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| Scope: Pre-Qin and Han Request type: Paragraph |
| Condition 1: References 文公 : Same as 「晉文公」: 姓名：姬重耳，在位前636-前628。 Duke Wen of Jin (ruled 636 BC-628 BC) Matched:21. |
| Total 17 paragraphs. Page 1 of 2. Jump to page 1 2 |
《先秦兩漢 - Pre-Qin and Han》 | Related resources |
《儒家 - Confucianism》 | Related resources |
《荀子 - Xunzi》 | [Warring States (475 BC - 221 BC)] | Books referencing 《荀子》 Library Resources Related resources |
《哀公》 | Books referencing 《哀公》 Library Resources |
| 12 | 哀公: | 魯哀公問於孔子曰：「請問取人。」孔子對曰：「無取健，無取詌，無取口啍。健、貪也；詌、亂也；口啍、誕也。故弓調而後求勁焉，馬服而後求良焉，士信愨而後求知能焉。士不信愨而有多知能，譬之其豺狼也，不可以身尒也。語曰：『桓公用其賊，文公用其盜。故明主任計不信怒，闇主信怒不任計。計勝怒則彊，怒勝計則亡。」 |
《說苑 - Shuo Yuan》 | [Western Han (206 BC - 9)] Liu Xiang | Books referencing 《說苑》 Library Resources |
《政理》 | Books referencing 《政理》 Library Resources |
| 35 | 政理: | 復槁之君朝齊，桓公問治民焉，復槁之君不對，而循口操衿抑心，桓公曰：「與民共甘苦饑寒乎？」「夫以我為聖人也，故不用言而諭。」因禮之千金。晉文公時，翟人有封狐、文豹之皮者，文公喟然嘆曰：「封狐文豹何罪哉？以其皮為罪也。」大夫欒枝曰：「地廣而不平，財聚而不散，獨非狐豹之罪乎？」文公曰：「善哉！說之。」欒枝曰：「地廣而不平，人將平之；財聚而不散，人將爭之。」於是列地以分民，散財以賑貧。 |
《墨家 - Mohism》 | Related resources |
《墨子 - Mozi》 | [Spring and Autumn - Warring States] 490 BC-221 BC English translation: W. P. Mei [?] | Books referencing 《墨子》 Library Resources Introduction Source Related resources |
《卷一 - Book 1》 | Library Resources |
《親士 - Befriending the Learned》 | English translation: W. P. Mei [?] | Books referencing 《親士》 Library Resources |
| 2 | 親士: | 昔者文公出走而正天下，桓公去國而霸諸侯，越王句踐遇吳王之醜，而尚攝中國之賢君。三子之能達名成功於天下也，皆於其國抑而大醜也。太上無敗，其次敗而有以成，此之謂用民。 |
| Befriending the Learned:...: | Formerly Lord Wen was once in exile and yet later became the leading feudal lord. Lord Huan was once forced to leave his state and yet later became a "tyrant" among the feudal lords. Lord Gou Jian of Yue was once brought under humiliation by the king of Wu, and yet he was later looked upon with awe by the princes of China. The reason that these three men became famous and successful in the world lies in that they were able to endure shame and humiliation within their states. The greatest men know of no defeat. The next greatest turn failure into success, and this, by the employment of the people. |
《卷四 - Book 4》 | English translation: W. P. Mei [?] | Library Resources |
《兼愛中 - Universal Love II》 | English translation: W. P. Mei [?] | Library Resources |
| 5 | 兼愛中: |
昔者晉文公好士之惡衣，故文公之臣皆牂羊之裘，韋以帶劍，練帛之冠，入以見於君，出以踐 於1朝。是其故何也？君說之，故臣為之也。昔者楚靈王好士細要，故靈王之臣皆以一飯為節，肱息然後帶，扶牆然後起。比期年，朝有黧黑之色。是其故何也？君說之，故臣能之也。昔越王句踐好士之勇，教馴其臣，和合之焚舟失火，試其士曰：『越國之寶盡在此！』越王親自鼓其士而進之。 曰2士聞鼓音，破碎亂行，蹈火而死者左右百人有餘。越王擊金而退之。」 |
| Universal Love II: |
Formerly, Lord Wen of the state of Jin (about 630 B.C.) liked the uncouth uniform of the soldier. And so all his ministers and officers wore sheepskin jackets, carried their swords in leather girdles, and put on silk-spun hats. (1) Thus attired, they attended the Lord when they went in and paced the court when they stayed out. What was the reason for this? It was that what the ruler encourages the ruled will carry out. And Lord Ling of the state of Chu (about 535 B.C.) liked slender waists. And so all his ministers and officers limited themselves to a single meal (a day). They tied their belts after exhaling, and could not stand up without leaning against the wall. Within a year the court looked grim and dark. What was the reason for this? It was that what the ruler encourages the ruled will carry out. Again, Lord Goujian of the state of Yue (about 480 B.C.) liked the warrior's courage, and trained his subjects accordingly. He had his palace boat set on fire. To test his soldiers he proclaimed that all the treasures of the state were contained therein. And he beat the drum himself to urge them on. Hearing the drum the soldiers rushed on in disorder. More than a hundred strong perished in the flames. Thereupon the Lord beat the gong to let them retreat. 1. 於 : Inserted. 孫詒讓《墨子閒詁》 |
《兼愛下 - Universal Love III》 | English translation: W. P. Mei [?] | Library Resources |
| 11 | 兼愛下: |
意以為難而不可為邪？嘗有難此而可為者。昔荊靈王好小要，當靈王之身，荊國之士飯不踰乎一，固據而後興，扶垣而後行。故約食為其難為也，然後為而靈王說之，未踰於世而民可移也，即求以鄉其上也。昔者越王句踐好勇，教其士臣三年，以其知為未足以知之也，焚舟失火，鼓而進之，其士偃前列，伏水火而死，有不可勝數也。當此之時，不鼓而退也，越國之士可謂顫矣。故焚身為其難為也，然後為之越王說之，未踰於世而民可移也，即求以鄉上也。昔者晉文公好苴服，當文公之時，晉國之士，大布之衣，牂羊之裘，練帛之冠，且苴之屨，入見文公，出以踐之朝。故苴服為其難為也，然後為而文公說之，未踰於世而民可移也，即求以鄉其上也。是故約食、焚舟、苴服，此天下之至難為也，然後為而上說之，未踰於世而民可移也。何故也？即求以鄉其上也。今若夫兼 相愛，交1相利，此其有利且易為也，不可勝計也，我以為則無有上說之者而已矣。苟有上說之者，勸之以賞譽，威之以刑罰，我以為人之於就兼相愛交相利也，譬之猶火之就上，水之就下也，不可防止於天下。 |
| Universal Love III: |
Is it because it is hard and impracticable? There are instances of even much harder tasks done. Formerly, Lord Ling of the state of Jing liked slender waists. In his time people in the state of Jing ate not more than once a day. They could not stand up without support, and could not walk without leaning against the wall. Now, limited diet is quite hard to endure, and yet it was endured. While Lord Ling encouraged it, his people could be changed within a generation to conform to their superior. Lord Goujian of the state of Yue admired courage and taught it to his ministers and soldiers three years. Fearing that their knowledge had not yet made them efficient he let a fire be set on the boat, and beat the drum to signal advance. The soldiers at the head of the rank were even pushed down. Those who perished in the flames and in water were numberless. Even then they would not retreat without signal. The soldiers of Yue would be quite terrified (ordinarily). To be burnt alive is a hard task, and yet it was accomplished. When the Lord of Yue encouraged it, his people could be changed within a generation to conform to their superior. Lord Wen of the state of Jin liked coarse clothing. And so in his time the people of Jin wore suits of plain cloth, jackets of sheep skin, hats of spun silk, and big rough shoes. Thus attired, they would go in and see the Lord and come out and walk in the court. To dress up in coarse clothing is hard to do, yet it has been done. When Lord Wen encouraged it his people could be changed within a generation to conform to their superior. Now to endure limited diet, to be burnt alive, and to wear coarse clothing are the hardest things in the world, yet when the superiors encouraged them the people could be changed within a generation. Why was this so? It was due to the desire to conform to the superior. Now, as to universal love and mutual aid, they are beneficial and easy beyond a doubt. It seems to me that the only trouble is that there is no superior who encourages it. If there is a superior who encourages it, promoting it with rewards and commendations, threatening its reverse with punishments, I feel people will tend toward universal love and mutual aid like fire tending upward and water downwards - it will be unpreventable in the world. 1. 相愛，交 : Inserted. 孫詒讓《墨子閒詁》 |
《史書 - Histories》 | Related resources |
《史記 - Shiji》 | [Western Han] 109 BC-91 BC Sima Qian | Books referencing 《史記》 Library Resources Source Related resources |
《世家》 | Books referencing 《世家》 Library Resources |
《宋微子世家》 | Books referencing 《宋微子世家》 Library Resources |
| 41 | 宋微子世... : | 成公元年，晉文公即位。三年，倍楚盟親晉，以有德於文公也。四年，楚成王伐宋，宋告急於晉。五年，晉文公救宋，楚兵去。九年，晉文公卒。十一年，楚太子商臣弒其父成王代立。十六年，秦穆公卒。 |
《晉世家》 | Books referencing 《晉世家》 Library Resources |
| 48 | 晉世家: | 子圉之亡，秦怨之，乃求公子重耳，欲內之。子圉之立，畏秦之伐也。乃令國中諸從重耳亡者與期，期盡不到者盡滅其家。狐突之子毛及偃從重耳在秦，弗肯召。懷公怒，囚狐突。突曰：「臣子事重耳有年數矣，今召之，是教之反君也。何以教之？」懷公卒殺狐突。秦繆公乃發兵送內重耳，使人告欒、郤之黨為內應，殺懷公於高梁，入重耳。重耳立，是為文公。 |
| 49 | 晉世家: | 晉文公重耳，晉獻公之子也。自少好士，年十七，有賢士五人：曰趙衰；狐偃咎犯，文公舅也；賈佗；先軫；魏武子。自獻公為太子時，重耳固已成人矣。獻公即位，重耳年二十一。獻公十三年，以驪姬故，重耳備蒲城守秦。獻公二十一年，獻公殺太子申生，驪姬讒之，恐，不辭獻公而守蒲城。獻公二十二年，獻公使宦者履鞮趣殺重耳。重耳踰垣，宦者逐斬其衣袪。重耳遂奔狄。狄，其母國也。是時重耳年四十三。從此五士，其餘不名者數十人，至狄。 |
| 58 | 晉世家: | 文公元年春，秦送重耳至河。咎犯曰：「臣從君周旋天下，過亦多矣。臣猶知之，況於君乎？請從此去矣。」重耳曰：「若反國，所不與子犯共者，河伯視之！」乃投璧河中，以與子犯盟。是時介子推從，在船中，乃笑曰：「天實開公子，而子犯以為己功而要市於君，固足羞也。吾不忍與同位。」乃自隱渡河。秦兵圍令狐，晉軍于廬柳。二月辛丑，咎犯與秦晉大夫盟于郇。壬寅，重耳入于晉師。丙午，入于曲沃。丁未，朝于武宮，即位為晉君，是為文公。群臣皆往。懷公圉奔高梁。戊申，使人殺懷公。 |
| 60 | 晉世家: | 文公修政，施惠百姓。賞從亡者及功臣，大者封邑，小者尊爵。未盡行賞，周襄王以弟帶難出居鄭地，來告急晉。晉初定，欲發兵，恐他亂起，是以賞從亡未至隱者介子推。推亦不言祿，祿亦不及。推曰：「獻公子九人，唯君在矣。惠、懷無親，外內棄之；天未絕晉，必將有主，主晉祀者，非君而誰？天實開之，二三子以為己力，不亦誣乎？竊人之財，猶曰是盜，況貪天之功以為己力乎？下冒其罪，上賞其姦，上下相蒙，難與處矣！」其母曰：「盍亦求之，以死誰懟？」推曰：「尤而效之，罪有甚焉。且出怨言，不食其祿。」母曰：「亦使知之，若何？」對曰：「言，身之文也；身欲隱，安用文之？文之，是求顯也。」其母曰：「能如此乎？與女偕隱。」至死不復見。 |
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