| | 皇甫張段... : |
皇甫規字威明，安定朝那人也。祖父棱，度遼將軍。父旗，扶風都尉。 |
| | Huangfu Gui, courtesy name Weiming, was a native of Chao'nan, Dingping. His grandfather Huangfu Leng served as Du Liau Jiangjun (General of the River). His father, Huangfu Qi, was Dudong Duwei.
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| | 皇甫張段... : |
永和六年，西羌大寇三輔，圍安定，征西將軍馬賢將諸郡兵擊之，不能克。規雖在布衣，見賢不卹軍事，審其必敗，乃上書言狀。尋而賢果為羌所沒。郡將知規有兵略，乃命為功曹，使率甲士八百，與羌交戰，斬首數級，賊遂退卻。舉規上計掾。其後羌眾大合，攻燒隴西，朝廷患之。規乃上疏求乞自效，曰：「臣比年以來，數陳便宜。羌戎未動，策其將反，馬賢始出，頗知必敗。誤中之言，在可考校。臣每惟賢等擁眾四年，未有成功，懸師之費且百億計，出於平人，回入姦吏。故江湖之人，群為盜賊，青、徐荒飢，襁負流散。夫羌戎潰叛，不由承平，皆由邊將失於綏御。乘常守安，則君侵暴，苟競小利，則致大害，微勝則虛張首級，軍敗則隱匿不言。軍士勞怨，困於猾吏，進不得快戰以徼功，退不得溫飽以全命，餓死溝渠，暴骨中原。徒見王師之出，不聞振旅之聲。酋豪泣血，驚懼生變。是以安不能久，敗則經年。臣所以搏手叩心而增歎者也。願假臣兩營二郡，屯列坐食之兵五千，出其不意，與護羌校尉趙沖共相首尾。土地山谷，臣所曉習；兵埶巧便，臣已更之。可不煩方寸之印，尺帛之賜，高可以滌患，下可以納降。若謂臣年少官輕，不足用者，凡諸敗將，非官爵之不高，年齒之不邁。臣不勝至誠，沒死自陳。」時帝不能用。 |
| | In the sixth year of Yonghe (141 AD), the western Qiang launched a major raid on the Three Fu regions, besieging Dingping. General Ma Xian, commander of the Western Expeditionary Army, led troops from various commanderies to attack them but failed to achieve victory. Although Huangfu Gui was still a commoner, he observed that General Ma Xian did not take military affairs seriously and realized that defeat was inevitable. He therefore submitted a memorial to report the situation. Soon after, General Ma Xian was indeed defeated and perished at the hands of the Qiang. The commandery officials, aware of Huangfu Gui's military strategy, appointed him as Gongcao and ordered him to lead eight hundred armed soldiers. He engaged the Qiang in battle, beheading several enemy warriors, and thus the bandits withdrew. Huangfu Gui was recommended as Shangji Yuan (an official responsible for submitting annual reports). Later, the Qiang forces gathered in large numbers and attacked and burned Longxi. The imperial court was greatly concerned about this. Huangfu Gui then submitted a memorial requesting to offer his services, saying: "Since last year, I have repeatedly presented proposals for the good of the state. Before the Qiang moved, I predicted that they would rebel; when General Ma Xian first set out, I already knew he was bound to fail. My words proved correct and can be verified by historical records." I have often considered that Generals Ma Xian and others, commanding large forces for four years, have achieved no success. The expenses of maintaining these troops amount to hundreds of millions, taken from ordinary people and funneled back into the hands of corrupt officials. Therefore, people along the rivers and lakes have banded together to become bandits; Qing and Xu commanderies suffer from famine and desolation, with mothers carrying their infants as they flee and scatter. The Qiang's rebellion is not due to a prolonged period of peace, but rather because frontier generals have failed in their duties of pacification and defense. When they merely maintain the status quo, they allow the enemy to grow bolder; when they recklessly pursue minor gains, it leads to great harm. In cases of small victories, they exaggerate the number of heads taken; in defeat, they conceal their losses and say nothing. The soldiers are exhausted and resentful, oppressed by corrupt officials. Advancing, they cannot fight decisively for merit; retreating, they cannot find warmth or food to preserve their lives. They starve to death in ditches, leaving their bones exposed on the Central Plains. We only see imperial troops being dispatched, but never hear of them returning victorious. The tribal leaders weep blood and are filled with fear and unrest. Therefore, peace cannot be sustained for long, while defeat drags on for years. This is why I clasp my hands to my chest and sigh deeply in sorrow. I humbly request to be granted command of two camps and two commanderies, with five thousand troops who can remain stationed without needing constant supplies. I will strike unexpectedly together with Xiao Wei Zhao Chong, the Inspector of the Qiang, coordinating our forces at front and rear. The terrain of valleys and mountains is well known to me; Tactics and strategies are already within my grasp. This can be achieved without the need for imperial decrees or even a single bolt of silk as reward. At best, it will eliminate the threat; at worst, it will bring about surrender. If you say that I am too young and hold a low rank to be entrusted with this task, then consider: all the defeated generals were not lacking in high ranks or advanced age. With utmost sincerity, I offer my humble self-recommendation at the risk of my life." At that time, however, the emperor did not accept his proposal.
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| | 皇甫張段... : |
沖質之閒，梁太后臨朝，規舉賢良方正。對策曰： |
| | Between Chongzhi and Yian, when Empress Dowager Liang presided over court affairs, Huangfu Gui was recommended for the title of Xianliang Fangzheng (Virtuous and Upright). In his response to the imperial examination questions, he said:
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| | 皇甫張段... : |
伏惟孝順皇帝，初勤王政，紀綱四方，幾以獲安。後遭姦偽，威分近習，畜貨聚馬，戲謔是聞；又因緣嬖倖，受賂賣爵，輕使賓客，交錯其閒，天下擾擾，從亂如歸，故每有征戰，鮮不挫傷，官民並竭，上下窮虛。臣在關西，竊聽風聲，未聞國家有所先後，而威福之來，咸歸權倖。陛下體兼乾坤，聰哲純茂。攝政之初，拔用忠貞，其餘維綱，多所改正。遠近翕然，望見太平。而地震之後，霧氣白濁，日月不光，旱魃為虐，大賊從橫，流血丹野，庶品不安，譴誠累至，殆以姦臣權重之所致也。其常侍尤無狀者，亟便黜遣，披埽凶黨，收入財賄，以塞痛怨，以荅天誡。 |
| | I humbly consider that Emperor Xiaoshun, at first diligently attended to state affairs and enforced discipline throughout the realm, nearly achieving peace. Later, however, he encountered treacherous impostors; authority was divided among those close to him, who amassed wealth and horses, while idleness and frivolity became common. Furthermore, through connections with favored favorites, they accepted bribes and sold official ranks. They lightly entrusted guests with responsibilities, allowing them to interfere in affairs of state; thus the realm became chaotic, and people turned to disorder as if returning home. Hence, every military campaign has rarely ended without setbacks, exhausting both officials and commoners, leaving the upper and lower classes impoverished and depleted. While I was in Guanxi, I secretly heard rumors; I have not heard of the state having any clear priorities, yet all power and blessings seem to flow toward those who hold favor. Your Majesty embodies both Heaven and Earth, possessing wisdom and virtue in full measure. At the beginning of your rule, you appointed loyal and upright officials, and revised many aspects of governance to restore order. Near and far, people were united in hope, anticipating a return to peace and prosperity. Yet after the earthquake, thick white mists and haze obscured the air; the sun and moon lost their brilliance. Drought ravaged the land, great bandits ran rampant, blood stained the fields red, and the common people lived in unrest. These warnings have come repeatedly—this is surely due to the excessive power held by corrupt ministers. Those eunuchs who have behaved especially shamefully should be dismissed immediately. The wicked factions must be purged, their ill-gotten wealth and bribes confiscated, to quell resentment and respond to Heaven's warnings.
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| | 皇甫張段... : |
今大將軍梁冀、河南尹不疑，處周、邵之任，為社稷之鎮，加與王室世為姻族，今日立號雖尊可也，實宜增脩謙節，輔以儒術，省去遊娛不急之務，割減廬第無益之飾。夫君者舟也，人者水也。群臣乘舟者也，將軍兄弟操楫者也。若能平志畢力，以度元元，所謂福也。如其怠弛，將淪波濤。可不慎乎！夫德不稱祿，猶鑿墉之趾，以益其高。豈量力審功安固之道哉？凡諸宿猾、酒徒、戲客，皆耳納邪聲，口出諂言，甘心逸遊，唱造不義。亦宜貶斥，以懲不軌。令冀等深思得賢之福，失人之累。又在位素餐，尚書怠職，有司依違，莫肯糾察，故使陛下專受諂諛之言，不聞戶牖之外。臣誠知阿諛有福，深言近禍，豈敢隱心以避誅責乎！臣生長邊遠，希涉紫庭，怖慴失守，言不盡心。 |
| | Now, Grand General Liang Ji and Commandery Governor Bu Yi hold positions as important as those of Zhou Gong and Shao Gong; they are the pillars upholding the state. Moreover, their families have long been in marital alliance with the imperial clan. Although it is appropriate for them to hold high titles today, they should indeed cultivate humility and supplement their governance with Confucian learning. They should reduce unnecessary entertainments and idle pursuits, and cut back on superfluous decorations of their mansions that serve no real purpose. The ruler is like a boat; the people are like water. Ministers ride in this boat, while you, General, and your brothers hold the oars. If you can maintain a balanced mind and exert all your strength to ferry the people across, this would truly be called blessings. If you grow lazy or neglectful, the boat will be swamped by waves. How can this not be taken with utmost caution! When virtue does not match one's rank and wealth, it is like digging the base of a wall to add height. How can this be considered a proper way to measure strength or assess merit for stability? All these habitual rascals, drunkards, and idlers listen to wicked words with their ears and speak flattery with their mouths. They indulge in leisure and pleasure, initiating unjust actions. They too should be demoted or dismissed as a warning to those who act unlawfully. Let Grand General Liang Ji and others deeply reflect on the blessings of acquiring virtuous men and the burdens of losing capable individuals. Moreover, officials who hold office without contributing anything remain idle; the Secretariat neglects its duties, and responsible officials hesitate or act inconsistently, none willing to investigate or correct wrongdoing. Thus, Your Majesty hears only flattery and does not learn of what happens beyond your palace walls. I truly know that flattering the emperor brings blessings, while speaking bluntly invites misfortune; yet how could I dare conceal my true thoughts to avoid punishment! I was born and raised in a distant frontier region, rarely having set foot in the imperial court. Overcome by fear and awe, I have failed to express my thoughts fully.
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| | 皇甫張段... : |
梁冀忿其刺己，以規為下第，拜郎中。託疾免歸，州郡承冀旨，幾陷死者再三。遂以詩、易教授，門徒三百餘人，積十四年。後梁冀被誅，旬月之閒，禮命五至，皆不就。 |
| | Liang Ji was angry that Huangfu Gui had criticized him, so he ranked Huangfu Gui low in the examination and appointed him as Langzhong (Attending Physician). Huangfu Gui feigned illness to avoid taking office, but local officials in the commandery and state followed Liang Ji's orders, nearly causing his death on several occasions. Eventually, he devoted himself to teaching The Book of Songs and The Book of Changes, with over three hundred students, for a total of fourteen years. Later, after Liang Ji was executed, within the span of several months, five official invitations were sent to honor him, but he refused them all.
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| | 皇甫張段... : |
時太山賊叔孫無忌侵亂郡縣，中郎將宗資討之未服。公車特徵規，拜太山太守。規到官，廣設方略，寇賊悉平。延熹四年秋，叛羌零吾等與先零別種寇鈔關中，護羌校尉段熲坐徵。後先零諸種陸梁，覆沒營塢。規素悉羌事，志自奮效，乃上疏曰：「自臣受任，志竭愚鈍，實賴兗州刺史牽顥之清猛，中郎將宗資之信義，得承節度，幸無咎譽。今猾賊就滅，太山略平，復聞群羌並皆反逆。臣生長邠岐，年五十有九，昔為郡吏，再更叛羌，豫籌其事，有誤中之言。臣素有固疾，恐犬馬齒窮，不報大恩，願乞冗官，備單車一介之使，勞來三輔，宣國威澤，以所習地形兵埶，佐助諸軍。臣窮居孤危之中，坐觀郡將，已數十年矣。自鳥鼠至于東岱，其病一也。力求猛敵，不如清平；勤明吳、孫，未若奉法。前變未遠，臣誠戚之。是以越職，盡其區區。」 |
| | At that time, the rebel Shusun Wujin was raiding and disrupting commanderies and counties in Taishan. General Zong Zi of the Zhonglang Corps had been sent to suppress him but failed to subdue him. The imperial court specially summoned Huangfu Gui by official carriage and appointed him Taishan Tai-shou (Governor of Taishan). Upon assuming office, Huangfu Gui devised extensive strategies, and all the bandits were completely pacified. In autumn of the fourth year of Yuanxi (161 AD), rebel Qiang chieftains Lingwu and others, along with a separate branch of the Xianling tribe, raided Guanzhong. Xiao Wei Duan Jing was recalled for punishment as Inspector of the Qiang. Later, various branches of the Xianling Qiang continued to cause trouble, attacking and destroying military camps and strongholds. Huangfu Gui had long been familiar with Qiang affairs and was eager to prove himself. He therefore submitted a memorial, saying: "Since I assumed my post, I have resolved to devote myself despite my lack of ability. In truth, this has relied on the clarity and vigor of General Qian Hao, Inspector of Yanzhou, and on the trustworthiness and righteousness of General Zong Zi, Zhonglang Corps, who provided guidance and coordination, allowing me to avoid blame or praise. Now that the bandits have been eliminated and Taishan is nearly pacified, I now hear that all the Qiang tribes are in open rebellion. I was born and raised near Bin and Qi, am now fifty-nine years old. In the past, I served as a local official and twice experienced Qiang rebellions; I have long anticipated these events and made plans accordingly, with predictions that proved correct. I have long suffered from chronic illness, and I fear that before my life ends, I will be unable to repay the great kindness bestowed upon me. I humbly request a minor official post, allowing me to serve as a single envoy in a simple carriage, traveling to the Three Fu regions to labor for the state, proclaiming imperial might and benevolence. With my knowledge of terrain and military strategy, I would be able to assist the various armies. For decades now, I have lived in hardship and isolation, watching helplessly as local generals failed in their duties. From Niaoshu to Dongdai, the problem has always been the same. Actively seeking fierce battles is not as effective as achieving peace through clarity and order; Diligently studying Wu Qi and Sun Tzu's strategies pales in comparison to simply upholding the law. The previous troubles are not far behind, and I truly feel sorrow for this. Therefore, I have dared to overstep my station in order to offer my humble efforts."
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| | 皇甫張段... : |
至冬，羌遂大合，朝廷為憂。三公舉規為中郎將，持節監關西兵，討零吾等，破之，斬首八百級。先零諸種羌慕規威信，相勸降者十餘萬。明年，規因發其騎共討隴右，而道路隔絕，軍中大疫，死者十三四。規親入菴廬，巡視將士，三軍感悅。東羌遂遣使乞降，涼州復通。 |
| | By winter, the Qiang tribes had united on a large scale, causing great concern for the imperial court. The Three Excellencies recommended Huangfu Gui as Zhonglang Jiang, granting him a symbol of imperial authority to oversee the western Guan forces. He led an expedition against Lingwu and others, defeating them and beheading eight hundred enemy warriors. The various tribes of Xianling Qiang admired Huangfu Gui's authority and reputation, with more than one hundred thousand voluntarily surrendering. The following year, Huangfu Gui mobilized their cavalry to jointly campaign against Longyou; however, the roads were cut off and a severe plague broke out in his army, killing one-third to one-fourth of the troops. Huangfu Gui personally entered the tents and huts to visit and inspect his soldiers, which deeply moved and pleased the entire army. The eastern Qiang then sent envoys requesting surrender, and communication with Liangzhou was restored.
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| | 皇甫張段... : |
先是安定太守孫雋受取狼籍，屬國都尉李翕、督軍御史張稟多殺降羌，涼州刺史郭閎、漢陽太守趙熹並老弱不堪任職，而皆倚恃權貴，不遵法度。規到州界，悉條奏其罪，或免或誅。羌人聞之，翕然反善。沈氐大豪滇昌、飢恬等十餘萬口，復詣規降。 |
| | Previously, Tai-shou Sun Jun of Dingping had accepted bribes in a disgraceful manner; Du Guo Duwei Li Xi and military supervisor Zhang Bin had killed many surrendered Qiang warriors. Commandery Governor Guo Hong of Liangzhou and Tai-shou Zhao Xi of Hanyang were both old and weak, unfit for their posts, yet they all relied on powerful patrons and disregarded laws and regulations. When Huangfu Gui arrived at the commandery border, he listed their crimes in detail and submitted a report; some were dismissed from office while others were executed. The Qiang people heard of this and responded with unified goodwill. Shen Di's great chieftains Dianchang, Jitian, and over one hundred thousand others once again submitted to Huangfu Gui.
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| | 皇甫張段... : |
規出身數年，持節為將，擁眾立功，還督鄉里，既無它私惠，而多所舉奏，又惡絕宦官，不與交通，於是中外並怨，遂共誣規貨賂群羌，令其文降。天子璽書誚讓相屬。規懼不免，上疏自訟曰：「四年之秋，戎醜蠢戾，爰自西州，侵及涇陽，舊都懼駭，朝廷西顧。明詔不以臣愚駑，急使軍就道。幸蒙威靈，遂振國命，羌戎諸種，大小稽首，輒移書營郡，以訪誅納，所省之費，一億以上。以為忠臣之義，不敢告勞，故恥以片言自及微效。然比方先事，庶免罪悔。前踐州界，先奏郡守孫雋，次及屬國都尉李翕、督軍御史張稟；旋師南征，又上涼州刺史郭閎、漢陽太守趙熹，陳其過惡，執據大辟。凡此五臣，支黨半國，其餘墨綬，下至小吏，所連及者，復有百餘。吏託報將之怨，子思復父之恥，載贄馳車，懷糧步走，交搆豪門，競流謗讟，云臣私報諸羌，謝其錢貨。若臣以私財，則家無擔石；如物出於官，則文簿易考。就臣愚惑，信如言者，前世尚遺匈奴以宮姬，鎮烏孫以公主。今臣但費千萬，以懷叛羌。則良臣之才略，兵家之所貴，將有何罪，負義違理乎？自永初以來，將出不少，覆軍有五，動資巨億。有旋車完封，寫之權門，而名成功立，厚加爵封。今臣還督本土，糾舉諸郡，絕交離親，戮辱舊故，眾謗陰害，固其宜也。臣雖汙穢，廉絜無聞，今見覆沒，恥痛實深。傳稱『鹿死不擇音』，謹冒昧略上。」 |
| | Within a few years of leaving his civilian life, Huangfu Gui held the imperial symbol as a general, commanded troops and achieved military success. Upon returning to oversee his hometown region, he neither offered private favors nor made many recommendations; moreover, he despised eunuchs and refused to associate with them. As a result, both inside and outside the court resented him, and thus conspired together to falsely accuse Huangfu Gui of bribing the Qiang tribes to feign surrender. Imperial edicts bearing the emperor's seal were repeatedly sent, rebuking and censuring him. Huangfu Gui feared he could not escape blame, and submitted a memorial defending himself, saying: "In the autumn of the fourth year (161 AD), the Qiang rebels became unruly. They began in the western states and invaded Jingyang. The old capital was alarmed, and the imperial court looked westward with concern. The emperor's decree did not consider my foolishness and incompetence but urgently ordered me to lead troops into battle. By the grace of Heaven's protection, I was able to restore the state's authority. The various Qiang tribes, great and small, submitted in homage. I immediately sent letters to the military camps and commanderies to inquire about executions or surrenders. The expenses saved amounted to over ten million. Believing it was the duty of a loyal minister, I dared not report my own efforts or hardships; thus, I felt ashamed to mention even a single word about my minor contributions. However, in comparison with past events, I hope this will at least prevent guilt and regret. When I first entered the commandery, I first reported on Tai-shou Sun Jun, then on Du Guo Duwei Li Xi, and military supervisor Zhang Bin; After returning from the southern campaign, I again reported on Commandery Governor Guo Hong and Tai-shou Zhao Xi, detailing their crimes, leading to their execution by capital punishment. These five officials had half the state as their allies and supporters; others, from those holding black seals of office down to minor clerks, involved in these matters, numbered over a hundred. Officials, seeking to avenge grudges against generals, and sons wishing to repay their fathers' shame, traveled by carriage bearing gifts or on foot with provisions, converging at powerful families. They competed in spreading slander, claiming that I had privately bribed the Qiang tribes with money as thanks. If I used my private wealth for such purposes, then my family would have no more than a few dan of grain; If the goods came from official sources, then the records are easily verifiable. Even if I were foolish and confused, how could one believe such accusations? In previous dynasties, palaces were still given to the Xiongnu in exchange for peace, and princesses sent as brides to pacify the Wusun. Now I have merely spent ten million to win over the rebellious Qiang. If a loyal minister's strategy and military acumen are valued by generals, then what crime have I committed that would make me unjust or unreasonable? Since the first year of Yongchu, many generals have been sent out, with five armies destroyed and expenses amounting to hundreds of millions. Some returned in carriages with intact seals, presenting their reports at the gates of powerful families, yet were celebrated as having achieved great success and received generous titles and rewards. Now that I have returned to oversee my native region, exposed corrupt officials in various commanderies, severed ties with relatives and friends, and publicly shamed old acquaintances, it is only natural that many would slander me and conspire against me. Though I may be unworthy and have no reputation for integrity, to see myself now accused and ruined brings deep shame and pain. The annals say, "A deer in its final moments will not choose the right note," so I respectfully submit this humble petition."
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| | 皇甫張段... : |
其年冬，徵還拜議郎。論功當封。而中常侍徐璜、左悺欲從求貨，數遣賓客就問功狀，規終不荅。璜等忿怒，陷以前事，下之於吏。官屬欲賦斂請謝，規誓而不聽，遂以餘寇不絕，坐繫廷尉，論輸左校。諸公及太學生張鳳等三百餘人詣闕訟之。會赦，歸家。 |
| | That winter, he was summoned back and appointed as Yilang. He was to be awarded a title for his meritorious service. However, the Zhongchangshi Xu Huang and Zuo Kuan wanted to extort money from him, repeatedly sending their guests to inquire about his military achievements, but Gui never responded. Huang et al., furious, brought up previous incidents and had him handed over to the officials for punishment. His subordinates wanted to raise funds to plead for clemency, but Gui vowed not to allow it. As a result, because the remaining bandits were not completely eradicated, he was held in custody by the Tingwei and sentenced to labor at Zuoxiao. More than three hundred officials, including Grand Scholars and Tai Xuesheng Zhang Feng, petitioned the throne to appeal his case. Coincidentally, a general amnesty was declared, allowing him to return home.
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徵拜度遼將軍，至營數月，上書薦中郎將張奐以自代。曰：「臣聞人無常俗，而政有治亂；兵無強弱，而將有能否。伏見中郎將張奐，才略兼優，宜正元帥，以從眾望。若猶謂愚臣宜充軍事者，願乞冗官，以為奐副。」朝庭從之，以奐代為度遼將軍，規為使匈奴中郎將。及奐遷大司農，規復代為度遼將軍。 |
| | He was summoned and appointed as Duoliao Jiangjun; after several months at the camp, he submitted a memorial recommending Zhonglangjiang Zhang Huan to succeed him. He said: "I have heard that people do not have fixed customs, but governance has order and chaos; armies are neither inherently strong nor weak, but generals differ in their competence. I humbly observe that Zhonglangjiang Zhang Huan is a man of both talent and strategy, and should be appointed as the supreme commander to meet public expectations. If it is still considered that this foolish minister should serve in military affairs, I humbly request a minor official position to serve as Huan's deputy." The court accepted his recommendation, appointing Huan as Duoliao Jiangjun and Gui as Shihunhu Zhonglangjiang. When Huan was transferred to the position of Daisinan, Gui once again took over as Duoliao Jiangjun.
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規為人多意筭，自以連在大位，欲退身避第，數上病，不見聽。會友人上郡太守王旻喪還，規縞素越界，到下亭迎之。因令客密告并州刺史胡芳，言規擅遠軍營，公違禁憲，當急舉奏。芳曰：「威明欲避第仕塗，故激發我耳。吾當為朝廷愛才，何能申此子計邪！」遂無所問。及黨事大起，天下名賢多見染逮，規雖為名將，素譽不高。自以西州豪桀，恥不得豫，乃先自上言：「臣前薦故大司農張奐，是附黨也。又臣昔論輸左校時，太學生張鳳等上書訟臣，是為黨人所附也。臣宜坐之。」朝廷知而不問，時人以為規賢。 |
| | Gui was a man of many plans and strategies, and because he had held high office for so long, he wished to step down and avoid further prominence. He repeatedly submitted requests citing illness, but his resignations were not accepted. At the time, a friend of his, Wang Min, the Taihou of Shangjun Commandery, was returning home after mourning rites. Gui, dressed in plain white mourning clothes, crossed the boundary to meet him at Xiating. He then secretly instructed a guest to inform Bingzhou Cishi Hu Fang, saying that Gui had 擅自 left the military camp and openly violated regulations; he should be urgently reported. Hu Fang said: "Weiming wants to avoid high office, so this is just a ploy to provoke me." "I should protect talent for the court; how could I possibly carry out this young man's scheme!" Thus, no action was taken against him. When the great persecution of the Party Affair began, many renowned scholars and virtuous men were implicated and arrested. Although Gui was a famous general, he had never enjoyed high prestige. Considering himself a leading figure of the western states, he was ashamed not to be involved. So he first submitted a self-petition: "In my previous recommendation of former Daisinan Zhang Huan, I have become associated with the faction." "Moreover, when I was formerly sentenced to labor at Zuoxiao, Tai Xuesheng Zhang Feng and others submitted a petition in my defense; this also means that I have been attached to the faction." "Therefore, I should be punished accordingly." The court knew of this but did not pursue it; at the time, people regarded Gui as a virtuous man.
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在事數歲，北邊威服。永康元年，徵為尚書。其夏日食，詔公卿舉賢良方正，下問得失。規對曰：「天之於王者，如君之於臣，父之於子也。誡以災妖，使從福祥。陛下八年之中，三斷大獄，一除內嬖，再誅外臣。而災異猶見，人情未安者，殆賢愚進退，威刑所加，有非其理也。前太尉陳蕃、劉矩，忠謀高世，廢在里巷；劉祐、馮緄、趙典、尹勳，正直多怨，流放家門；李膺、王暢、孔翊，絜身守禮，終無宰相之階。至於鉤黨之釁，事起無端，虐賢傷善，哀及無辜。今興改善政，易於覆手，而群臣杜口，鑒畏前害，互相瞻顧，莫肯正言。伏願陛下暫留聖明，容受謇直，則前責可弭，後福必降。」對奏，不省。 |
| | After several years in office, he brought peace and submission to the northern frontier. In the first year of Yongkang, he was summoned to serve as Shangshu. That summer, a solar eclipse occurred; an edict was issued ordering the gongqing officials to recommend virtuous and upright men, and to submit reports on gains and losses. Gui replied: "Heaven's relationship with the Son of Heaven is like that of a ruler to his minister, or a father to his son. It warns through calamities and omens so that one may follow blessings and auspiciousness. "In the past eight years, Your Majesty has three times decided major cases of punishment, once removed a favored concubine from power, and twice executed officials at court. Yet calamities and strange phenomena still occur, and the people's hearts remain unsettled. This is probably because the promotion or dismissal of the wise and the foolish, as well as punishments inflicted, have not always been just. The former Taiwei Chen Fan and Liu Ju were loyal strategists of the highest caliber, yet they were dismissed and left to rot in obscurity. Liu You, Feng Jian, Zhao Dian, and Yin Xun were upright men who had many enemies, and thus their families were exiled. Li Ying, Wang Chang, and Kong Yi maintained personal integrity and observed propriety, yet never attained the rank of prime minister. As for the fabricated charges against the faction, these incidents arose without cause; the persecution of virtuous men and harm to the good have brought sorrow even upon the innocent. Now, reforming and improving governance is as easy as turning one's hand over, yet the ministers remain silent, fearing past punishments. They look to each other hesitantly, unwilling to speak truthfully. I humbly hope that Your Majesty will for a time preserve your wisdom and accept honest counsel; then past grievances may be resolved, and future blessings shall surely descend." His memorial was submitted but not heeded.
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遷規弘農太守，封壽成亭侯，邑二百戶，讓封不受。再轉為護羌校尉。熹平三年，以疾召還，未至，卒于穀城，年七十一。所著賦、銘、碑、讚、禱文、弔、章表、教令、書、檄、牋記，凡二十七篇。 |
| | He was transferred to serve as Taihou of Hongnong, and granted the title Hou of Shoucheng Ting with a fief of 200 households. He declined the title and did not accept it. He was later transferred again to serve as Huqiang Jiao Wei. In the third year of Xiping, he was recalled due to illness; before reaching the capital, he died in Gucheng at the age of seventy-one. He authored essays, inscriptions, steles, eulogies, prayers, elegies, memorials, orders, letters, proclamations, and notes totaling twenty-seven pieces.
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論曰：孔子稱「其言之不怍，則其為之也難」。察皇甫規之言，其心不怍哉！夫其審己則干祿，見賢則委位，故干祿不為貪，而委位不求讓；稱己不疑伐，而讓人無懼情。故能功成於戎狄，身全於邦家也。 |
| | Commentary: Confucius said, "If one speaks without shame, then it is difficult for him to act accordingly." Examining Huangfu Gui's words, was his heart free of shame?! When he assessed himself and sought official rank, or when he saw a worthy man and yielded his position, therefore seeking office was not out of greed, nor yielding one's post for the sake of reputation; He praised himself without hesitation or self-aggrandizement, and when he yielded to others, there was no trace of reluctance. Thus, he could achieve success among the Rong and Di peoples and preserve his integrity within the state.
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張奐字然明，敦煌酒泉人也。父惇，為漢陽太守。奐少遊三輔，師事太尉朱寵，學歐陽尚書。初，牟氏章句浮辭繁多，有四十五萬餘言，奐減為九萬言。後辟大將軍梁冀府，乃上書桓帝，奏其章句，詔下東觀。以疾去官，復舉賢良，對策第一，擢拜議郎。 |
| | Zhang Huan, courtesy name Ranming, was a native of Jiuquan, Dunhuang. His father, Zhang Dun, served as Taihou of Hanyang. Huan was young and traveled in the Three Fu regions, where he studied under Taiwei Zhu Chong, learning the Ouyang version of the Book of Documents. Initially, the Mu Shi commentary was filled with verbose and superfluous language, amounting to more than 450,000 characters; Huan reduced it to 90,000. Later, he was appointed to the office of the Grand General Liang Ji and submitted a memorial to Emperor Huan, presenting his commentary. The emperor issued an edict ordering it to be placed in Dongguan. He resigned from office due to illness, was again recommended as a virtuous and upright man, ranked first in his responses during the examination, and was promoted to Yilang.
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永壽元年，遷安定屬國都尉。初到職，而南匈奴左薁鞬臺耆、且渠伯德等七千餘人寇美稷，東羌復舉種應之，而奐壁唯有二百許人，聞即勒兵而出。軍吏以為力不敵，叩頭爭止之。奐不聽，遂進屯長城，收集兵士，遣將王衛招誘東羌，因據龜茲，使南匈奴不得交通東羌。諸豪遂相率與奐和親，共擊薁鞬等，連戰破之。伯德惶恐，將其眾降，郡界以寧。 |
| | In the first year of Yongshou, he was transferred to serve as Shugu Guwei of Dingping. When he first assumed his post, more than seven thousand Southern Xiongnu led by Zuo Yu Jian Taiqi and Qiequ Bode attacked Meiji. The eastern Qiang also rose up in support. At the time, Huan had only about two hundred men under his command; upon hearing of the attack, he immediately mobilized his troops and marched out. The military officers believed their forces were outnumbered and fell to their knees in protest, trying to dissuade him. Huan refused to listen and advanced his troops to garrison at Changcheng, where he gathered soldiers. He sent a general named Wang Wei to recruit and entice the eastern Qiang, thereby occupying Guizi and cutting off communication between the Southern Xiongnu and the eastern Qiang. The tribal leaders then successively entered into alliances with Huan, joining forces to attack Yu Jian and others, defeating them in successive battles. Bode was terrified and led his followers in surrendering; thus the region returned to peace.
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羌豪帥感奐恩德，上馬二十匹，先零酋長又遺金鐻八枚。奐並受之，而召主簿於諸羌前，以酒酹地曰：「使馬如羊，不以入廄；使金如粟，不以入懷。」悉以金馬還之。羌性貪而貴吏清，前有八都尉率好財貨，為所患苦，及奐正身絜己，威化大行。 |
| | The Qiang tribal leaders were moved by Huan's kindness and virtue, presenting him with twenty horses. The Xianling chieftain also gave him eight gold jū ornaments. Huan accepted them all, then summoned the zhu bu officer in front of the Qiang leaders and poured wine on the ground while saying: "May these horses multiply like sheep, but I will not allow any to enter my stables; may this gold multiply like millet, but I shall not put a single piece into my bosom." He returned all the gold and horses to them. The Qiang were greedy, and previous officials who had been upright in character but corrupt in practice had caused them great suffering. When Huan maintained personal integrity and self-discipline, his authority and moral influence spread widely.
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遷使匈奴中郎將。時休屠各及朔方烏桓並同反叛，燒度遼將軍門，引屯赤阬，煙火相望。兵眾大恐，各欲亡去。奐安坐帷中，與弟子講誦自若，軍士稍安。乃潛誘烏桓陰與和通，遂使斬屠各渠帥，襲破其眾。諸胡悉降。 |
| | He was transferred to serve as Shihunhu Zhonglange Jiang. At that time, the Xuitu Ge and the Wuhuan of Shufang joined in rebellion together, burning down the gate of Duoliao Jiangjun's headquarters. They gathered at Chikeng, with smoke and fires visible from one camp to another. The soldiers were greatly frightened and each wanted to flee. Huan sat calmly in his tent, reciting texts with his disciples as usual; gradually, the soldiers calmed down. He secretly enticed the Wuhuan to secretly negotiate peace and thus had them kill the Xuitu Ge chieftain, launching a surprise attack that crushed their forces. All the Hu tribes surrendered.
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延熹元年，鮮卑寇邊，奐率南單于擊之，斬首數百級。 |
| | In the first year of Yuanxi, the Xianbei invaded the frontier; Huan led the Southern Chanyu to attack them and beheaded hundreds.
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明年，梁冀被誅，奐以故吏免官禁錮。奐與皇甫規友善，奐既被錮，凡諸交舊莫敢為言，唯規薦舉前後七上。在家四歲，復拜武威太守。平均徭賦，率厲散敗，常為諸郡最，河西由是而全。其俗多妖忌，凡二月、五月產子及與父母同月生者，悉殺之。奐示以義方，嚴加賞罰，風俗遂改，百姓生為立祠。舉尤異，遷度遼將軍。數載閒，幽、并清靜。 |
| | The following year, Liang Ji was executed, and Huan, as a former subordinate, was dismissed from office and banned from holding any official position. Huan had been close friends with Huangfu Gui; after Huan was banned, none of his old associates dared to speak on his behalf, except that Gui repeatedly recommended him in memorials—seven times in total. After four years at home, he was again appointed as Taihou of Wuwei. He fairly distributed corvée labor and taxes, reformed the disorganized administration, and consistently ranked highest among all commanderies; thus, the Hexi region remained intact. The local custom was filled with superstitious taboos; any child born in the second or fifth lunar month, or whose birth coincided with that of their parents, were all killed. Huan taught them the principles of righteousness and virtue, strictly enforcing rewards and punishments; thus, local customs changed, and the people built a shrine in his honor while he was still alive. He was recommended for special commendation and transferred to serve as Duoliao Jiangjun. For several years, Youzhou and Bingzhou remained peaceful and tranquil.
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九年春，徵拜大司農。鮮卑聞奐去，其夏，遂招結南匈奴、烏桓數道入塞，或五六千騎，或三四千騎，寇掠緣邊九郡，殺略百姓。秋，鮮卑復率八九千騎入塞，誘引東羌與共盟詛。於是上郡沈氐、安定先零諸種共寇武威、張掖，緣邊大被其毒。朝廷以為憂，復拜奐為護匈奴中郎將，以九卿秩督幽、并、涼三州及度遼、烏桓二營，兼察刺史、二千石能否，賞賜甚厚。匈奴、烏桓聞奐至，因相率還降，凡二十萬口。奐但誅其首惡，餘皆慰納之。唯鮮卑出塞去。 |
| | In the spring of the ninth year, he was summoned and appointed as Daisinan. When the Xianbei heard that Huan had left, in the summer of that year they invited and allied with the Southern Xiongnu and Wuhuan, launching multiple attacks into the frontier. Some groups numbered five or six thousand horsemen, others three or four thousand, raiding and plundering nine border commanderies and killing and capturing civilians. In the autumn, the Xianbei once again led eight or nine thousand horsemen into the frontier and lured the eastern Qiang to form an oath-bound alliance with them. At this time, the Shen Di of Shangjun and various tribes such as the Xianling of Dingping joined together to attack Wuwei and Zhangye; the border regions suffered greatly from their depredations. The court was greatly concerned and once again appointed Huan as Hu Hunu Zhonglang Jiang, granting him the rank of Jiusheng to oversee Youzhou, Bingzhou, and Liangzhou, as well as Duoliao and Wuhuan camps. He also had authority to inspect whether Cishi and officials at the Erqianshi level were competent or not; he was given generous rewards and gifts. When the Xiongnu and Wuhuan heard that Huan had arrived, they successively surrendered; altogether, there were 200,000 people. Huan executed only the ringleaders of the rebellion and comforted and accepted all others. Only the Xianbei withdrew beyond the frontier.
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永康元年春，東羌、先零五六千騎寇關中，圍祋祤，掠雲陽。夏，復攻沒兩營，殺千餘人。冬，羌岸尾、摩蟞等脅同種復鈔三輔。奐遣司馬尹端、董卓並擊，大破之，斬其酋豪，首虜萬餘人，三州清定。論功當封，奐不事宦官，故賞遂不行，唯賜錢二十萬，除家一人為郎。並辭不受，而願徙屬弘農華陰。舊制邊人不得內移，唯奐因功特聽，故始為弘農人焉。 |
| | In the spring of Yongkang Yuan Nian, five or six thousand cavalrymen from the eastern Qiang and Xianling raided Guanzhong, besieged Duiyi, and plundered Yunyang. In summer, they once again attacked and captured two camps, killing more than a thousand people. In winter, Qiang Anwei, Maoyei, and others coerced their fellow tribesmen to raid the Three Fu regions once again. Huan dispatched his Sima, Yin Duan and Dong Zhuo, to attack them together. They achieved a decisive victory, beheaded their chieftains, and captured more than ten thousand enemy soldiers; the three states were thus pacified. According to their merits, they should have been enfeoffed; however, Huan did not cultivate ties with eunuchs, so the reward was never carried out. He received only a monetary grant of 200,000 qian and had one member of his family appointed as Lang. He declined the reward and expressed a wish to transfer his household registration to Huayin, Hongnong. According to old regulations, people from the border regions were not allowed to relocate inward; only Huan was specially permitted due to his merits. Thus he became a native of Hongnong for the first time.
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建寧元年，振旅而還。時竇太后臨朝，大將軍竇武與太傅陳蕃謀誅宦官，事泄，中常侍曹節等於中作亂，以奐新徵，不知本謀，矯制使奐與少府周靖率五營士圍武。武自殺，蕃因見害。奐遷少府，又拜大司農，以功封侯。奐深病為節所賣，上書固讓，封還印綬，卒不肯當。 |
| | In Jianning Yuan Nian, he returned in triumph with his troops. At that time, Dou Taihou was regent. Grand General Dou Wu and Taifu Chen Fan plotted to eliminate the eunuchs; however, their plan was leaked. Zhongchangshi Cao Jie and others staged a coup in the palace. Since Huan had just been summoned and did not know about the original plot, they forged an imperial decree ordering Huan and Shaofu Zhou Jing to lead troops from the Five Camps to surround Dou Wu. Dou Wu committed suicide, and Chen Fan was consequently killed. Huan was promoted to Shaofu and then appointed as Daisinan; he was enfeoffed as a marquis for his merits. Huan deeply resented being betrayed by Jie, and submitted a memorial to firmly decline the title, returning his seal of office. He ultimately refused to accept it.
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明年夏，青蛇見於御坐軒前，又大風雨雹，霹靂拔樹，詔使百僚各言災應。奐上疏曰：「臣聞風為號令，動物通氣。木生於火，相須乃明。蛇能屈申，配龍騰蟄。順至為休徵，逆來為殃咎。陰氣專用，則凝精為雹。故大將軍竇武、太傅陳蕃，或志寧社稷，或方直不回，前以讒勝，並伏誅戮，海內默默，人懷震憤。昔周公葬不如禮，天乃動威。今武、蕃忠貞，未被明宥，妖眚之來，皆為此也。宜急為改葬，徙還家屬。其從坐禁錮，一切蠲除。又皇太后雖居南居，而恩禮不接，朝臣莫言，遠近失望。宜思大義顧復之報。」天子深納奐言，以問諸黃門常侍，左右皆惡之，帝不得自從。 |
| | In the following summer, a green snake appeared in front of the 轩 (xuan) chamber where the emperor sat. There was also heavy rain and hail, thunderstorms uprooting trees; an edict was issued ordering all officials to submit their views on the omens of disaster. Huan submitted a memorial, saying: "I have heard that wind signifies commands and can move living things, connecting their qi." Wood is born from fire; they depend on each other to become clear. Snakes can bend and stretch, corresponding with the dragon's ascent or hibernation. When they act in harmony, it is a sign of peace; when they come against nature, it brings disaster and blame. If yin energy dominates exclusively, it condenses into hail. Therefore, Grand General Dou Wu and Taifu Cheng Fan—either with the ambition to preserve the state or with integrity and straightforwardness—were previously defeated by slander and both executed. The whole country fell silent, and people harbored deep resentment and anger. In ancient times, when the Duke of Zhou was buried in a manner not conforming to rites, Heaven responded by displaying its wrath. Now Dou Wu and Chen Fan were loyal and upright, yet have not been granted clear clemency; the coming of these omens is all due to this. It would be appropriate to immediately provide them with a proper reburial and return their families to them. Those who were punished or confined due to association should all have their penalties lifted. Moreover, although the Empress Dowager is residing in the southern palace, she has not received proper respect or courtesy; no court official dares to speak up, and people near and far have become disheartened. The court should consider the great virtue of filial piety and repay it accordingly." The emperor deeply valued Huan's words and consulted the various Huangmen Changshi, but those around him all resented it; thus, the emperor could not follow his own inclinations.
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轉奐太常，與尚書劉猛、刁韙、衛良同薦王暢、李膺可參三公之選，而曹節等彌疾其言，遂下詔切責之。奐等皆自囚廷尉，數日乃得出，並以三月俸贖罪。司隸校尉王寓，出於宦官，欲借寵公卿，以求薦舉，百僚畏憚，莫不許諾，唯奐獨拒之。寓怒，因此遂陷以黨罪，禁錮歸田里。 |
| | Huan was transferred to Taichang. Together with Shushu Liu Meng, Diao Si, and Wei Liang, he recommended that Wang Chang and Li Ying were suitable for selection as San Gong (Three Dukes). However, Cao Jie et al. became even more resentful of his words, so the emperor issued an edict sharply rebuking him. Huan and others all voluntarily confined themselves to Tingwei; after several days, they were released, and their crimes were pardoned by paying the equivalent of three months' salary as redemption. Silijiao Wei Wang Yu, who came from the eunuch faction, wanted to borrow favor from high-ranking officials in order to obtain recommendations. All court officials feared and resented him but still agreed, except Huan, who alone refused. Wang Yu became angry; therefore, he falsely accused Huan of factionalism and had him banned from office, forcing him to return to his native village.
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| | 皇甫張段... : |
奐前為度遼將軍，與段熲爭擊羌，不相平。及熲為司隸校尉，欲逐奐歸敦煌，將害之。奐憂懼，奏記謝熲曰：「小人不明，得過州將，千里委命，以情相歸。足下仁篤，照其辛苦，使人未反，復獲郵書。恩詔分明，前以寫白，而州期切促，郡縣惶懼，屏營延企，側待歸命。父母朽骨，孤魂相託，若蒙矜憐，壹惠咳唾，則澤流黃泉，施及冥寞，非奐生死所能報塞。夫無毛髮之勞，而欲求人丘山之用，此淳于髡所以拍髀仰天而笑者也。誠知言必見譏，然猶未能無望。何者？朽骨無益於人，而文王葬之；死馬無所復用，而燕昭寶之。黨同文、昭之德，豈不大哉！凡人之情，冤則呼天，窮則叩心。今呼天不聞，叩心無益，誠自傷痛。俱生聖世，獨為匪人。孤微之人，無所告訴。如不哀憐，便為魚肉。企心東望，無所復言。」熲雖剛猛，省書哀之，卒不忍也。時禁錮者多不能守靜，或死或徙。奐閉門不出，養徒千人，著尚書記難三十餘萬言。 |
| | Previously, when Huan served as Duoliao Jiangjun, he had competed with Duan Jiong in attacking the Qiang and did not get along well. When Duan Jiong later became Silijiao Wei, he wanted to exile Huan back to Dunhuang and was about to harm him. Huan, fearing for his life, submitted a memorial of thanks to Jiong, saying: "I am an ignorant man who has received excessive favor from the state commander. I have entrusted my fate over thousands of miles and returned with sincerity." "Your kindness is deep, recognizing our hardships; before the messenger had even returned, I received another letter by post." "The imperial edict is clear and detailed, as I have already explained. However, the state's deadline is pressing; prefectures and counties are anxious and fearful, anxiously waiting for my return to submit my fate." "My parents' decaying bones and lonely spirits are entrusted to you. If Your Honor shows mercy and bestows even a moment's consideration, the grace will flow into the netherworld and reach those in darkness; this is beyond what Huan can repay in life or death." "To seek from others the strength of a mountain without having rendered even the slightest service, is precisely why Chunyu Kun struck his thigh and laughed to heaven." "I am indeed aware that my words will surely be ridiculed; yet I still cannot help but harbor some hope." "Why is this so?" "Decaying bones are of no benefit to anyone, yet King Wen buried them;" "a dead horse is of no further use, yet Yan Zhao cherished it." "To emulate the virtue of Wen and Zhao in their unity—how great that would be!" "Human nature is such that when wronged, one cries to Heaven; when desperate, one strikes the chest." "Now I cry to Heaven but receive no answer, and strike my heart in vain—this truly causes me great sorrow." "To live together in a holy age yet be uniquely branded as an evildoer—" "an isolated and lowly man, with no one to whom I can appeal." "If you do not show compassion, I shall become fish and meat at your mercy." "I look eastward with longing, having nothing more to say." Although Jiong was fierce and resolute, upon reading the letter he felt compassion for Huan and ultimately could not bring himself to carry out his plan. At that time, many of those banned from office were unable to remain quiet; some died, others were exiled. Huan remained indoors and did not go out, nurturing a thousand disciples, and composed more than 300,000 words of commentary on the Shangshu Ji Nan.
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| | 皇甫張段... : |
奐少立志節，嘗與士友言曰：「大丈夫處世，當為國家立功邊境。」及為將帥，果有勳名。董卓慕之，使其兄遺縑百匹。奐惡卓為人，絕而不受。光和四年卒，年七十八。遺命曰：「吾前後仕進，十要銀艾，不能和光同塵，為讒邪所忌。通塞命也，始終常也。但地厎冥冥，長無曉期，而復纏以纊綿，牢以釘密，為不喜耳。幸有前窀，朝殞夕下，措屍靈床，幅巾而已。奢非晉文，儉非王孫，推情從意，庶無咎吝。」諸子從之。武威多為立祠，世世不絕。所著銘、頌、書、教、誡述、志、對策、章表二十四篇。 |
| | From a young age, Huan set his mind on righteousness and integrity; he once said to his fellow scholars: "A true man in the world should establish merit for the state at the frontier." When he became a general, he indeed achieved distinguished fame and accomplishments. Dong Zhuo admired him and had his elder brother send 100 bolts of silk as a gift. Huan despised Dong Zhuo's character and refused the gift, cutting off all contact with him. He died in Guanghe Si Nian at the age of seventy-eight. In his last will, he said: "Throughout my career in office, I have held ten important positions and received the silver yai (a symbol of official rank), yet I could not blend with the crowd or conform to corruption. For this reason, I was resented by slanderers and villains." "Prosperity or adversity is a matter of fate; beginning and end are matters of constancy." "But the earth is dark and silent, with no hope of awakening; to be further wrapped in silk and sealed tightly with nails would bring me no joy." "I am fortunate that my earlier burial was arranged; I shall perish at dawn and be laid to rest by dusk, placed on a spirit bed with only a cloth covering." "Extravagance is not like that of Duke Wen of Jin, and frugality does not resemble Wang Sun. Following my feelings and wishes, I hope there will be no blame or regret." His sons followed his wishes. Many temples were built in Wuwei in his honor, and they have continued through the generations without interruption. He authored 24 essays on inscriptions, eulogies, writings, instructions, admonitions, records of aspirations, responses to imperial questions, and memorials.
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長子芝，字伯英，最知名。芝及弟昶，字文舒，並善草書，至今稱傳之。 |
| | His eldest son was Huangfu Zhi, courtesy name Boying, who was the most well-known. Zhi and his younger brother Huangfu Chang, courtesy name Wenshu, were both skilled in cursive script; their calligraphy is still praised and passed down to this day.
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初，奐為武威太守，其妻懷孕，夢帶奐印綬登樓而歌。訊之占者，曰：「必將生男，復臨茲邦，命終此數。」既而生子猛，以建安中為武威太守，殺刺史邯鄲商，州兵圍之急，猛恥見擒，乃登樓自燒而死，卒如占云。 |
| | Initially, when Huan served as Taishou of Wuwei, his wife was pregnant and dreamed that she wore Huan's seal ribbon, climbed a tower, and sang. She consulted an interpreter of omens, who said: "You will surely give birth to a son; he will once again govern this region and end his life here." Later, she gave birth to a son named Huangfu Meng. In the middle of Jian'an, he became Taishou of Wuwei and killed Cishi Handan Shang. When the state's troops surrounded him urgently, Meng was ashamed to be captured; thus, he climbed onto the tower and set himself on fire, dying as the omen had foretold.
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論曰：自鄛鄉之封，中官世盛，暴恣數十年閒，四海之內，莫不切齒憤盈，願投兵於其族。陳蕃、竇武奮義草謀，徵會天下，名士有識所共聞也，而張奐見欺豎子，揚戈以斷忠烈。雖恨毒在心，辭爵謝咎。《》云：「」 |
| | Commentary: Since the enfeoffment of Chouxiang, eunuchs have held great power for generations. For several decades they acted with arrogance and tyranny; throughout the four seas, no one failed to gnash their teeth in anger, wishing to hurl weapons at their clan. Chen Fan and Dou Wu rose to righteousness, forming secret plans and summoning the whole country; these were matters known by all learned men of repute. Yet Zhang Huan was deceived by a petty villain and raised his spear to cut down loyal and righteous men. Though hatred burned in his heart, he refused the title and apologized for his guilt. The Book of Songs says: "Drink your tears now; how can lamentations help you now!"
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| | 皇甫張段... : |
段熲字紀明，武威姑臧人也。其先出鄭共叔段，西域都護會宗之從曾孫也。熲少便習弓馬，尚遊俠，輕財賄，長乃折節好古學。初舉孝廉，為憲陵園丞、陽陵令，所在能政。 |
| | Duan Jiong, courtesy name Jiming, was a native of Guzang, Wuwei. His ancestors traced back to Duke Gongshu Duan of Zheng; he was the great-great-grandson of Hui Zong, former Du Hu of Xiyu. Jiong was young and skilled in archery and horsemanship; he admired wandering knights, valued wealth lightly, and when grown up, restrained his conduct to pursue ancient learning. Initially recommended as Xiao Lian, he served as Yuan Cheng of Xianling Mausoleum and Lingli of Yangling; wherever he was stationed, his governance was effective.
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| | 皇甫張段... : |
遷遼東屬國都尉。時鮮卑犯塞，熲即率所領馳赴之。既而恐賊驚去，乃使驛騎詐齎璽書詔熲，熲於道偽退，潛於還路設伏。虜以為信然，乃入追熲。熲因大縱兵，悉斬獲之。坐詐璽書伏重刑，以有功論司寇。刑竟，徵拜議郎。 |
| | He was promoted to Duyi of Liaodong Shugu Guo. At that time, the Xianbei violated the frontier; Jiong immediately led his troops to rush toward them. Later, fearing the bandits might flee in alarm, he sent a courier pretending to carry an imperial decree summoning Jiong. Jiong then pretended to retreat along the road and secretly set up an ambush on his return route. The enemy believed it true, so they entered in pursuit of Jiong. Jiong then launched a full-scale attack and completely annihilated them. He was punished for forging an imperial decree with severe penalties, but due to his meritorious service, the case was reviewed by Sikou (the official in charge of penal matters). After completing his sentence, he was summoned and appointed as Yilang.
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時太山、琅邪賊東郭竇、公孫舉等聚眾三萬人，破壞郡縣，遣兵討之，連年不克。永壽二年，桓帝詔公卿選將有文武者，司徒尹訟薦熲，乃拜為中郎將。擊竇、舉等，大破斬之，獲首萬餘級，餘黨降散。封熲為列侯，賜錢五十萬，除一子為郎中。 |
| | At that time, rebels such as Dongguo Dou and Gongsun Ju in Taishan and Langya gathered 30,000 followers, destroyed prefectures and counties, and the imperial army sent to suppress them failed for several years. In Yongshou Er Nian, Emperor Huan issued an edict ordering the gongqing (high officials) to select a general who possessed both literary and martial skills. Siku Tu Yin Song recommended Jiong, so he was appointed as Zhonglang Jiang. Jiong attacked Dou and Ju et al., achieving a decisive victory, killing them and capturing more than 10,000 enemy heads. The remaining rebels surrendered or dispersed. Jiong was enfeoffed as Liehou (a marquis), granted 500,000 in money, and one of his sons was appointed as Langzhong.
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延熹二年，遷護羌校尉。會燒當、燒何、當煎、勒姐等八種羌寇隴西、金城塞，熲將兵及湟中義從羌萬二千騎出湟谷，擊破之。追討南度河，使軍吏田晏、夏育募先登，懸索相引，復戰於羅亭，大破之，斬其酋豪以下二千級，獲生口萬餘人，虜皆奔走。 |
| | In Yuanxi Er Nian, he was promoted to Hu Qiang Jiao Wei. At that time, eight tribes of Qiang people including Shaodang, Shaohé, Dangjian, and Lejie raided Longxi and Jincheng frontier defenses. Jiong led his troops as well as 12,000 cavalry from the loyalist Qiang in Huangzhong through Huanggu Valley and defeated them. He pursued the rebels across the southern bank of the He River, and ordered his officers Tian Yan and Xia Yu to recruit vanguard troops. The soldiers used hanging ropes to pull each other forward. They fought again at Luoting and achieved a decisive victory, beheading more than 2,000 of their chieftains and subordinates, capturing over 10,000 prisoners, and causing the enemy to flee in panic.
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明年春，餘羌復與燒何大豪寇張掖，攻沒鉅鹿塢，殺屬國吏民，又招同種千餘落，并兵晨奔熲軍。熲下馬大戰，至日中，刀折矢盡，虜亦引退。熲追之，且鬥且行，晝夜相攻，割肉食雪，四十餘日，遂至河首積石山，出塞二千餘里，斬燒何大帥，首虜五千餘人。又分兵擊石城羌，斬首溺死者千六百人。燒當種九十餘口詣熲降。又雜種羌屯聚白石，熲復進擊，首虜三千餘人。冬，勒姐、零吾種圍允街，殺略吏民，熲排營救之，斬獲數百人。 |
| | The following spring, the remaining Qiang rebels once again allied with Shaohé's powerful chieftain to raid Zhangye, attacked and captured Julu Wu, killed officials and civilians of the vassal state, and then recruited more than a thousand tents from their own tribe. They combined forces and launched a surprise attack on Jiong's army at dawn. Jiong dismounted to fight fiercely, and by midday his sword was broken and his arrows exhausted; the enemy also withdrew. Jiong pursued them, fighting while advancing, engaging in continuous battles day and night. They cut meat to eat and melted snow for water, enduring this for more than forty days until they reached the Jishishi Mountains at the headwaters of the Yellow River, crossing beyond the frontier by over 2,000 li. There he beheaded Shaohé's great commander and captured more than 5,000 enemies. He then dispatched part of his troops to attack the Shicheng Qiang, killing or drowning more than 1,600 rebels. More than ninety members of the Shaodang tribe surrendered to Jiong. Other mixed tribes of Qiang had gathered at Baishi, and Jiong once again advanced to attack them, capturing more than 3,000 enemies. In winter, the Lejie and Lingwu tribes besieged Yunjia, killing and looting officials and civilians. Jiong deployed his camp to rescue them, slaying hundreds of rebels.
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四年冬，上郡沈氐、隴西牢姐、烏吾諸種羌共寇并涼二州，熲將湟中義從討之。涼州刺史郭閎貪共其功，稽固熲軍，使不得進。義從役久，戀鄉舊，皆悉反叛。郭閎歸罪於熲，熲坐徵下獄，輸作左校。羌遂陸梁，覆沒營塢，轉相招結，唐突諸郡，於是吏人守闕訟熲以千數。朝廷知熲為郭閎所誣，詔問其狀。熲但謝罪，不敢言枉，京師稱為長者。起於徒中，復拜議郎，遷并州刺史。 |
| | In the winter of the fourth year, various tribes of Qiang including Shen Di from Shangjun, Laojie and Wuwu from Longxi jointly raided Bingzhou and Liangzhou. Jiong led loyalist forces from Huangzhong to suppress them. Liangzhou Cishi Guo Hong was greedy for the credit and deliberately delayed Jiong's troops, preventing them from advancing. The loyalist forces had been on campaign for a long time and were homesick; they all rebelled. Guo Hong blamed Jiong, and as a result, Jiong was recalled and imprisoned, later being sentenced to labor at Zuoxiao. The Qiang rebels then grew bold, destroying camps and fortresses, spreading their alliances, and raiding various prefectures. As a result, thousands of officials and commoners gathered at the palace gates to petition on Jiong's behalf. The imperial court learned that Jiong had been falsely accused by Guo Hong and issued an edict to investigate the matter. Jiong merely apologized for his mistakes, without daring to claim innocence, and was praised in the capital as a man of virtue. He was appointed from among commoners, reappointed as Yilang, and later promoted to Bingzhou Cishi.
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時滇那等諸種羌五六千人寇武威、張掖、酒泉，燒人廬舍。六年，寇埶轉盛，涼州幾亡。冬，復以熲為護羌校尉，乘驛之職。明年春，羌封僇、良多、滇那等酋豪三百五十五人率三千落詣熲降。當煎、勒姐種猶自屯結。冬，熲將萬餘人擊破之，斬其酋豪，首虜四千餘人。 |
| | At that time, more than 5,000 Qiang rebels from tribes such as Dianna attacked Wuwei, Zhangye, and Jiuquan, burning people's homes. In the sixth year, the bandit attacks grew increasingly fierce, and Liangzhou was nearly lost. In winter, Jiong was once again appointed as Hu Qiang Jiao Wei and traveled to his post by imperial courier. The following spring, 355 chieftains of the Qiang tribes Fengu, Liangduo, Dianna et al., led by more than 3,000 tents, surrendered to Jiong. The Dangjian and Lejie tribes still gathered in their strongholds. In winter, Jiong led more than 10,00 people to attack and defeat them, beheading their chieftains, and capturing over 4,000 enemies.
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八年春，熲復擊勒姐種，斬首四百餘級，降者二千餘人。夏，進軍擊當煎種於湟中，熲兵敗，被圍三日，用隱士樊志張策，潛師夜出，鳴鼓還戰，大破之，首虜數千人。熲遂窮追，展轉山谷閒，自春及秋，無日不戰，虜遂飢困敗散，北略武威閒。 |
| | In the spring of the eighth year, Jiong once again attacked the Lejie tribe, beheading more than 400 rebels and securing the surrender of over 2,000 others. In summer, Jiong advanced to attack the Dangjian tribe in Huangzhong. His troops were defeated and surrounded for three days. Following the strategy of reclusive scholar Fan Zhi Zhang, he secretly led his army out at night, sounded war drums as if returning for battle, and achieved a decisive victory over the enemy, capturing thousands of rebels. Jiong then pursued relentlessly, moving back and forth through the mountains and valleys. From spring to autumn, there was no day without battle; the enemy gradually became starved and exhausted, their forces scattered, and they retreated northward into Wuwei.
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熲凡破西羌，斬首二萬三千級，獲生口數萬人，馬牛羊八百萬頭，降者萬餘落。封熲都鄉侯，邑五百戶。 |
| | In total, Jiong defeated the western Qiang rebels, beheading 23,000 of them, capturing tens of thousands of prisoners, seizing eight million heads of cattle, sheep, and horses, and securing the surrender of more than ten thousand tents. Jiong was enfeoffed with the title Duxiang Hou (Lord of Duxiang), granted a fief of 500 households.
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永康元年，當煎諸種復反，合四千餘人，欲攻武威，熲復追擊於鸞鳥，大破之，殺其渠帥，斬首三千餘級，西羌於此弭定。 |
| | In the first year of Yongkang, various tribes of Dangjian once again rebelled, uniting more than 4,000 people and attempting to attack Wuwei. Jiong pursued them at Luanniao, achieving a decisive victory by killing their leaders and beheading over 3,000 rebels; the western Qiang were thus pacified.
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| | 皇甫張段... : |
而東羌先零等，自覆沒征西將軍馬賢後，朝廷不能討，遂數寇擾三輔。其後度遼將軍皇甫規、中郎將張奐招之連年，既降又叛。桓帝詔問熲曰：「先零東羌造惡反逆，而皇甫規、張奐各擁強眾，不時輯定。欲熲移兵東討，未識其宜，可參思術略。」熲因上言曰：「臣伏見先零東羌雖數叛逆，而降於皇甫規者，已二萬許落，善惡既分，餘寇無幾。今張奐躊躇久不進者，當慮外離內合，兵往必驚。且自冬踐春，屯結不散，人畜疲羸，自亡之埶，徒更招降，坐制強敵耳。臣以為狼子野心，難以恩納，埶窮雖服，兵去復動。唯當長矛挾脅，白刃加頸耳。計東種所餘三萬餘落，居近塞內，路無險折，非有燕、齊、秦、趙從橫之埶，而久亂并、涼，累侵三輔，西河、上郡，已各內徙，安定、北地，復至單危，自雲中、五原，西至漢陽二千餘里，匈奴、種羌，並擅其地，是為帻疽伏疾，留滯脅下，如不加誅，轉就滋大。今若以騎五千，步萬人，車三千兩，三冬二夏，足以破定，無慮用費為錢五十四億。如此，則可令群羌破盡，匈奴長服，內徙郡縣，得反本土。伏計永初中，諸羌反叛，十有四年，用二百四十億；永和之末，復經七年，用八十餘億。費耗若此，猶不誅盡，餘孽復起，于茲作害。今不暫疲人，則永寧無期。臣庶竭駑劣，伏待節度。」帝許之，悉聽如所上。 |
| | Meanwhile, the eastern Qiang tribes such as Xingling, after having wiped out General Ma Xian of the Western Expeditionary Army, could not be suppressed by the imperial court and thus repeatedly raided the Three Fu regions. Later, Du Liao Jiangjun Huangfu Gui and Zhonglang Jiang Zhang Huan had been trying for years to pacify them, but the rebels surrendered only to rebel again. Emperor Huan issued an edict asking Jiong, "The Xingling eastern Qiang have committed evil and rebellion. Yet Huangfu Gui and Zhang Huan each command strong forces but have not yet pacified the situation in a timely manner. I wish for you to transfer your troops eastward to suppress them, but I am unsure whether this is appropriate; please consider and devise a strategy." Jiong therefore submitted a memorial stating, "I have observed that although the Xingling eastern Qiang rebels have frequently defected and rebelled, more than 20,000 tents have already surrendered to Huangfu Gui. With good and evil now clearly separated, there are only a few remaining bandits left. Now Zhang Huan hesitates and delays advancing because he fears that the rebels will be divided externally but united internally, and any military movement would certainly alarm them. Moreover, since winter into spring, they have gathered and not dispersed; their people and livestock are exhausted. This is a situation of inevitable self-destruction. We should merely offer further surrender terms and sit in control over the enemy forces. I believe that these wolves, with their feral hearts, cannot be tamed by kindness alone. Even if they submit when cornered, once our troops withdraw, they will rise again. The only way is to hold them at spearpoint and press a sword against their throats. Currently, the remaining eastern tribes number more than 30,00 tents. They reside near the frontier within easy reach, where there are no dangerous or winding paths. Unlike the cross-border forces of Yan, Qi, Qin, and Zhao in ancient times, these rebels have long caused chaos in Bingzhou and Liangzhou, repeatedly invading the Three Fu regions. The Xihed and Shangjun areas have already been internally relocated; Dinging and Beidi are once again in peril. From Yunzhong and Wuyuan to Hanyang, a distance of more than 2,0 li, the Xiongnu and Qiang tribes jointly control these lands. This is like an abscessed wound festering beneath one's ribs—if not eradicated, it will only grow worse over time. Now, if we deploy 5,00 cavalrymen, 10,00 infantry soldiers, and 3,00 carts, it would take three winters and two summers to completely pacify the situation. This operation should cost no more than fifty-four hundred million in money. If this is done, then we can destroy all the Qiang rebels and ensure that the Xiongnu remain permanently subdued. The internally relocated prefectures and counties will be able to return to their original lands. I have calculated that during the Yongchu era, when various Qiang tribes rebelled for fourteen years, it cost 240 hundred million. By the end of the Yonghe era, another seven years were spent suppressing them, costing more than eighty hundred million. Spending so much and yet still failing to completely eradicate the rebels has allowed their remnants to rise again, causing harm once more. If we do not briefly exhaust our people in this campaign, there will be no foreseeable peace. I humbly offer my mediocre abilities and await your orders." The emperor approved his proposal, granting full authority as requested.
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| | 皇甫張段... : |
建寧元年春，熲將兵萬餘人，齎十五日糧，從彭陽直指高平，與先零諸種戰於逢義山。虜兵盛，熲眾恐。熲乃令軍中張鏃利刃，長矛三重，挾以強弩，列輕騎為左右翼。淚怒兵將曰：「今去家數千里，進則事成，走必盡死，努力共功名！」因大呼，眾皆應騰赴，熲馳騎於傍，突而擊之，虜眾大潰，斬首八千餘級，獲牛馬羊二十八萬頭。 |
| | In the first year of Jianning, in spring, Jiong led over 10,0 troops with fifteen days' worth of provisions and marched directly from Pengyang to Gaoping. He fought against various tribes of Xingling at Fengyi Mountain. The enemy forces were strong, and Jiong's soldiers became fearful. Jiong then ordered the troops to load their crossbows, sharpen their blades, and arrange three layers of long spears, supported by powerful crossbowmen. He deployed light cavalry as left and right wings. Tears in his eyes, Jiong addressed the soldiers angrily: "Now we are thousands of li away from home. If we advance, our mission will succeed; if we retreat, we shall all perish. Strive together for glory!" He then let out a loud cry, and the soldiers all responded with enthusiasm. Jiong rode alongside them, charging suddenly into battle; the enemy forces collapsed in panic, suffering more than 8,000 beheaded rebels and capturing 280,000 cattle, horses, and sheep.
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| | 皇甫張段... : |
時竇太后臨朝，下詔曰：「先零東羌歷載為患，熲前陳狀，欲必埽滅。涉履霜雪，兼行晨夜，身當矢石，感厲吏士。曾未浹日，凶醜奔破，連尸積俘，掠獲無筭。洗雪百年之逋負，以慰忠將之亡魂。功用顯著，朕甚嘉之。須東羌盡定，當并錄功勤。今且賜熲錢二十萬，以家一人為郎中。」敕中藏府調金錢綵物，增助軍費。拜熲羌將軍。 |
| | At that time, Empress Dowager Dou was regent and issued an edict: "The Xingling eastern Qiang has been a long-standing threat. Jiong previously submitted his report, insisting on completely eradicating them. He braved frost and snow, marching day and night without rest, personally facing arrows and stones, inspiring his officials and soldiers with his courage. Within less than ten days, the wicked rebels fled in disarray; corpses piled up along with countless captives and spoils of war. This has washed away a century's worth of accumulated grievances, bringing solace to the souls of loyal generals who perished. His achievements are remarkable; I greatly commend him. Once the eastern Qiang is fully pacified, we will jointly record and reward his meritorious service. For now, I shall grant Jiong 200,00 in money and appoint one member of his family as Langzhong." An imperial decree was issued ordering the Zhongcang Fu (Imperial Treasury) to allocate gold, money, and colorful goods to increase military funding. Jiong was appointed as Qiang Jiangjun (General against the Qiang).
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| | 皇甫張段... : |
夏，熲復追羌出橋門，至走馬水上。尋聞虜在奢延澤，乃將輕兵兼行，一日一夜二百餘里，晨及賊，擊破之。餘虜走向落川，復相屯結。熲乃分遣騎司馬田晏將五千人出其東，假司馬夏育將二千人繞其西。羌分六七千人攻圍晏等，晏等與戰，羌潰走。熲急進，與晏等共追之於令鮮水上。熲士卒飢渴，乃勒眾推方奪其水，虜復散走。熲遂與相連綴，且鬥且引，及於靈武谷。熲乃被甲先登，士卒無敢後者。羌遂大敗，棄兵而走。追之三日三夜，士皆重繭。既到涇陽，餘寇四千落，悉散入漢陽山谷閒。 |
| | In summer, Jiong again pursued the Qiang rebels beyond Qiomen and reached the Womashui River. Soon he learned that the enemy was at Shayan Zhe, so he led a light force and marched day and night for more than 200 li in one day and night. At dawn, he caught up with the rebels and defeated them. The remaining rebels fled toward Luochuan but regrouped again. Jiong then dispatched Qisi Ma Tian Yan with 5,00 men to attack from the east and Jiasi Ma Xia Yu with 2,00 men to circle around from the west. The Qiang rebels split into six or seven thousand people and launched an attack on Tian Yan et al., who engaged them in battle, causing the Qiang to flee. Jiong quickly advanced and joined forces with Tian Yan et al. to pursue the rebels along the Lingxian Shui River. Jiong's soldiers were starving and thirsty, so he ordered his men to seize the water by force; the rebels scattered once again. Jiong then kept up continuous pressure, fighting while advancing and retreating, eventually reaching Lingwu Valley. Jiong donned his armor and led the charge himself; no soldier dared to lag behind. The Qiang rebels were thus thoroughly defeated, abandoning their weapons and fleeing. Jiong pursued them for three days and nights; his soldiers' feet were all blistered from the effort. After reaching Jingyang, more than 4,0 tents of remaining rebels scattered into the mountains and valleys of Hanyang.
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| | 皇甫張段... : |
時張奐上言：「東羌雖破，餘種難盡，熲性輕果，慮負敗難常。宜且以恩降，可無後悔。」詔書下熲。熲復上言：「臣本知東羌雖眾，而軟弱易制，所以比陳愚慮，思為永寧之筭。而中郎將張奐，說虜強難破，宜用招降。聖朝明監，信納瞽言，故臣謀得行，奐計不用。事埶相反，遂懷猜恨。信叛羌之訴，飾潤辭意，云臣兵累見折衄，又言羌一氣所生，不可誅盡，山谷廣大，不可空靜，血流汙野，傷和致災。臣伏念周秦之際，戎狄為害，中興以來，羌寇最盛，誅之不盡，雖降復叛。今先零雜種，累以反覆，攻沒縣邑，剽略人物，發冢露尸，禍及生死，上天震怒，假手行誅。昔邢為無道，衛國伐之，師興而雨。臣動兵涉夏，連獲甘澍，歲時豐稔，人無疵疫。上占天心，不為災傷；下察人事，眾和師克。自橋門以西，落川以東，故宮縣邑，更相通屬，非為深險絕域之地，車騎安行，無應折衄。案奐為漢吏，身當武職，駐軍二年，不能平寇，虛欲修文戢戈，招降獷敵，誕辭空說，僭而無徵。何以言之？昔先零作寇，趙充國徙令居內，煎當亂邊，馬援遷之三輔，始服終叛，至今為鯁。故遠識之士，以為深憂。今傍郡戶口單少，數為羌所創毒，而欲令降徒與之雜居，是猶種枳棘於良田，養虺蛇於室內也。故臣奉大漢之威，建長久之策，欲絕其本根，不使能殖。本規三歲之費，用五十四億，今適期年，所耗未半，而餘寇殘燼，將向殄滅。臣每奉詔書，軍不內御，願卒斯言，一以任臣，臣時量宜，不失權便。」 |
| | At that time, Zhang Huan submitted a memorial: "Although the eastern Qiang have been defeated, their remaining tribes are difficult to completely eliminate. Jiong is impetuous and reckless; I fear he may suffer defeat or face unforeseen difficulties. It would be better to pacify them with kindness, thus avoiding future regrets." The imperial edict was sent down to Jiong. Jiong responded with another memorial: "I originally knew that although the eastern Qiang are numerous, they are weak and easily controlled. That is why I repeatedly submitted my humble concerns, seeking a lasting solution for peace. However, Zhonglang Jiang Zhang Huan claimed the rebels were strong and difficult to defeat, suggesting that we should use persuasion for surrender. The holy dynasty has shown wise judgment by accepting the words of a blind man (a humble self-reference), so my strategy was implemented, while Zhang Huan's plan was not adopted. With our strategies opposing each other, he has thus harbored suspicions and resentment. He has believed the rebels' accusations, embellished his words and intentions, claiming that my troops have repeatedly suffered defeats. He also said that the Qiang are born of a single breath (i.e., one people), so they cannot be completely exterminated; the valleys are vast and cannot be emptied or pacified; blood flowing across the fields would harm harmony and bring disaster. I humbly recall that during the transition between the Zhou and Qin dynasties, the Rong and Di tribes caused great harm. Since the revival of our dynasty, Qiang bandits have been most rampant; if not completely exterminated, they will rebel again even after surrendering. Now, the mixed tribes of Xingling have repeatedly rebelled and recaptured counties, looted people and goods, dug up graves to expose corpses, bringing disaster upon both the living and the dead. Heaven is enraged and has entrusted us with their punishment. In ancient times, when the state of Xing was ruled by an unjust king, the state of Wei attacked it; when the army marched, rain fell. When I mobilized troops in summer, timely rains followed, resulting in a bountiful harvest and no disease among the people. The heavens have shown favor; there has been no disaster or harm. Observing human affairs below, the people are united and our forces victorious. From Qiomen in the west to Luochuan in the east, the old palaces and county seats are interconnected; this is not a remote or perilous land. Carriages and cavalry can travel safely without suffering defeat. Zhang Huan, as an official of the Han dynasty and a military officer, has stationed his troops for two years yet failed to pacify the rebels. He now falsely proposes using diplomacy instead of force, attempting to surrender these unruly enemies with empty words and baseless claims. Why do I say this? In the past, when Xingling rebels caused trouble, General Zhao Chongguo ordered them to be relocated inward. When Jiandang disturbed the borders, General Ma Yuan moved them to the Three Fu regions; they were initially subdued but eventually rebelled again and remain a thorn in our side until today. Therefore, those with foresight regard this as a deep concern. Now, the neighboring commanderies have few and weak populations, repeatedly ravaged by the Qiang. To now wish to settle surrendered rebels among them is like planting thorny shrubs in fertile fields or raising venomous snakes within one's home. Therefore, I uphold the might of the great Han dynasty and propose a long-term strategy to eradicate their root cause so that they cannot reproduce or grow. Originally, the plan for three years required an expenditure of 5.4 billion coins; now that only one year has passed, less than half has been spent, and the remaining rebels are on the verge of being completely destroyed. I have always received imperial edicts stating that the army should not be controlled from within. I respectfully request to complete this mission, entrusting me entirely with responsibility; at the appropriate time, I will assess the situation and act without losing the advantage."
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| | 皇甫張段... : |
二年，詔遣謁者馮禪說降漢陽散羌。熲以春農，百姓布野，羌雖暫降，而縣官無廩，必當復為盜賊，不如乘虛放兵，埶必殄滅。夏，熲自進營，去羌所屯凡亭山四五十里，遣田晏、夏育將五千人據其山上。羌悉眾攻之，厲聲問曰：「田晏、夏育在此不？湟中義從羌悉在何面？今日欲決死生。」軍中恐，晏等勸激兵士，殊死大戰，遂破之。羌眾潰，東奔，復聚射虎谷，分兵守諸谷上下門。熲規一舉滅之，不欲復令散走，乃遣千人於西縣結木為柵，廣二十步，長四十里，遮之。分遣晏、育等將七千人，銜枚夜上西山，結營穿塹，去虜一里許。又遣司馬張愷等將三千人上東山。虜乃覺之，遂攻晏等，分遮汲水道。熲自率步騎進擊水上，羌卻走，因與愷等挾東西山，縱兵擊破之，羌復敗散。熲追至谷上下門窮山深谷之中，處處破之，斬其渠帥以下萬九千級，獲牛馬驢騾氈裘廬帳什物，不可勝數。馮禪等所招降四千人，分置安定、漢陽、隴西三郡，於是東羌悉平。 |
| | In the second year, an imperial edict was issued sending Yishi Feng Chan to persuade the scattered Qiang of Hanyang into surrender. Huangfu Gui believed that in spring, when farmers are sowing and the people are scattered across the fields, even if the Qiang temporarily surrender, since the government has no stored grain to provide for them, they will inevitably become bandits again. It would be better to take advantage of this opportunity and launch a military campaign; the rebels can then certainly be completely destroyed. In summer, Huangfu Gui advanced his camp and positioned it about forty to fifty li away from the Qiang's encampment at Fanting Mountain. He dispatched Tian Yan and Xia Yu with 5,000 troops to occupy the mountain. The Qiang mobilized all their forces to attack them, shouting loudly and asking, "Are Tian Yan and Xia Yu here?" Where are the loyalist Qiang from Huangzhong?" We have come today to decide life or death." The Han forces were alarmed, but Tian Yan and others encouraged the soldiers, leading them into a desperate battle that eventually broke the enemy's resistance. The Qiang forces were routed and fled eastward, regrouping in Shehu Valley and dividing their troops to defend the upper and lower passes of the valley. Huangfu Gui planned to eliminate them in one decisive move, not wanting the rebels to scatter again. He therefore sent 1,000 men to Xixian to build a wooden stockade, twenty bu wide and forty li long, to block their escape. He also dispatched Tian Yan, Xia Yu, and others with 7,000 men, who silently climbed the western mountain at night, set up camps, dug trenches, and positioned themselves about one li away from the enemy. He also sent Sima Zhang Kai and others with 3,000 men up to the eastern mountain. The rebels then became aware of this and launched an attack on Tian Yan's forces, dividing their attention by blocking the water supply routes. Huangfu Gui personally led infantry and cavalry to attack the rebels at the water source. The Qiang retreated, and thus Huangfu Gui joined forces with Zhang Kai's troops on both the eastern and western mountains, launching a coordinated assault that defeated them. The Qiang were once again routed and scattered. Huangfu Gui pursued the rebels into the remote mountains and deep valleys at the upper and lower gates of Shehu Valley, defeating them everywhere. He beheaded 19,000 of their leaders and subordinates, capturing an immeasurable number of cattle, horses, donkeys, mules, felt cloaks, tents, and other belongings. The 4,000 rebels who had surrendered through Feng Chan and others were resettled in the three commanderies of Dingping, Hanyang, and Longxi. Thus, all the eastern Qiang rebels were pacified.
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| | 皇甫張段... : |
凡百八十戰，斬三萬八千六百餘級，獲牛馬羊騾驢駱駝四十二萬七千五百餘頭，費用四十四億，軍士死者四百餘人。更封新豐縣侯，邑萬戶。熲行軍仁愛，士卒疾病者，親自瞻省，手為裹創。在邊十餘年，未嘗一日蓐寢。與將士同苦，故皆樂為死戰。 |
| | In total, there were 180 battles; 38,600 rebels were beheaded. The forces captured over 427,500 cattle, horses, sheep, mules, donkeys, and camels. Total expenses amounted to 4.4 billion coins, with more than 400 soldiers killed in the campaign. He was later enfeoffed as Marquis of Xinfeng Xian, with a fief of ten thousand households. Huangfu Gui was kind and compassionate in his command; when soldiers fell ill, he personally visited them and bandaged their wounds with his own hands. For more than ten years on the frontier, he never once rested in a bed or slept comfortably. He shared hardships with his officers and soldiers, so they were all willing to fight to the death for him.
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| | 皇甫張段... : |
三年春，徵還京師，將秦胡步騎五萬餘人，及汗血千里馬，生口萬餘人。詔遣大鴻臚持節慰勞於鎬。軍至，拜侍中。轉執金吾河南尹。有盜發馮貴人冢，坐左轉諫議大夫，再遷司隸校尉。 |
| | In spring of the third year, he was summoned back to the capital and brought with him more than 50,000 infantry and cavalry from Qinhu, along with thousands of Qianli horses (blood-sweating steeds) and over ten thousand captives. An imperial edict was issued, sending the Grand Honglu with a ceremonial staff to offer condolences and rewards in Hao. When his army arrived, he was appointed as Shizhong (Attendant-in-Ordinary). He later transferred to the position of Zhijinwu and served as governor of Henan. When thieves robbed the tomb of Feng Guiren, he was held responsible and demoted to Jinyi Daifu. He later advanced twice and became Sili Jiao Wei (Inspector General).
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| | 皇甫張段... : |
熲曲意宦官，故得保其富貴，遂黨中常侍王甫，枉誅中常侍鄭颯、董騰等，增封四千戶，并前萬四千戶。 |
| | Huangfu Gui bent to the will of eunuchs, thus preserving his wealth and rank. He allied with Zhongchangshi Wang Fu and wrongfully executed other Zhongchangshi officials Zheng Sa and Dong Teng, among others. As a result, he received an additional fief of 4,000 households, totaling 14,000 in all.
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| | 皇甫張段... : |
明年，伐李咸為太尉，其冬病罷，復為司隸校尉。數歲，轉潁川太守，徵拜太中大夫。 |
| | The following year, he was appointed Taiwei (Grand Commandant). That winter, he fell ill and resigned from office but was again appointed Sili Jiao Wei. After several years, he transferred to serve as governor of Yingchuan, then was summoned and appointed Tai Zhongdafa (Grand Middle Doctor).
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| | 皇甫張段... : |
光和二年，復代橋玄為太尉。在位月餘，會日食自劾，有司舉奏，詔收印綬，詣廷尉。時司隸校尉陽球奏誅王甫，并及熲，就獄中詰責之，遂飲鴆死，家屬徙邊。後中常侍呂強上疏，追訟熲功，靈帝詔熲妻子還本郡。 |
| | In the second year of Guanghe, he once again succeeded Qiao Xuan as Taiwei. He held the position for more than a month when an eclipse occurred, prompting him to self-reproach. The authorities submitted accusations against him, and an imperial edict ordered his seals of office confiscated and sent him to Tingwei (Office of the Imperial Judge). At that time, Sili Jiao Wei Yang Qiu submitted a memorial requesting the execution of Wang Fu and Huangfu Gui as well. He interrogated and accused Huangfu Gui in prison, who then drank poison and died; his family was exiled to the frontier regions. Later, Zhongchangshi Lü Qiang submitted a memorial, posthumously commending Huangfu Gui's contributions. Emperor Ling issued an edict allowing his wife and children to return to their native commandery.
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| | 皇甫張段... : |
初，熲與皇甫威明、張然明，並知名顯達，京師稱為「涼州三明」云。 |
| | Initially, Huangfu Gui was alongside Huangfu Weiming and Zhang Ranming, all of whom were well known and prominent. The capital referred to them as the "Three Brightnesses of Liangzhou."
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| | 皇甫張段... : |
贊曰：山西多猛，「三明」儷蹤。戎驂糾結，塵斥河、潼。規、奐審策，亟遏囂凶。文會志比，更相為容。段追兩狄，束馬縣鋒。紛紜騰突，谷靜山空。 |
| | Commentary: Shanxi has many valiant men; the "Three Brightnesses" followed in each other's footsteps. The Rong and Can tribes formed a coalition, their dust obscuring the He and Tong rivers. Gui and Huan carefully planned strategies to swiftly suppress the rebels' violence. With literary gatherings and shared aspirations, they supported each other in mutual understanding. Duan pursued the two Di tribes, tethering their horses and sharpening their weapons for battle. Amidst chaos and sudden attacks, valleys fell silent and mountains stood empty.
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