白行简（776年 - 826年），字知退，太原人，唐代文学家。著名文学家白居易之弟。元和二年（807）进士，授秘书省校书郎，累迁司门员外郎，主客郎中，又曾任度支郎中，膳部郎中等职。白行简以写作传奇著称，有《李娃传》等名篇。著有文集10卷，文辞简易，有其兄风格。

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Bai Xingjian (白行简 Bái Xíngjiǎn or Bó Xíngjiǎn, 776–826) was a Chinese novelist, poet, and short story writer. He was a younger brother of the famed poet Bai Juyi.

One of his most famous works is the novella The Tale of Li Wa. It has been translated into English many times:

• by Arthur Waley in More Translations from the Chinese (1919) — as "The Story of Miss Li".

• by Yang Xianyi and Gladys Yang in The Dragon King's Daughter: Ten T'ang Dynasty Stories (1962) — as "Story of a Singsong Girl".

• by Glen Dudbridge in The Tale of Li Wa: Study and Critical Edition of a Chinese Story from the Ninth Century (1983).

It was also translated into many other languages, for example German by Franz Kuhn and French by André Lévy. He is also believed to have written the poem "Tiandi yinyang jiaohuan dalefu".