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| Scope: Daoism Request type: Paragraph |
| Condition 1: Contains text "曷" Matched:4. |
| Total 4 paragraphs. Page 1 of 1. |
《道家 - Daoism》 | Related resources |
《莊子 - Zhuangzi》 | [Warring States] 350 BC-250 BC | Books referencing 《莊子》 Library Resources Source Related resources |
《外篇 - Outer Chapters》 | English translation: James Legge [?] | Library Resources |
《胠篋 - Cutting open Satchels》 | English translation: James Legge [?] | Books referencing 《胠篋》 Library Resources |
| 1 | 胠篋: | 將為胠篋、探囊、發匱之盜而為守備，則必攝緘、縢，固扃、鐍，此世俗之所謂知也。然而巨盜至，則負匱、揭篋、擔囊而趨，唯恐緘、縢、扃、鐍之不固也。然則鄉之所謂知者，不乃為大盜積者也？故嘗試論之，世俗之所謂知者，有不為大盜積者乎？所謂聖者，有不為大盜守者乎？何以知其然邪？昔者齊國鄰邑相望，雞狗之音相聞，罔罟之所布，耒耨之所刺，方二千餘里。闔四竟之內，所以立宗廟社稷，治邑、屋、州、閭、鄉曲者，曷嘗不法聖人哉！然而田成子一旦殺齊君而盜其國。所盜者豈獨其國邪？並與其聖知之法而盜之。故田成子有乎盜賊之名，而身處堯、舜之安，小國不敢非，大國不敢誅，十二世有齊國。則是不乃竊齊國，並與其聖知之法，以守其盜賊之身乎？嘗試論之，世俗之所謂至知者，有不為大盜積者乎？所謂至聖者，有不為大盜守者乎？何以知其然邪？昔者龍逢斬，比干剖，萇弘胣，子胥靡，故四子之賢而身不免乎戮。故盜跖之徒問於跖曰：「盜亦有道乎？」跖曰：「何適而無有道邪？夫妄意室中之藏，聖也；入先，勇也；出後，義也；知可否，知也；分均，仁也。五者不備而能成大盜者，天下未之有也。」由是觀之，善人不得聖人之道不立，跖不得聖人之道不行；天下之善人少而不善人多，則聖人之利天下也少而害天下也多。 |
| Cutting open Satchels:...: | In taking precautions against thieves who cut open satchels, search bags, and break open boxes, people are sure to cord and fasten them well, and to employ strong bonds and clasps; and in this they are ordinarily said to show their wisdom. When a great thief comes, however, he shoulders the box, lifts up the satchel, carries off the bag, and runs away with them, afraid only that the cords, bonds, and clasps may not be secure; and in this case what was called the wisdom (of the owners) proves to be nothing but a collecting of the things for the great thief. Let me try and set this matter forth. Do not those who are vulgarly called wise prove to be collectors for the great thieves? And do not those who are called sages prove to be but guardians in the interest of the great thieves? How do I know that the case is so? Formerly, in the state of Qi, the neighbouring towns could see one another; their cocks and dogs never ceased to answer the crowing and barking of other cocks and dogs (between them). The nets were set (in the water and on the land); and the ploughs and hoes were employed over more than a space of two thousand li square. All within its four boundaries, the establishment of the ancestral temples and of the altars of the land and grain, and the ordering of the hamlets and houses, and of every corner in the districts, large, medium, and small, were in all particulars according to the rules of the sages. So it was; but yet one morning, Tian Cheng-zi killed the ruler of Qi, and stole his state. And was it only the state that he stole? Along with it he stole also the regulations of the sages and wise men (observed in it). And so, though he got the name of being a thief and a robber, yet he himself continued to live as securely as Yao and Shun had done. Small states did not dare to find fault with him; great states did not dare to take him off; for twelve generations (his descendants) have possessed the state of Qi. Thus do we not have a case in which not only did (the party) steal the state of Qi, but at the same time the regulations of its sages and wise men, which thereby served to guard the person of him, thief and robber as he was? Let me try to set forth this subject (still further). Have not there been among those vulgarly styled the wisest, such as have collected (their wealth) for the great chief? And among those styled the most sage such as have guarded it for him? How do I know that it has been so? Formerly, Long-feng was beheaded; Bi-gan had his heart torn out; Chang Hong was ripped open; and Zi-xu was reduced to pulp (in the Chang). Worthy as those four men were, they did not escape such dreadful deaths. The followers of the robber Zhi asked him, saying, 'Has the robber also any method or principle (in his proceedings)?' He replied, 'What profession is there which has not its principles? That the robber in his recklessness comes to the conclusion that there are valuable deposits in an apartment shows his sageness; that he is the first to enter it shows his bravery; that he is the last to quit it shows his righteousness; that he knows whether (the robbery) may be attempted or not shows his wisdom; and that he makes an equal division of the plunder shows his benevolence. Without all these five qualities no one in the world has ever attained to become a great robber.' Looking at the subject in this way, we see that good men do not arise without having the principles of the sages, and that Zhi could not have pursued his course without the same principles. But the good men in the world are few, and those who are not good are many - it follows that the sages benefit the world in a few instances and injure it in many. |
《在宥 - Letting Be, and Exercising Forbearance》 | English translation: James Legge [?] | Books referencing 《在宥》 Library Resources |
| 5 | 在宥: | 世俗之人，皆喜人之同乎己，而惡人之異於己也。同於己而欲之、異於己而不欲者，以出乎眾為心也。夫以出於眾為心者，曷嘗出乎眾哉！因眾以寧所聞，不如眾技眾矣。而欲為人之國者，此攬乎三王之利，而不見其患者也。此以人之國僥倖也，幾何僥倖而不喪人之國乎！其存人之國也，無萬分之一；而喪人之國也，一不成而萬有餘喪矣。悲夫！有土者之不知也！ |
| Letting Be, and Exercising...: | The ordinary men of the world all rejoice in men's agreeing with themselves, and dislike men's being different from themselves. This rejoicing and this dislike arise from their being bent on making themselves distinguished above all others. But have they who have this object at heart so risen out above all others? They depend on them to rest quietly (in the position which they desire), and their knowledge is not equal to the multitude of the arts of all those others! When they wish again to administer a state for its ruler, they proceed to employ all the methods which the kings of the three dynasties considered profitable without seeing the evils of such a course. This is to make the state depend on the peradventure of their luck. But how seldom it is that that peradventure does not issue in the ruin of the state! Not once in ten thousand instances will such men preserve a state. Not once will they succeed, and in more than ten thousand cases will they ruin it. Alas that the possessors of territory (the rulers of states) should not know the danger (of employing such men)! | |
| 夫有土者，有大物也。有大物者，不可以物物；而不物，故能物物。明乎物物者之非物也，豈獨治天下百姓而已哉！出入六合，遊乎九州，獨往獨來，是謂獨有。獨有之人，是謂至貴。 | ||
| Now the possessors of territory possess the greatest of (all) things. Possessing the greatest of all things (possessing, that is, men) they should not try to deal with them as (simply) things. And it is he who is not a thing (himself) that is therefore able to deal with (all) things as they severally require. When (a ruler) clearly understands that he who should so deal with all things is not a thing himself, will he only rule the kingdom? He will go out and in throughout the universe (at his pleasure); he will roam over the nine regions, alone in going, alone in coming. Him we call the sole possessor (of this ability); and the sole possessor (of this ability) is what is called the noblest of all. | ||
| 大人之教，若形之於影，聲之於響。有問而應之，盡其所懷，為天下配。處乎無響，行乎無方。挈汝適復之撓撓，以遊無端，出入無旁，與日無始，頌論形軀，合乎大同，大同而無己。無己，惡乎得有有！睹有者，昔之君子；睹無者，天地之友。 | ||
| The teaching of (this) great man goes forth as the shadow from the substance, as the echo responds to the sound. When questioned, he responds, exhausting (from his own stores) all that is in the (enquirer's) mind, as if front to front with all under heaven. His resting-place gives forth no sound; his sphere of activity has no restriction of place, He conducts every one to his proper goal, proceeding to it and bringing him back to it as by his own movement. His movements have no trace; his going forth and his re-enterings have no deviation; his course is like that of the sun without beginning (or ending). If you would praise or discourse about his personality, he is united with the great community of existences. He belongs to that great community, and has no individual self. Having no individual self, how should he have anything that can be called his? If you look at those who have what they call their own, they are the superior men of former times; if you look at him who has nothing of the kind, he is the friend of heaven and earth. |
《鶡冠子 - He Guan Zi》 | [Warring States (475 BC - 221 BC)] | Books referencing 《鶡冠子》 Library Resources Related resources |
《天則》 | Books referencing 《天則》 Library Resources |
| 1 | 天則: | 聖王者，有聽微決疑之道，能屏讒，權實，逆淫辭，絕流語，去無用，杜絕朋黨之門，嫉妒之人，不得著明，非君子術數之士莫得當前。故邪弗能奸，禍不能中。彼天地之以無極者，以守度量，而不可濫，日不踰辰，月宿其列，當名服事，星守弗去，弦望晦朔，終始相巡，踰年累歲，用不縵縵，此天之所柄以臨斗者也。中參成位，四氣為政，前張後極，左角右鉞，九文循理，以省官眾，小大畢舉。先無怨讎之患，後無毀名敗行之咎。故其威上際下交，其澤四被而不鬲。天之不違，以不離一，天若離一，反還為物。不創不作，與天地合德，節璽相信，如月應日。此聖人之所以宜世也。知足以滑正，略足以恬禍，此危國之不可安，亡國之不可存也。故天道先貴覆者，地道先貴載者，人道先貴事者，酒保先貴食者。待物也，領氣時也，生殺法也。循度以斷，天之節也。列地而守之，分民而部之。寒者得衣，饑者得食，冤者得理，勞者得息，聖人之所期也。夫裁衣而知擇其工，裁國而知索其人，此固世之所公哉。同而後可以見天，異而後可以見人，變而後可以見時，化而後可以見道。臨利而後可以見信，臨財而後可以見仁，臨難而後可以見勇，臨事而後可以見術數之士。九皇之制，主不虛王，臣不虛貴階級。尊卑名號，自君吏民，次者無國，歷寵歷錄，副所以付授，與天人參相結連，鉤攷之具不備故也。下之所逜，上之可蔽，斯其離人情而失天節者也。緩則怠，急則困，見閒則以奇相御，人之情也。舉以八極，信焉而弗信，天之則也。差繆之閒，言不可合，平不中律，月望而晨月毀於天，珠蛤蠃蚌虛于深渚，上下同離也。未令而知其為，未使而知其往，上不加務而民自盡，此化之期也。使而不往，禁而不止，上下乖謬者，其道不相得也。上統下撫者，遠眾之慝也，陰陽不接者，其理無從相及也，算不相當者，人不應上也。符節亡此，曷曾可合也，為而無害，成而不敗，一人唱而萬人和，如體之從心，此政之期也。蓋毋錦杠悉動者，其要在一也。 |
| 2 | 天則: | 未見不得其𧭉而能除其疾也。文武交用而不得事實者，法令放而無以梟之謂也。舍此而按之彼者，曷曾可得也。冥言易，而如言難。故父不能得之於子，而君弗能得之於臣。已見天之所以信於物矣，未見人之所信於物也。捐物任勢者，天也，捐物任勢，故莫能宰而不天。夫物故曲可改人可使。法章物而不自許者，天之道也。以為奉教陳忠之臣，未足恃也。故法者，曲制，官備，主用也。舉善不以窅窅，拾過不以冥冥。決此，法之所貴也。若礱磨不用，賜物雖詘，有不效者矣。上下有閒，於是設防知蔽並起。故政在私家而弗能取，重人掉權而弗能止，賞加無功而弗能奪，法廢不奉而弗能立。罰行於非其人而弗能絕者，不與其民之故也。夫使百姓釋己而以上為心者，教之所期也。八極之舉，不能時贊，故可壅塞也。昔者有道之取政，非於耳目也。夫耳之主聽，目之主明。一葉蔽目，不見太山，兩豆塞耳，不聞雷霆。道開而否，未之聞也。見遺不掇，非人情也。信情脩生，非其天誅，逆夫人僇，不勝任也。為成求得者，事之所期也。為之以民，道之要也。唯民知極，弗之代也。此聖王授業，所以守制也。彼教苦故民行薄，失之本故爭於末。人有分於處，處有分於地，地有分於天，天有分於時，時有分於數，數有分於度，度有分於一。天居高而耳卑者，此之謂也。故聖王天時人之地之雅無牧能因無功多。尊君卑臣，非計親也，任賢使能，非與處也。水火不相入，天之制也。明不能照者，道弗能得也，規不能包者，力弗能挈也。自知慧出，使玉化為環玦者，是政反為滑也。田不因地形，不能成穀，為化不因民，不能成俗。嚴疾過也，喜怒適也，四者已仞，非師術也。形嗇而亂益者，勢不相牧也。德與身存亡者，未可以取法也。昔宥世者，未有離天人而能善與國者也。先王之盛名，未有非士之所立者也。過生於上，罪死於下。濁世之所以為俗也，一人乎，一人乎，命之所極也。 |
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