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《芮良夫解》

 英文翻译：人工智能和中国哲学书电子化计划用户 [?] 电子图书馆
1 芮良夫解:
厉王失道，芮伯陈诰作芮良夫本书无厉王以下十二字按芮良夫下当有解字，首作道，谨作谋，。芮伯若曰：余小臣良夫稽首谨诰，天子惟民父母，致厥道，无远不服，无道，左右臣妾乃违，道，谓德政，违，叛之。民归于德，德则民戴，否德民雠，兹允效于前斯不远，信验于前世，不远也。商纣弗改夏桀之虐，肆我有周有家。举桀行恶灭亡，以为戒也。
King Li lost the Way; Rui Bo presented a warning, and Rui Liangfu composed it. This book lacks the twelve characters following King Li below. According to what should follow Rui Liangfu, there should be a character for "explanation." The first word is Dao, carefully written as Mou, Rui Bo said: "I, your humble servant Liangfu, bow my head and respectfully deliver this admonition. The Son of Heaven is the father and mother of the people; by upholding his Way, none far away will not submit. Without a Way, those on his left and right—his ministers and servants—will rebel." {{Way refers to virtuous governance; violate means to rebel against it. The people return to virtue; where there is virtue, the people revere it. Without virtue, the people become enemies. This truth has been demonstrated by past examples and is not distant. This verification exists in previous generations; it is not far away. Shang Zhou did not reform the tyranny of Xia Jie, so we, the House of Zhou, established our dynasty. Cite Jie's evil deeds and his downfall as a warning.

2 芮良夫解:
呜呼，惟尔天子，嗣文武之业，惟尔执政小子同先王之臣，昏行内顾，道王不若，同，谓位同也。昏，暗也。言教王为不顺。专利作威，佐乱进祸，民将弗龛，专利侵乱进不善也。治乱信于其行，惟王曁尔执政小子攸闻，行善则治，行恶则乱，皆所闻知也。古人求多闻多闻下旧无以字，补之，以鉴戒，弗闻是惟弗知，言古人患不闻，故有所不知也。尔闻尔知，弗改厥度，亦惟艰哉。知而不改，无可如何，故曰难也。夫后除民害，不惟民害，害民乃非后，惟其雠，是与民为怨雠。民至亿兆，后一而已，寡弗敌衆，后其殆哉。言上下无义，对共相怨，则寡者危已。
Alas! You, the Son of Heaven, have inherited the legacy of Wen and Wu. You, the young officials in charge, are equal to the ministers of previous kings; yet you act recklessly and look inward, failing to measure up to the king's Way. Same rank means being on equal footing with them. "昏" means darkness or ignorance. It indicates that you are teaching the king to act contrary to righteousness." To monopolize profit and wield authority, to assist in chaos and bring disaster—this will cause the people not to fear you. Monopolizing profit means encroaching upon disorder and advancing evil. Order or chaos depends on one's conduct; this is something both the king and you, young officials in charge, have heard. Good conduct brings order, evil conduct brings chaos—these are things you all know. Ancient people sought to hear much The character "yi" was missing after "duowen," and it is added here, in order to serve as a mirror for warnings. Not hearing means not knowing. This indicates that ancient people were troubled by not hearing, hence there are things they did not know. You have heard and you know; if you do not change your course of action, it will also be a great difficulty for you. To know but not to reform is something one cannot help; hence it is called difficult. The ruler removes harm from the people; not only does he remove harm to the people, but harming the people is itself a harm to the ruler. Those who harm the people are his enemies. This means forming resentment and enmity with the people. The people number in the tens of millions, but there is only one ruler; few cannot contend with many—thus the ruler will be in peril. This means that without righteousness between rulers and subjects, mutual resentment arises, and then the few are already in danger.

3 芮良夫解:
乌宓，野禽驯服于人，家畜见人而奔，非禽畜之性，实惟人民亦如之，人养之，故扰服，虽家畜，不养则畏人，治民亦然也。今尔执政小子，惟以贪谀事王，专利为贪，面从为谀。不对对作勤德以备难，下民胥怨，财单力竭，手足靡措，弗龛戴上，不其乱而，言民相与怨上，上加之罪，民不堪命，必作乱也。惟祸发于人之攸忽，咎起于人攸轻，心不存焉。变之攸伏。言人所轻忽，则祸之所起。
Alas! Wild birds and beasts are tamed by people, while domesticated animals run away when they see humans. This is not due to the nature of birds or livestock; indeed, it is also true for the people. People are nurtured, so they become docile. Even domesticated animals fear humans if not raised properly—governing the people is no different. Now, you young officials in charge serve the king only through greed and flattery. Monopolizing benefits is called greed; agreeing to his face while disagreeing inwardly is called flattery. Not diligently cultivating virtue to prepare for difficulties, the common people all harbor resentment. Their resources are exhausted and their strength is spent; they have no means of action left. They no longer fear or revere you as a ruler—will it not lead to chaos? This indicates that when the people resent their superiors together, and those above impose blame upon them, the people can no longer endure their fate and will inevitably rise in rebellion. Disaster arises from human carelessness; blame originates from human neglect—this is because the heart does not dwell upon it. Change lies hidden within this. This means that what people neglect and overlook is where disaster originates.

4 芮良夫解:
尔执政小子，弗图大艰，偷生苟安，爵以贿成，苟安，无远虑，贿成，不任德。贤智钳口，小人鼓舌，逃害要利，并得其求，惟曰哀哉。贤者隐黜以逃害，小人佞谄以要利，各得其求，故君子为之哀也。我闻曰：以言取人，人饰其言，以行取人，人竭其行，饰言无庸，竭行有成，惟尔小子，饰言事王，实蕃有徒，尔自谓有馀，馀谓尔不足，敬思以明德，备乃祸难，言其不足于道义也。以，用，乃，汝。难至而悔，悔将安及。
You, young officials in charge, do not consider great difficulties; you merely seek to survive and cling to temporary safety. Titles are granted through bribery. Temporary safety means lacking long-term planning; granting titles based on bribes means not appointing people according to virtue. The virtuous and wise remain silent, while the petty stir up words; they evade harm and seek profit, achieving their desires. How pitiable! The virtuous are suppressed and hide to escape harm, while the petty flatter and deceive to seek profit; each achieves what they desire. Hence, gentlemen feel sorrow for this. I have heard it said: to judge people by their words, they will embellish their speech; to judge them by their actions, they will exhaust themselves in action. Embellished words are of no use, while exhausted effort yields results. You young officials adorn your words when serving the king—indeed, you have many followers who do likewise. You consider yourselves sufficient, but I say you are insufficient. Be respectful and reflect upon virtuous conduct to prepare for calamity. This means they lack righteousness and the Way. "Yi," meaning "with"; "nai," meaning "your." Regret after disaster has come is of no avail.

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