阔端（Köden，《史集》 كوتان Kūtān，1206年—1247年或1251年），元太宗窝阔台第二子，忽帖尼皇后所生。

1235年，蒙古帝国分兵三道伐南宋，阔端将大军从秦、巩入蜀。十一月，攻石门，金将汪世显降蒙。当时金朝亡两年，都总管郭虾蟆据金州、兰州、定州、会州四州，坚守不下。阔端派裨将按竺迩攻克会州，郭斌死，三州降。遂入南宋沔州，俘获知州高稼。

1236年，大举伐蜀，阔端率汪世显出大散关，分兵命末哥率领按竺迩等出阴平会师成都。九月，阔端与宋朝利州统制曹友闻在阳平关大战，获胜，招降利州路、潼川府路。十月，入成都。1239年，蒙古回师，成都被南宋收复。1241年，阔端再派汪世显，按竺迩等袭克成都府。当年，元太宗去世，乃马真后称制，蒙古停止攻势。1242年，宋朝命余玠为四川安抚制置大使，收复了蒙军占领的部分州县。宋军坚守，蒙军停止进攻。

阔端到西凉府（凉州，今中国甘肃武威市）开府，承制行专封拜。听从河西（西夏）人高智耀的建议，消除儒生的役籍。1246年，其兄贵由即位。1247年，吐蕃诸部宗教界领袖萨迦班智达·贡嘎坚赞（属于萨迦派，简称萨班）与阔端在凉州议定了吐蕃归附的条件，其中包括呈献图册，交纳贡物，接受派官设治，吐蕃地区纳入大蒙古国（蒙古帝国）治下，史称「凉州会盟」。

阔端去世时，西域女巫法提玛用巫蛊术诅咒阔端，撒马尔罕人希雷揭发其事，阔端临死也遣使禀告大汗自己为法提玛所害。经丞相镇海审理，法提玛被处以极刑。不久，又有人告希雷厌禳诅咒皇子忽察，希雷也伏诛。

阔端五子：灭里吉歹、蒙哥都、只必帖木儿、帖必烈、曲烈鲁（后裔为别帖木儿 (汾阳王)、也速不坚）。其女卜鲁罕、八不叉嫁高昌回鹘亦都护纽林·的斤，孙女朵儿只思蛮嫁给高昌王帖睦尔普化（八卜叉之子）。

显示更多...: 注释   延伸阅读  

Godan (阔端), also romanized as Koden and Khodan, (1206–1251) was a grandson of Genghis Khan. Godan administered much of Northern China (Cathay) before Kublai Khan came to power. He was the second son of Ögedei Khan and Töregene Khatun and a brother of Güyük Khan. He is broadly known as Godan Khan, even though he did not have the monarchical title of khan. Godan ordered the invasion of Tibet, led by Doord Darkhan (known as Doorta) in 1240.

In 1247 at the request of Godan, Sakya Pandita and his two nephews served as delegates of Tibet's political leadership at the suggestion of the Abbot of Reting Monastery, when Sakya Pandita arrived at Godan's court he cured Godan of an illness, and Godan then became his disciple and converted to Buddhism and learned the Tantras; thus began the special relationship that eventually made the Sakyapas rulers of Tibet. In addition, Sakya Pandita with the aid of his nephew Drogön Chögyal Phagpa were encouraged by Godan to invent a Mongolian script, called 'Phags-pa script named after its inventor.