生平

夏完淳为抗清烈士夏允彝之子，师从陈子龙。自幼聪慧，时人有神童之誉，「五岁知五经，七岁能诗文」，十四岁随父夏允彝抗清。夏允彝兵败自杀后，夏完淳和陈子龙继续抗清，鲁王监国封为中书舍人，参谋太湖吴昜军事，吴昜失败后，仍为抗清而奔走。顺治四年（1647年）兵败被俘，该年九月十九日不屈而死，年仅十七岁。殉国前有《狱中上母书》。

身后留有妻子钱秦篆（钱彦林之女，钱熙、钱默之妹）和女儿以及遗腹子，出世后夭折，家绝嗣。夏允彝、夏完淳父子合葬墓今存于上海市松江区小昆山镇荡湾村华夏公墓旁。

著作

著有《南冠草》、《续幸存录》、《玉樊堂集》、《内史集》等，其中夏完淳向嫡母与生母诀别的《狱中上母书》被选为台湾的高中国文教科书。

讥讽洪承畴

夏完淳十七岁被捕，由投降清朝的洪承畴（号亨九）亲自审讯，洪承畴想要保全夏完淳性命，说：「小孩子懂甚么东西，怎可能起兵造反。只是误入叛贼之中而已。现在归顺的话，不会让你没官可作。」夏完淳故意说：「我听说洪亨九先生，是本朝的伟人，在松锦之战阵亡殉国，鲜血都溅到水鸟之上。先帝震惊哀悼，给予褒扬抚恤，此事感动中华与四夷。我常常思慕亨九的忠烈，我年纪虽小，杀身报国这种事，当然是当仁不让！」旁边的士兵以为夏完淳不认识洪承畴，提醒他：「上面坐的就是洪亨九大人。」夏完淳怒斥道：「洪亨九先生殉于王事已久，天下没有人不知道的，还曾经御祭七坛（其实是九坛），天子亲临，泪满龙颜，群臣都跟著哭了。你们是甚么逆党，敢假托洪亨九之名，污蔑他的忠魂！」洪承畴保全不得，只好将他处斩。夏完淳遂就义于金陵西市，年仅十七。行刑时，傲然挺立，拒不下跪。葬于松江城西。其叔父夏之旭在当地孔庙痛哭，上吊自尽殉国。

评价

• 柳亚子《题夏内史集》第5首：「悲歌慷慨千秋血，文采风流一世宗。我亦年华垂二九，头颅如许负英雄。」

注释

Biography

Xia Wanchun established himself as a prodigious poet from a young age. He began writing poetry at age seven and was a disciple of Chen Zilong. At age nine, Xia could already produce fu verses in the ancient style. Xia's ci poems are noted for their "enthusiasm and pathos", with one such poem titled "Plucking Mulberries" reading:

At age 15, alongside his father, Xia joined the army in its anti-Qing campaign. He wrote of the fallen Ming soldiers: "Men of wisdom are dispersed like clouds, the state lies in ruins, alas! I have written eighteen jueju poems, and the pathos of these short songs exceeds that of any long lament. Only those endowed with qing are able to speak like this!" Like his father, Xia was killed by Manchu soldiers.