石鉴（？ - 350年），字大郎，一作大朗，十六国时期后赵国君主，为石虎第三子，石遵、石世之兄。后赵建平三年（333年），后赵帝石勒去世，石虎掌控大权，石鉴当时被封为代王。建武三年（337年），石虎改称天王后，被降封为义阳公。

建武五年（339年）九月，东晋征西将军庾亮镇武昌，让豫州刺史毛宝、西阳太守樊峻以一万精兵戍守邾城。石虎厌恶晋军如此动向，以夔安为大都督，率石鉴、养孙石闵、李农、张贺度、李菟五将军及兵五万人攻打荆、扬北境，以二万骑攻邾城。张贺度攻陷邾城，杀死六千人，又败毛宝于邾西，杀死万馀人。赵军进犯江夏、义阳，毛宝、樊峻及东晋义阳太守郑进皆死。夔安等进围石城，被竟陵太守李阳所破才退兵。

太宁元年（349年），石虎称帝后，再被进封为义阳王。

石鉴在镇守关中的时候，赋役繁重，文武官员只要头发长得比较长，就会被拔下来做帽带，有剩下的会给宫女，曾因为这种荒唐的行径，被石虎召回都城邺城（今河北临漳县）。

太宁元年（349年），石遵废皇帝石世，自登帝位，石鉴被命为侍中、太傅。石遵因石闵有叛变之意，召两位兄弟石鉴、乐平王石苞与太后郑樱桃等人商议，不料会后石鉴出卖其他人，将此事告知石闵。不久，石闵即率军入宫，杀石遵，石鉴因此被拥立为帝。石遵被杀时说：「我尚且如此，石鉴能长久吗？」

然而石鉴登位后，处处受制于大将军石闵，于是派石苞和将军李松、张才暗杀之，然而却事败，他装作自己不知情，杀死石苞三人；后又鼓励将军孙伏都、刘铢攻打石闵，不果，又对石闵说孙伏都、刘铢谋反，命石闵讨灭。石闵知道石鉴有杀己之意，遂颁杀胡令，被杀的人共有20馀万；并软禁石鉴于御龙观，派尚书王简、少府王郁率数千人看守，用绳子把食物吊给他。

次年（350年），完全控制国政的石闵将后赵国号改为魏（卫），石闵也将包括自己在内的后赵皇族改姓为李，并改年号为青龙。不久，石鉴为求摆脱控制，遂趁李闵外出作战，秘密派宦官告知在外的将军抚军将军张沈等，命他们趁虚攻都城邺城，但宦官告知李闵此事，李闵因而回军，石鉴遂被诛杀，在位仅103日。

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Shi Jian (石鉴) (died 350) was briefly (for 103 days) an emperor of the Jie-led Later Zhao dynasty of China. He was the third of four short-lived Later Zhao emperors after the death of his father Shi Hu (Emperor Wu). He is sometimes referred to by his title prior to becoming emperor, Prince of Yiyang (义阳王). Arguably, it was his machinations with his powerful adoptive nephew Shi Min against his brother Shi Zun that finally led to Later Zhao's downfall.

Not much is known about Shi Jian prior to his father's death—including who his mother was. He was created the Prince of Dai in 333 after his father seized power from the founding emperor Shi Le's son Shi Hong in a coup, and after Shi Hu claimed the title "Heavenly King" (Tian Wang) in 337, he carried the title Duke of Yiyang. He was repromoted to prince after his father claimed imperial title in early 349. In 342, he was mentioned as one of the dukes whose guard corps was reduced by his brother Shi Xuan (石宣) the crown prince, whose target was however actually Shi Tao (石韬) the Duke of Qin. In 345, he was mentioned as the commander of the Guanzhong region, and he imposed heavy taxes and labor burdens; further, he forced officials with long hair to pull out their hair to be made into hat decorations. After his secretary submitted the hair to Shi Hu, Shi Hu recalled him and replaced him with his brother Shi Bao (石苞) the Duke of Leping.

In 349, after Shi Hu's death and succession by his youngest son, Shi Shi, the regent, Shi Shi's mother Empress Liu, tried to appease both Shi Jian and Shi Zun the Prince of Pengcheng by naming them to high posts. However, Shi Zun was not placated, and he attacked the capital Yecheng and seized the throne, killing Shi Shi and Empress Dowager Liu. During Shi Zun's brief administration, Shi Jian was an important member of the administration. He was one of the princes summoned to a meeting called by Shi Zun before his mother Empress Dowager Zheng in which Shi Zun announced that he was going to execute their powerful adoptive nephew, Shi Min the Duke of Wuxing. Shi Jian, who had perhaps already been in conspiracy with Shi Min, quickly sent Shi Min the news, and Shi Min surrounded the palace with his troops, capturing and killing Shi Zun. He made Shi Jian the emperor. However, actual power were in Shi Min's and his ally Li Nong (李农)'s hands.

Shi Jian could not endure Shi Min's hold on power, and he sent his brother Shi Bao and the generals Li Song (李松) and Zhang Cai (张才) against Shi Min, but after they were defeated, Shi Jian pretended as if they acted independently and executed them all. Another brother of his, Shi Zhi the Prince of Xinxing, then rose in the old capital Xiangguo (襄国, in modern Xintai, Hebei), in alliance with the Qiang chieftain Yao Yizhong and the Di chieftain Pu Hong against Shi Min and Li Nong. Shi Jian tried to then have the general Sun Fudu (孙伏都), a fellow Jie, attack Shi Min, but Shi Min quickly defeated him, and Shi Jian, trying to absolve himself, then ordered Shi Min to execute Sun. Shi Min, however, began to realize that Shi Jian was behind Sun's attack, and he decided that he needed to disarm the Jie, who knew that he was not Jie but ethnically Chinese. He ordered that all non-Chinese not be allowed to carry arms, and most fled Yecheng in light of the command. Shi Min put Shi Jian under house arrest with no communication with the outside. As the non-Chinese tribes continued to flee Yecheng, Shi Min saw that, in particular, the Xiongnu and the Jie would never support him, so he issued an order that if a Chinese killed a Hu (barbarian) and presented the head, he would be rewarded. Some 200,000 died in the massacre—including many Chinese who had high noses and thick beards.

In 350, under duress from Shi Min, Shi Jian changed the name of the state from Zhao to Wei (卫) and the family name of the imperial clan from Shi to Li (李). Many key officials fled to Shi Zhi. Local generals throughout the empire effectively became independent, waiting for the war to resolve itself. As Shi Min was engaging his troops against Shi Zhi's, Shi Jian made one final attempt against him—ordering the general Zhang Shen (张沈) to, after Shi Min left the capital, attack it. However, Shi Jian's eunuchs reported this to Shi Min and Li Nong, and they quickly returned to Yecheng and executed Shi Jian, along with 28 grandsons of Shi Hu and the rest of the Shi clan. Shi Min, restoring his father's original family name of Ran (冉), then took the throne as the emperor of a new state, Wei (魏, note different character than the state declared previously). Effectively, Later Zhao was over, although Shi Zhi would hold out at Xiangguo until 351, when he would be killed by his general Liu Xian (刘显), finally ending Later Zhao's last hope.