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陆康[查看正文] [修改] [查看历史]ctext:766121
关系 | 对象 | 文献依据 |
---|---|---|
type | person | |
name | 陆康 | |
born | 126 | |
died | 195 | |
authority-cbdb | 33661 | |
authority-wikidata | Q3818137 | |
link-wikipedia_zh | 陆康 | |
link-wikipedia_en | Lu_Kang_(Han_dynasty) |
生平
陆康年轻时就有义烈之名。最早先受扬州刺史臧旻推举为茂才,然后出任高成县令(在今河北省盐山县一带)。由于高成县地处偏远,当地治安很乱,每户人家都备有弓弩,而每次县令一到,首先就徵发民力修建城墙。陆康到任后,将这些人遣散,百姓大悦,又以树立恩信为方法,连盗贼都逐渐被收服了。州郡上表彰他的功绩,于光和元年(178年)升任武陵太守,后来又转任桂阳、乐安两地,所到之处都得到称赞。
之后,汉灵帝为了要铸造铜人,大幅加徵税收,百姓贫苦。陆康上表劝谏,被宦官误谗为诽谤圣明的大不敬,幸而御史刘岱仔细研究了表文后,上奏解释,才只以罢官返乡论处。不过之后,朝廷又重新徵召了陆康,担任议郎。
此时庐江郡出现盗贼黄穰等人,连结江夏等地的势力,多达十馀万,攻陷了四个县。朝廷于是任命陆康为庐江太守。陆康就任后,赏罚分明,击破了黄穰等,其它残馀也纷纷归降。汉灵帝表彰了陆康的功绩,封陆康之孙陆尚为郎中。汉献帝继位后,天下大乱,陆康冒险派遣孝廉进贡朝廷,被加封忠义将军,秩达中二千石,已经是九卿级别。
当时,袁术的割据势力屯重兵在邻郡九江郡的郡治-寿春,袁因为军队缺粮,向陆康索要米三万斛。陆康认为袁术是叛逆,闭门不与之来往,而且整修战备准备迎敌。袁术大怒,派遣孙策攻打陆康,将庐江城池层层包围。陆康率军队固守,手下士兵之前有休假外出的,闻讯皆返庐江,乘夜爬城墙回来帮助守卫。陆康一直坚守了二年,城池才陷落。之后月余,他就病逝,时年70岁。陆康宗族百馀人,逢此战乱及饥荒,死了近一半。
家庭
• 祖父:陆续,载于《后汉书·独行列传》。
• 父亲:陆褒,「有志操」,朝廷多次徵召为官都不就。
• 兄长:陆纡,字叔盘,东汉城门校尉,敏淑有思学。陆纡子九江都尉陆骏,字季才。陆骏子陆逊。
• 子:陆儁,陆康死后朝廷追念功绩加封为郎中。
• 女:陆氏,顾雍妻。
• 孙:陆尚,因陆康平定庐江之功被封为郎中。
• 从孙:陆逊,自幼丧亲而跟随陆康居住,比陆绩还年长,东吴名将。
动漫游戏
• 《火凤燎原》(陈某):并登场,剧情设定于孙策投袁术时,并奉命攻打卢江,孙策以五日时间破城,其后陆康被伪装成孙策之凌操所杀害。
评价
• 范晔《后汉书》:「伋牧朔籓,信立童昏。诗守南楚,民作谣言。奋驰单乘,堪驾毁辕。范得其朋,堂任良肱。二苏劲烈,羊、贾廉能。季宁拒策,城陨冲輣。」
参考
• 《后汉书·郭杜孔张廉王苏羊贾陆列传第二十一》
• 《三国志·孙破虏讨逆传》
显示更多...: Life Family and relatives
Life
Lu Kang was from Wu County, Wu Commandery, which is in present-day Suzhou, Jiangsu. His grandfather, Lu Xu (陆续), served as a minor officer in a commandery in the early Eastern Han dynasty. When the prince Liu Ying plotted to overthrow Emperor Ming, Lu Xu was implicated, arrested and tortured. Emperor Ming eventually pardoned Lu Xu but placed him under permanent house arrest. Lu Xu died of old age. Lu Kang's father, Lu Bao (陆襃), had a reputation for his morally upright character. The Han government repeatedly asked Lu Bao to join the civil service but he refused.
Lu Kang was already known for being virtuous and diligent at a young age. He was nominated by Wu Commandery's Administrator, Li Su (李肃), as a xiaolian (civil service candidate), and was appointed as a minor officer in Wu Commandery. After Li Su was executed for committing some offence(s), Lu Kang collected Li's body, brought back to Li's home in Yingchuan Commandery (颍川郡) for burial, and mourned Li's death. Zang Min (臧旻), the Inspector of Yang Province, nominated him as a maocai (茂才), so Lu Kang was appointed as the Prefect (令) of Gaocheng County (高成县; around present-day Yanshan County, Hebei). Gaocheng County was very remote and its security was poor. Every household in the county was armed with bows and arrows. When the previous Prefects entered office, they made the locals build and repair the city walls. After arriving in Gaocheng County, Lu Kang freed the labourers and governed the county so well that the people were very pleased with him and even criminal activity ceased in the county. The commandery office reported Lu Kang's achievements to the Han imperial court. In 178, during the reign of Emperor Ling, Lu Kang was promoted to serve as the Administrator (太守) of Wuling Commandery (武陵郡; around present-day Changde, Hunan). Later, he was reassigned to be the Administrator of Guiyang (桂阳; around present-day Chenzhou, Hunan) and Le'an (乐安; around present-day Zibo, Shandong) commanderies. He governed his jurisdictions well.
Around the time, Emperor Ling wanted to build bronze statues but realised that the imperial treasury was unable to support his spending, so he issued a decree to increase taxes and recruit labour from the masses. Lu Kang observed that the people were already suffering from natural disasters such as floods and droughts, so he wrote a memorial to Emperor Ling, advising him against constructing the bronze statues and urging him to relieve the people's burdens. The eunuchs (Emperor Ling's close aides) accused Lu Kang of defaming the emperor and showing disrespect in the memorial, so Lu was arrested and brought to the office of the Minister of Justice (廷尉) for questioning. Liu Dai, an Imperial Clerk (侍御史), carefully examined Lu Kang's case and wrote to the imperial court to explain matters for Lu and clear his name. Lu Kang was released but was dismissed from office and sent home. However, not long later, he was recalled back to the court to serve as a Consultant (议郎).
Around 180, Huang Rang (黄穰), a bandit chief from Lujiang Commandery (庐江; around present-day Lu'an, Anhui), allied with tribals from Jiangxia Commandery (江夏; around present-day Xinzhou District, Wuhan, Hubei) and formed an army of over 100,000 men. They attacked and conquered four counties in the region. After Lu Kang assumed office as the Administrator of Lujiang Commandery, he was tasked with suppressing Huang Rang's rebellion. While in office, he upheld law and order and succeeded in defeating Huang Rang and forcing Huang's forces into surrender. He received praise from the imperial court for his achievement. By the time Emperor Xian came to the throne in the 190s, the Han Empire was already in a state of chaos as the central government was weak and various warlords were fighting for power. Lu Kang was aware of the high risks involved in paying tribute to the emperor, because his convoy might be attacked and robbed along the way to the capital. In spite of this, he ordered his men to escort the tribute to the capital and they succeeded. Emperor Xian issued a decree to praise Lu Kang, promote him to General of Loyalty and Righteousness (忠义将军), and increase his income to 2,000 dan (石).
Around the time, the warlord Yuan Shu had garrisoned his forces in Shouchun (寿春; present-day Shou County, Anhui) and was planning to attack Xu Province. When he realised he was running short of supplies, he sent a messenger to Lujiang Commandery to request 30,000 hu (斛) of grain from Lu Kang. Lu Kang saw Yuan Shu as a traitor and refused to have any contact with him. He also fortified Lujiang's defences and prepared for war. Yuan Shu was angered and he sent Sun Ce to lead an army to attack Lujiang Commandery. Sun Ce had a personal vendetta against Lu Kang because he once visited Lu, but Lu refused to meet him in person, and instead sent a Registrar (主簿) to meet him. Sun Ce's forces besieged Lujiang Commandery but Lu Kang's troops held their ground. Some of Lu Kang's subordinates and soldiers who were on leave returned to Lujiang Commandery and made their way back into the city under the cover of night to help Lu Kang defend the city. Lujiang Commandery fell to Sun Ce's forces after a siege that lasted two years. Lu Kang died of illness at the age of 70 (by East Asian age reckoning) during the siege.
Family and relatives
Lu Kang's family and kin comprised some 100 members. Over half of them died of starvation or in war during the chaos towards the end of the Han dynasty.
Lu Kang had two known sons. The elder one, Lu Jun (陆儁), was appointed as a Gentleman (郎中) by the Han imperial court in recognition of Lu Kang's unwavering loyalty to the Han Empire during the siege of Lujiang. The younger one, Lu Ji, was a scholar who came to serve under the warlord Sun Quan as the Administrator of Yulin Commandery (郁林郡). Lu Ji was also one of the 24 Filial Exemplars. Lu Kang also had a daughter who married Gu Yong.
One of Lu Kang's grandsons, Lu Shang (陆尚), was also appointed as a Gentleman (郎中) by the Han court in recognition of Lu Kang's success in suppressing Huang Rang's rebellion.
Lu Kang was a granduncle of Lu Xun. He raised Lu Xun, who was orphaned at a young age. When Yuan Shu's forces (led by Sun Ce) were about to attack Lujiang, Lu Kang sent Lu Xun and his family members back to their home in Wu County for their safety. After Lu Kang's death, Lu Xun became the new head of the family because he was much older than Lu Kang's son Lu Ji, even though Lu Ji was one generation older than him.
文献资料 | 引用次数 |
---|---|
两汉三国学案 | 2 |
御定渊鉴类函 | 2 |
万姓统谱 | 2 |
江南通志 | 2 |
畿辅通志 | 2 |
史传三编 | 2 |
通志 | 2 |
后汉书 | 3 |
御批历代通鉴辑览 | 2 |
白孔六帖 | 2 |
册府元龟 | 4 |
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