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1 Jump to dictionary Show parallel passages Show photographic representation	審大臣:	帝者昧旦而視朝廷，南面而聽天下，將與誰為之？豈非群公卿士歟！故大臣不可以不得其人也。大臣者、君之股肱、耳目也，所以視聽也，所以行事也。先王知其如是也，故博求聰明睿哲君子，措諸上位，執邦之政令焉。執政，則其事舉；其事舉，則百僚任其職；百僚任其職，則庶事莫不致其治；庶事致其治，則九牧之民莫不得其所。故《書》曰：「元首明哉，股肱良哉，庶事康哉。」故大臣者、治萬邦之重器也，不可以眾譽著也。人主所宜親察也，眾譽者可以聞斯人而已。故堯之聞舜也，以眾譽；及其任之者，則以心之所自見，又有不因眾譽而獲大賢。其文王乎！畋於渭水邊，道遇姜太公，皤然皓首，方秉竿而釣，文王召而與之言，則帝王之佐也。乃載之歸，以為太師，姜太公當此時貧且賤矣，年又老矣，非有貴顯之舉也，其言誠當乎賢君之心，其術誠合乎致平之道。文王之識也，灼然若披雲而見日，霍然若開霧而觀天，斯豈假之於眾人哉！
2 Jump to dictionary Show parallel passages Show photographic representation	審大臣:	非惟聖然也，霸者亦有之；昔齊桓公夙出，甯戚方為旅人，宿乎大車之下，擊牛角而歌，歌聲悲激，其辭有疾於世，桓公知其非常人也，召而與之言，乃立功之士也。於是舉而用之，使知國政。凡明君之用人也，未有不悟乎己心，而徒因眾譽也。用人而因眾譽焉，斯不欲為治也，將以為名也。然則見之不自知，而以眾譽為驗也，此所謂效眾譽也，非所謂效得賢能也。苟以眾譽為賢能，則伯鯀無羽山之難，而唐虞無九載之費矣。聖人知眾譽之或是或非，故其用人也，則亦或因或獨，不以一驗為也。況乎舉非四嶽也，世非有唐虞也。大道寢矣，邪說行矣。臣已詐矣，民已惑矣，非有獨見之明，專任眾人之譽，不以己察，不以事考，亦何由獲大賢哉？且大賢在陋巷也，固非流俗之所識也。何則？大賢為行也，裒然不自，儡然若無能；不與時爭是非，不與俗辯曲直；不矜名，不辭謗，不求譽；其味至淡，其觀至拙；夫如是，則何以異乎人哉？其異乎人者，謂心統乎群理而不繆，智周乎萬物而不過，變故暴至而不惑，真偽叢萃而不迷。故其得志則邦家治以和，社稷安以固，兆民受其慶，群生賴其澤。八極之內同為一。斯誠非流俗之所豫知也，不然，安得赫赫之譽哉？其赫赫之譽者，皆形乎流俗之觀，而曲同乎流俗之聽也。君子固不然矣。昔管夷吾嘗三戰而皆北，人皆謂之無勇；與之分財，取多，人皆謂之不廉；不死子紏之難，人皆謂之背義。若時無鮑叔之舉、霸君之聽，休功不立於世，盛名不垂於後，則長為賤丈夫矣。魯人見仲尼之好讓而不爭也，亦謂之無能，為之謠曰：「素鞞羔裘，求之無尤。黑裘素鞞，求之無戾。」夫以聖人之德，昭明顯融，高宏博厚，宜其易知也。且猶若此，而況賢者乎？以斯論之，則時俗之所不譽者，未必為非也。其所譽者，未必為是也。故《詩》曰：「山有扶蘇，隰有荷華。不見子都，乃見狂且。」言所謂好者非好，醜者非醜，亦由亂之所致也。治世則不然矣，叔世之君生乎亂，求大臣、置宰相而信流俗之說，故不免乎國風之譏也，而欲與之興天和，致時雍，遏禍亂，弭妖災，無異策穿蹄之乘，而登太行之險，亦必顛躓矣。故《書》曰：「肱股墮哉，萬事隳哉。」此之謂也。

《史記 - Shiji》
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[Western Han] 109 BC-91 BC Sima Qian

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[Also known as: "Records of the Grand Historian"]

《夏本紀 - Annals of the Xia》

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25 Jump to dictionary Show parallel passages	夏本紀:	於是夔行樂，祖考至，群后相讓，鳥獸翔舞，簫韶九成，鳳皇來儀，百獸率舞，百官信諧。帝用此作歌曰：「陟天之命，維時維幾。」乃歌曰：「股肱喜哉，元首起哉，百工熙哉！」皋陶拜手稽首揚言曰：「念哉，率為興事，慎乃憲，敬哉！」乃更為歌曰：「元首明哉，股肱良哉，庶事康哉！」（舜）又歌曰：「元首叢脞哉，股肱惰哉，萬事墮哉！」帝拜曰：「然，往欽哉！」於是天下皆宗禹之明度數聲樂，為山川神主。
	Annals of the Xia:	Kui played some music; the spirits of Imperial ancestors, and hosts of nobles gave place to one another, and even birds and beasts wheeled about and danced. When the nine airs of Shun's music were played, the phoenixes came and put themselves in attitudes, the different beasts led each other on to dance, and the various officials were really in harmony. The Emperor upon this composed the following ode, 'Being set on high by the favouring appointment of Heaven, we must be careful at every moment, and in every particular.' He then sang as follows, 'When the members are happy, the head is exalted, and the various kinds of work are happily performed.' Gaoyao did obeisance with his head to his hands, and then to the ground, and with a loud voice said, 'Oh! think. It is yours to lead on and originate affairs. Pay careful attention to your laws. Be cautious.' He continued his song, saying, 'When the head is intelligent, the members are good, and all business will prosper.' Shun again sang as follows, 'When the head is vexatious, the members are idle, and all business is ruined.' The Emperor bowed and said, 'Yes, go and be reverent!' The whole nation upon this applauded Yu's brilliant musical performance, and the divine lord of hills and streams.

《漢書 - Han Shu》
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[Xin - Eastern Han] 36-111

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[Also known as: 《前漢》]

《紀》

《元帝紀》

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元帝紀:

夏四月，詔曰：「朕承先帝之聖緒，獲奉宗廟，戰戰兢兢。間者地數動而未靜，懼於天地之戒，不知所繇。方田作時，朕憂蒸庶之失業，臨遣光祿大夫褒等十二人循行天下，存問耆老鰥寡孤獨困乏失職之民，延登賢俊，招顯側陋，因覽風俗之化。相守二千石誠能正躬勞力，宣明教化，以親萬姓，則六合之內和親，庶幾虖無憂矣。書不云乎？『股肱良哉，庶事康哉！』布告天下，使明知朕意。」又曰：「關東今年穀不登，民多困乏。其令郡國被災害甚者毋出租賦。江海陂湖園池屬少府者以假貧民，勿租賦。賜宗室有屬籍者馬一匹至二駟，三老、孝者帛五匹，弟者、力田三匹，鰥寡孤獨二匹，吏民五十戶牛酒。」

《經典文獻 - Ancient Classics》

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《尚書 - Shang Shu》

[Spring and Autumn (772 BC - 476 BC)]

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[Also known as: 《書》, 《書經》, "The Classic of History", "The Book of Documents"]

《虞書 - Yu Shu》

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《益稷 - Yi and Ji》
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English translation: James Legge ^[?]

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6 Jump to dictionary Show parallel passages	益稷:	帝庸作歌，曰：「勑天之命，惟時惟幾。」乃歌曰：「股肱喜哉！元首起哉！百工熙哉！」皋陶拜手稽首颺言曰：「念哉！率作興事，慎乃憲，欽哉！屢省乃成，欽哉！」乃賡載歌曰：「元首明哉，股肱良哉，庶事康哉！」又歌曰：「元首叢脞哉，股肱惰哉，萬事墮哉！」帝拜曰：「俞，往欽哉！」
	Yi and Ji:	The Di on this made a song, saying, 'We must deal cautiously with the favouring appointment of Heaven, at every moment and in the smallest particular.' He then sang. 'When the members (work) joyfully, The head rises (grandly); And the duties of all the offices are fully discharged! Gao-Yao did obeisance with his head to his hands and then to the ground, and with a loud and rapid voice said,' Think (O Di). It is your to lead on and originate things. Pay careful attention to your laws (in doing so). Be reverential! and often examine what has been accomplished (by your officers). Be reverential!' With this he continued the song, 'When the head is intelligent, The members are good; And all affairs will be happily performed!' Again he continued the song, 'When the head is vexatious, The members are idle; And all affairs will go to ruin!' The Di said, 'Yes, go and be reverently (attentive to your duties).'

《漢代之後 - Post-Han》
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《魏晉南北朝 - Wei, Jin, and North-South》

《三國志》
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[Western Jin] 265-300

《魏書十五》

《溫恢傳》

溫恢傳:

溫恢字曼基，太原祁人也。父恕，為涿郡太守，卒。恢年十五，送葬還歸鄉里，內足於財。恢曰：「世方亂，安以富為？」一朝盡散，振施宗族。州里高之，比之郇越。舉孝廉，為廩丘長，鄢陵、廣川令，彭城、魯相，所在見稱。入為丞相主簿，出為揚州刺史。太祖曰：「甚欲使卿在親近，顧以為不如此州事大。故書云：『股肱良哉！庶事康哉！』得無當得蔣濟為治中邪？」時濟見為丹楊太守，乃遣濟還州。又語張遼、樂進等曰：「揚州刺史曉達軍事，動靜與共咨議。」

《隋唐 - Sui-Tang》

《群書治要》

[Tang] 631

《卷二》

《尚書》

尚書:

咎繇拜手稽首。乃賡載歌曰：元首明哉。股肱良哉。庶事康哉。賡，續也。載，成也。帝歌歸美股肱，義未足，故續歌先君後臣，衆事乃安，以成其義也。又歌曰：元首叢脞哉。股肱惰哉。萬事墮哉。叢脞，細碎無大略也。君如此則臣懈惰，萬事墮廢，其功不成，歌以申戒也。

《卷四十六》

《中論》

中論:

帝者昧旦而視朝，南面而聽天下，將與誰為之，豈非羣公卿士歟，故大臣不可以不得其人也。大臣者，君股肱耳目也。所以視聽也。所以行事也。先王知其如是，故博求聰明睿哲君子措諸上位，使執邦之政令焉。執政聰明睿哲，則其事舉，其事舉，則百僚莫不任其職，百僚莫不任其職，則庶事莫不致其治，庶事莫不致其治，則九牧之人莫不得其所。故書曰：元首明哉。股肱良哉。庶事康哉。

《卷四十八》

《典語》

典語:

天子所以立公卿大夫列士之官者，非但欲備員數，設虛位而已也。以天下至廣，庶事總猥，非一人之身所能周理，故分官别職，各守其位，事有大小，故官有尊卑，人有優劣，故爵有等級，三公者，帝王之所杖也。自非天下之俊德，當世之良材，即不得而處其任，處其任者，必荷其責，在其任者，必知所職，夫匡輔社稷，佐日揚光，協齊七政，宣化四方，此三公之職，籩豆之事，則有司存，大臣不親細事，猶周鼎不調小味也。故書曰：元首叢莝哉。股肱惰哉。庶事墮哉。此之謂也。陳平曰：宰相者，上佐天子，下理陰陽，外無四夷諸侯，內親附百姓，使卿大夫各得其其字疑衍任其職也。可謂知其任者也。

《藝文類聚》

[Tang] 624

《卷四十三》

《樂部三》

《歌》