朱标(1355年10月10日 - 1392年),明太祖
朱元璋嫡长子,
建文帝朱允炆之父,
明成祖朱棣之兄。明朝建立时即被册封为皇太子,然于洪武二十五年巡西安府回京后骤然病逝。
显示更多...: 生平 家庭 逝世成因 影视形象 延伸阅读
生平
元至正十五年,朱标生于太平陈迪家。1364年(元顺帝至正二十四年),朱元璋由李善长等人劝进即吴王位后,立朱标为世子,从学于宋濂。
1368年(明洪武元年),朱元璋即皇帝位,立嫡长子朱标为皇太子。明太祖对朱标极其爱护,命詹同考历代东宫官制,并选拔功勋道德老成者兼领东宫,辅导太子。其中左丞相李善长兼太子少师,右丞相徐达兼太子少傅,中书平章录军国重事常遇春兼太子少保,右都督冯宗异兼右詹事,中书平章政事胡廷瑞、廖永忠、李伯升兼同知詹事院事,中书左、右丞赵庸、王溥兼副詹事,中书参政杨宪兼詹事丞,傅瓛兼詹事,同知大都督康茂才、张兴祖兼左右率府使,大都督府副使顾时、孙兴祖同知左右率府事等,不再与东宫外另设府僚,意在朱元璋外出征战期间,由太子监国、方便各将军丞相辅佐。
洪武十年后,各政事奏令均先由太子处分,再呈上明太祖,以训练其治理天下的能力。太子朱标温文儒雅,政见常与其父相左,朱标常劝谏其父对大臣与吏员的责罚过于严厉,导致父子二人的关系偶显紧张,但朱标的太子地位终生没被动摇。
洪武二十四年八月,朱元璋派遣朱标巡抚陕西,以「省观风俗,慰劳秦民」,同年十一月还自陕西。
洪武二十五年,自秦中视察返京,患病,先于太祖去世,终年36岁,未即皇位,諡懿文太子。发丧之日,朱元璋痛哭不已。丧期已过,朱元璋仍不忍除去丧服,经礼官劝说,方才上朝议政,并下旨将太子陪葬在自己皇陵之东。朱标庶长子明惠帝即位后追諡为和天敬道宪懿勤敏淳文度武明仁慈孝康皇帝、庙号兴宗,明成祖靖难以后复称懿文太子。南明弘光元年(1645年),明安宗重新追复为孝康皇帝、庙号兴宗。
朱标葬于南京明孝陵东侧。惠宗所上陵号已无考,朱棣登基后改其名为「懿文太子园寝」,世人称之为「东陵」。21世纪初,东陵墓道被发现。
家庭
朱标系谱名行辈:允文遵祖训,钦武大君胜。顺道宜逢吉,师良善用晟。
逝世成因
《明史》记载,朱标因病去世。但在《皇明书》中郑端简认为,朱标的去世与詹徽有关。南开大学历史学教授余新忠则认为,朱标的死因在于与朱元璋政见不合、矛盾日益激烈而导致精神压力过大。
影视形象
• 香港电视连续剧
• 《游侠张三丰》张国荣饰演
• 《大明群英》潘文柏饰演
• 台湾电视连续剧《神机妙算刘伯温》马幼兴饰演
• 中国大陆电视连续剧
• 《朱元璋》黄河饰演
• 《帝王之旅》陈宝国饰演
• 《朱元璋》侯祥玲饰演
• 《大明天子》潘高锋饰演
• 《传奇皇帝朱元璋》潘粤明饰演
• 《大槐树》杨紫茳饰演
• 《洪武大案》张进饰演
• 《英雄诀》李荣波饰演
• 《山河月明》何晟铭饰演
延伸阅读
以上介绍摘自维基百科;若有错漏,敬请在维基百科上修改
来源条目。
Zhu Biao (10 October 1355 17 May 1392) was the eldest son of the
Hongwu Emperor, the founder of the
Ming dynasty. Upon the establishment of the Ming dynasty in 1368, Zhu Biao was appointed as crown prince. In order to prepare for his future reign, he received a comprehensive Confucian education. However, he died at the young age of thirty-eight in 1392, during his father's lifetime. He was succeeded by his eldest surviving son,
Zhu Yunwen, who ascended the throne six years later as the Jianwen Emperor.
Zhu Biao was born in Taiping (present-day Anhui), the seat of Zhu Yuanzhang at the time, and was his first son. In 1364, when his father declared himself King of Wu, he named Zhu Biao as his heir. After Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor of the Ming dynasty, Zhu Biao was given the title of crown prince (, huang taizi). He received an intensive education in Confucian teachings under the guidance of Song Lian and grew up to be an educated and humane politician, similar in these qualities to his mother. From 1377, he actively participated in the emperor's meetings with ministers and played a role in the day-to-day management of the state.
Zhu Biao's first wife was the daughter of Chang Yuchun. They married in 1371 and had two sons, Zhu Xiongying (1374–1382) and Zhu Yuntong (1377–1417). His second wife was the daughter of Lü Ben (; d. 1382), a Yuan official who had joined Zhu Yuanzhang early in his rise. They had three sons, Zhu Yunwen (the Jianwen Emperor), Zhu Yunjian (d. 1402), and Zhu Yunxi (1391–1406).
In September 1391, Zhu Biao was sent to inspect the province of Shaanxi with the task of considering moving the capital to Chang'an (present-day Xi'an). He returned from his journey at the end of the year, but before any measures could be taken, he fell ill in January 1392 and died a few months later. He was buried in a mausoleum at the foot of Zhong Mountain on the outskirts of Nanjing.
After his death, his eldest son Zhu Yunwen became the crown prince and posthumously named him emperor after ascending the throne. However, the third Ming emperor, the Yongle Emperor, overthrew the Jianwen Emperor and abolished the imperial status of Zhu Biao. It was not until two centuries later, in 1644, that Zhu Biao was once again posthumously promoted to emperor.
显示更多...: Generation poem Family Consorts and issue
Generation poem
After his first son, Zhu Xiongying, Zhu Biao followed the practice of including a generation name into the personal names of his other children. The names followed a generation poem:
:Yun Wen Zun Zu Xun
:Qin Wu Da Jun Sheng
:Shun Dao Yi Feng Ji
:Shi Liang Shan Yong Cheng
:
:
:
:
This poem was intended to govern the first character of the personal names of the next twenty emperors of the Ming dynasty. However, only the first two were officially used. After the usurpation of the Prince of Yan, the Jianwen Emperor was said to have died in a fire. His surviving children were either killed or kept in isolation to prevent rivals from taking the throne. Similarly, the younger sons of Zhu Biao were also kept under house arrest or killed. During the Republic of China, politician Wang Pixu wrote a county chronicle for Laiyang, in which he recorded that Zhu Yuntong had many descendants there through his son Zhu Wenkun.
Family
Consorts and issue
• Empress Xiaokang, of the Chang clan (; 1355–1378)
• Zhu Xiongying, Prince Huai of Yu (; 1 December 1374 – 12 June 1382), first son
• Zhu Yuntong, Prince Dao of Wu (; 29 November 1378 – 1 September 1417), third son
• Crown Princess Yiwen, of the Lü clan (; 1359–1412)
• Zhu Yunwen, the Jianwen Emperor (; b. 5 December 1377), second son
• Zhu Yunjian, Prince Min of Heng (; 27 July 1385 – 1402), fourth son
• Zhu Yunxi, Prince Jian of Xu (; 13 July 1391 – 3 February 1407), fifth son
• Unknown
• Princess Jiangdu, first daughter
• Married Geng Xuan, the first son of Geng Bingwen, in 1394
• Princess Yilun, second daughter
• Married Yu Li in 1417
• Third daughter
• Princess Nanping (; d. 1412), fourth daughter
以上介绍摘自维基百科;若有错漏,敬请在维基百科上修改
来源条目。