㄧㄣˋ	advance, make progress, enter	v6,p3851#05	p.1259#30	p.1322r2c03
愉	心+9	愈	yú tōu ㄩˊ ㄊㄡ	pleasant, delightful; please	v4,p2330#01	p.394#04	p.537r1c01
薦	艸+13	𧲛荐	jiàn ㄐㄧㄢˋ	offer, present; recommend	v5,p3305#11	p.1062#02	p.1169r3c01
欲	欠+7	慾	yù ㄩˋ	desire, want, long for; intend	v3,p2140#07	p.567#36	p.729r4c02
退	辵+6	𨓆𨑧𢓴𢓇𨔫	tuì ㄊㄨㄟˋ	step back, retreat, withdraw	v6,p3834#04	p.1256#14	p.1314r4c01
而	而+0		ér ㄦˊ	Whiskers. / Like, similar to. / Pronoun: you. / Pronoun: this, like this. / Connective: and, with. / Connective: and, then. / Connective: if, supposing. / Connective: yet, however. / Connective: therefore, hence. / Connective: expresses method or state. / Particle: of. / Expressive particle.	v4,p2810#01	p.961#18	p.1080r2c03
			néng ㄋㄥˊ	Same as 「能(3)」 néng ㄋㄥˊ: Able to, competent. / Same as 「能(2.1)」 néng ㄋㄥˊ: Ability, talent.
如	女+3		rú ㄖㄨˊ	Go to. / According to, in accordance with. / Like, similar to. / As good as, comparable to. / Should. / Or, alternatively. / If, should it be the case. / As for, as regards. / Adjectival suffix.	v2,p1025#09	p.255#21	p.378r5c02
將	寸+8	𤕭𢪇将畺	jiāng ㄐㄧㄤ	Take. / Use. / Push forward. / Drive. / Help, support. / Help financially. / Advance, go forward. / Carry out, execute. / Follow. / Comply, submit. / Do, carry out. / Accompany, see off. / Transmit. / Express. / Offer (as a sacrifice). / Look after, raise. / Protect. / Strong, robust. / Long time. / Carry, lead. / Side, beside. / Will, about to. / Close to, almost. / How? / Preposition: with. / Connective: and, with. / Connective: or, otherwise. / Connective: if, supposing. / Particle used after a verb. / A kind of insect.	v4,p2375#10	p.294#16	p.434r1c03
			jiàng ㄐㄧㄤˋ	Command troops. / Military commander. / Appoint as military commander.
			qiāng ㄑㄧㄤ	Please, humbly request. / [Onomatopoeia]
			zāng ㄗㄤ	Female sheep.
受	又+6	𠭧	shòu ㄕㄡˋ	receive, accept, get; bear, stand	v1,p0396#02	p.166#05	p.236r5c01
命	口+5		mìng ㄇㄧㄥˋ	Order, command. / Written order, commandment. / Send (on a mission), dispatch. / A (diplomatic) mission. / Force, make do. / Instruct, tell. / Gift given by a ruler to his ministers by rank. / Will of heaven. / Fate. / Life, lifespan. / Call, name, assign a name to. / Know for certain.	v1,p0604#11	p.183#18	p.266r6c01
已	己+0		yǐ ㄧˇ	Stop, discontinue. / Complete / The past. / Recover, be cured. / Leave [a post], retire. / Value and carry out. / Adverb: shortly, before long. / Adverb: already. / Adverb: extremely. / Modal particle used at the end of a sentence. / Interjection. / Same as 「以(1)」 yǐ ㄧˇ: Use. / Same as 「以(9)」 yǐ ㄧˇ: Particle: used together with some words expressing direction and time.	v2,p0984#01	p.326#11	p.467r3c01
徹	彳+12	𢖉𢕹澈𦔞彻	chè ㄔㄜˋ	penetrate, pervade; penetrating	v2,p0844#07	p.371#10	p.519r6c01
齊	齊+0	亝斉斋齋齐	qí ㄑㄧˊ	Orderly, uniform. / Together, along with. / Equal, the same. / Level, of equal height. / Regulate, put in order. / Order, command. / Complete, entire. / Very fast, nimble. / Limit, boundary. / To limit, to impose a boundary on. / Distinguish, separate. / Navel, bellybutton. / Central. / Swirl, vortex. / The pre-Qin state of Qi.	v7,p4783#01	p.1531#06	p.1569r4c01
			jī ㄐㄧ	Rise up, climb. / Preserved vegetables.
			jì ㄐㄧˋ	Blend, mix together, prepare (medicine). / Condiments. / Medicine. / Portion, dose. / Proportion of metal in an alloy.
			jiǎn ㄐㄧㄢˇ	Cut off.
			zhāi ㄓㄞ	Fast, abstain from meat, wine, etc. / Solemnity. / Dignified, respectful.
			zī ㄗ	Lower hem of an item of clothing. / Raise the lower part of the funeral dress.
色	色+0	𢒸	sè ㄙㄜˋ	Colour. / [Facial] appearance, countenance. / Become angry. / Feminine beauty. / Appearance.	v5,p3071#01	p.1014#02	p.1120r1c01
不	一+3	不𠀚𠙐	bù ㄅㄨˋ	Not have. / To not be. / Negational adverb, used before verbs, adjectives, etc. to indicate negation. / Negational adverb expressing prohibition: do not. / Negational adverb expressing rhetorical question: is not...?	v1,p0011#06	p.76#15	p.30r1c01
			fǒu ㄈㄡˇ	Same as 「否(1.2)」 fǒu ㄈㄡˇ: Adverb used together with an affirmative word, expressing its negative or opposite. / Same as 「否(1.3)」 fǒu ㄈㄡˇ: Adverb used at the end of a question to form a yes-no question.
			fū ㄈㄨ	Sepal of a flower.
			pī ㄆㄧ	Same as 「丕(1)」 pī ㄆㄧ: Large.
			bǐ ㄅㄧˇ	Show disdain for.
絕	糸+6	𢇍𠤉绝	jué ㄐㄩㄝˊ	cut, sever, break off, terminate	v5,p3396#04	p.922#04	p.1041r6c02
於	方+4	烏𣱏𤕘于亏扵	yú ㄩˊ	Be (copula). / Be, exist. / Preposition: in. / Preposition: from or to. / Preposition: compared to. / Preposition: to, for, towards. / Preposition: by (indicating passive tense). / Preposition: with, using. / Preposition: due to, because of. / Preposition: by, according to. / Connective: just as. / Auxiliary word, no meaning.	v3,p2175#02	p.481#11	p.622r2c03
面	面+0	麵	miàn ㄇㄧㄢˋ	face; surface; plane; side, dimension	v7,p4398#01	p.1383#07	p.1465r2c01
固	囗+5	怘	gù ㄍㄨˋ	to become solid, solidify; strength	v1,p0716#09	p.218#03	p.302r5c04
疏	疋+7	疎	shū shù ㄕㄨㄕㄨˋ	neglect; careless, lax	v4,p2750#02	p.767#23	p.919r1c05
愛	心+9	𤔤𢟪𢛭爱	ài ㄞˋ	love, be fond of, like	v4,p2323#01	p.395#13	p.538r1c01
敖	攴+7		áo ào ㄠˊ ㄠˋ	ramble, play about; leisurely; surname	v2,p1456#13	p.471#14	p.604r5c01
無	火+8	𣟒𣚨𠘩无橆	wú ㄨˊ	Not have. / Philosophical category referring to absence, non-existence, or vacuity. / Adverb expressing negation: not. / Adverb expressing questioning: or not. / Connective: regardless of. / Connective: even if. / Particle used at the beginning of a sentence, no meaning. / Do not. / Barren, uncultivated.	v3,p2211#15	p.673#26	p.848r2c04
忘	心+3		wàng wáng ㄨㄤˋ ㄨㄤˊ	forget; neglect; miss, omit	v4,p2270#09	p.376#24
本	木+1	夲楍㮺𡴡	běn ㄅㄣˇ	root, origin, source; basis	v2,p1151#01	p.509#07	p.666r3c01
是	日+5	昰𣆞	shì ㄕˋ	Straight. / Right, correct. / Believe accurate, affirm. / Demonstrative pronoun: this. / Be (copula). / Auxiliary word, used after moving forward the object.	v2,p1497#05	p.493#26	p.639r1c01
失	大+2		shī ㄕ	lose; make mistake, neglect	v1,p0525#01	p.249#09	p.368r3c01
矣	矢+2	𠤘	yǐ ㄧˇ	Modal particle used to express declaration. / Modal particle used to express exclamation. / Modal particle used to express an order or request.	v4,p2580#04	p.823#37	p.955r5c01

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