Chinese Text Project Dictionary

Chinese Text Project	Chinese Text Project
	Simplified Chinese version

Confucianism -> Liji -> Zi Yi -> 12

子曰：	The Master said,
“上人疑则百姓惑，	"when the highest among men has doubts and perplexities, the common people go astray.
下难知则君长劳。	When (the ministers) below him are difficult to be understood, the toil of the ruler is prolonged.
故君民者，章好以示民俗，	Therefore when the ruler exhibits clearly what he loves, and thus shows the people the style of manners (they should aim at),
慎恶以御民之淫，	and is watchful against what he dislikes, and thereby guards the people against the excesses (of which they are in danger),
则民不惑矣。	then they do not go astray.
臣仪行，不重辞，不援其所不及，不烦其所不知，则君不劳矣。	When the ministers are exemplary in their conduct, and do not set a value on (fine) speeches; when they do not try to lead (the ruler) to what is unattainable, and do not trouble him with what cannot be (fully) known, then he is not toiled.
《诗》云：	It is said in the Book of Poetry (III, ii, ode 10, i),
‘上帝板板，	"Reversed is now the providence of God;
下民卒𤺺。’	The lower people groan beneath their load."
《小雅》曰：	It is said in the Xiao Ya (II, v, ode 4, 4),
‘匪其止共，	"They do not discharge their duties,
惟王之邛。’”	But only cause distress to the king."'

Character	Composition	Variants	Reading	Meaning	Hanyu	Kangxi	Cihai
子	子+0	㜽𢀈𢀉𡐫𣕓只	zǐ ㄗˇ	(2.1) 古代对男子的美称。也用以尊称对方。 Respectful term for a man.	v2,p1006#06	p.277#01	p.395r1c01
曰	曰+0		yuē ㄩㄝ	(1) 说。 Say, speak.	v2,p1482#02	p.502#01	p.648r3c03
上	一+2	丄𠄞	shàng ㄕㄤˋ	top; superior, highest; go up, send up	v1,p0005#04	p.76#07	p.24r2c01
人	人+0	𠔽亻	rén ㄖㄣˊ	Man, person. / Others, other people. / The people, ordinary men. / Talent, material. / [A man's] character. / Affairs of men, world of man. / Benevolence.	v1,p0101#10	p.91#01	p.80r2c01
疑	疋+9	𦬦	yí nǐ níng ㄧˊ ㄋㄧˇ ㄋㄧㄥˊ	doubt, question, suspect	v4,p2751#04	p.768#03	p.919r1c02
则	刀+7	𠟻𠟭𠞋𠟔则	zé ㄗㄜˊ	Method, rule. / Mimic, emulate. / Level, grade. / Adverb used to emphasize an assertion. / Adverb used to express scope: only. / Connective expressing continuation: then, and then. / Connective emphasizing comparison. / Connective expressing contrast. / Connective expressing allowance: yet, even so. / Connective expressing unexpected turn of events. / Connective expressing suppostion: if.	v1,p0340#06	p.139#31	p.183r5c05
百	白+1	佰𦣻	bǎi bó mò ㄅㄞˇ ㄅㄛˊ ㄇㄛˋ	one hundred; numerous, many	v4,p2643#01	p.785#04	p.932r4c01
姓	女+5	𤯧𤯣	xìng ㄒㄧㄥˋ	one's family name; clan, people	v2,p1037#12	p.259#05	p.381r6c02
惑	心+8		huò ㄏㄨㄛˋ	confuse, mislead, baffle; doubt	v4,p2309#09	p.390#34	p.534r3c02
下	一+2	丅厥𠄟	xià ㄒㄧㄚˋ	under, underneath, below; down; inferior; bring down	v1,p0007#01	p.76#10	p.28r1c01
难	隹+11	𩁢𩁬𩀙𩁣𩁲𩁩𩀏𩁤难	nán ㄋㄢˊ	Difficult, not easy. / Make difficult, think difficult.	v6,p4108#05	p.1370#05	p.1446r3c01
			nàn ㄋㄢˋ	Disaster. / Blame. / Censure, reject. / Resent. / Hate. / Doctrine, thesis.
			nǎn ㄋㄢˇ	Fear.
			nuó ㄋㄨㄛˊ	Luxuriant. / Ceremony to banish sprits thought responsible for contagion. / How, why.
知	矢+3	𢇻𥎿	zhī ㄓ	Know, understand. / Perception. / Recognize. / Knowledge. / Know about, make sense of. / Be friendly with. / Control, get on top of.	v4,p2581#02	p.824#01	p.955r5c02
			zhì ㄓˋ	Wisdom.
君	口+4	𠱩𠱭	jūn ㄐㄩㄣ	The son of heaven. / The ruler of a state. / Dafu (title). / To be ruler. / To rule, to govern.	v1,p0595#06	p.177#07	p.256r6c08
长	长+0	镸𨱗𠤐𠑷𠔊𠑻𠑿𡕣长	cháng zhǎng zhàng ㄔㄤˊ ㄓㄤˇ ㄓㄤˋ	long; length; excel in; leader	v6,p4050#01	p.1328#07	p.1399r3c04
劳	力+10	勞𠣁𢥒劳	láo lào ㄌㄠˊ ㄌㄠˋ	labor, toil, do manual work	v1,p0376#17	p.148#35	p.198r2c01
故	攴+5		gù ㄍㄨˋ	Cause. / State of affairs. / Event, incident. / Plot. / Old. / Past, original. / Death. / On purpose. / Originally. / Hence, thus.	v2,p1453#05	p.469#25	p.601r5c01
民	氏+1	𠘽	mín ㄇㄧㄣˊ	people, subjects, citizens	v3,p2131#01	p.598#01	p.750r3c01
者	老+4		zhě ㄓㄜˇ	Pronoun used after verbs, adjectives, etc. in place of a person or thing. / Pronoun used after numbers in place of a thing. / Pronoun used after time or negation to express "when" or "if". / Expressive particle used in a declarative sentence after the subject. / Expressive particle used in a sentence after the subject to express cause or explanation.	v4,p2780#05	p.961#01	p.1080r1c01
			zhuó ㄓㄨㄛˊ	In, located in.
章	音+2		zhāng zhàng ㄓㄤㄓㄤˋ	composition; chapter, section	v4,p2709#04	p.871#08	p.1003r5c03
好	女+3	𡥆𡚽𩐔	hǎo ㄏㄠˇ	Attractive appearance. / Wonderful, beautiful. / Healthy, fit. / Excellent. / Harmonious. / Complete. / In order to. / Adverb: very. / Adverb: many or long.	v2,p1028#01	p.255#11	p.378r1c03
			hào ㄏㄠˋ	Like, find pleasing. / Hole in a piece of jade or a coin..
以	人+3	㠯	yǐ ㄧˇ	Use. / Believe. / Command. / Lead. / Connect, implicate. / Have. / Cause, reason. / Preposition: because. / Preposition: from, in. / Preposition: at [some time]. / Preposition: using. / Preposition: in accordance with. / Preposition: relying upon. / Preposition: in the capacity of. / Preposition: with, together with. / Connective: indicates the following action is the objective of the preceding one. / Connective: used between adverbial clause and verb to express modification. / Connective: and. / Connective: but. / Connective: and so, thus. / Particle: used together with some words expressing direction and time. / Modal particle. / Same as “已(1)” yǐ ㄧˇ: Stop, discontinue. / Same as “已(7.2)” yǐ ㄧˇ: Adverb: already. / Same as “已(7.3)” yǐ ㄧˇ: Adverb: extremely.	v1,p0105#07	p.94#01	p.87r6c01
示	示+0	𥘅礻	shì qī zhì shí ㄕˋ ㄑㄧㄓˋ ㄕˊ	show, manifest; demonstrate	v4,p2385#01	p.839#20	p.975r3c08
俗	人+7	圱	sú ㄙㄨˊ	social customs; vulgar, unrefined	v1,p0163#10	p.105#09	p.107r1c01
慎	心+10	愼	shèn ㄕㄣˋ	act with care, be cautious	v4,p2336#02	p.398#26
恶	心+8	惡亚僫恶	è ㄜˋ	Evil. / Bad, not good. / Bad person. / Harm. / Vicious. / Turgid, fierce. / Ugly. / A poor harvest. / Disease, illness. / Uncomfortable, unhappy. / Dirt. / Excrement.	v4,p2307#12	p.391#25	p.535r4c01
			wù ㄨˋ	Hate. / Shame. / Avoid. / Slander, attack.
			wū ㄨ	Interrogative pronoun: how, what. / Exclamation.
御	彳+8	驭𢓷𢕜御	yù yà ㄩˋ ㄧㄚˋ	drive, ride; chariot; manage	v2,p0832#16	p.368#23	p.515r4c02
之	丿+3	㞢	zhī ㄓ	Towards; go to. / Demonstrative pronoun: this, these. / Third person pronoun: him, her, it. / Auxiliary word: of. / Auxiliary word: used between subject and predicate, cancels independence of a clause. / Auxiliary word: used in a sentence for aesthetic purpose only, no meaning.	v1,p0043#01	p.82#04	p.47r2c02
淫	水+8	婬㸒	yín yàn yáo ㄧㄣˊ ㄧㄢˋ ㄧㄠˊ	obscene, licentious, lewd	v3,p1654#04	p.631#09	p.805r2c03
不	一+3	不𠀚𠙐	bù ㄅㄨˋ	Not have. / To not be. / Negational adverb, used before verbs, adjectives, etc. to indicate negation. / Negational adverb expressing prohibition: do not. / Negational adverb expressing rhetorical question: is not...?	v1,p0011#06	p.76#15	p.30r1c01
			fǒu ㄈㄡˇ	Same as “否(1.2)” fǒu ㄈㄡˇ: Adverb used together with an affirmative word, expressing its negative or opposite. / Same as “否(1.3)” fǒu ㄈㄡˇ: Adverb used at the end of a question to form a yes-no question.
			fū ㄈㄨ	Sepal of a flower.
			pī ㄆㄧ	Same as “丕(1)” pī ㄆㄧ: Large.
			bǐ ㄅㄧˇ	Show disdain for.
矣	矢+2	𠤘	yǐ ㄧˇ	Modal particle used to express declaration. / Modal particle used to express exclamation. / Modal particle used to express an order or request.	v4,p2580#04	p.823#37	p.955r5c01
臣	臣+0	𢘑	chén ㄔㄣˊ	minister, statesman, official	v4,p2801#01	p.999#13	p.1106r2c02
仪	人+13	仪	yí ㄧˊ	ceremony, rites gifts; admire	v1,p0228#02	p.118#21	p.127r6c03
行	行+0	行	xíng ㄒㄧㄥˊ	Walk, move (on foot). / Advance, move forward. / Leave, exit. / Patrol, go on inspection. / Inspection of the realm by the Son of Heaven. / Be married off. / Flow, circulate. / Channel, guide. / Revolution, circular motion. / Experience. / Luggage, belongings taken on a journey. / Do, carry out. / Actions. / Accomplishments. / Use, utilize. / Take over (an official duty). / Offer, present. / Moral conduct, behaviour. / A type of classical poem. / A piece of music. / Semi-cursive script. / Adverb: will, about to. / Adverb: again, once more. / Adverb: by chance, luckily. / Ambassador (official title). / Measure word for number of pourings of drinks.	v2,p0811#06	p.1108#31	p.1203r5c05
			háng ㄏㄤˊ	Road. / Track, pattern. / Row, line. / Row of soldiers in battle. / Unit of 25 soldiers. / Shaft of a feather (and by extension, wings). / Measure word for things which form rows. / Rank, position.
重	里+2	𡍴	zhòng ㄓㄨㄥˋ	Heavy. / Important, significant. / Valuable, noble. / Solemn, dignified. / Respect, attach importance to. / Difficult. / Addition, also. / Supplies for an army. / Extreme.	v6,p3680#02	p.1291#03	p.1357r6c01
			chóng ㄔㄨㄥˊ	Repeat, duplicate. / Layer, level. / Start afresh, do again.
辞	辛+12	辞辤𤔧	cí ㄘˊ	Confession. / Speech, phrase, language. / Excuse, reason. / Tell, explain. / Refuse, not accept. / Dispatch, expel. / Bid farewell. / A form of writing in ancient China.	v6,p4043#13	p.1252#08	p.1310r3c02
援	手+9		yuán ㄩㄢˊ	aid, assist; lead; cite	v3,p1921#05	p.445#02	p.586r4c02
其	八+6	丌亓	qí ㄑㄧˊ	Third-person possessive pronoun: his, her, its, their. / Demonstrative pronoun: that, those. / Adverb expressing estimation or guess. / Adverb expressing imperative. / Adverb expressing rhetorical question. / Adverb expressing future tense. / Connective expressing hypothesis: if, supposing. / Connective expressing choice: or. / Connective expressing concession: even if. / Particle used after an adjective. / Particle: of. / Particle used for emphasis after single-character adjectives or onomatopoeia. / Particle used in the middle of a sentence to alter the tempo.	v1,p0245#01	p.127#18	p.162r5c01
			jì ㄐㄧˋ	Particle used after bi and he.
			jī ㄐㄧ	Modal particle expressing interrogative tone. / A year.
所	户+4	𢨷	suǒ ㄙㄨㄛˇ	Place. / Location. / A suitable place or location. / Measure word, used for counting buldings. / Used before a verb, creates a noun-like phrase. / If. Mainly used in oaths and curses. / Used together with 为 to indicate the passive tense. / Indicates an approximate number. / Number, number of times. / Meaning.	v3,p2259#01	p.415#16	p.556r1c01
及	又+2	𢎜𨕤	jí ㄐㄧˊ	Catch up to. / Retrieve, recover. / Attain, rival. / To. / Touch. / Relate to. / Continue, succeed. / Preposition: until ... (a time). / Connective: and.	v1,p0035#01	p.165#03	p.233r4c06
烦	火+9	烦	fán ㄈㄢˊ	bother, vex, trouble; troublesome	v3,p2216#05	p.678#03	p.854r4c02
不	一+3	不𠀚𠙐	bù ㄅㄨˋ	(3.1) 否定副词：用于动词、形容词等前面，表示否定。 Negational adverb, used before verbs, adjectives, etc. to indicate negation.	v1,p0011#06	p.76#15	p.30r1c01
诗	言+6	𧥳诗	shī ㄕ	poetry; poem, verse, ode	v6,p3961#05	p.1157#15	p.1242r5c03
云	二+2	员云	yún ㄩㄣˊ	(2) 说。 Say, speak.	v1,p0384#02	p.86#08	p.63r6c02
帝	巾+6	𢂇𠫦	dì ㄉㄧˋ	supreme ruler, emperor; god	v1,p0738#02	p.330#14	p.474r5c07
板	木+4	版板	bǎn ㄅㄢˇ	plank, board; iron or tin plate	v2,p1172#03	p.514#15	p.680r4c01
卒	十+6	卆䘚	zú ㄗㄨˊ	Footsoldier. / Unit of one hundred soldiers. / A [military] unit. / Unit of 30 states. / Unit of 300 families. / Labourer. / End, finish. / Die. / Adverb: finally. / Same as “崒(1)” zú ㄗㄨˊ: High peaks.	v1,p0063#02	p.156#28	p.216r4c01
			cù ㄘㄨˋ	Same as “猝(2)” cù ㄘㄨˋ: Adverb: suddenly. / Same as “倅(1.2)” cuì ㄘㄨㄟˋ: Assistant.
𤺺	疒+13		dǎn ㄉㄢˇ		v4,p2700#13	p.781#12	p.923r6c03
小	小+0		xiǎo ㄒㄧㄠˇ	Small. / Make small. / View as small. / Thin. / Insufficient. / Short (time), fleeting. / Young. / Slightly, somewhat. / Low level. / A person of low rank. / A person of bad moral character. / Humble term for oneself.	v1,p0560#12	p.296#18	p.438r2c01
雅	隹+4		yǎ yā yá ㄧㄚˇ ㄧㄚㄧㄚˊ	elegant, graceful, refined	v6,p4094#02	p.1365#14	p.1437r5c01
匪	匚+8		fěi fēi ㄈㄟˇ ㄈㄟ	bandits, robbers, gangsters	v1,p0087#01	p.153#45	p.206r2c03
止	止+0	只	zhǐ ㄓˇ	stop, halt, desist; detain	v2,p1435#03	p.573#24	p.732r3c02
共	八+4	𦱹	gòng ㄍㄨㄥˋ	Occupy or accept together. / Together. / Total, in all. / Preposition: together with.	v1,p0243#02	p.127#05	p.160r5c02
			gōng ㄍㄨㄥ	Provide. / Respectful.
			gǒng ㄍㄨㄥˇ	Cup one's hands in obeisance or greeting。 / Rotate, turn around.
惟	心+8	𢛧	wéi ㄨㄟˊ	but, however, nevertheless; only	v4,p2316#03	p.391#17	p.534r6c02
王	玉+0		wáng ㄨㄤˊ	King, title of supreme ruler of the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties. / Ruler of a vassal state in the warring states period. / Highest title in feudal China. / Meet with the emperor. / Respectful term for one's paternal grandparents.	v2,p1099#10	p.727#02	p.888r1c02
			wàng ㄨㄤˋ	Rule as king, control all under heaven. / Enfeoff as king. / Flourish, abound.
			wǎng ㄨㄤˇ	To, go to.
邛	邑+3		qióng ㄑㄩㄥˊ	in distress; a mound	v6,p3755#02	p.1268#16	p.1335r5c03

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