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| Condition 1: References "治於人者食人，治人者食於人" Matched:5. |
| Total 5 paragraphs. Page 1 of 1. |
《先秦兩漢 - Pre-Qin and Han》 | Related resources |
《儒家 - Confucianism》 | Related resources |
《孟子 - Mengzi》 | [Warring States] 340 BC-250 BC | Books referencing 《孟子》 Library Resources Source Related resources |
《滕文公上 - Teng Wen Gong I》 | Books referencing 《滕文公上》 Library Resources |
| 4 | 滕文公上: | 有為神農之言者許行，自楚之滕，踵門而告文公曰：「遠方之人聞君行仁政，願受一廛而為氓。」文公與之處，其徒數十人，皆衣褐，捆屨、織席以為食。 |
| Teng Wen Gong I: | There came from Chu to Teng one Xu Xing, who gave out that he acted according to the words of Shen Nong. Coming right to his gate, he addressed the duke Wen, saying, 'A man of a distant region, I have heard that you, Prince, are practising a benevolent government, and I wish to receive a site for a house, and to become one of your people.' The duke Wen gave him a dwelling-place. His disciples, amounting to several tens, all wore clothes of haircloth, and made sandals of hemp and wove mats for a living. | |
| 陳良之徒陳相與其弟辛，負耒耜而自宋之滕，曰：「聞君行聖人之政，是亦聖人也，願為聖人氓。」陳相見許行而大悅，盡棄其學而學焉。 | ||
| At the same time, Chen Xiang, a disciple of Chen Liang, and his younger brother, Xin, with their plough-handles and shares on their backs, came from Song to Teng, saying, 'We have heard that you, Prince, are putting into practice the government of the ancient sages, showing that you are likewise a sage. We wish to become the subjects of a sage.' When Chen Xiang saw Xu Xing, he was greatly pleased with him, and, abandoning entirely whatever he had learned, became his disciple. | ||
| 陳相見孟子，道許行之言曰：「滕君，則誠賢君也；雖然，未聞道也。賢者與民並耕而食，饔飧而治。今也滕有倉廩府庫，則是厲民而以自養也，惡得賢？」 | ||
| Having an interview with Mencius, he related to him with approbation the words of Xu Xing to the following effect: 'The prince of Teng is indeed a worthy prince. He has not yet heard, however, the real doctrines of antiquity. Now, wise and able princes should cultivate the ground equally and along with their people, and eat the fruit of their labour. They should prepare their own meals, morning and evening, while at the same time they carry on their government. But now, the prince of T'ang has his granaries, treasuries, and arsenals, which is an oppressing of the people to nourish himself. How can he be deemed a real worthy prince?' | ||
| 孟子曰：「許子必種粟而後食乎？」曰：「然。」 | ||
| Mencius said,'I suppose that Xu Xing sows grain and eats the produce. Is it not so?' 'It is so,' was the answer. | ||
| 「許子必織布而後衣乎？」曰：「否。許子衣褐。」 | ||
| 'I suppose also he weaves cloth, and wears his own manufacture. Is it not so?' 'No. Xu wears clothes of haircloth.' | ||
| 「許子冠乎？」曰：「冠。」 | ||
| 'Does he wear a cap?' 'He wears a cap.' | ||
| 曰：「奚冠？」曰：「冠素。」 | ||
| 'What kind of cap?' 'A plain cap.' | ||
| 曰：「自織之與？」曰：「否。以粟易之。」 | ||
| 'Is it woven by himself?' 'No. He gets it in exchange for grain.' | ||
| 曰：「許子奚為不自織？」曰：「害於耕。」 | ||
| 'Why does Xu not weave it himself?' 'That would injure his husbandry.' | ||
| 曰：「許子以釜甑爨，以鐵耕乎？」曰：「然。」 | ||
| 'Does Xu cook his food in boilers and earthenware pans, and does he plough with an iron share?' 'Yes.' | ||
| 「自為之與？」曰：「否。以粟易之。」 | ||
| 'Does he make those articles himself?' 'No. He gets them in exchange for grain.' | ||
| 「以粟易械器者，不為厲陶冶；陶冶亦以其械器易粟者，豈為厲農夫哉？且許子何不為陶冶。舍皆取諸其宮中而用之？何為紛紛然與百工交易？何許子之不憚煩？」曰：「百工之事，固不可耕且為也。」 | ||
| Mencius then said, 'The getting those various articles in exchange for grain, is not oppressive to the potter and the founder, and the potter and the founder in their turn, in exchanging their various articles for grain, are not oppressive to the husbandman. How should such a thing be supposed? And moreover, why does not Xu act the potter and founder, supplying himself with the articles which he uses solely from his own establishment? Why does he go confusedly dealing and exchanging with the handicraftsmen? Why does he not spare himself so much trouble?' Chen Xiang replied, 'The business of the handicraftsman can by no means be carried on along with the business of husbandry.' | ||
| 「然則治天下獨可耕且為與？有大人之事，有小人之事。且一人之身，而百工之所為備。如必自為而後用之，是率天下而路也。故曰：或勞心，或勞力；勞心者治人，勞力者治於人；治於人者食人，治人者食於人：天下之通義也。 | ||
| Mencius resumed, 'Then, is it the government of the kingdom which alone can be carried on along with the practice of husbandry? Great men have their proper business, and little men have their proper business. Moreover, in the case of any single individual, whatever articles he can require are ready to his hand, being produced by the various handicraftsmen - if he must first make them for his own use, this way of doing would keep all the people running about upon the roads. Hence, there is the saying, "Some labour with their minds, and some labour with their strength. Those who labour with their minds govern others; those who labour with their strength are governed by others. Those who are governed by others support them; those who govern others are supported by them." This is a principle universally recognised. | ||
| 「當堯之時，天下猶未平，洪水橫流，氾濫於天下。草木暢茂，禽獸繁殖，五穀不登，禽獸偪人。獸蹄鳥跡之道，交於中國。堯獨憂之，舉舜而敷治焉。舜使益掌火，益烈山澤而焚之，禽獸逃匿。禹疏九河，瀹濟漯，而注諸海；決汝漢，排淮泗，而注之江，然後中國可得而食也。當是時也，禹八年於外，三過其門而不入，雖欲耕，得乎？后稷教民稼穡。樹藝五穀，五穀熟而民人育。人之有道也，飽食、煖衣、逸居而無教，則近於禽獸。聖人有憂之，使契為司徒，教以人倫：父子有親，君臣有義，夫婦有別，長幼有序，朋友有信。放勳曰：『勞之來之，匡之直之，輔之翼之，使自得之，又從而振德之。』聖人之憂民如此，而暇耕乎？ | ||
| 'In the time of Yao, when the world had not yet been perfectly reduced to order, the vast waters, flowing out of their channels, made a universal inundation. Vegetation was luxuriant, and birds and beasts swarmed. The various kinds of grain could not be grown. The birds and beasts pressed upon men. The paths marked by the feet of beasts and prints of birds crossed one another throughout the Middle Kingdom. To Yao alone this caused anxious sorrow. He raised Shun to office, and measures to regulate the disorder were set forth. Shun committed to Yi the direction of the fire to be employed, and Yi set fire to, and consumed, the forests and vegetation on the mountains and in the marshes, so that the birds and beasts fled away to hide themselves. Yu separated the nine streams, cleared the courses of the Ji and Ta, and led them all to the sea. He opened a vent also for the Ru and Han, and regulated the course of the Huai and Si, so that they all flowed into the Jiang. When this was done, it became possible for the people of the Middle Kingdom to cultivate the ground and get food for themselves. During that time, Yu was eight years away from his home, and though he thrice passed the door of it, he did not enter. Although he had wished to cultivate the ground, could he have done so? The Minister of Agriculture taught the people to sow and reap, cultivating the five kinds of grain. When the five kinds of grain were brought to maturity, the people all obtained a subsistence. But men possess a moral nature; and if they are well fed, warmly clad, and comfortably lodged, without being taught at the same time, they become almost like the beasts. This was a subject of anxious solicitude to the sage Shun, and he appointed Xie to be the Minister of Instruction, to teach the relations of humanity: how, between father and son, there should be affection; between sovereign and minister, righteousness; between husband and wife, attention to their separate functions; between old and young, a proper order; and between friends, fidelity. The high meritorious sovereign said to him, "Encourage them; lead them on; rectify them; straighten them; help them; give them wings - thus causing them to become possessors of themselves. Then follow this up by stimulating them, and conferring benefits on them." When the sages were exercising their solicitude for the people in this way, had they leisure to cultivate the ground? | ||
| 「堯以不得舜為己憂，舜以不得禹、皋陶為己憂。夫以百畝之不易為己憂者，農夫也。分人以財謂之惠，教人以善謂之忠，為天下得人者謂之仁。是故以天下與人易，為天下得人難。孔子曰：『大哉堯之為君！惟天為大，惟堯則之，蕩蕩乎民無能名焉！君哉舜也！巍巍乎有天下而不與焉！』堯舜之治天下，豈無所用其心哉？亦不用於耕耳。 | ||
| 'What Yao felt giving him anxiety was the not getting Shun. What Shun felt giving him anxiety was the not getting Yu and Gao Yao. But he whose anxiety is about his hundred mu not being properly cultivated, is a mere husbandman. The imparting by a man to others of his wealth, is called "kindness." The teaching others what is good, is called "the exercise of fidelity." The finding a man who shall benefit the kingdom, is called "benevolence." Hence to give the throne to another man would be easy; to find a man who shall benefit the kingdom is difficult. Confucius said, "Great indeed was Yao as a sovereign. It is only Heaven that is great, and only Yao corresponded to it. How vast was his virtue! The people could find no name for it. Princely indeed was Shun! How majestic was he, having possession of the kingdom, and yet seeming as if it were nothing to him!" In their governing the kingdom, were there no subjects on which Yao and Shun employed their minds? There were subjects, only they did not employ their minds on the cultivation of the ground. | ||
| 「吾聞用夏變夷者，未聞變於夷者也。陳良，楚產也。悅周公、仲尼之道，北學於中國。北方之學者，未能或之先也。彼所謂豪傑之士也。子之兄弟事之數十年，師死而遂倍之。昔者孔子沒，三年之外，門人治任將歸，入揖於子貢，相向而哭，皆失聲，然後歸。子貢反，築室於場，獨居三年，然後歸。他日，子夏、子張、子游以有若似聖人，欲以所事孔子事之，彊曾子。曾子曰：『不可。江漢以濯之，秋陽以暴之，皜皜乎不可尚已。』今也南蠻鴃舌之人，非先王之道，子倍子之師而學之，亦異於曾子矣。吾聞出於幽谷遷于喬木者，末聞下喬木而入於幽谷者。《魯頌》曰：『戎狄是膺，荊舒是懲。』周公方且膺之，子是之學，亦為不善變矣。」 | ||
| 'I have heard of men using the doctrines of our great land to change barbarians, but I have never yet heard of any being changed by barbarians. Chen Liang was a native of Chu. Pleased with the doctrines of Zhou Gong and Zhong Ni, he came northwards to the Middle Kingdom and studied them. Among the scholars of the northern regions, there was perhaps no one who excelled him. He was what you call a scholar of high and distinguished qualities. You and your brother followed him some tens of years, and when your master died, you forthwith turned away from him. Formerly, when Confucius died, after three vears had elapsed, his disciples collected their baggage, and prepared to return to their several homes. But on entering to take their leave of Zi Gong, as they looked towards one another, they wailed, till they all lost their voices. After this they returned to their homes, but Zi Gong went back, and built a house for himself on the altar-ground, where he lived alone other three years, before he returned home. On another occasion, Zi Xia, Zi Zhang, and Zi You, thinking that You Ruo resembled the sage, wished to render to him the same observances which they had rendered to Confucius. They tried to force the disciple Zeng to join with them, but he said, "This may not be done. What has been washed in the waters of the Jiang and Han, and bleached in the autumn sun - how glistening is it! Nothing can be added to it." Now here is this shrike-tongued barbarian of the south, whose doctrines are not those of the ancient kings. You turn away from your master and become his disciple. Your conduct is different indeed from that of the philosopher Zeng. I have heard of birds leaving dark valleys to remove to lofty trees, but I have not heard of their descending from lofty trees to enter into dark valleys. In the Praise-songs of Lu it is said, "He smote the barbarians of the west and the north, He punished Jing and Shu." Thus Zhou Gong would be sure to smite them, and you become their disciple again; it appears that your change is not good.' | ||
| 「從許子之道，則市賈不貳，國中無偽。雖使五尺之童適市，莫之或欺。布帛長短同，則賈相若；麻縷絲絮輕重同，則賈相若；五穀多寡同，則賈相若；屨大小同，則賈相若。」曰：「夫物之不齊，物之情也；或相倍蓰，或相什伯，或相千萬。子比而同之，是亂天下也。巨屨小屨同賈，人豈為之哉？從許子之道，相率而為偽者也，惡能治國家？」 | ||
| Chen Xiang said, 'If Xu's doctrines were followed, then there would not be two prices in the market, nor any deceit in the kingdom. If a boy of five cubits were sent to the market, no one would impose on him; linen and silk of the same length would be of the same price. So it would be with bundles of hemp and silk, being of the same weight; with the different kinds of grain, being the same in quantity; and with shoes which were of the same size.' Mencius replied, 'It is the nature of things to be of unequal quality. Some are twice, some five times, some ten times, some a hundred times, some a thousand times, some ten thousand times as valuable as others. If you reduce them all to the same standard, that must throw the kingdom into confusion. If large shoes and small shoes were of the same price, who would make them? For people to follow the doctrines of Xu, would be for them to lead one another on to practise deceit. How can they avail for the government of a State?' |
《中論 - Zhong Lun》 | [Eastern Han (25 - 220)] Xu Gan | Books referencing 《中論》 Library Resources |
《佚文》 | Library Resources |
| 2 | 佚文: | 昔之聖王制為禮法，貴有常尊，賤有等差，君子小人，各司分職，故下無潛上之愆，而人役財力，能相供足也。往昔海內富民、及工商之家，資財巨萬，役使奴婢，多者以百數，少者以十數，斯豈先王制禮之意哉！夫國有四民，不相干黷；士者勞心，工農商者勞力；「勞心之謂君子，勞力之謂小人。君子者治人，小人者治於人。治於人者食人，治人者食於人。百王之達義也。」今夫無德而居富之民，宜治於人且食人者也，役使奴婢，不勞筋力，目喻頤指，從容垂拱，雖懷忠信之士，讀聖哲之書，端委執笏，列在朝位者，何以加之？且今之君子，尚多貧匱，家無奴婢，既其有者，不足供事，妻子勤勞，躬自爨烹，其故何也？皆由罔利之人與之競逐，又有紆青拖紫并兼之門使之然也。夫物有所盈，則有所縮，聖人知其如此，故裒多益寡，稱物平施，動為之防，不使過度，是以治可致也。為國而令廉讓君子不足如此，而使貪人有餘如彼，非所以辨尊卑、等貴賤、賤財利、尚道德也。今太守令長得稱君者，以慶賞刑威，咸自己出也。民畜奴婢，或至數百，慶賞刑威，亦自己出，則與郡縣長史又何以異？夫奴婢雖賤，俱含五常，本帝王良民，而使編戶小人為己役，哀窮失所，猶無告訴，豈不枉哉？今自斗食佐吏以上，至諸侯王，皆治民人者也，宜畜奴婢。農工商及給趨走使令者，皆勞力躬作、治於人者也，宜不得畜。昔孝哀皇帝即位，師丹輔政，建議令畜田宅奴婢者有限，時丁傅用事，董賢貴寵，皆不樂之，事遂廢覆。夫師丹之徒，皆前朝知名大臣，患疾并兼之家，建納忠信，為國設禁，然為邪臣所抑，卒不施行，豈況布衣之士，而欲唱議立制，不亦遠乎！ |
《漢代之後 - Post-Han》 |
《隋唐 - Sui-Tang》 |
《群書治要》 | [Tang] 631 | Library Resources |
《卷三十七》 | Library Resources |
《孟子》 | Library Resources |
《滕文公》 | Library Resources |
| 1 | 滕文公: | 陳相見孟子。道許行之言曰：賢者與民并耕而食。孟子曰：治天下有大人之事，有小人之事，或勞心，或勞力，勞心者治人，勞力者治於人，故治於人者食人，不能治人者食於人，天下之通義也。勞心者，君也。勞力者，民也。君施教以治之，民竭力治公田，以奉食其上，天下通義，所常行也。 |
《卷四十六》 | Library Resources |
《中論》 | Library Resources |
| 26 | 中論: | 昔之聖王制為禮法，貴有常尊，賤有等差，君子小人，各司分職，故下無潜潜當作僭上之愆，而人役財力，能相供足也。往昔海內富民，及工商之家，資財巨萬，役使奴婢，多者以百數，少者以十數，斯豈先王制禮之意哉。夫國有四民，不相干黷，士者勞心，工農商者勞力，勞心之謂君子，勞力之謂小人，君子者治人，小人者治於人，治於人者食人，治人者食於人，百王之達義也。今夫無德而居富之民，宜治於人且食人者也。役使奴婢，不勞筋力，目喻頤指，從容垂拱，雖懷忠信之士，讀聖哲之書，端委執笏，列在朝位者，何以加之，且今之君子，尚多貧匱，家無奴婢，既其有者，不足供事，妻子勤勞，躬自爨烹，其故何也。皆由罔利之人與之競逐，又有紆青拖紫并兼之門使之然也。 |
《宋明 - Song-Ming》 |
《太平御覽》 | [Northern Song] 977-984 | Library Resources |
《樂部十六》 | Library Resources |
《琴中》 | Library Resources |
| 7 | 琴中: |
《大周正樂》曰：師襄子，夫子琴師也。方子春教成連生鼓琴，能化人情者也。成連先生，教伯牙鼓琴者也。鍾子期，善聽知音者。子期死，伯牙終身不鼓琴者也。顏淵聽夫子琴，知周衰者也。涓子操琴，心玉篇者也。禽高以琴養性，求仙於羅浮山中，鼓琴於郢中，奏《陽春白雪》者也。雍門周以琴感孟嘗君，悲者也。鄒忌與齊王言琴事，以方正定德者也。榮啟期對夫子彈琴，言三樂之事者也。禽孟臨巒戶死，而琴歌者也。應侯鼓，賈子對，以取牛婦人者也。子桑饑寒欲死，鼓琴而歌者也。師曠為晉平公操微，感玄鶴二七下舞者也。師滑寫濮上琴聲者也。子夏除喪，曰琴樂，曰不敢不至者也。閔子騫除喪，曰彈琴不成聲者也。宓子賤治單父不下堂，彈琴而邑自理者也。踞轉鼓琴，春秋晉大夫張骼輔轢者也。衛師曹，衛獻公令師曹教公嬖妾，師曹鞭之。公怒之，鞭師曹三百者。 又曰：寇先生，宋人也。以釣魚為業。宋景公問道，不告，殺之。後十五年，在宋城門下彈琴者也。已上自堯神人暢至始皇，九十三弄，好士二十七人，并為上石。 又曰：《杞梁妻》者，齊邑杞梁殖妻之所作也。莊公襲莒，殖戰而死，莊公還遇其妻於路，使使者道吊之。妻曰：「今殖有罪，君何辱命焉？若殖免於罪，賤妾有先人之飏廬，妾不敢受郊吊也。」公乃吊諸室，成禮而去。妻嘆曰：「上則無父，中則無夫，下則無子。外無所依，內無所倚，將何以立？吾節豈能更二哉？死而已矣。」於是乃援琴而鼓之。 又曰：《伐檀操》者，魏國女之所作也。傷賢者隱弊，素餐在位，閔傷怨曠，失其嘉會。夫聖主之制，能治人者食於人，不能治人者食於田。今賢者隱退伐木，小人在位食祿，懸珍琦，積百穀，并包有土，德澤不加。百姓傷痛，上之不知，王道之不施。仰天長嘆，援琴而鼓之。 又曰：《將歸操》者，孔子之所作也。趙簡子循執玉帛以聘孔子。孔子將往，未至，渡狄水，聞趙殺其賢大夫竇鳴犢，喟然而嘆曰：「夫趙之所以治者，鳴犢之力也。殺鳴犢而聘余，胡丘之往也？夫燔林而田，則麒麟不至，覆巢破卵，則鳳凰不翔，鳥獸尚惡傷類，而況君子哉？」於是援琴而鼓之。 又曰：《岐山操》者，周大臣之所作也。大王居幽，狄人攻之。仁恩惻隱，不忍流血，選練珍寶、犬馬、皮幣、束帛與之。狄侵不止，問其所欲，欲得土地。大王曰：「土地者，所以養萬民也。吾將委國而去矣。二三子亦何患無君焉？」遂杖策而出，喻乎梁而邑乎岐山。自傷劣不能化夷狄，為其所侵，喟然嘆息，援琴而鼓之。 又曰：《三士窮操》者，其思革子之所作也。其思革子、石文子、叔愆子三人相與為友，聞楚成王賢而好士，三子相與俱往見之。至於磝磽嵚巖之間，卒逢飄風暴雨，相與俱伏空柳之下。衣寒乏糧，自度不得活，三人相視而嘆曰：「與其饑寒俱死也，豈若并衣糧於一人哉？」二人俱以其思革子為賢，推衣糧與之。革子曰：「死則共之。今二子以賢愚相辭，乃以死讓，孰賢哉？」辭而不受。二子曰：「吾自以相與，猶左右手也。左傷則右救之，右傷則左救之。子不我受，俱死無名於世，不亦痛乎？」於是思革子乃受之，二子遂凍餓而死。其思革子抱二子尸而埋之，號天哭泣，竭哀而去，往見于楚王。楚王知其賢者，於是旨酒嘉肴，設鍾鼓樂之。其思革子愴然有憂悲之意，楚王心動，怪而不悅，乃推樽罷樂，引琴而進。其思革子援琴而鼓之，作相與別散之意。王聞曰：「子琴音何苦哀也？」革子推琴離席，長跪涕流而下，對：「臣友三人石文子、叔愆子，竊慕大王高義，欲俱來謁。至於磝磽嵚巖之間，逢飄風暴雨，食寒糧乏，度不能俱活，二子俱不以臣為不肖，推糧與臣。二子逢凍餓死。大王雖陳酒肴設樂，誠不敢酣樂也。」楚王曰：「嗟乎，乃如是耶！」於是賜其思革子黃金百斤，命左右棺斂收二子而葬之。以其思革子為相，故曰《三士窮》。 又曰：《鹿鳴操》者，周大臣之所作也。王道衰，君志傾，留心聲色，內顧妃后，設旨酒嘉肴，不能厚養賢者，盡禮極歡，形見於色。大臣昭然獨見，必知賢士幽隱，小人在位，周道陵遲。自以是始，故彈琴瑟以風諫，歌以感之，庶幾可復。歌：「呦呦鹿鳴，食野之蘋。我有嘉賓，鼓瑟吹笙。吹笙鼓簧，承筐是將。人之好我，示我周行。」此言禽獸得美甘之食，尚知相呼，傷時在位之人不能。乃援琴以刺之，故曰《鹿鳴》也。 又曰：《騶虞操》者，邵國女之所作也。古有聖王在上，君子在位，役不逾時，不失嘉會，內無怨女，外無曠夫。及周道衰微，禮義廢弛，強凌弱，眾暴寡，萬民騷動，百姓愁苦，男怨於外，女傷於內，內外無主。內迫情性，外迫禮義，嘆傷所說而不逢時，於是援琴而歌。 又曰：《猗蘭操》者，孔子之所作也。孔子周流天下應聘，諸侯莫能任用。自衛反魯，過隱之中見薌蘭之獨茂也，喟然而嘆曰：「夫蘭，當為王者香。今乃獨茂與眾草為伍，譬猶賢者不逢時，與鄙夫為倫也。」憑車撫軾，援琴而鼓之。自傷不逢時也。 又曰：《龜山操》者，孔子之所作也。齊人饋女樂，季桓子受之，魯君閉門不聽朝。當此之時，季氏專政，上僣天子，下畔大夫，賢聖斥逐，讒邪滿朝。孔子欲諫而不聽，復退而望魯。魯有龜山蔽之，譬季子於龜山，托勢位於斧柯，季氏專政道，猶龜山之蔽魯也。傷政道之不用，閔百姓不得其所，欲誅季氏而力不能，於是援琴而歌。 又曰：《白駒操》者，失朋友之所作也。其友賢，俱仕乎衰亂之世。君無道，不可匡輔，依違微風，諒不見受，國士詠而思之，援琴而長歌。 又曰：《越嘗操》者，周公之所作也。周公輔相成王，成就文王之道。天下太平，萬國和會，江黃納貢，越嘗重九譯而來獻白雉，執贄曰：「吾君在外國也。頃無迅風暴雨，意者，中國有聖人乎？故遣臣來。」周公於是仰天而嘆之，援琴而歌。 又曰：《拘幽操》者，文王之所作也。紂為無道，上逆天文，下變地理，刑無罪，殺不辜，斮朝涉，刳孕婦。百姓怨悲，海內同心苦之。文王為西伯，種德修仁，布其恩惠，天下三鳳裥其二。紂大怒其有仁心也，召而朝之，拘于羑里。文王憂愁，援琴而鼓之，故曰《拘幽操》也。 又曰：《聶政刺韓王》者，聶政之所作也。聶政父為韓王治劍，過時不成，韓王殺之，時政未生。及壯，問其母曰：「父何在？」母告之。政欲殺韓王，乃學涂入王宮，拔劍刺韓王，不得，走。政逾城而出，去，入太山，遇仙人學鼓琴，漆身為厲，吞炭變其音。七年而琴成，欲入韓國，道逢其妻，妻對之泣下，對曰：「夫人何故泣？」妻曰：「聶出游七年不歸，吾常夢相思。見君對妾笑，齒似政齒，故我心悲而泣也。」政曰：「天下人齒盡相似耳，胡為泣乎？」即別去，復入山中，仰天而嘆曰：「嗟乎，變容易身，欲為父報仇而為妻所識，父仇當何時復報？」援石擊落其齒，留山中三年，習琴持入韓國，人莫知政。政鼓琴闕下，觀者成行，馬牛止聽，以聞韓王。王召政而見之，使之彈琴。政即援琴而鼓之，內刀在琴中，政於是左手持衣，右手出刀，以刺韓王，殺之，曰：「烏有使生者不見其父，可得死乎？」政殺國君，罪當及母，即自犁剝面皮，斷其形體，人莫能識知。乃梟磔政形體市，懸金其側，有知此人者賜金千斤。遂有一婦人往而哭之，曰：「嗟乎，為父報仇耶！」顧謂市人曰：「此所謂聶政也。為父報仇，知當及母，乃自屠剝面。何愛一女之身而不揚吾子之名哉？」乃抱政尸而哭，冤結陷塞，遂絕行脈而死。故曰《聶政刺韓王》也。 又曰：《曾子歸耕》者，曾子之所作也。曾子事孔子十有餘年，眷然念二親年衰，養之不備，欲歸而重嘆之，於是援琴而鼓之。 又曰：《崔子渡河》者，閔子騫之所作也。崔子早無母，其後母常以其死母名呼之，不應者，后母輒笞之。崔子惡與其母同名，欲自殺，恐揚父惡，又死母名應則逆，非義也。則以能游渡河為辭，系石於腹，入水自沉而死。眾人但以為不能游耳，莫知其故自沉。是以父過不揚，閔子騫大其能為父隱，傷痛之，故援琴而鼓之，以美其意，故曰《崔子渡河》。 又曰：《屈原自沉》者，屈原之所作也。屈原，楚同姓也。為懷王佐，博聞強識，疏通政事。入則與王議國計策，以施號令；出則接遇賓客，應對諸侯。上官大夫與之爭寵，害其器能，譖之於王，曰：「使屈原每一出，矜伐功，以其非己莫能為。」懷王怒而斥之。屈原自傷懷忠而見疑，憂愁，面目黎黑，臨河而哀思，著《離騷》、《九歌》、《九嘆》、《七諫》之辭，仰天而嘆，援琴而鼓之。 又曰：《孔子厄》者，孔子之所作也。孔子應聘於楚，待禮於陳。在陳絕糧，從者病，莫能興，喟然而嘆曰：「歸邪，吾黨之小子狂簡，斐然成章，不知所以裁之。」於是援琴而鼓之，以自敘其志，故曰《孔子厄》。 又曰：《霍將軍歌》者，霍去病之所作也。去病為討寇校尉，為人少言，勇而有氣，使擊匈奴，斬首二千。後六出，斬首十餘萬級，益封萬五千戶，袟祿與大將軍等。於是志得意歡，乃援琴而鼓之。 又曰：《鳳凰來儀》者，周成王之所作也。成王即位，用周召、畢、榮之屬，天下大治，殊方絕域，莫不蒙化。是以越常獻雉，重譯來貢，太平之瑞，同時而應，麒麟游苑圃，鳳凰翔舞於庭，頌聲并作，僉然大同。於是成王乃援琴而鼓之。 又曰：《子安》者，其門離須之作也。其門離須兄弟三人，長兄從軍，二年不歸。離須坐事被刑，天下昏亂，兵革騷動，宗族離散。離須當遠往輸，持其小弟往寄所知，分別相去，垂涕而決。其弟覷欷謂離須曰：「吾生不睹母，長不識父。遭顛沛擾攘之世，兄從軍不歸，子復遠輸，未知反期，一旦是非，使吾無所依。吾聞兄在林梨，欲往從之。」離須止之曰：「兵革交錯，道路不通，子為我無往，往必不還。令吾兄弟分別死別，不亦痛乎？」喟然不應，啼泣而別。離須屬其主人曰：「子欲往，慎為我勿遣也。」去數日，卒夜亡，不知其處。離須來還，分布求之，卒不得。憂思不樂，仰天而嘆，於是援琴而鼓之。 又曰：《力拔山》者，項羽之所作也。項王為漢所圍於垓下，諸侯兵悉到，圍數重。項王夜覺，聞漢軍四面楚歌，驚起，坐，仰天而嘆曰：「漢得吾眾，是何楚歌之多？」於是心悲，援琴而鼓之。 又曰：《禹上會稽》者，禹之所作也。堯時洪水滔天，百姓巢居不安，堯乃征禹而使治之。乃決江河，上會稽山，顧曰：「嗚乎！洪水滔天，下人愁悲，上帝俞咨。三過吾門不入，父子道衰。非欲伐功也，傷君莫知，不欲煩下民。嗟呼！天非欲數煩下，嗟嗟不欲煩下民。」自是 之後，百姓降丘，黎庶乂安，彈琴以自嘆，故曰《禹上會稽》。 又曰：《箕子吟》者，箕子之所作也。箕子，紂之諸父也。紂為無道，殺比干，醢梅伯，斮朝涉，刳孕婦，奢淫驕恣，不修道德。箕子不可諫，乃被髮佯狂，痛宗廟之丘墟，喟然援琴而鼓之。 又曰：《文王思士》者，文王之所作也。文王思得賢士與為治，出田乃援蓍而卜之，卦得，所獲非龍、非麟、非虎、非熊，乃帝王之師也。至渭之陽，果遇呂尚。與語，大悅之，曰：「吾先人太公有言，當有聖人適周，子其是耶？」遂載與之俱歸，立以為師，號曰太公望。文王悅喜，乃援琴而鼓之，自敘思士之意，故曰《文王思士》。 又曰：《武王伐紂》者，武王之所作也。武王興師伐紂，伯夷、叔齊拔劍扣馬，曰：「父死不葬而爭天下，非孝也。執贄而事之，舉兵而伐之，非義也。」武王以告太公望，太公曰：「循大行者不顧細禮，立大功者不恤后愆。」遂克殷，誅紂於牧野。於是天下晏然，萬民歡忻，武王援琴而鼓之。 |
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