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Scope: Pre-Qin and Han Request type: Paragraph
Condition 1: Contains text "閉塞" Matched:52.
Total 48 paragraphs. Page 1 of 5. Jump to page 1 2 3 4 5

先秦兩漢 - Pre-Qin and Han

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儒家 - Confucianism

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禮記 - Liji

[Warring States (475 BC - 221 BC)]
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Source
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[Also known as: 《小戴禮記》, "The Classic of Rites"]

月令 - Yue Ling

English translation: James Legge [?]
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[Also known as: "Proceedings of Government in the Different Months"]

91 月令:
是月也,天子始裘。命有司曰:天氣上騰,地氣下降,天地不通,閉塞而成冬。命百官謹蓋藏。命司徒循行積聚,無有不斂。壞城郭,戒門閭,修鍵閉,慎管龠,固封疆,備邊竟,完要塞,謹關梁,塞徯徑。飭喪紀,辨衣裳,審棺槨之厚薄,塋丘壟之大小、高卑、厚薄之度,貴賤之等級。
Yue Ling:
In this month the son of Heaven sets the example of wearing furs. Orders are issued to the proper officers in the words: 'The airs of heaven are ascended on high, and those of earth have descended beneath. There is no intercommunion of heaven and earth. All is shut up and winter is completely formed.' Orders are given to all the officers to cover up carefully the stores (of their departments). The minister of Instruction is also ordered to go round (among the people and see) that they have formed their stores, and that nothing is left ungathered. The city and suburban walls are put in good repair; the gates of towns and villages are looked after; bolts and nuts are put to rights; locks and keys are carefully attended to; the field-boundaries are strengthened; the frontiers are well secured; important defiles are thoroughly defended; passes and bridges are carefully seen after; and narrow ways and cross-paths are shut up. The rules for mourning are revised; the distinctions of the upper and lower garments are defined; the thickness of the inner and outer coffins is decided on; with the size, height and other dimensions of graves. The measures for all these things are assigned, with the degrees and differences in them according to rank.

說苑 - Shuo Yuan

[Western Han (206 BC - 9)] Liu Xiang
Books referencing 《說苑》 Library Resources

政理

Books referencing 《政理》 Library Resources
25 政理:
宓子賤為單父宰,辭於夫子,夫子曰:「毋迎而距也,毋望而許也;許之則失守,距之則閉塞。譬如高山深淵,仰之不可極,度之不可測也。」子賤曰:「善,敢不承命乎!」宓子賤為單父宰,過於陽晝曰:「子亦有以送僕乎?」陽晝曰:「吾少也賤,不知治民之術,有釣道二焉,請以送子。」子賤曰:「釣道奈何?」陽晝曰:「夫扱綸錯餌,迎而吸之者也,陽橋也,其為魚薄而不美;若存若亡,若食若不食者,魴也,其為魚也博而厚味。」宓子賤曰:「善。」於是未至單父,冠蓋迎之者交接於道,子賤曰:「車驅之,車驅之。」夫陽晝之所謂陽橋者至矣,於是至單父請其耆老尊賢者而與之共治單父。

雜言

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2 雜言:
子石登吳山而四望,喟然而歎息曰:「嗚呼悲哉!世有明於事情,不合於人心者;有合於人心,不明於事情者。」弟子問曰:「何謂也?」子石曰:「昔者吳王夫差不聽伍子胥,盡忠極諫,抉目而辜;太宰嚭、公孫雒,偷合苟容,以順夫差之志而伐吳。二子沈身江湖,頭懸越旗。昔者費仲、惡來革、長鼻決耳,崇侯虎順紂之心,欲以合於意,武王伐紂、四子身死牧之野,頭足異所,比干盡忠剖心而死。今欲明事情,恐有抉目剖心之禍,欲合人心,恐有頭足異所之患。由是觀之,君子道狹耳。誠不逢其明主,狹道之中,又將危險閉塞,無可從出者。」

春秋繁露 - Chun Qiu Fan Lu

[Western Han (206 BC - 9)] Dong Zhong Shu
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陽尊陰卑

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1 陽尊陰卑:
天之大數,畢於十旬。旬天地之間,十而畢舉;旬生長之功,十而畢成。十者,天數之所止也。古之聖人,因天數之所止,以為數紀。十如更始,民世世傳之,而不知省其所起。知省其所起,則見天數之所始;見天數之所始,則知貴賤逆順所在;知貴賤逆順所在,則天地之情著,聖人之寶出矣。是故陽氣以正月始出於地,生育長養於上。至其功必成也,而積十月。人亦十月而生,合於天數也。是故天道十月而成,人亦十月而成,合於天道也。故陽氣出於東北,入於西北,發於孟春,畢於孟冬,而物莫不應是。陽始出,物亦始出;陽方盛,物亦方盛;陽初衰,物亦初衰。物隨陽而出入,數隨陽而終始,三王之正隨陽而更起。以此見之,貴陽而賤陰也。故數日者,據書而不據夜;數歲者,據陽而不據陰。陰不得達之義。是故《春秋》之於禮也,達宋公而不達紀侯之母。紀侯之母宜稱而不達,宋公不宜稱而達,達陽而不達陰,以天道制之也。丈夫雖賤皆為陽,婦人雖貴皆為陰。陰之中亦相為陰,陽之中亦相為陽。諸在上者皆為其下陽,諸在下者皆為其上陰。何名何有,皆並一於陽,昌力而辭功。故出去起雨,必令從之下,不敢有其所出,上善而下惡。惡者受之,善者不受。土若地,義之至也。是故《春秋》君不名惡,臣不名善,善皆歸於君,惡皆歸於臣。臣之義比於地,故為人臣者,視地之事天也。為人子者,視土之事火也。雖居中央,亦歲七十二日之王,傅於火以調和養長,然而弗名者,皆並功於火,火得以盛,不敢與父分功美,孝之至也。是故孝子之行,忠臣之義,皆法於地也。地事天也,猶下之事上也。地,天之合也,物無合會之義。是故推天地之精,運陰陽之類,以別順逆之理。安所加以不在?在上下,在大小,在強弱,在賢不肖,在善惡。惡之屬盡為陰,善之屬盡為陽。陽為德,陰為刑。刑反德而順於德,亦權之類也。雖曰權,皆在權成。是故陽行於順,陰行於逆。順行而逆者,陰也。是故天以陰為權,以陽為經。陽出而南,陰出而北。經用於盛,權用於末。以此見天之顯經隱權,前德而後刑也。故曰:陽天之德,陰天之刑也。陽氣暖而陰氣寒,陽氣予而陰氣奪,陽氣仁而陰氣戾,陽氣寬而陰氣急,陽氣愛而陰氣惡,陽氣生而陰氣殺。是故陽常居實位而行於盛,陰常居空位而行於末。天之好仁而近,惡戾之變而遠,大德而小刑之意也。先經而後權,貴陽而賤陰也。故陰,夏入居下,不得任歲事,冬出居上,置之空處也。養長之時伏於下,遠去之,弗使得為陽也。無事之時起之空處,使之備次陳,守閉塞也。此皆天之近陽而遠陰,大德而小刑也。是故人主近天之所近,遠天之所遠;大天之所大,小天之所小。是故天數右陽而不右陰,務德而不務刑。刑之不可任以成世也,猶陰之不可任以成歲也。為政而任刑,謂之逆天,非王道也。

王道通三

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1 王道通三:
古之造文者,三書而連其中,謂之王。三書者,天地與人也,而連其中者,通其道也。取天地與人之中以為貫而參通之,非王者孰能當是?是故王者唯天之施,施其時而成之,法其命而循之諸人,法其烽而以起事,治其道而以出法,治其誌而歸之於仁。仁之美者在於天。天,仁也。天覆育萬物,既化而生之,有養而成之,事功無已,終而複始,凡舉歸之以奉人。察於天之意,無窮極之仁也。人之受命於天也,取仁於天而仁也。是故人之受命天之尊,父兄子弟之親,有忠信慈惠之心,有禮義廉讓之行,有是非逆順之治,文理燦然而厚,積知廣大有而博,唯人道為可以參天。天常以愛利為意,以養長為事,春秋冬夏皆其用也。王者亦常以愛利天下為意,以安樂一世為事,好惡喜怒而備用也。然而主之好惡喜怒,乃天之春夏秋冬也,其俱暖清寒暑而以變化成功也。天出此物者,時則歲美,不時則歲惡。人主出此四者,義則世治,不義則世亂。是故治世與美歲同數,亂世與惡歲同數,以此見人理之副天道也。天有寒有暑。夫喜怒哀樂之發,與清暖寒暑,其實一貫也。喜氣為暖而當春,怒氣為清而當秋,樂氣為太陽而當夏,哀氣為太陰而當冬。四氣者,天與人所同有也,非人所能蓄也,故可節而不可止也。節之而順,止之而亂。人生於天,而取化於天。喜氣取諸春,樂氣取諸夏,怒氣取諸秋,哀氣取諸冬,四氣之心也。四肢之答各有處,如四時;寒暑不可移,若肢體。肢體移易其處,謂之壬人;寒暑移易其處,謂之敗歲;喜怒移易其處,謂之亂世。明王正喜以當春,正怒以當秋,正樂以當夏,正哀以當冬。上下法此,以取天之道。春氣愛,秋氣嚴,夏氣樂,冬氣哀。愛氣以生物,嚴氣以成功,樂氣以養生,哀氣以喪終,天之志也。是故春氣暖者,天之所以愛而生之;秋氣清者,天之所以嚴而成之;夏氣溫者,天之所以樂而養之;冬氣寒者,天之所以哀而藏之。春主生,夏主養,秋主收,冬主藏。生溉其樂以養,死溉其哀以藏,為人子者也。故四時之行,父子之道也;天地之志,君臣之義也;陰陽之理,聖人之法也。陰,刑氣也;陽,德氣也。陰始於秋,陽始於春。春之為言,猶偆偆也;秋之為言,猶湫湫也。偆偆者,喜樂之貌也,湫湫者,憂悲之狀也。是故春喜夏樂,秋憂冬悲,悲死而樂生。以夏養春,以冬藏秋,大人之志也。是故先愛而後嚴,樂生而哀終,天之當也。而人資諸天。天固有此,然而無所之如其身而已矣。人主立於生殺之位,與天共持變化之勢,物莫不應天化。天地之化如四時。所好之風出,則為暖氣而有生於俗;所惡之風出,則為清氣而有殺於俗。喜則為暑氣而有養長也,怒則為寒氣而有閉塞也。人主以好惡喜怒變習俗,而天以暖清寒暑化草木。喜怒時而當則歲美,不時而妄則歲惡。天地人主一也。然則人主之好惡喜怒,乃天之暖清寒暑也,不可不審其處而出也。當暑而寒,當寒而暑,必為惡歲矣。人主當喜而怒,當怒而喜,必為亂世矣。是故人主之大守,在於謹藏而禁內,使好惡喜怒必當義乃出,若暖清寒暑之必當其時乃發也。人主掌此而無失,使乃好惡喜怒未嘗差也,如春秋冬夏之未嘗過也,可謂參天矣。深藏此四者而勿使妄發,可謂天矣。

潛夫論 - Qian Fu Lun

[Eastern Han] 102-167 Wang Fu
Books referencing 《潛夫論》 Library Resources

夢列

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5 夢列:
凡察夢之大體:清絜鮮好,貌堅健,竹木茂美,宮室器械新成,方正開通,光明溫和,升上向興之象皆為吉喜,謀從事成。諸臭汙腐爛,枯槁絕霧,傾倚徵邪,劓刖不安,閉塞幽昧,解落墜下向衰之象皆為,計謀不從,舉事不成。妖孽怪異,可憎可惡之事皆為憂。圖畫䘏胎,刻鏤非真,瓦器虛空,皆為見欺紿。倡優俳儛,侯小兒所戲弄之象,皆為觀笑。此其大部也。

論衡 - Lunheng

[Eastern Han] 80 Wang Chong English translation: Albert Forke [?]
Books referencing 《論衡》 Library Resources

道虛 - Daoxu

English translation: Albert Forke [?] Library Resources
49 道虛:
道家或以導氣養性,度世而不死。以為血脈在形體之中,不動搖屈伸,則閉塞不通;不通積聚,則為病而死。
Daoxu:
Many Daoists hold that by regulating one's breath one can nourish one's nature, pass into another state of being, and become immortal. Their idea is that, if the blood vessels in the body be not always in motion, expanding and contracting, an obstruction ensues. There being no free passage, constipation is the consequence, which causes sickness and death.

別通

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7 別通:
孝武皇帝時,燕王旦在明光宮,欲入所臥,戶三百盡閉,使侍者二十人開戶,戶不開。其後,旦坐謀反自殺。夫戶閉,燕王旦死之狀也。死者、凶事也,故以閉塞為占。齊慶封不通,六國大夫會而賦詩,慶封不曉,其後果有楚靈之禍也。夫不開通於學者,尸尚能行者也。亡國之社,屋其上、柴其下者,示絕於天地。《春秋》薄社,周以為城。夫經藝傳書,人當覽之,猶社當通氣於天地也。故人之不通覽者,薄社之類也。是故氣不通者,彊壯之人死,榮華之物枯。

風俗通義 - Fengsu Tongyi

[Eastern Han] 190-200
Books referencing 《風俗通義》 Library Resources

聲音

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1 琴:
謹按:《世本》:「神農作琴。」《尚書》:「舜彈五絃之琴,歌《南風》之詩,而天下治。」《詩》云:「我有嘉賓,鼓瑟鼓琴。」雅琴者、樂之統也,與八音並行。然君子所常御者,琴最親密,不離於身,非必陳設於宗廟鄉黨,非若鐘鼓羅列於虡懸也。雖在窮閻陋巷、深山幽谷,猶不失琴。以為琴之大小得中而聲音和,大聲不譁人而流漫,小聲不湮滅而不聞,適足以和人意氣,感人善心。故琴之為言禁也,雅之為言正也,言君子守正以自禁也。夫以正雅之聲,動感正意,故善心勝、邪惡禁。是以古之聖人君子,慎所以自感,因邪禁之適,故近之。間居則為從容以致思焉,如有所窮困,其道閉塞,不得施行,及有所通達而用事,則著之於琴,以杼其意,以示後人。其道行和樂而作者,命其曲曰《暢》。《暢》者、言其道之美暢,猶不敢自安,不驕不溢,好禮不以,暢其意也。其遇閉塞,憂愁而作者,命其曲曰《操》。《操》者、言遇菑遭害,困厄窮迫,雖怨恨失意,猶守禮義,不懼不懾,樂道而不失其操者也。伯子牙方鼓琴,鍾子期聽之,而意在高山,子期曰:「善哉乎!巍巍若太山。」頃之間而意在流水,鍾子又曰:「善哉乎!湯湯若江、河。」子期死,伯牙破琴絕絃,終身不復鼓,以為世無足為音者也。今琴長四尺五寸,法四時五行也。七絃者、法七星也。

新語 - Xin Yu

[Western Han] 196 BC Library Resources

資質

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6 資質:
凡人莫不知善之為善,惡之為惡;莫不知學問之有益于己,怠戲之無益於事也。然而為之者情欲放溢,而人不能勝其志也。人君莫不知求賢以自助,近賢以自輔;然賢聖或隱於田里,而不預國家之事者,乃觀聽之臣不明於下,則閉塞之譏歸於君;閉塞之譏歸於君,則忠賢之士棄於野;忠賢之士棄於野,則佞臣之黨存於朝;佞臣之黨存於朝,則下不忠於君;下不忠於君,則上不明於下;上不明於下,是故天下所以傾覆也。

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