, which ruled northern China between the 12th and 13th centuries. He reigned from 20 January 1189 to 29 December 1208.
Life
Emperor Zhangzong was the sixth emperor of the Jin dynasty. He inherited the throne from his grandfather, Emperor Shizong and was succeeded by Wanyan Yongji.
To some extent, Emperor Zhangzong continued his grandfather's policy of encouraging intensive use of the Jurchen language and promotion of Jurchen customs. He forbade wearing of Han Chinese clothes and required his subjects to perform the Jurchen kowtow ceremony. He required his meng'an and mouke (Jurchen hereditary feudal nobility) to take an archery test if they wanted to sit for a jinshi examination. On the other hand, he permitted Jurchens to follow Han Chinese funeral practices, and Tang and Song dynasty rituals are known to have been performed at his court in 1194.
Resuming one of the projects of the Prince of Hailing, Emperor Zhangzong established Confucian temples in all prefectures and counties of his empire.
Emperor Zhangzong ordered the construction of the Taiye Lake in Beijing for him to go fishing. Unlike his grandfather, Emperor Zhangzong did not consider hunting as a natural and necessary way of military training but viewed it as recreation.
Emperor Zhangzong's favorite concubine was Li Shi'er (李师儿). Zhangzong once romanced Concubine Li on Qiong Island (琼岛), where Concubine Li said that the emperor was like the sun (日), while she was the moon (月). Together, they make the character for "bright" (明). Emperor Zhangzong in his later years began to spoil Concubine Li and gave her family members positions in the government, while ignoring his duties as the emperor. As such, the Jin Empire began to decline during his reign.
Song invasion of the Jin
When, in 1206, the troops of the Southern Song chancellor Han Tuozhou invaded the Jin dynasty, trying to reunify China from the south, Emperor Zhangzong's armies defeated the invaders.
The conflict began when the Song were informed of Jurchen troubles with the rising Mongols and natural disasters. The Song began provoking Emperor Zhangzong in 1204 and onward by orchestrating raids on Jin settlements. The fighting continued to escalate, partly aggravated by Song officials in support of revanchism, and war against the Jin dynasty was officially declared on June 14, 1206.
The Song advance was impeded by Jin military successes and declining soldier morale that forced many to desert. By the fall of 1206, multiple towns and military bases had been captured by the Jurchens. Neither side was willing to continue fighting, and a peace treaty was signed on November 2, 1208. To obtain peace, the Song dynasty had to yield territory, pay an indemnity, and execute their hawkish chancellor. The Song dynasty was obligated to pay an annual tribute of 50,000 taels of silver and 50,000 packs of fabric. They also delivered the severed head of the minister who had instigated the war to the Jurchens.
Family
• Father: Hutuwa (胡土瓦), sinicized name Wanyan Yungong (完颜允恭), Emperor Shizong's second son and heir apparent, posthumously honored as Emperor Xianzong (金显宗)
• Mother: Lady Tudan (徒单氏), posthumously honored as Empress Xiaoyi (孝懿皇后)
• Spouse: Lady Pucha (蒲察氏), posthumously honored as Empress Qinhuai (钦怀皇后), bore Wanyan Hongyu
• Concubines:
• Li Shi'er (李师儿), Consort Yuan (元妃), bore Telin
• Lady Jiagu (夹谷氏), Zhaoyi (昭仪), Jiagu Qingchen's (夹谷清臣) daughter
• Lady Lin (林氏), Lady Ziming (资明夫人), bore Wanyan Hongjing
• Lady Jia (贾氏), Chengyu (承御)
• Lady Fan (范氏), Chengyu (承御), bore the Princess of Shun
• Children:
• Wanyan Hongyu (完颜洪裕), Prince of Jiang (绛王)
• Telin (忒邻), Prince of Ge (葛王)
• Ahulan (阿虎懒), sinicized name Wanyan Hongjing (完颜洪靖), Prince of Jing (荆王)
• Elubu (讹鲁不), sinicized name Wanyan Hongxi (完颜洪熙), Prince of Rong (荣王)
• Sagai (撒改), sinicized name Wanyan Hongyan (完颜洪衍), Prince of Ying (英王)
• Elun (讹论), sinicized name Wanyan Honghui (完颜洪辉), Prince of Shou (寿王)
• Princess of Shun (顺国公主)
金章宗完颜璟（1168年8月31日（农历七月二十七） - 1208年），女真名麻达葛，金朝第6位皇帝（1189年1月20日—1208年12月29日在位），在位19年，享年41岁。章宗为金世宗完颜雍之嫡孙，其在位期间修订国内律法，政治清明，世称明昌之治。章宗统治下的金朝文化发展达至顶峰，但同时军事能力却也日益低下，蒙古帝国也于同时崛起。