生平

祖父是女真完顏部的族長烏古廼（景祖）、父劾里鉢是烏古廼的次子。阿骨打是劾里鉢的次子。生母是女真挐懶部首長的女兒翼簡皇后。

遼國天慶三年（1113年）十月，其兄烏雅束死，繼位女真各部落聯盟長，稱都勃極烈。天慶四年，率2500人起兵叛遼，破寧江州（今吉林省扶餘市東南）。蕭嗣先率7000精兵集結於出河店，阿骨打率兵3700乘夜奔襲，渡混同江（今松花江），大敗遼軍。天慶五年農歷正月初一（1115年1月28日），阿骨打在會寧（今黑龍江省哈爾濱市阿城區南白城）稱帝，建立大金，年號收國，改名完顏旻。天慶五年九月，攻佔黃龍府（今吉林省農安縣）城。

天輔三年（1119年），遼天祚帝冊封完顏旻為東懷國皇帝，但冊文不稱完顏旻為兄長、國號不稱大金，故他不接受冊封，繼續攻打遼國。

天輔四年（1120年），與宋朝訂攻遼計劃，攻陷遼上京臨潢府（今內蒙古自治區巴林左旗南）。天輔六年（1122年），取遼中京（今內蒙古自治區寧城縣西）；是年年底，攻陷燕京（今北京市）。天輔七年（1123年）八月，返金上京（今黑龍江省哈爾濱市阿城區附近）途中病逝。他死後，在天會三年六月上諡號大聖皇帝，同年十二月改為大聖武元皇帝，廟號是太祖。皇統五年十月，增諡為應乾興運昭德定功仁明莊孝大聖武元皇帝。

2003年9月5日，北京市政府文物局發表：1980年代在北京市西南郊外的九龍山的金朝陵墓，證實是完顏阿骨打的石棺、遺骨及裝飾物。

對外政策

完顏阿骨打相當痛恨遼，但對宋相當和善，在建國之初就有意與宋聯合，和後來諸代金朝帝王對宋朝充滿敵對大不相同。當宋以「海上之盟」求燕京（今北京西南）及西京（今山西大同）地，金國大臣左企弓曾勸阿骨打不要歸還從遼那裡取得包括「燕雲十六州」及其他長城以南在內的燕地，但阿骨打還是如約歸還了燕京、涿州、易州、檀州、順州、景州、薊州。其中景州雖在長城之內，但並不屬於石敬瑭割給遼的燕雲十六州之一。易州是遼統和七年（989年）奪自宋，也不算作十六州之一。莫、瀛兩州早已收復，為北宋河間府所治。這樣一來，山西、河北太行山（後明在此建內長城）以內的燕、涿、檀、順、薊、莫、瀛七州都已經歸還宋，而太行山以外的儒、媯、武、新、蔚、應、寰、朔、雲九州當時遼金尚在爭奪，阿骨打也無法歸還。而阿骨打保留了長城以南但不屬於十六州的平州，任命帶領平州棄遼降金的守將張覺作為當地留守，但在阿骨打逝世前不久，張覺叛金投宋，其後任的金太宗由此和宋決裂南侵。

和阿骨打生前相處時間較長的幾個年長兒子，如長子完顏宗幹、二子完顏宗望、四子完顏宗弼都很崇尚漢文化，這對以後金國的漢化影響很大。這也從另一個側面反映了阿骨打的喜好。

宰執大臣

• 完顏吳乞買，諳班勃極烈（1115年七月—1123年八月）

• 完顏撒改，國論勃極烈（1115年七月—九月）；國論忽魯勃極烈（1115年九月—1121年）

• 完顏斜也，國論昊勃極烈（1115年七月—1123年）；國論忽魯勃極烈（1121年—1123年）

• 完顏習不失，阿買勃極烈（1115年七月—1123年）

• 完顏阿離合懣，國論乙室勃極烈（1115年七月—1120年）

• 完顏昱，昃勃極烈（1121年—1123年）

• 完顏宗翰，移賚勃極烈（1121年—1123年）

家庭

• 聖穆皇后唐括氏

　• 二子或第三子、嫡長子金徽宗完顏宗峻，名 繩果

　• 七子豐王完顏宗朝，名 烏烈 (列蒲陽虎)

　• 趙王完顏宗傑，名 沒里野

• 光懿皇后裴滿氏

　• 長子遼王完顏宗幹，名 斡本（海陵王時為金德宗，金世宗時降為遼王）

• 欽憲皇后紇石烈氏

　• 二子宋桓肅王完顏宗望，名 斡離不

　• 六子陳王完顏宗雋，名 訛魯觀

　• 瀋王完顏訛魯

• 宣獻皇后僕散氏

　• 五子金睿宗完顏宗堯，名 訛里朵

　• 豳王完顏訛魯朵

• 烏古論元妃

　• 四子梁王完顏宗弼，名 兀朮

　• 八子衛王完顏宗強，名 阿魯

　• 九子蜀王完顏宗敏，名 阿魯補

• 蕭崇妃

　• 紀王完顏習泥烈

　• 息王完顏寧吉

　• 莒王完顏燕孫

• 娘子獨奴可

　• 鄴王完顏斡忽

;女兒

• 長女完顏兀魯，嫁徒單定哥、徒單恭

• 畢國公主，嫁烏古論訛論

• 蒲察石家奴之妻（蒲察石家奴：蒲察斛魯短之孫，劾里鉢外孫，阿骨打外甥）

評價

• 元朝官修正史《金史》脫脫等的評價是：「太祖英謨睿略，豁達大度，知人善任，人樂為用。世祖陰有取遼之志，是以兄弟相授，傳及康宗，遂及太祖。臨終以太祖屬穆宗，其素志蓋如是也。初定東京，即除去遼法，減省租稅，用本國制度。遼主播越，宋納歲幣，以幽、薊、武、朔等州與宋，而置南京于平州。宋人終不能守燕、代，卒之遼主見獲，宋主被執。雖功成于天會間，而規摹運為賓自此始。金有天下百十有九年，太祖數年之間算無遺策，兵無留行，底定大業，傳之子孫。嗚呼，雄哉！」

周邊同時代君主

;遼

• 天祚帝（1101年—1125年）

• 耶律淳（1122年）

;宋

• 宋徽宗（1100年—1125年）

;西夏

• 夏崇宗（1086年—1139年）

;高麗

• 高麗睿宗（1105年—1122年）

• 高麗仁宗（1122年—1146年）

影視形象

電視劇

音樂電視劇

電影

紀錄片

延伸閱讀

Life

Aguda was an eighth-generation descendant of Hanpu, the great progenitor of the entire Wanyan clan. His father was Helibo, the chieftain of the Wanyan clan. His mother was a daughter of the chieftain of the Nalan (拿懶 / 拏懶) tribe. He was born in 1068 near the Ashi River within present-day Harbin, Heilongjiang Province. He was well-known within his tribe for his bravery, and had participated in numerous campaigns against rival Jurchen tribes at the command of the Khitan-led Liao dynasty. In 1109, during the height of a widespread famine, Aguda assisted his father in absorbing famished warriors from other Jurchen tribes to strengthen his own tribe. Later, he fought wars against other Jurchen tribes and succeeded in unifying all Jurchens under the Wanyan tribe's leadership.

In 1113, Aguda succeeded his elder brother, Wuyashu, as the leader of his tribe. Like other Jurchens, Aguda loathed what he considered the exploitation of his tribesmen by corrupt Liao officials. In 1112, when the Liao ruler, Emperor Tianzuo, went on a fishing expedition in Jurchen territory, he ordered all the chieftains to dance for him. Aguda became famous among the Jurchens when he was the only person who defied the order.

In early 1114, Aguda sent spies into Liao territory and prepared to revolt against the Khitan regime, which he considered decadent. His chief advisors were Wanyan Zonghan and Wanyan Xiyin. In September, Aguda rallied his tribesmen (around 2,500 men) at Liushui (流水; near present-day Lalin River in Fuyu, Jilin Province) and openly rebelled against the Liao dynasty. His cavalry captured Ningjiangzhou (寧江州; present-day Fuyu, Jilin Province) and defeated a 7,000-strong Liao army at the Battle of Chuhedian in November. In January 1115, following a series of military successes, Aguda proclaimed himself emperor, established the Jin dynasty, and adopted the regnal name "Shouguo". In August, his army conquered Huanglong Prefecture (黄龍府; present-day Nong'an County, Jilin Province) and defeated 700,000 Liao troops with only 20,000 horsemen at the Battle of Hubudagang. By 1116, Aguda had completed the conquest of the entire Liaodong Peninsula. Between 1119 and 1122, his army repeatedly defeated Liao forces and captured all of the Liao dynasty's five capitals.

Since the Jin dynasty was an enemy of the Liao dynasty, the Han Chinese-led Northern Song dynasty considered the Jin dynasty to be their natural allies. In 1117, the Song dynasty sent emissaries to the Jin dynasty, ostensibly to buy horses, but in reality to negotiate an alliance against the Liao dynasty. Between 1117 and 1123, seven Song delegations visited the Jurchens, and six Jin embassies went to the Song capital, Bianjing (present-day Kaifeng, Henan Province). Between 1115 and 1123, the Jin and Song dynasties negotiated and formed the Alliance Conducted at Sea against the Liao dynasty. Under the conditions of the alliance, the Song dynasty would attack the Liao dynasty from the south, while in return, the Jin dynasty would hand over control of the Liao dynasty's Sixteen Prefectures to the Song dynasty.

During the war against the Liao dynasty, Aguda also took time to establish the new feudal governmental system based on Jurchen tribal customs. He also organised the national agriculture with a collectivist system known as the Miŋgan Moumukə (猛安謀克). Furthermore, Aguda absorbed elements of Han Chinese culture and ordered his chancellor Wanyan Xiyin to develop a unique Jurchen writing system.

Aguda died in August 1123, at the age of 56. His death came a few months after the Jin and Song dynasties signed a treaty which recognised each other as equals and required the Song to pay the Jin an annual tribute of 200,000 taels of silver and 300,000 bolts of silk. Aguda was succeeded by his younger brother, Wuqimai (Emperor Taizong). Wuqimai continued the campaign against the Liao dynasty and captured the Liao emperor, Emperor Tianzuo in 1125, thereby ending the Liao dynasty's existence. Soon after conquering the Liao dynasty, the Jin dynasty waged war against the Northern Song dynasty. Aguda was buried in the Rui Mausoleum (睿陵) at Dafangshan (大房山) outside Zhongdu (中都; present-day Beijing).

Commemoration

Mounted statues of Aguda and his chief commander, Wanyan Zonghan, have been erected on the grounds of the Jin Dynasty History Museum (金上京歷史博物馆) at the former location of the old Jin capital, Shangjing (上京), which is near present-day Acheng District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province.

Family

Parents:

• Father: Helibo, posthumously honoured as Emperor Shizu

• Mother: Lady Nalan (拏懶氏), posthumously honoured as Empress Yijian (翼簡皇后)

Consorts and their children:

• Empress Shengmu, of Tangkuo clan (聖穆皇后 唐括氏)

　• Wanyan Zongjun, Emperor Huizong (徽宗 完顏宗峻), 3rd son

　• Wanyan Zongchao, Prince of Feng (豐王 完顏宗朝), 7th son

　• Wanyan Zongjie, Prince of Zhao (趙王 完顏宗傑, d. 1127)

• Empress Guangyi, of the Peiman clan (光懿皇后 裴滿氏)

　• Wanyan Zonggan, Prince of Liao (遼王 完顏宗幹, d. 17 June 1141), 1st son

• Empress Qinxian, of the Heseri clan (欽憲皇后 紇石烈氏)

　• Wanyan Zongwang, Prince Huansu of Song (宋桓肅王 完顏宗望), 2nd son

　• Wanyan Zongjun, Prince of Chen (陳王 完顏宗雋), 6th son

　• Wanyan Elu, Prince of Shen (瀋王 完顏訛魯)

• Empress Xuanxian of the Pusan clan (宣獻皇后 僕散氏)

　• Wanyan Zongyao, Emperor Ruizong (睿宗 完顏宗堯, 1096 – 1135), 5th son

　• Wanyan Eluduo, Prince of Bin (豳王 完顏訛魯朵)

• First Consort, of the Wugulun clan (元妃 烏古論氏)

　• Wanyan Zongbi, Prince of Liang (梁王 完顏宗弼, d. 19 November 1148), 4th son

　• Wanyan Zongqiang, Prince of Wei (衛王 完顏宗強, d. 1142), 8th son

　• Wanyan Zongmin, Prince of Shu (蜀王 完顏宗敏, d. 1150), 9th son

• Consort Chong, of the Xiao clan (崇妃蕭氏, d. 20 September 1150)

　• Wanyan Xinilie, Prince of Ji (紀王 完顏習泥烈)

　• Wanyan Ningji, Prince of Xi (息王 完顏寧吉)

　• Wanyan Yansun, Prince of Ju (莒王 完顏燕孫)

• Lady Dunuke (獨奴可) - a slave

　• Wanyan Wohu, Prince of Ye (鄴王 完顏斡忽)

• Unknown:

　• Wanyan Wulu (完颜兀魯; 21 November 1152), 1st daughter

　　• Married Tushan Dingge (徒單定哥)

　　• Married Tushan Gong (徒單恭)

　• Princess of Bi (畢國公主), 2nd daughter

　　• Married Wugulun Elun (烏古論訛論) and had issue (one son)

　• Princess Wanyan, 3rd daughter

　　• married Pucha Shijianu (蒲察石家奴)