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Chinese Text Project
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-> -> -> -> -> Ji Shi

《季氏 - Ji Shi 》

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1 季氏:
季氏將伐顓臾，冉有，季路見於孔子。孔子曰：求，無乃爾是過與。冉有曰：夫子欲之，吾二臣者，皆不欲也。歸咎於季氏。孔子曰：求。周任有言曰：陳力就列，不能者止，周任，古之良史也。言當陳才力，度己所任以就其位，不能則當止。危而不持，顛而不扶，則將焉用彼相矣。言輔相人者，當能持危扶顛，若不能，何用相為也。且爾言過矣。虎兕出於柙，龜玉毁於櫝中，是誰之過與，柙，檻也。櫝，櫃也。失虎毁玉，非典守者過耶。冉有曰：今夫顓臾，固而近於費，固，城郭完堅，兵甲利也。費，季氏邑。今不取，後世必為子孫憂。孔子曰：求，君子疾夫，疾如汝言。舍曰欲之，而必為之辭，舍其貪利之說，而更作他辭，是所疾。丘也聞，有國有家者，不患寡而患不均，不患土地人民之寡少，患政治之不均平。不患貧而患不安，憂不能安民耳，民安國富。蓋均無貧，和無寡，安無傾，政教均平，則不患貧矣。上下和同，則不患寡矣。大小安寧，不傾危矣。夫如是，故遠人不服，則修文德以來之，既來之，則安之，今由與求也。相夫子，遠人不服而不能來也。邦分崩離析而不能守也。而謀動干戈於邦內，吾恐季孫之憂，不在顓臾，而在蕭墻之內也。蕭之言肅也。墻謂屏也。君臣相見之禮，至屏而加肅敬焉。是以謂之蕭墻，後季氏家臣陽虎果囚季桓子也。
The Ji family was about to attack Zhuan Yu. Ran You and Ji Lu paid a visit to Confucius. Confucius said, "Qiu, is this not your fault?" Ran You said, "The master wants it; my fellow minister and I both do not want it." Blaming the Ji family. Confucius said, "Qiu." Zhou Ren once said: "If you can contribute your strength and ability to a position, then take it; if not, stop." Zhou Ren was an upright historian of ancient times. (His words mean) that one should present his talents and abilities, assess what he is capable of handling, and thus assume a position; if one cannot do so, then he should stop. If it is in danger but not supported, if it has fallen and is not helped up, then what use would there be for that assistant? (The meaning is) that those who assist others should be able to support them in times of danger and help them when they fall; if one cannot do this, then what good is the assistant?) Moreover, your words have gone too far. If a tiger or rhinoceros escapes from its cage, and turtles and jade are destroyed within the chest, whose fault is that? Xia means a cage. (Du) means a cabinet. Losing the tiger and destroying the jade, is that not the fault of the one who was supposed to guard them? Ran You said, "Now Zhuan Yu is strong and located near Fei." Strong means the city walls are intact and sturdy, and weapons and armor are sharp. Fei was a fief of the Ji family. If we do not take it now, future generations will surely worry about it for you and your descendants. Confucius said: "Qiu, the gentleman despises those," despising as you say. who do not openly admit wanting something but must fabricate an excuse for it. Abandoning the straightforward claim of desiring profit and instead making up another reason is what is despised. Qiu has heard that those who have a state or a family do not worry about scarcity but about inequality. They do not worry about the smallness of land and people, but about political injustice. They do not worry about poverty but about instability. What they fear is the inability to pacify the people; when the people are at peace, the state will be wealthy. For if there is equality, there is no poverty; with harmony, there is no scarcity; and with stability, there is no collapse. If political instruction and governance are fair and balanced, then one need not worry about poverty. When the upper and lower classes are harmonious and united, there is no fear of scarcity. When both the great and small are at peace, there will be no danger of collapse. If this is the case, then when distant people do not submit, one should cultivate virtue and culture to attract them; once they come, one must pacify them. Now you, You and Qiu, are assisting the master, yet distant people do not submit and cannot be brought in. The state is disintegrating and falling apart, yet you are unable to defend it. And now you plan to raise arms within the state; I am afraid that Ji Sun's troubles do not lie in Zhuan Yu, but within his own court. Xiao means 肃 (solemnity). Qiang refers to a screen wall. The etiquette between ruler and minister when they meet becomes especially solemn and respectful at the screen wall. Therefore, it is called Xiao Qiang; later, a retainer of the Ji family named Yang Hu indeed imprisoned Ji Huanzi.

2 季氏:
孔子曰：益者三友，損者三友，友直，友諒，友多聞，益矣。友便辟，便辟，巧避人所忌以求容媚。友善柔，面柔者也。友便佞，損矣。便，辯也。謂佞而辯。
Confucius said: "There are three kinds of beneficial friends and three kinds of harmful friends. A friend who is upright, a friend who is forgiving, and a friend with much knowledge—these are beneficial." A friend who is convenient and evasive, convenient and evasive means skillfully avoiding what others dislike in order to seek favor. a friend who is pleasingly soft, one who is soft-faced (i.e., agreeable on the surface). and a friend who is smooth-talking and flatteringly eloquent—these are harmful. Bian means to argue or speak persuasively. (meaning) flattery with eloquence.

3 季氏:
孔子曰：益者三樂，損者三樂，樂節禮樂，動則得禮樂之節。樂道人之善，樂多賢友，益矣。樂驕樂，恃尊貴以自恣。樂佚遊，佚遊，出入不節。樂宴樂，損矣。宴樂，沈荒淫黷也。三者自損之道。
Confucius said: "There are three kinds of joyful things that benefit, and three that harm. To take joy in the rhythms of ritual and music, to act in accordance with the rhythm of ritual and music. To take joy in speaking of others' virtues, to take joy in having many virtuous friends—these are beneficial." To take joy in arrogance and indulgence, relying on one's status or wealth to act recklessly. to take joy in idle wandering, idle wandering means going out and about without restraint. and to take joy in feasting and revelry—these are harmful." Feasting and revelry mean indulgence in debauchery and licentiousness. These three are ways that harm oneself.

4 季氏:
孔子曰：侍於君子有三愆，言未及之而言謂之躁，躁，不安静。言及之而不言謂之隱，隱，匿，不盡情實。未見顏色而言謂之瞽。未見君子顏色所趨向而便逆先意語者，猶瞽者也。
Confucius said: "There are three faults in serving a gentleman: to speak before being asked is called impatience," Zao means not being calm. to be asked but remain silent is called concealment," Yin means to hide or withhold, not revealing the full truth. and to speak without observing one's expression is called blindness. Those who speak before seeing the gentleman's expressions or understanding his inclinations are like blind people.

5 季氏:
孔子曰：君子有三戒，少之時，血氣未定，戒之在色，及其壯也。血氣方剛，戒之在鬥，及其老也。血氣既衰，戒之在得。得，貪得也。
Confucius said: "A gentleman has three things to be cautious about. In youth, when one's blood and vital energy are not yet settled, caution should be in regard to lust; by the time he reaches adulthood," when his blood and vitality are at their peak, caution should be against fighting; when one grows old," when one's blood and energy have declined, caution should be in the pursuit of gain. De means greed for acquisition.

6 季氏:
孔子曰：君子有三畏，畏天命，順吉逆凶天之命。畏大人，大人即聖人，與天地合德也。畏聖人之言，小人不知天命而不畏，狎大人，侮聖人之言。
Confucius said: "A gentleman has three fears; he fears Heaven's will," Following brings good fortune, opposing brings misfortune—this is Heaven's will. "fears the great ones," the "great ones" refer to sages who embody virtue in harmony with heaven and earth. and fears the words of sages. Small-minded people do not know Heaven's will and thus have no fear, they treat great ones with familiarity, and mock the words of sages.

7 季氏:
孔子曰：生而知之者，上也。學而知之者，次也。困而學之，又其次也。困謂有所不通也。困而不學，民斯為下矣。
Confucius said: "Those who are born knowing things are the highest." "Those who learn and come to know are next in rank." "To be troubled and then study is the next level," Kun means to encounter something one does not understand.}} To be troubled yet not study—this is how the people become the lowest of all.

8 季氏:
孔子曰：君子有九思，視思明，聽思聰，色思温，貌思恭，言思忠，事思敬，疑思問，忿思難，見得思義。
Confucius said: "A gentleman has nine considerations. When looking, consider clarity; when listening, consider attentiveness; when expressing one's countenance, consider warmth; when comporting oneself, consider respectfulness; when speaking, consider sincerity; when handling affairs, consider reverence; when in doubt, consider asking questions; when angry, consider the consequences of conflict; and when seeing something to be gained, consider whether it is right."

9 季氏:
孔子曰：見善如不及，見不善如探湯。
Confucius said: "When one sees virtue, pursue it as if you cannot reach it; when one sees what is not virtuous, avoid it as one would avoid reaching into boiling water."

10 季氏:
齊景公有馬千駟，死之日，民無得而稱焉。千駟，四千疋也。伯夷，叔齊餓於首陽之下，首陽，山名，民到於今稱之，其斯之謂與。此所謂以德為稱。
Duke Jing of Qi had a thousand chariot horses; on the day he died, there was nothing for the people to praise about him. A thousand chariots means four thousand horses. Bo Yi and Shu Qi starved beneath the Mount Shaoyang. Shaoyang is a mountain's name; the people still praise them to this day. Is this not what was meant? This is what is called being praised for virtue.

URN: ctp:n416837