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Condition 1: References "羲和掌厤,敬授民時" Matched:23.
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先秦兩漢 - Pre-Qin and Han

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儒家 - Confucianism

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大戴禮記 - Da Dai Li Ji

[Eastern Han] 100-200
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[Also known as: 《大戴記》, 《大戴禮》]

五帝德

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7 五帝德:
宰我曰:「請問帝舜。」孔子曰:「蟜牛之孫,瞽叟之子也,曰重華。好學孝友,聞于四海;陶家事親,寬裕溫良。敦敏而知時,畏天而愛民,恤遠而親親。承受大命,依于倪皇;叡明通知,為天下工。使禹敷土,主名山川,以利於民;使后稷播種,務勤嘉穀,以作飲食;羲、和掌厤,敬授民時;使益行火,以辟山萊;伯夷主禮,以節天下;夔作樂,以歌籥舞,和以鐘鼓;皋陶作士,忠信疏通,知民之情;契作司徒,教民孝友,敬政率經。其言不惑,其德不慝,舉賢而天下平。南撫交阯、大、教,鮮支、渠廋、氐、羌,北山戎、發、息慎,東長鳥夷、羽民。舜之少也,惡悴勞苦,二十以孝聞乎天下,三十在位,嗣帝所,五十乃死,葬於蒼梧之野。」

中論 - Zhong Lun

[Eastern Han (25 - 220)] Xu Gan
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曆數

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1 曆數:
昔者聖王之造曆數也,察紀律之行,觀運機之動,原星辰之迭中,寤晷景之長短,於是營儀以准之,立表以測之,下漏以考之,布筭以追之;然後元首齊乎上,中朔正乎下,寒暑順序,四時不忒。夫曆數者、先王以憲殺生之期,而詔作事之節也。使萬國之民不失其業者也。昔少皞氏之衰也,九黎亂德,民神雜揉,不可方物。顓頊受之,乃命南正重司天以屬神,北正黎司地以屬民,使復舊常,毋相侵黷。其後三苗復九黎之德,堯復育重黎之後不忘舊者,使復典教之,故《》曰:「乃命羲和,欽若昊天。曆象日月星辰,敬授民時。」於是陰陽調和,災厲不作,休徵時至,嘉生蕃育。民人樂康,鬼神降福,舜、禹受之,循而勿失也。及夏德之衰,而羲和湎淫,廢時亂日,湯武革命,始作曆明時。敬順天數,故《周禮》太史之職:「正歲年以序事,頒之於官府及都鄙,頒告朔於邦國。」於是分、至、啟、閉之日,人君親登觀臺以望氣,而書雲物為備者也。

潛夫論 - Qian Fu Lun

[Eastern Han] 102-167 Wang Fu
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班祿

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4 班祿:
當此之時也,九州之內,合三千里,爾八百國。其班祿也,以上農為正,始於庶人在官者,祿足以代耕,蓋食九人。諸侯下士亦然。中士倍下士,食十八人。上士倍中士,食三十六人。大夫倍之,食七十二人。小國之卿,二於大夫。次國之卿,三於大夫。大國之卿,四於大夫,食二百八十八人。君各什其卿。天子三公侯采視公侯,蓋方百里。卿采視伯,方七十里。大夫視子男,方五十里。元士視附庸,方三十里。功成者封。是故官政專公,不慮私家;子弟事學,不於財利,閉門自守,不與民交爭,而無飢寒之道,而不陷;臣養優而不隘,吏愛官而不貪,民安靜而彊力,此則太平之基立矣。乃惟慎貢選,明必黜陟,官得其人,人任其職;「欽若昊天,敬授民時」,「同我婦子,饁彼南畝」;上務節禮,正身示下,下悅其政,各樂竭己奉戴其上。是以天地交泰,陰陽和平,民無姦匿,機衡不傾,德氣流布而頌聲作也。

愛日

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3 愛日:
》云:「王事靡盬,不遑將父。」言在古閒暇而得行孝,今迫促不得養也。孔子稱庶則富之,既富則教之。是禮義生於富足,盜竊起於貧窮,富貴生於寬暇,貧窮起於無日。聖人深知力者乃民之本也而國之基,故務省役而為民愛日。是以堯敕羲和,「欽若昊天,敬授民時」;邵伯訟不忍煩民,聽斷棠下,能興時雍而致刑錯。

算書 - Mathematics

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周髀算經 - Zhou Bi Suan Jing

[Han] 50 BC-100
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1 序:
夫高而大者,莫大於天;厚而廣者,莫廣於地。體恢洪而廓落,形脩廣而幽清,可以玄象課其進退,然而宏遠不可指掌也。可以晷儀驗其長短,然其巨闊不可度量也。雖窮神知化不能極其妙,探𦣱索隱不能盡其微,是以詭異之說出,則兩端之理生,遂有渾天、蓋天,兼而並之。故能彌綸天地之道,有以見天地之𦣱,則渾天有靈憲之文,蓋天有周髀之法,累代存之,官司是掌,所以欽若昊天,恭授民時。爽以暗蔽,才學淺昧,隣高山之仰止,慕景行之軌轍,負薪餘日,聊觀《周髀》。其旨約而遠,其言曲而中,將恐廢替,濡滯不通,使談天者無所取則,輒依經為圖,誠冀頹毀重仞之墻,披露堂室之奧,庶博物君子,時逈思焉。

史書 - Histories

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史記 - Shiji

[Western Han] 109 BC-91 BC Sima Qian
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[Also known as: "Records of the Grand Historian"]

本紀 - Annals

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五帝本紀 - Annals of the Five Emperors

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12 五帝本紀:
乃命羲、和,敬順昊天,數法日月星辰,敬授民時。分命羲仲,居郁夷,曰暘谷。敬道日出,便程東作。日中,星鳥,以殷中春。其民析,鳥獸字微。申命羲叔,居南交。便程南為,敬致。日永,星火,以正中夏。其民因,鳥獸希革。申命和仲,居西土,曰昧谷。敬道日入,便程西成。夜中,星虛,以正中秋。其民夷易,鳥獸毛毨。申命和叔;居北方,曰幽都。便在伏物。日短,星昴,以正中冬。其民燠,鳥獸氄毛。歲三百六十六日,以閏月正四時。信飭百官,眾功皆興。
Annals of the Five...:
He then commanded Xi and He in reverent accordance with their observations of the wide heavens to record in a calendar the laws affecting the sun, moon, stars, and zodiacal spaces, and respectfully to communicate to the people the seasons (adapted for labour). He also commanded Xi's younger brother to reside at Yuyi, called the bright valley, so as to hail with respect the rising sun, and arrange the labours of the spring; and the day being of medium length, and the culminating star (the central one of the) 'Bird' quarter of the heavens, he was to determine midspring, when the people begin to disperse, and birds and beasts to breed and copulate. He further commanded Xi's third brother to reside at the southern frontier to arrange the transformations of summer, and respectfully observe the extreme limit (of the shadow), and the day being at its longest, and the star in the zenith that called 'Fire,' he was to fix the exact period of midsummer, when the people are most widely dispersed, birds moult, and beasts change their coats. He further commanded He's younger brother to reside in the west at a place called Dark Valley to respectfully convoy the setting sun, and arrange the completing labours of the autumn, and the night being of medium length, and the culminating star Xu (β in Aquarius) to determine mid-autumn, when people begin to feel comfortable, and birds and beasts look smooth and glossy. He further commanded He's third brother to reside in the northern region in what was called the sombre capital, to examine the hidden things, and the day being at its shortest, and the culminating star Mao (ε in Pleiades) to determine midwinter, when people get into cosy corners, and the coats of birds and beasts are downy and thick. The year consisted of 366 days, an intercalary month being added to adjust the four seasons. Authentic directions were given to the various officers, and their several labours commenced.

漢書 - Han Shu

[Xin - Eastern Han] 36-111
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[Also known as: 《前漢》]

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百官公卿表

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百官公卿表上

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1 百官公卿... :
易敘宓羲、神農、皇帝作教化民,而傳述其官,以為宓羲龍師名官,神農火師火名,黃帝雲師雲名,少昊鳥師鳥名。自顓頊以來,為民師而命以民事,有重黎、句芒、祝融、后土、蓐收、玄冥之官,然已上矣。書載唐虞之際,命羲和四子順天文,授民時;咨四岳,以舉賢材,揚側陃;十有二牧,柔遠能邇;禹作司空,平水土;棄作后稷,播百穀;镨作司徒,敷五教;咎繇作士,正五刑;垂作共工,利器用;籄作朕虞,育草木鳥獸;伯夷作秩宗,典三禮;夔典樂,和神人;龍作納言,出入帝命。夏、殷亡聞焉,周官則備矣。天官冢宰,地官司徒,春官宗伯,夏官司馬,秋官司寇,冬官司空,是為六卿,各有徒屬職分,用於百事。太師、太傅、太保,是為三公,蓋參天子,坐而議政,無不總統,故不以一職為官名。又立三少為之副,少師、少傅、少保,是為孤卿,與六卿為九焉。記曰三公無官,言有其人然後充之,舜之於堯,伊尹於湯,周公、召公於周,是也。或說司馬主天,司徒主人,司空主土,是為三公。四岳謂四方諸侯。自周衰,官失而百職亂,戰國並爭,各變異。秦兼天下,建皇帝之號,立百官之職。漢因循而不革,明簡易,隨時宜也。其後頗有所改。王莽篡位,慕從古官,而吏民弗安,亦多虐政,遂以亂亡。故略表舉大分,以通古今,備溫故知新之義云。

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律曆志

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律曆志上

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18 律曆志上:
曆數之起上矣。傳述顓頊命南正重司天,火正黎司地,其後三苗亂德,二官咸廢,而閏餘乖次,孟陬殄滅,攝提失方。堯復育重、黎之後,使纂其業,故《》曰:「乃命羲、和,欽若昊天,曆象日月星辰,敬授民時。」「歲三百有六旬有六日,以閏月定四時成歲,允釐百官,眾功皆美。」其後以授舜曰:「咨爾舜,天之曆數在爾躬。」「舜亦以命禹。」至周武王訪箕子,箕子言大法九章,而五紀明曆法。故自殷周,皆創業改制,咸正曆紀,服色從之,順其時氣,以應天道。三代既沒,五伯之末史官喪紀,疇人子弟分散,或在夷狄,故其所記,有黃帝、顓頊、夏、殷、周及魯曆。戰國擾攘,秦兼天下,未皇暇也,亦頗推五勝,而自以為獲水德,乃以十月為正,色上黑。

藝文志

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260 藝文志:
陰陽家者流,蓋出於羲和之官,敬順昊天,歷象日月星辰,敬授民時,此其所長也。及拘者為之,則牽於禁忌,泥於小數,舍人事而任鬼神。

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王莽傳

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王莽傳中

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6 王莽傳中:
莽策群司曰:「歲星司肅,東獄太師典致時雨,青煒登平,考景以晷。熒惑司悊,南嶽太傅典致時奧,赤煒頌平,考聲以律。太白司艾,西嶽國師典致時陽,白煒象平,考量以銓。辰星司謀,北嶽國將典致時寒,玄煒和平,考星以漏。月刑元股左,司馬典致武應,考方法矩,主司天文,欽若昊天,敬授民時,力來農事,以豐年穀。日德元锾右,司徒典致文瑞,考圜合規,主司人道,五教是輔,帥民承上,宣美風俗,五品乃訓。斗平元心中,司空典致物圖,考度以繩,主司地里,平治水土,掌名山川,眾殖鳥獸,蕃茂草木。」各策命以其職,如典誥之文。

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