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劉璋字季玉，江夏人也。為益州刺史，聞曹公征荊州，遣别駕張松詣曹公，曹公時已定荊州，走先主，不復存録松，松勸璋自絕。 |
| | Liu Zhang, courtesy name Jiyu, was a native of Jiangxia. He served as the Inspector of Yizhou. Upon hearing that Cao Gong was launching a campaign against Jingzhou, Liu Zhang sent his assistant Zhongjia Zhang Song to visit Cao Gong. At that time, Cao Gong had already pacified Jingzhou and driven away Emperor Xian, no longer keeping track of or showing concern for Zhang Song. As a result, Zhang Song advised Liu Zhang to cut off ties with him.
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先主姓劉，諱備字玄德，涿郡人也。少語言，善下人，喜怒不形於色，為豫州牧，叛曹公，劉表郊迎，以上賓禮待之，益其兵，使屯新野，曹公南征表，會表卒，子琮請降，先主遂將其衆去，與曹公戰於赤壁，大破之，益州牧劉璋降，先主領益州牧，諸葛亮為股肱，法正為謀主，關羽，張飛，馬超為爪牙，許靖，麋竺，簡雍為賓友，及董和，黄權，李嚴等，本璋之所授用也。吳壹，費觀等，又璋之婚親也。劉巴者，宿昔之所忌恨也。皆處之顯任，盡其器能，有志之士，無不競勸。 |
| | Emperor Xian, surname Liu, given name Bei, courtesy name Xuande, was a native of Zhuo Jun. He was a quiet speaker and good at showing humility to others, never displaying his joy or anger on his face. When he served as Inspector of Yu Zhou, he rebelled against Cao Gong. Liu Biao met him in the suburbs with the courtesy of a distinguished guest, provided additional troops for him, and stationed them in Xinye. When Cao Gong launched a southern campaign against Liu Biao, Liu Biao died at that time; his son Liu Cong requested surrender. Emperor Xian then led his forces away and fought Cao Gong at Chibi, where he decisively defeated the latter. The Inspector of Yizhou, Liu Zhang, surrendered, and Emperor Xian took over as Inspector of Yizhou. Zhuge Liang served as a trusted aide, Fa Zheng as chief strategist, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, Ma Chao as his key generals, Xu Jing, Mi Zhu, Jian Yong as honored guests, along with Dong He, Huang Quan, and Li Yan, who had originally been appointed by Liu Zhang. Wu Yi, Fei Guan, and others were also relatives of Liu Zhang through marriage. Liu Ba was someone who had been long resented and hated in the past. He assigned them all prominent positions, making full use of their talents and abilities. Ambitious men without exception were inspired to strive for excellence.
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魏文帝稱尊號，傳聞漢帝見害，先主乃發喪製服，即皇帝位於成都，章武三年，病篤，托孤於丞相亮，殂於永安宮。評曰：先主之弘毅寬厚，知人待士，蓋有高祖之風，英雄之器焉。及其舉國托孤於諸葛亮，而心神無二，誠君臣之至公，古今之盛軌也。 |
| | When Wei Wen Di assumed the title of emperor, it was rumored that Emperor Han had been killed. In response, Emperor Xian observed mourning rites and donned appropriate attire for a funeral. He then declared himself emperor in Chengdu. In the third year of Zhangwu (223 AD), when his illness worsened, he entrusted the care of his young son to Chancellor Zhuge Liang and passed away at Yong'an Palace. Ping said: Emperor Xian was broad-minded, resolute, and generous; he understood people well and treated his subordinates with respect. He indeed possessed the style of Emperor Gaozu and the bearing of a hero. And when he entrusted his entire kingdom to Zhuge Liang, placing absolute trust in him without any second thoughts, it truly embodied the highest standard of loyalty between ruler and minister, a model for both ancient and modern times.
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諸葛亮，字孔明，琅邪人也。每自比於管仲，樂毅，時人莫之許也。唯博陵崔州平，潁川徐庶元直與亮友善，謂為信然，時先主屯新野，徐庶見先主，先主器之。謂先主曰：諸葛孔明者，臥龍也。將軍豈願見之乎。先主遂詣亮，凡三，於是與亮情好日密，關羽，張飛等不悅。先主解之曰：孤之有孔明，猶魚之有水也。願諸君勿復言，羽，飛乃止，成都平，以亮為軍師將軍，先主外出，亮常鎭守成都，足食足兵，先主既帝位，策亮為丞相，録尚書事，先主病篤，召亮，屬以後事。謂亮曰：君才十倍曹丕，必能安國，終定大事，若嗣子可輔，輔之，如其不才，君可自取。亮涕泣曰：臣敢竭股肱之力，效忠貞之節，繼之以死。先主又為詔敕後主曰：汝與丞相從事，事之如父。 |
| | Zhuge Liang, courtesy name Kongming, was a native of Langya. He often compared himself to Guan Zhong and Yue Yi, but contemporaries did not agree with this self-assessment. Only Boling Cui Zhouping and Yingchuan Xu Shu Yuanzhi, who were friends with Zhuge Liang, believed this to be true. At that time Emperor Xian was stationed in Xinye; Xu Shu met Emperor Xian, who regarded him highly. He said to Emperor Xian: "Zhuge Kongming is a recluse dragon." Would you like to meet him, General?" Emperor Xian then visited Zhuge Liang three times. As a result, the bond between them grew increasingly close day by day, which caused Guan Yu and Zhang Fei to be displeased. Emperor Xian explained: "For me to have Kongming is like a fish having water." "I hope you all will not mention this again," said Guan Yu and Zhang Fei, who then ceased their complaints. After Chengdu was pacified, Zhuge Liang was appointed as General of Military Affairs. Whenever Emperor Xian went on military campaigns, Zhuge Liang remained in Chengdu to oversee the city's defense, ensuring sufficient food supplies and armed forces. After Emperor Xian ascended the throne, he conferred upon Zhuge Liang the title of Chancellor and entrusted him with handling all official matters as Grand Secretary. When Emperor Xian fell seriously ill, he summoned Zhuge Liang and entrusted him with affairs concerning his successor. He said to Zhuge Liang: "Your talent is ten times that of Cao Pi. You are certainly capable of stabilizing the state and ultimately achieving great success. If my successor proves worthy, assist him; if he lacks ability, you may take over yourself." Zhuge Liang wept and said: "Minister dares to devote his full strength as a loyal aide, upholding loyalty and integrity until death." Emperor Xian also issued an edict to his successor: "You must treat the Chancellor as you would your father."
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建興十二年，亮悉大衆由斜谷出，以流馬運，據武功五丈原，與司馬宣王對於渭南，分兵屯田，耕者雜於渭濱居民之間，而百姓安堵，軍無私焉。相持百餘日，亮病，卒於軍，初。亮自表後主曰：成都有桑八百株，薄田十五頃，子弟衣食，自有餘饒，至於臣，在外任，無别調度隨身，衣食悉仰於官，若死之日，不使內有餘帛，外有贏財，以負陛下，及卒，如其所言。 |
| | In the twelfth year of Jianxing (234 AD), Zhuge Liang led his entire army out from Xiegou Valley, using liuma carts for transport. He took up a position at Wucheng Wu Zhang Yuan and confronted Sima Xuanwang across the southern bank of the Wei River. He divided his forces to establish farmland settlements; farmers mixed among the residents along the banks of the Wei River, and the people lived in peace while the army maintained strict discipline without any private misconduct. After holding their positions for more than a hundred days, Zhuge Liang fell ill and died in his military camp. Initially, Zhuge Liang had previously submitted a report to his successor: "In Chengdu, there are eight hundred mulberry trees and fifteen qing of poor farmland. My descendants' clothing and food will be more than sufficient on their own. As for me, while serving in an official capacity outside the capital, I have not received any special provisions or personal supplies; my clothing and food entirely depend on government rations. On the day of my death, I shall ensure that there is no surplus silk at home nor excess wealth abroad, so as not to betray Your Majesty." When he died, his words proved true. Jian replied: "He would certainly correct any wrongdoing he heard of, without boasting about his own virtues; the credibility of his rewards and punishments was sufficient to move even spirits and deities." The emperor said: "Well said." "If I could have had such a man to advise me, how could there be the burdens of today?" Jian kowtowed and said: "Minister secretly heard the public opinion, which all say that Deng Ai was wrongfully treated. Your Majesty is aware of this but has not addressed it—this is not what Feng Tang once referred to as having obtained Po and Mu but being unable to use them?" The emperor smiled and said: "I had indeed wanted to clarify this matter. Your words have stirred my thoughts." He then issued an edict to clear Deng Ai's name.}}
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評曰：諸葛亮之為相國也。撫百姓，示義軌，約官職，從權制，開誠心，布公道，盡忠益時者雖讎必賞，犯法怠慢者雖親必罰，服罪輸情者雖重必釋，游辭巧飾者雖輕必戮，善無微而不賞，惡無纖而不貶，庶事精練，物理其本，循名責實，虛僞不齒，終於邦域之內，咸畏而愛之，刑政雖峻而無怨者，以其用心平而勸戒明也。可謂識治之良才，管，蕭之亞匹矣。 |
| | Ping said: Zhuge Liang, as Chancellor of the State, treated the common people with care, set an example of righteousness and conduct, streamlined official positions, followed flexible regulations, showed sincerity, and promoted fairness. Those who served loyally for the good of the times were rewarded even if they had been enemies; those who broke laws or acted negligently were punished even if they were close relatives. Those who confessed their crimes and expressed genuine remorse were released from punishment no matter how severe it might have seemed; those who used evasive words and deceptive rhetoric were executed regardless of how minor the offense appeared to be. No act of goodness, however small, went unrewarded; no wrongdoing, however slight, escaped censure. He meticulously refined all affairs, grasped their fundamental principles, held officials accountable for fulfilling their duties, and disdained falsehoods and deceptions. Within his realm, people universally feared yet loved him. Although the laws were strict, there was no resentment—this was because he governed with fairness in mind and clearly established incentives and deterrents. He can truly be called a man of exceptional talent who understood governance, second only to Guan Zhong and Xiao He.
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關羽字雲長，河東人也。先主合徒衆，羽與張飛為之御侮，先主與二人寢則同床，恩若兄弟，而稠人廣坐，侍立終日，隨先主周旋，不避艱險，先主使羽守下邳，曹公東征，擒羽以歸，拜為偏將軍，禮之甚厚，袁紹遣大將軍顔良攻東郡太守劉延於白馬，曹公使張遼及羽為先鋒擊之，羽望見良麾蓋，策馬刺良於萬衆之中，斬其首還，紹諸將莫能當者，遂解白馬圍，曹公表封羽為漢壽亭侯，初，曹公壯羽為人，而察其心神無久留之意。謂張遼曰：卿試以情問之，即而遼以問羽。羽嘆曰：吾極知曹公待我厚，然吾受劉將軍恩，誓以共死，不可背之，吾終不留，吾要當立效以報曹公，而後乃歸，遼以羽言報曹公，曹公義之，及羽殺顔良，曹公知其必去也。重加賞賜，羽盡封所賜，而奔先主，左右欲追之。曹公曰：彼各為其主，勿追之。 |
| | Guan Yu, courtesy name Yunchang, was a native of Hedong. When Emperor Xian gathered his followers, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei served as their defenders. Emperor Xian shared a bed with the two men at night, treating them like brothers in affection; yet in public gatherings, they stood by his side all day long, accompanying him through hardships without fear or hesitation. Emperor Xian assigned Guan Yu to defend Xiapi. When Cao Gong led an eastern campaign, he captured Guan Yu and brought him back, appointing him as a General of the Left Wing and treating him with great respect. Yuan Shao sent his general Yan Liang to attack Liu Yan, the governor of Dongjun at Baima. Cao Gong dispatched Zhang Liao and Guan Yu as vanguard forces against them. Guan Yu spotted Yan Liang's banner from afar, rode into the midst of thousands of enemy soldiers, pierced Yan Liang on horseback, beheaded him, and returned with his head. None among Yuan Shao's generals could withstand this feat, thus lifting the siege at Baima. Cao Kong submitted a recommendation to bestow upon Guan Yu the title of Hanshou Ting Hou (Marquis of Hanshou Pavilion). Initially, Cao Gong admired Guan Yu's character but observed that his heart and mind were not set on staying for long. He said to Zhang Liao: "You may try asking him about his feelings." Soon after, Zhang Liao asked Guan Yu. Guan Yu sighed and said: "I fully understand how kindly Cao Gong has treated me, but I have received a great debt of gratitude from General Liu. I swore to share life and death with him; I cannot betray that oath. Therefore, I will not remain here permanently. However, I must first achieve some feat in order to repay Cao Gong before returning." Zhang Liao reported Guan Yu's words to Cao Gong, who admired his righteousness. After Guan Yu killed Yan Liang, Cao Gong knew he would inevitably leave. Cao Gong generously bestowed additional rewards and honors upon him. Guan Yu sealed all the gifts he had received and then rushed to join Emperor Xian. Cao Gong's attendants wanted to pursue him. Cao Gong said: "He is serving his own lord; do not chase after him."
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張飛，字益德，涿郡人也。先主攻劉璋，飛分定郡縣，至江州，破璋將嚴顔，生獲顔。飛呵顔曰：大軍至，何以不降而敢拒戰。顔答曰：卿等無狀，侵奪我州，我州但有斷頭將軍，無有降將軍也。飛怒，令左右牽去斫頭，顔顔色不變。曰：斫頭便斫頭，何為怒耶，飛壯而釋之，引為賓客，章武元年，遷車騎將軍，飛雄壯威猛，亞於關羽，魏謀臣程昱等咸稱羽，飛萬人之敵也。羽善待卒伍而驕於士大夫，飛愛敬君子而不恤小人。先主常戒之曰：卿刑殺既過差，又日鞭檛健兒，而令在左右，此取禍之道也。飛猶不悛，先主伐吳，飛當率兵萬人，自閬中會江州，臨發，其帳下將張達范强殺飛。 |
| | Zhang Fei, courtesy name Yide, was a native of Zhuo jun. Emperor Xian launched an attack on Liu Zhang; Zhang Fei was assigned to pacify the commanderies and counties. He reached Jiangzhou, defeated Liu Zhang's general Yan Yan, and captured him alive. Zhang Fei scolded Yan Yan: "The great army has arrived; why did you not surrender but instead dared to resist?" Yan Yan replied: "You people are shameless, invading and seizing our state. Our state has only beheaded generals; there is no such thing as a surrendering general." Zhang Fei became furious and ordered his attendants to drag Yan Yan away for beheading. Yet Yan Yan's expression did not change. He said: "If you are going to behead me, then do so—why get angry?" Impressed by his courage, Zhang Fei released him and invited him as a guest. In the first year of Zhangwu (219 AD), he was promoted to General of Chaji. Zhang Fei was bold, imposing, and fierce; second only to Guan Yu in reputation. Wei's strategists Cheng Yu and others all praised Guan Yu and Zhang Fei as enemies capable of facing ten thousand soldiers. Guan Yu treated his common soldiers well but was arrogant toward the gentry and officials. Zhang Fei respected and loved gentlemen but showed no concern for petty people. Emperor Xian often warned him: "Your excessive punishment and killing are already problematic, and you also frequently whip and beat your strong men while keeping them close by. This is a sure way to invite disaster." Zhang Fei still did not reform his ways. When Emperor Xian launched a campaign against Wu, Zhang Fei was supposed to lead ten thousand troops from Langzhong and rendezvous with Jiangzhou. Just before departure, two of his subordinates, Zhang Da and Fan Qiang, killed him.
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龐統，字士元，襄陽人也。郡命為功曹，性好人倫，勤於長養，每所稱述，多過其才，時人怪問之。統答曰：當今天下大亂，雅道陵遲，善人少而惡人多，方欲興風俗，長道業，不美其談，即聲名不足慕企，不足慕企而為善者少矣。今拔十失五，猶得其半，而可以崇邁世教，使有志者自厲，不亦可乎。守耒陽令，在縣不治，免官。吳將魯肅遺先主書曰：龐士元非百里才也。使處治中，别駕之任，始當展其驥足耳，諸葛亮亦言之於先主，先主見，與善談，大器之，以為治中從事，親待亞諸葛亮，為流矢所中，卒，先主痛惜，言則流涕。 |
| | Pang Tong, courtesy name Shiyuan, was a native of Xiangyang. The commandery appointed him as Gongcao (an official in charge of personnel). He had a fondness for human relationships and was diligent in nurturing others. Whenever he praised someone, his assessment often exceeded the person's actual ability, which led contemporaries to question this peculiar behavior. Tong replied: "Nowadays, the world is in great turmoil and refined conduct has declined. There are few virtuous people but many wicked ones. We wish to revive customs and promote moral cultivation; if we do not praise those who speak well, their reputations will lack admiration and aspiration. Without such admiration, there would be even fewer people willing to act virtuously." "Now, if we recommend ten and miss five, we still gain half of them. This can elevate the moral standards of our age and inspire those with aspirations to strive for self-improvement. Is this not acceptable?" He served as magistrate of Leiyang, but while in office he did nothing about governance and was therefore dismissed from his post. Wu's general Lu Su sent a letter to Emperor Xian saying: "Pang Shiyuan is not merely a man capable of governing a hundred li." "He should be assigned to serve as Zhizhong or Zhongjia, and only then can his talents fully unfold." Zhuge Liang also mentioned this to Emperor Xian. When Emperor Xian met him, they had a pleasant conversation, and he greatly valued Pang Tong, appointing him as an official in the Zhizhong office. He was treated with great favor, second only to Zhuge Liang. However, Pang Tong was struck by a stray arrow and died. Emperor Xian mourned his death deeply, shedding tears whenever speaking of him.
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簡雍，字憲和，涿郡人也。為昭德將軍，時天旱禁酒，釀者有刑，吏於人家索得釀具，論者欲令與作酒者同罰，雍從先主游觀，見一男子行道。謂先主曰：彼人欲行淫，何以不縛。先主曰：卿何以知之。雍對曰：彼有淫具，與欲釀者同，先主大笑，而原欲釀者。 |
| | Jian Yong, courtesy name Xianhe, was a native of Zhuojun. He served as General of Zhaode. At that time, a drought led to a ban on alcohol; those who brewed wine faced punishment. Officials searched in private homes and found brewing equipment. Some argued they should be punished equally with the actual brewers. Jian Yong was touring with Emperor Xian when he saw a man walking along the road. He said to Emperor Xian: "That man intends to commit adultery; why not arrest him?" Emperor Xian asked: "How do you know this?" Jian Yong replied: "He has the tools for adultery, just as those who brew wine have brewing equipment." Emperor Xian burst into laughter and pardoned those who had brewed alcohol.
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董和，字幼宰，南郡人也。先主定蜀，與諸葛亮并署大司馬府事，獻可替否，共為歡交，死之日，家無儋石之貯，亮後為丞相。教與羣下曰：夫參署者，集衆思，廣忠益也。若遠小嫌，難相違覆，曠闕損矣。違覆而得中，猶弃弊蹻而獲珠玉也。然人心苦不能盡，唯徐元直處茲不惑，又董幼宰參署七年，事有不至，至於十反，來相啓吿，苟能慕元直之十一，幼宰之慇勤，有忠於國，則亮可少過矣。又曰：昔初交州平，屢聞得失，後交元直，勤見啓誨，前參事於幼宰，每言則盡，後從事於偉度，數有諫止，雖姿性鄙暗，不能悉納，然與此四子終始好合，亦足以明其不疑於直言也。其追思和如此。 |
| | Dong He, courtesy name Youzai, was a native of Nan Jun. When Emperor Xian pacified Shu, he shared administrative duties of the Grand Marshal's Office with Zhuge Liang. They advised each other on what to approve or reject and were close friends in joyous companionship. On the day Dong He died, there was not even a dan (a unit) of grain stored at his home. After this, Zhuge Liang became Chancellor. He instructed his subordinates: "Those who serve as advisors should gather collective wisdom and broaden the contributions of loyalty and benefit." "If they avoid minor disagreements, it becomes difficult to offer opposing views or corrections, which results in neglect and loss." To oppose and correct while achieving the right course is like discarding a broken shoe to gain pearls and jade. However, people find it difficult to fully achieve this. Only Xu Yuanzhi remained free from confusion in such matters. Dong Youzai served as an advisor for seven years; whenever there were unfinished affairs, he would return repeatedly up to ten times to report and inform me. If I could emulate even one-tenth of Xu Yuanzhi's clarity or a fraction of Dong Youzai's diligence and loyalty to the state, then my mistakes might be fewer. He also said: "In the past, when I first associated with Zhou Ping, I often heard of his gains and losses. Later, in my association with Yuanzhi, he diligently advised me on matters. When I previously worked under Youzai as an advisor, every time he spoke, he gave full expression to his views. Later, while working under Weidu, there were frequent warnings and dissuasions. Although my nature is coarse and obscure, I could not fully accept all of their advice; nevertheless, throughout the beginning and end of our relationships with these four men, we maintained harmonious cooperation, which was sufficient proof that I did not doubt sincere and direct speech." This is how he remembered and honored Dong He.
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允，字休昭，和子也。遷為侍中，甚盡匡救之理，後主嚴憚之，後主漸長大，愛宦人黄晧，晧便辟侮諂，欲自容人，允常上則正色匡主，下則數責於晧，晧畏允，不敢為非，終允之世，晧位不過黄門丞，陳祗代允為侍中，與晧互相表裏，晧始預政事，衹死後，晧從黄門令為中常侍，奉車都尉，操弄威柄，終至覆國，蜀人無不追思允。 |
| | Yun, courtesy name Xiuzhao, was the son of Dong He. Yun was later promoted to Shizhong (Attendant-in-Ordinary), and he fulfilled his duties of advising and correcting the emperor with great diligence. Emperor Hou Zhu feared him greatly. As Emperor Hou Zhu gradually grew older, he developed a fondness for Huang Hao, an eunuch who was smooth-talking, flatteringly sycophantic, and sought to ingratiate himself with others. Yun often confronted the emperor in a serious manner when necessary, while also frequently reprimanding Huang Hao directly. Fearing Yun, Huang Hao dared not act improperly during Yun's lifetime; as long as Yun lived, Huang Hao never rose beyond the position of Huangmen Cheng (a minor official). After Chen Zhi succeeded Yun as Shizhong, he and Huang Hao formed a mutual alliance, allowing Huang Hao to begin participating in political affairs. After Chen Zhi died, Huang Hao was promoted from Huangmen Ling (Head of the Yellow Gate) to Zhongchangshi (Attendant-in-Attendance), Fengche Duyi (Commander of the Imperial Escort). He then manipulated power and authority, ultimately leading to the downfall of Shu. No one in Shu failed to look back with nostalgia on Yun.
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張裔，字君嗣，蜀郡人也。丞相亮以為府長史。常稱曰：公賞不遺遠，罰不阿近，爵不可以無功取，刑不可以勢貴免，此賢愚之所以僉忘其身者也。 |
| | Zhang Yi, courtesy name Junsi, was a native of Shu Jun. Chancellor Zhuge Liang appointed him as head clerk in his office. He often said: "Your Excellency rewards without overlooking the distant and punishes without favoring the near. Titles cannot be obtained without merit, nor can punishment be avoided through power or rank. This is why both the wise and the foolish alike forget themselves in their loyalty."
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黄權，字公衡，巴西人也。州牧劉璋召為主簿，時别駕張松建議，宜迎先主，使伐張魯。權諫曰：左將軍有驍名，今請到，欲以部曲遇之，則不滿其心，欲以賓客禮待之，則一國不容二君，若客有泰山之安，則主有累卵之危矣。璋不聽，出權為廣漢長，先主遂襲取益州，諸縣望風影附，權閉城門堅守，須劉璋稽服，乃詣先主，先主假權偏將軍。 |
| | Huang Quan, courtesy name Gongheng, was a native of Bazhou. The Inspector of the commandery, Liu Zhang, summoned him as chief clerk. At that time Zhongjia Zhang Song proposed a suggestion: it was advisable to welcome Emperor Xian and have him attack Zhang Lu. Quan advised: "General Left has a reputation for valor. If we invite him here now, treating him as our subordinate will not satisfy his ambitions; but if we treat him with the courtesy due to a guest, then one state cannot accommodate two rulers. Should this 'guest' enjoy the stability of Mount Tai, the host ruler would face the danger of an egg balanced on a pile." Liu Zhang did not listen and instead reassigned Quan to serve as magistrates of Guanghan. Emperor Xian then launched a surprise attack on Yizhou; all the commanderies submitted upon hearing his approach, but Quan closed the city gates and held out firmly until Liu Zhang surrendered. Only then did he go to meet Emperor Xian, who appointed him General of the Left Wing.
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先主將東伐吳。權諫曰：吳人捍戰，又水軍順流，進易退難，臣請為先驅以嘗寇，陛下宜為後鎭，先主不從，以權為鎭北將軍，督江北軍，南軍敗績，先主引退，而道隔絕，權不得還，故率將所領降於魏，有司執法，白收權妻子。先主曰：孤負黄權，權不負孤也。待之如初，魏文帝謂權曰：君捨逆效順，欲追蹤陳，韓邪。權對曰：臣過受劉主殊遇，降吳不可，還蜀無路，是以歸命，且敗軍之將，免死為幸，何古人之可慕也。文帝善之，拜為鎭南將軍，封育陽侯，加侍中，使之陪乘，蜀降人或云誅權妻子，權知其虛言，未便發喪，後得審問，果如所言，及先主薨，問至魏，羣臣咸賀，而權獨否。 |
| | Emperor Xian was about to launch an eastern campaign against Wu. Quan advised: "The people of Wu are fierce in battle, and their naval forces have the advantage of flowing downstream. Advancing is easy but retreating difficult. I request to serve as vanguard to test the enemy; Your Majesty should remain at the rear for command." Emperor Xian did not follow this advice, instead appointing Quan as General of Beizhen (North Pacification) and commanding the northern bank forces. When the southern army suffered a defeat, Emperor Xian withdrew but found his retreat cut off. Unable to return, Quan led his troops in surrendering to Wei. The officials enforcing the law reported this and requested that Quan's wife and children be seized as punishment. Emperor Xian said: "I have wronged Huang Quan; it is not he who has betrayed me." He treated him as before. Emperor Wen of Wei said to Quan: "You have abandoned rebellion in favor of loyalty, seeking to emulate Chen and Han?" Quan replied: "I was greatly favored by Emperor Liu, and could not surrender to Wu. There is no way back to Shu, so I have come to submit my life. Moreover, as a general who has suffered defeat, I am fortunate merely to escape death—how can I possibly emulate any ancient figures?" Emperor Wen was pleased and appointed him as General of Nanzhen (South Pacification), bestowed the title of Yuyang Hou, added the position of Shizhong, and allowed him to accompany the emperor in his carriage. Some among those who surrendered from Shu claimed that Quan's wife and family had been executed. Knowing this was false, Quan did not immediately mourn them. Later, after receiving confirmation, it turned out exactly as he had suspected. After Emperor Xian died, the news reached Wei; all officials celebrated, but only Quan refused to do so.
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蔣琬，字公琰，零陵人也。隨先主入蜀，除廣都長，先主嘗因游觀奄至廣都，衆事不理，時又沉醉，先主大怒，將加罪戮。諸葛亮請曰：蔣琬，社稷之器，非百里之才，其為政以安民為本，不以修飾為先，願公重加察之，先主雅敬亮，但免官而已，亮每言，公琰托志忠雅，當與吾共贊王業者也。密表後主，臣若不幸，後事宜以付琬，亮卒，琬為尚書令，遷大將軍，録尚書事，時新喪元帥，遠近危竦，琬出類拔萃，處羣僚之右，既無戚容，又無喜色，神守舉止，有如平日，由是衆望漸服，加大司馬。 |
| | Jiang Wan, courtesy name Gongyan, was a native of Lingling. He followed Emperor Xian into Shu and was appointed magistrates of Guangdu. Once, while touring the area, Emperor Xian suddenly arrived in Guangdu without prior notice; he found that many affairs had not been handled, and at that time Jiang Wan was also heavily drunk. Emperor Xian became furious and intended to punish or execute him. Zhuge Liang pleaded: "Jiang Wan is a man of statecraft, not merely one capable of governing a hundred li. His governance prioritizes the people's peace and stability over superficial improvements. I beg you to reconsider." Emperor Xian held great respect for Zhuge Liang and only dismissed Jiang Wan from his post without further punishment. Zhuge Liang often said: "Gongyan is loyal, upright, and committed; he is one who should share with me in supporting the royal cause." Zhuge Liang secretly submitted a recommendation to Emperor Hou Zhu: "If I am unfortunate enough to pass away, all affairs should be entrusted to Jiang Wan." After Zhuge Liang died, Jiang Wan was appointed as Shangshu Ling (Minister of the Secretariat) and later promoted to Grand General in charge of secretarial affairs. At that time, with their great leader recently deceased, people near and far felt anxious and uneasy. Yet Jiang Wan stood out among his peers, taking a leading position. He showed neither sorrow nor joy on his face; his composure and demeanor remained as they had always been. As a result, public confidence gradually returned to him, and he was later elevated to Grand Marshal (Da Sima).
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東曹掾楊戲，素性簡略，琬與言論，時不應答。或欲構戲於琬曰：公與戲語而不見應，戲之慢上，不亦甚乎。琬曰：人心不同，各如其面，面從後言，古人之所誡也。戲欲贊吾是邪，則非其本心，欲反吾言，則顯吾之非，是以默然，是戲之快也。又督農楊敏曾毁琬曰：作事憒憒，誠非及前人，或以白琬，主者請推治敏。琬曰：吾實不如前人，無可推也。主者重據據疑請，聽不聽不字倒，推，則乞問其憒憒之狀。琬曰：苟其不如，則事不當理，事不當理，則憒憒矣。復何問邪，後敏坐事繫獄，衆人猶懼其必死，琬心無適莫，得免重罪。 |
| | Dongcao Yuan Yang Xi, who by nature was simple and unassuming, often did not respond when Jiang Wan engaged him in conversation. Some people wanted to accuse Yang Xi of disrespect toward Jiang Wan, saying: "You spoke with Master Xi but received no response. Isn't his disregard for you extremely disrespectful?" Wan replied: "People's hearts differ as their faces do. To agree on the surface but dissent later is what ancient people warned against." "If Xi wished to praise me, it would not be from his true heart; if he wished to contradict my words, that would expose my faults. Therefore, he remained silent—this is what makes Xi a straightforward man." Another official, Du Nong Yang Min, once criticized Jiang Wan by saying: "He acts in a muddled and indecisive manner; indeed, he is not as capable as his predecessors." Someone reported this to Jiang Wan. The responsible officials requested permission to investigate and punish Yang Min. Wan said: "I am indeed not as capable as my predecessors; there is no need for an investigation." The responsible official, citing lingering doubts, requested further inquiry. Whether to approve or not was uncertain; thus, he asked for an investigation into the nature of Yang Min's accusations that Wan acted "muddled and indecisively." Wan said: "If I am indeed not up to the task, then my affairs should be handled improperly. If my affairs are mishandled, that is precisely what 'muddled and indecisive' means." "There is no need to ask further," he said. Later, when Yang Min was imprisoned for another matter, people still feared that he would surely die. However, Jiang Wan treated the case without bias or favoritism, and in the end, Yang Min escaped a severe punishment.
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楊戲字文然，犍為人也。為射聲校尉，著季漢輔臣贊。 |
| | Yang Xi, courtesy name Wenran, was a native of Qianwei. He served as She Sheng Jiao Wei (Commander of the Archery Corps) and authored "Ji Han Fu Chen Zan" ("Eulogies for the Assistants of the Later Han Dynasty").
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